FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE
ANATOMY

Dr. Indri Seta Septadina, M. Kes

Departemen Anatomi
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Sriwijaya
2012
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 TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN

Mahasiswa memahami dan mampu menjelaskan

anatomi organ reproduksi wanita serta fungsi
yang berkaitan dengan organ tersebut
Organs of the Female Reproductive System
(Fig. 337A)

GENITALIA GENITALIA
EXTERNAE INTERNA
VULVA OVARIUM
PERINEUM TUBA UTERINA
GLD. MAMMAE UTERUS
VAGINA
 GENITALIA EXTERNAE

Organ kelamin luar wanita memiliki 2 fungsi :

• Jalan masuk sperma ke dalam tubuh wanita
• Pelindung organ kelamin dalam dari organisme
penyebab infeksi.

Saluran kelamin wanita memiliki lubang yang

berhubungan dengan dunia luar, sehingga
mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit bisa masuk dan
menyebabkan infeksi kandungan.
Mikroorganisme ini biasanya ditularkan melalui
hubungan seksual.

4
 VULVAE

The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly

visible
The vulva includes:
• Mons pubis
• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Clitoris
• Urethral opening
• Vaginal opening
• Perineum 5
MONS PUBIS
• Jaringan lemak dibawah
kulit yg berbentuk seperti
gunung segitiga
• Melindungi symphysis
pubis
• Pengaruh hormon saat
pubertas menyebabkan
tumbuh rambut
• Variasi dalam jumlah,
warna, ketebalan dan
konsistensi (kasar/halus)
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 LABIA MAJORA
• sama dengan skrotum pada pria
• Jaringan kulit yg terdiri dari kelenjar keringat dan
kelenjar sebasea (penghasil minyak) + rambut
• setelah puber, labium mayor akan ditumbuhi
rambut.Referred to as the outer lips
• Melindungi introitus vagina dan meatus urethrae
• Cenderung melunak semakin ber++usia

7
 LABIA MINORA
• Referred to as the “inner lips”
• Made up of erectile, connective tissue that
darkens and swells during sexual arousal
• Located inside the labia majora
• They are more sensitive and responsive to touch
than the labia majora
• The labia minora tightens during intercourse
• Karena kaya akan pembuluh darah, maka labium
minora dan vagina tampak berwarna pink.

8
 CLITORIS
• Labium minora kiri dan kanan bertemu di depan dan
membentuk klitoris, yang merupakan penonjolan kecil yang
sangat peka (sama dengan penis pada pria).
• Klitoris dibungkus oleh sebuah lipatan kulit yang
disebut preputium (sama dengan kulit depan pada ujung
penis pria).
• Klitoris sangat sensitif terhadap rangsangan dan bisa
mengalami ereksi.
• Terdiri dari banyak jaringan syaraf, pembuluh darah dan
jaringan erektil
• Key to sexual pleasure for most women
• Urethral opening is located directly below clitoris

9
FEMALE

10
 VAGINAL OPENING
INTROITUS
• Lubang masuk vagina yang dilapisi oleh lapisan
tipis disebut hymen
• Keberadaan hymen digunakan untuk
menentukan virginity
• Beberapa wanita lahir tanpa hymen
• Hymen dapat robek oleh beberapa sebab selain
aktifitas seksual
• Kekuatan himen pada setiap wanita bervariasi,
karena itu pada saat pertama kali melakukan
hubungan seksual, himen bisa robek atau bisa
juga tidak.
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 PERINEUM

• Jaringan fibromuskuler diantara vagina dan anus.

Kulit yang membungkus perineum dan labium mayo
sama dengan kulit di bagian tubuh lainnya
• Melindungi bagian bawah dari organ urinarius dan
tractus digestivus
• Terdiri dari banyak jaringan syaraf tepi → sensitif
bila tersentuh
• Lokasi episiotomy saat proses melahirkan → untuk
memperlebar jalan lahir

