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Powell v Alabama limited decision on DUE PROCESS that it was a constitiutional right to have counsel: on a capital charge
and defendant is ignorant, feeble minded, illiterate or alike: limited to facts making it difficult to satisfy conditions. Johnson v
Zerbst(1938): 6th Amend. Requires provision of counsel to indigent defendant in all felony cases. Betts v. Brady rejected this
decision that due process requires such an appointment in all felony cases, but ONLY where the trial LACKS fundamental
fairness.
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fundamental fairness)*cccDefendant requires counsel to be assured a fair trial, applies to all felonies and
misdemeanours with jail time: links with right to liberty.
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Jones v. Barnes: strategies are permited by counsel, e.g dress code BUT pleas (serious requests) are personal and
must be abided by. Whether cousel did what the D asked or FAILED to consult/ INVESTIGATE
Competency test:  +c!c' &c,c-$ c

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3c -cIn all the circumstances identified Counsels acts/omissions were outside the range of
professional competence (what counsel did/did not do showed incompetence to an objective standard).Was
the mistake in the µrange of competency¶ 2"$ c!c4  c# 5 c

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Vc Nix v whiteside, Smith v. Murray, Kimmelman v Morrison
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' && cc ccounsels failure to investigate was held incompetent and violated the 6th Amend right to
counselcccccccccccccccccccc +cc'cextends the standard of Strickland when considering a
reversal of a conviction, it must demonstrate that counsel¶s errors were so serious it deprived the defendant
of a fair/ reliable trial
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cc6&7: MATERIAL EVIDENCE: reasonable possibility that had the evidence been disclosed to the
defence the outcome of the proceeding would be different ($  2# c5$22 #
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Miller v. Pate: prosecution knew stain in boxer were not blood but paint, violated 14th amend.
@  prosecution has duty to disclose evidence. Prohibition of bad faith destruction of evidence:
letter that police knew about did not show innocence but jury has the right to hear it. ("25 c$ 
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: determined whether a indigent defendant could have an expert witness for mental illness
defence. (defendant interest, states interest and risk of error)
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The Defence has a right to retain an opposing expert (psychiatrist) at the expense of the state where he is using it for
a defence/ a significant factor at trial. But this is at a basic level. Not a lavish luxury.
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1 making clear that the indigent's right to access to expert assistance is not limited to psychiatrists.
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Arraignment: defendant knows what they are charged with and can plead guilty/not guilty to build a defensecA
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 ³ an individual who has the intent to commit a felony has the sufficient required for
murder´this means intent is transferred and the defendant can be charged with murder, if it was an accident.  c3
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,  $"´ Felony: (it must be dangerous not fraudulent tax form in car who run someone over accidently)
Felony ³inherently dangerous to life or health´= reasons why it¶s dangerous/not? (common law/ evil in itself)
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#c   $"0 1. Is it a general dangerous crime? 2. Subjective test: relating to the
fact to determine danger.

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È The felony c& c ccto the killing.(robbing a shop with a gun and accomplice)
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of the D¶s conduct. (
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Robber kill bystander/victim FMR applies
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c!c' ## . Felon kills felon(accomplice) the FMR does not apply:  #c55# 2# c
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1. intentional killing/ accidental if it furthers the felon e.g kills security to escape, codefedant it liable even if has no
desire/ intention. 2. Not in the furtherance of felony: e.g no need to kill person, revengeful. FMR not applied.

BD‘

  
of a Felony
The FMR only applies to killings ³in the commission of a felony´; when felony began and end then when was the
killing.
Escape as part of felony: (killing is ³   to felony) ,Immediate Flight ± FMR applies if felons
in ³  ´ from scene of felony. Possession of ³booty´ ± Idea that the felony does not end until ³booty´
is in a safe place. V dies whilst trying to escape danger ± FMR applicable .Intent follows killing ± FMR unlikely to
apply if D forms the intent to commit felony after the killing. E.g. A and B fight. Seeing A lying helpless (but in fact
dead) B robs him. Suggestible that this is ³not in the commission´.
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"$ cc People v. Aaron: Michigan abolished FMR political doctrine(senate votes) model penal code
rejects it the Depraved heart rule is more logical. It¶s apposed. But it has been restricted.

Conclusion: answer 5 tests.

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