Form 5 Biology

Chapter 10 Transport

Objective Questions

1 The blood vessel with the lowest oxygen content is

A the vena pulmonary C the artery pulmonary
B the hepatic artery D the renal artery

2 Figure 1 shows the systemic circulation in humans.

Heart X Heart

Figure 1
What is organ X?
A Body organ
B Lungs
C Gill
D Haemocoelom

3 Substance X is injected into a person’s foot. What is the shortest route taken by
substance X so that it reaches the person’s arm?
A Foot  liver  heart  lung  arm
B Foot  heart  lung  heart  arm
C Foot  heart  arm
D Foot  heart  liver  arm

4 Figure 2 shows a simple diagram of the human blood clotting mechanism. Name P,
Q, R and S.
Blood tissue P

Prothrombin R

S Fibrin

Figure 2
P Q R S
Thrombin Platelet Thrombokinase Fibrinogen
Platelet Thrombokinase Thrombin Fibrinogen
Thrombin Thrombokinase Fibrinogen Platelet
Thrombokinase Fibrinogen Thrombin Platelet

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A
B
C
D
5 Figure 3 shows the structure of a mammalian heart.

Figure 3
Which blood vessel experiences the highest blood pressure and channels the highest
blood glucose content?
Highest blood pressure Highest glucose content
A X Y
B Y W
C W Z
D Z X

6 Blood from three different human veins are taken and tested to determine the
concentration of glucose, oxygen and urea. The result is recorded in Table 1 below. (Unit
is arbitrary.)
Glucose Oxygen
Vein Urea concentration
concentration concentration
X 0.8 40 1.5
Y 1.2 40 7.5
Z 0.8 90 4.0
Table 1
What are veins X, Y and Z?
Hepatic portal vein Pulmonary vein Renal vein
A X Y Z
B Y Z X
C Z X Y
D Z Y X

7 Which of the following blood components cannot pass through the blood capillary
wall into the tissue fluid?
A Amino acid
B Glucose
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 C Erythrocyte
D Urea

8 Which of the following statements explains the insect circulation system?

A Does not have a heart
B Sole circulatory system
C Blood wets the body cells
D Oxygenated blood mixes with the deoxygenated blood

9 In an experiment to study the transport of water, a type of plant with roots is placed
in an eosine solution. The cross-section of the plant’s leaf, stem and root is prepared.
Which of the following parts is coloured by the eosine?

Leaf Stem Root

A P R T
B Q R U
C P S T
D Q S U

10 Which of the following factors causes a plant to wilt the fastest?

Air movement Air humidity Temperatur
e
A Fast High High
B Slow High High
C Fast Low High
D Slow Low Low

11 Which of the following forces is involved during the process of water movement
from the stem to the leaf of a plant?
I Osmosis
II Transpiration pull
III Root pressure
IV Capillary action
A I and III only

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B II and IV only
C I, III and IV only
D II, III and IV only
12 Figure 4 shows a type of plant cell.

Figure 4
Which of the following explains the function of the cell?
I Carry out translocation
II Transport organic substances
III Transport water and mineral salts
IV Transport photosynthetic products
A I and III only
B II and IV only
C I, II and III only
D I, II and IV only

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Structured Questions

1 Figure 1 shows a part of the blood vessels in the human blood circulation system.

Figure 1

(a) Name blood vessels P, Q and R.

(b) Draw and label a cross-sectional diagram of the blood vessel at A-A.
(c) Among blood vessels P, Q and R, which has the lowest blood pressure?
(d) (i) State one structure that is found only in blood vessel R.
(ii) State the function of the structure that is named in d(i).

2 Figure 2 shows the apparatus that is used for an experiment on a plant.

Figure 2

(a) What is the name of the apparatus above?

(b) What is the purpose of the experiment above?
(c) What is the assumption made?
(d) Suggest three ways that the plant uses the water that it obtains.
(e) What is the use of the tap in the apparatus above?
(f) If the distance between M and N is 12 cm, and the time taken for the air bubble to
move from N to M is 30 minutes, what is the rate of transpiration of the plant?

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 (g) State two precautionary steps that must be taken in this experiment.

Essay Question

(a) What is transpiration? State the location where transpiration occurs in the plant.
(b) Explain why the rate of transpiration influences the rate of water absorption by the roots.
(c) Describe the importance of transpiration to plants.

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 Answers
Objective Questions
1 C 7 C
2 A 8 C
3 B 9 C
4 B 10 C
5 B 11 B
6 B 12 D

Structured Question
1 (a) P: Arterial/Artery
Q: Blood capillary
R: Venule/Vein

(b)

(c) R

(d) (i) Semi-lunar valve

(ii) Prevents the back flow of blood and ensures that blood flows in only one
direction only.

2 (a) Bubble potometer

(b) Measure the rate of transpiration

(c) Rate of water absorption is the same as the rate of transpiration

(d) (i) As the basic substance for the process of photosynthesis

(ii) To transport mineral salts and food
(iii) To maintain cell turgidity

(e) To return the air bubble to its original point, that is N.

(f) Rate of transpiration = MN distance/time =12/30 = 0.4 cm/minute

(g) (i) Bottom end of the capillary tube must be below the surface of the water
(ii) The plant twigs are cut underwater to prevent the air bubble from entering the
xylem

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Essay Question

(a) Transpiration is the process of the loss of water in the form of water vapour from the
plant surface through evaporation. Transpiration usually occurs in the stoma, lenticel or
cuticle (very little) of plants.

(b) The plant will lose a lot of water if the rate of transpiration is high. Water that is lost
will be replaced through water absorption by the roots. As such, if the rate of
transpiration increases, the rate of water absorption by the roots also increases.

(c) The importance of transpiration include:

 Maintain the osmotic concentration in the plant. If the osmotic concentration is
higher or lower than the normal levels, the physiological process of the plants will
be disrupted.
 Help to cool down the plant surface during evaporation. Evaporation dormant
heat is absorbed from the plant cells or the environment.
 Produce suction force to help in the intake and absorption of water and
mineral salts from the roots to the leaves via the xylem vessels.