12
Mammary Glands
(Fig. 167A) & (Fig. 167B)
• Modified sweat glands consisting of 15-25 lobes
that radiate around and open at the nipple
• Areola – pigmented skin surrounding the nipple
• Suspensory ligaments attach the breast to
underlying muscle fascia
• Lobes contain glandular alveoli that produce
milk in lactating women
• Compound alveolar glands pass milk to
lactiferous ducts, which open to the outside
Female Reproductive Anatomy (Fig. 337A)
▪ Ovaries are the primary female reproductive
organs
➢ Make female gametes (ova)
➢ Secrete female sex hormones (estrogen and
progesterone)
OVARIES (Fig. 349A) & (Fig. 349B)

• Each follicle consists of an immature egg called

an oocyte
• Cells around the oocyte are called:
➢ Follicular cells (one cell layer thick)
➢ Granulosa cells (when more than one layer is
present)
▪ Primordial follicle – one layer of squamouslike
follicular cells surrounds the oocyte
▪ Primary follicle –cuboidal cells enclose the
Oocyte
➢ Two or more layers of cells - granulosa
• Secondary follicle – has a fluid-filled space
between granulosa cells that coalesces to form a
central antrum
• Graafian follicle – secondary follicle at its most
mature stage that bulges from the surface of the
ovary
• Ovulation – ejection of the oocyte from the
ripening follicle
• Corpus luteum – ruptured follicle after ovulation
(Fig. 349A) & (Fig. 349B)
Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes) and Oviducts

• Receive the ovulated oocyte and provide a site

for fertilization
• Empty into the superolateral region of the uterus
via the isthmus
• Expand distally around the ovary forming the
Ampulla
• The ampulla ends in the funnel-shaped, ciliated
infundibulum containing fingerlike projections
called fimbriae
(Fig. 346B)
Uterine Tubes (Fig. 346B) & (Fig. 345)
• The uterine tubes have no contact with the
ovaries and the ovulated oocyte is cast into the
peritoneal cavity
• Beating cilia on the fimbriae create currents to
carry the oocyte into the uterine tube
• The oocyte is carried toward the uterus by
peristalsis and ciliary action
• Nonciliated cells keep the oocyte and the sperm
nourished and moist
• Mesosalpinx – visceral peritoneum that supports
the uterine tubes
Uterus (Fig. 346B) & (Fig. 345)

• Hollow, thick-walled organ located in the pelvis

anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the
bladder
• Body – major portion of the uterus
• Fundus – rounded region superior to the entrance
of the uterine tubes
• Isthmus – narrowed region between the body and
cervix
• Cervix
Uterus (Fig. 346B) & (Fig. 345)
• Cervix – narrow neck which projects into the
vagina inferiorly
• Cervical canal – cavity of the cervix that
communicates with:
➢ The vagina via the external os
➢ The uterine body via the internal os
• Cervical glands secrete mucus that covers the
external os and blocks sperm entry except during
midcycle
Peritoneal Pouches (Fig. 337A)

• Several cul-de-sacs of peritoneum exist around

the uterus
➢ Vesicouterine pouch – lies between the
bladder and the uterus
➢ Rectouterine pouch – lies between the rectum
and the uterus
Uterine Wall (Fig. 346B)

• Composed of three layers

➢ Perimetrium – outermost serous layer; the
visceral peritoneum
➢ Myometrium – middle layer; interlacing
layers of smooth muscle
➢ Endometrium – mucosal lining of the uterine
cavity
Endometrium (Fig. 346B)
• Has numerous uterine glands that change in
length as the endometrial thickness changes
• Stratum functionalis:
➢ Undergoes cyclic changes in response to
ovarian hormones
➢ Is shed during menstruation
• Stratum basalis:
➢ Forms a new functionalis after menstruation
ends
➢ Does not respond to ovarian hormones
Uterine Vascular Supply (Fig. 375B)

• Uterine arteries – arise from the internal iliacs,

ascend the sides of the uterus and send
branches into the uterine wall
• Arcuate arteries – branches of the uterine
arteries in the myometrium that give rise to radial
branches
• Radial branches – descend into the
endometrium and give off:
➢ Spiral arteries to the stratum functionalis
➢ Straight arteries to the stratum basalis
Uterine Vascular Supply (Fig. 375B)

• Degeneration and regeneration of spiral arteries

causes the functionalis to shed during
menstruation
• Veins of the endometrium are thin-walled with
occasional sinusoidal enlargements
Vagina (Fig. 345)

• Thin-walled tube lying between the bladder and

the rectum, extending from the cervix to the
exterior of the body
• The urethra is embedded in the anterior wall
• Provides a passageway for birth, menstrual flow,
and is the organ of copulation
Vagina (Fig. 345)

• Wall consists of three coats: fibroelastic

adventitia, smooth muscle muscularis, and a
stratified squamous mucosa
• Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an
incomplete partition called the hymen
• Vaginal fornix – upper end of the vagina
surrounding the cervix
Female Reproductive Anatomy (Fig. 337A)
▪ Ovaries are the primary female reproductive
organs
➢ Make female gametes (ova)
➢ Secrete female sex hormones (estrogen and
progesterone)
▪ Accessory ducts include uterine tubes, uterus,
and vagina
▪ Internal genitalia – ovaries and the internal
Ducts
▪ External genitalia – external sex organs
The Ovaries (Fig. 346B)

• Paired organs on each side of the uterus held in

place by several ligaments
➢ Ovarian – anchors the ovary medially to the
Uterus
➢ Suspensory – anchors the ovary laterally to
the pelvic wall
➢ Mesovarium – suspends the ovary in between
• Broad ligament – contains the suspensory
ligament and it is formed by the mesovarium,
the mesosalpinx and the mesometrium
Ovaries (Fig. 375B)

• Blood supply – ovarian arteries and the

ovarian branch of the uterine artery
• They are surrounded by a fibrous tunica
albuginea, which is covered by a layer of
epithelial cells called the germinal
epithelium
• Embedded in the ovary cortex are ovarian
follicles
OVARIES (Fig. 349A) & (Fig. 349B)

• Each follicle consists of an immature egg called

an oocyte
• Cells around the oocyte are called:
➢ Follicular cells (one cell layer thick)
➢ Granulosa cells (when more than one layer is
present)
▪ Primordial follicle – one layer of squamouslike
follicular cells surrounds the oocyte
▪ Primary follicle –cuboidal cells enclose the
Oocyte
➢ Two or more layers of cells - granulosa
• Secondary follicle – has a fluid-filled space
between granulosa cells that coalesces to form a
central antrum
• Graafian follicle – secondary follicle at its most
mature stage that bulges from the surface of the
ovary
• Ovulation – ejection of the oocyte from the
ripening follicle
• Corpus luteum – ruptured follicle after ovulation
(Fig. 349A) & (Fig. 349B)
Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes) and Oviducts

• Receive the ovulated oocyte and provide a site

for fertilization
• Empty into the superolateral region of the uterus
via the isthmus
• Expand distally around the ovary forming the
Ampulla
• The ampulla ends in the funnel-shaped, ciliated
infundibulum containing fingerlike projections
called fimbriae
(Fig. 346B)
Uterine Tubes (Fig. 346B) & (Fig. 345)
• The uterine tubes have no contact with the
ovaries and the ovulated oocyte is cast into the
peritoneal cavity
• Beating cilia on the fimbriae create currents to
carry the oocyte into the uterine tube
• The oocyte is carried toward the uterus by
peristalsis and ciliary action
• Nonciliated cells keep the oocyte and the sperm
nourished and moist
• Mesosalpinx – visceral peritoneum that supports
the uterine tubes
Uterus (Fig. 346B) & (Fig. 345)

• Hollow, thick-walled organ located in the pelvis

anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the
bladder
• Body – major portion of the uterus
• Fundus – rounded region superior to the entrance
of the uterine tubes
• Isthmus – narrowed region between the body and
cervix
• Cervix
Uterus (Fig. 346B) & (Fig. 345)
• Cervix – narrow neck which projects into the
vagina inferiorly
• Cervical canal – cavity of the cervix that
communicates with:
➢ The vagina via the external os
➢ The uterine body via the internal os
• Cervical glands secrete mucus that covers the
external os and blocks sperm entry except during
midcycle
Supports of the Uterus
(Fig. 346B) & (Fig. 345)
• Mesometrium – portion of the broad ligament
that supports the uterus laterally
• Lateral cervical ligaments – extend from the
cervix and superior part of the vagina to the
lateral walls of the pelvis
• Uterosacral ligaments – paired ligaments that
secure the uterus to the sacrum
• Round ligaments – bind the anterior wall to the
labia majora
Peritoneal Pouches (Fig. 337A)

• Several cul-de-sacs of peritoneum exist around

the uterus
➢ Vesicouterine pouch – lies between the
bladder and the uterus
➢ Rectouterine pouch – lies between the rectum
and the uterus
Uterine Wall (Fig. 346B)

• Composed of three layers

➢ Perimetrium – outermost serous layer; the
visceral peritoneum
➢ Myometrium – middle layer; interlacing
layers of smooth muscle
➢ Endometrium – mucosal lining of the uterine
cavity
Endometrium (Fig. 346B)
• Has numerous uterine glands that change in
length as the endometrial thickness changes
• Stratum functionalis:
➢ Undergoes cyclic changes in response to
ovarian hormones
➢ Is shed during menstruation
• Stratum basalis:
➢ Forms a new functionalis after menstruation
ends
➢ Does not respond to ovarian hormones
Uterine Vascular Supply (Fig. 375B)

• Uterine arteries – arise from the internal iliacs,

ascend the sides of the uterus and send
branches into the uterine wall
• Arcuate arteries – branches of the uterine
arteries in the myometrium that give rise to radial
branches
• Radial branches – descend into the
endometrium and give off:
➢ Spiral arteries to the stratum functionalis
➢ Straight arteries to the stratum basalis
Uterine Vascular Supply (Fig. 375B)

• Degeneration and regeneration of spiral arteries

causes the functionalis to shed during
menstruation
• Veins of the endometrium are thin-walled with
occasional sinusoidal enlargements
Vagina (Fig. 345)

• Thin-walled tube lying between the bladder and

the rectum, extending from the cervix to the
exterior of the body
• The urethra is embedded in the anterior wall
• Provides a passageway for birth, menstrual flow,
and is the organ of copulation
Vagina (Fig. 345)

• Wall consists of three coats: fibroelastic

adventitia, smooth muscle muscularis, and a
stratified squamous mucosa
• Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an
incomplete partition called the hymen
• Vaginal fornix – upper end of the vagina
surrounding the cervix
External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)
(Fig. 350A) & (Fig. 352A)
• Lies external to the vagina and includes the mons
pubis, labia, clitoris, and vestibular structures
• Mons pubis – round, fatty area overlying the
pubic symphysis
• Labia majora – elongated, hair-covered, fatty
skin folds homologous to the male scrotum
• Labia minora – hair-free skin folds lying within
the labia majora; homologous to the ventral penis
External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)
(Fig. 350A) & (Fig. 352A)

• Greater vestibular glands

➢ Pea-size glands flanking the vagina
➢ Homologous to the bulbourethral glands
➢ Keep the vestibule moist and lubricated
External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)
(Fig. 350A) & (Fig. 352A)

• Clitoris (homologous to the penis)

➢ Erectile tissue hooded by the prepuce
➢ The exposed portion is called the glans
• Perineum
➢ Diamond-shaped region between the pubic
arch and coccyx
➢ Bordered by the ischial tuberosities laterally
Mammary Glands
(Fig. 167A) & (Fig. 167B)
• Modified sweat glands consisting of 15-25 lobes
that radiate around and open at the nipple
• Areola – pigmented skin surrounding the nipple
• Suspensory ligaments attach the breast to
underlying muscle fascia
• Lobes contain glandular alveoli that produce
milk in lactating women
• Compound alveolar glands pass milk to
lactiferous ducts, which open to the outside
 BREASTS
• Organs of sexual arousal • Breast size is determined
primarily by heredity
• Contain mammary glands
• Size also depends on the
• Consist of connective tissue that existing fat and glandular tissue
serves as support
• Breasts may exhibit cyclical
• Each breast contain 15-25 changes, including increased
clusters called lobes swelling and tenderness prior to
• Each lobule is connected by
menstruation
ducts that open into the nipples
• The nipples are made up of • Benign breast changes refer to
erectile tissue fibrocystic disease
• The pigmented around the • Lumps or masses that are
nipples are called the areola noncancerous
UNIT 3: FEMALE 51
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 UNIT 3: FEMALE 52
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Fig. 337A

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Fig. 346B

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Fig. 345

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Fig. 350A

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Fig. 352A

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Fig. 167A

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Fig. 167B

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Fig. 375B

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Fig. 349A

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Fig. 349B

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