DRUG STUDY

Generic NURSING
ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
Name RESPONSIBILITIES

Co-trimoxazole Blocks synthesis of Indications Contraindications Dermatologic: Rash, - Assess allergic reactions
tetrahydrofolic - Uncomplicated UTIs - Allergy to pruritus, exfoliative - Monitor I&O ratio
acid;combination caused by susceptible trimethoprim, pregnancy dermatitis - Monitor kidney function
blocks two strains of E. coli, (teratogenic in preclinical GI: Epigastric - Assess type of infection;
consecutive steps in Proteus mirabilis, studies), megaloblastic distress, nausea, obtain C&S before
bacterial synthesis of Klebsiella anemia due to folate vomiting, glossitis starting therapy
essential nucleic pneumoniae, deficiency. Hematologic: - Assess blood dyscrasias
acids, protein Enterobacter species, Thrombocytopenia,
and coagulase- leukopenia, Precautions:
negative neutropenia, - Pregnancy C, renal
Staphylococcus megaloblastic anemia, disease, eldery,
species, including methemoglobinemia, G6PD deficiency,
Staphylococcus elevated serum impaired
saprophyticus transaminase and hepatic/renal disease,
- Treatment of acute bilirubin, increased possible folate
otitis media due to BUN and serum deficiency, severe
susceptible strains of creatinine levels allergy, bronchial
S. pneumoniae and H. Other: Fever asthma
influenza in children
 Generic NURSING
ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
Name RESPONSIBILITIES

Allopurinol Inhibits the enzyme Indications: Contraindications CNS: Headache, - Administer drug after
responsible for the - Management of the - allergy to allopurinol, drowsiness, peripheral meals.
conversion of purines signs and symptoms of blood dyscrasias neuropathy, neuritis, - Encourage patient to
to uric acid, thus primary and secondary - use cautiously with paresthesias drink 2.5 to 3 L/day to
reducing the gout liver disease, renal Dermatologic: decrease the risk of renal
production of uric - Management of failure, lactation, Rashes— stone development
acid with a decrease patients with pregnancy maculopapular, scaly - Check urine alkalinity—
in serum and malignancies that or exfoliative— urates crystallize in acid
sometimes in urinary result in elevations of sometimes fatal urine; sodium bicarbonate
uric acid levels, serum and urinary uric GI: Nausea, vomiting, or potassium citrate may
relieving the signs acid diarrhea, abdominal be ordered to alkalinize
and symptoms of - Management of pain, gastritis, urine.
gout patients with recurrent hepatomegaly, - Arrange for regular
calcium oxalate calculi hyperbilirubinemia, medical follow-up and
whose daily uric acid cholestatic jaundice blood tests.
Reduce uric acid excretion exceeds GU: Exacerbation of -Report rash; unusual
synthesis 800 mg/day (males) or gout and renal calculi, bleeding or bruising;
750 mg/day (females) renal failure fever, chills; gout attack;
Hematologic: numbness or tingling;
- Orphan drug use: Anemia, leukopenia, flank pain.
Treatment of Chagas' agranulocytosis, -
disease; cutaneous and thrombocytopenia,
visceral leishmaniasis aplastic anemia, bone Precautions:
- Unlabeled uses: marrow depression - Pregnancy C,
Amelioration of lactation, renal
granulocyte disease, hepatic
suppression with disease, children
fluorouracil; as a
mouthwash to prevent
fluorouracil-induced
stomatitis
 Generic NURSING
ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
Name RESPONSIBILITIES

Affects the Oral: Treatment of Hypersensitivity to active Nausea, vomiting, -Instruct patient to apply
Nystatin permeability of the oropharyngeal ingredients, additives, diarrhea, GI distress, medication as directed for
Mycostatin fungal cell wall, candidiasis preservatives, or bases. irritation full course of therapy, even
allowing leakage of Troche:Treatment of Some products contain if feeling better.
cellular contents oral candidiasis alcohol or bisulfites and - Use appropriate hygiene
Topical should be avoided in measures to prevent
Drug Classification: applications:Treatment patients with known reinfection or spread of
Anti-fungals of cutaneous or intolerance. infection
mucocutaneous -This drug is for the fungus
mycotic infections Use cautiously with being treated; do not self-
caused by Candida pregnancy, lactation medicate other problems.
albicans and other -Advise patient to report
Candida species increased skin irritation or
lack of response to therapy
to health care professional.

Generic ACTION INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS

Name NURSING
 RESPONSIBILITIES

- - Acute aspirin - Give drug with food or

Aspirin Analgesic and - Mild to moderate Allergy to salicylates or toxicity: after meals if GI upset
antirheumatic effects pain NSAIDs; allergy to Respiratory occurs.
are attributable to - Fever tartrazine (cross- alkalosis, - Give drug with full glass
aspirin's ability to - Inflammatory sensitivity to aspirin is hyperpnea, of water to reduce risk of
inhibit the synthesis conditions— common); hemophilia, tachypnea, tablet or capsule lodging
of prostaglandins, rheumatic fever, bleeding ulcers, hemorrhage, in the esophagus.
important mediators rheumatoid arthritis, hemorrhagic states, confusion, - Do not crush, and ensure
of inflammation. osteoarthritis blood coagulation asterixis, that patient does not
Antipyretic effects are - Reduction of risk of defects, pulmonary edema, chew sustained-release
not fully understood, recurrent TIAs or hypoprothrombinemia, seizures, tetany, preparations.
but aspirin probably stroke in males with vitamin K deficiency metabolic acidosis, - Do not use aspirin that
acts in the history of TIA due (increased risk of fever, coma, CV has a strong vinegar-like
thermoregulatory to fibrin platelet bleeding) collapse, renal and odor.
center of the emboli - Use cautiously with respiratory failure - Institute emergency
hypothalamus to - Reduction of risk of impaired renal function; procedures if overdose
block effects of death or nonfatal chickenpox, influenza - Aspirin occurs: gastric lavage,
endogenous pyrogen MI in patients with (risk of Reye's intolerance: induction of emesis,
by inhibiting history of infarction syndrome in children Exacerbation of activated charcoal,
synthesis of the or unstable angina and teenagers); children bronchospasm, supportive therapy.
prostaglandin pectoris with fever accompanied rhinitis - Use the drug only as
intermediary. - MI prophylaxis by dehydration; surgery suggested; avoid
Inhibition of platelet - Unlabeled use: scheduled within 1 wk; overdose
aggregation is Prophylaxis against pregnancy (maternal - GI: Nausea, - Report ringing in the
attributable to the cataract formation anemia, antepartal and dyspepsia, ears; dizziness,
inhibition of platelet with long-term use postpartal hemorrhage, heartburn, confusion; abdominal
synthesis of prolonged gestation, epigastric pain; rapid or difficult
thromboxane A2, a and prolonged labor discomfort, breathing; nausea,
potent have been reported; hepatotoxicity vomiting.
vasoconstrictor and readily crosses the
inducer of platelet placenta; possibly - Hematologic:
aggregation. This teratogenic; maternal Occult blood loss,
effect occurs at low ingestion of aspirin hemostatic defects
doses and lasts for the during late pregnancy
life of the platelet (8 has been associated
days). Higher doses with the following - Hypersensitivity:
inhibit the synthesis adverse fetal effects:
of prostacyclin, a low birth weight, Anaphylactoid
potent vasodilator increased intracranial reactions to
and inhibitor of hemorrhage, stillbirths, anaphylactic
platelet aggregation. neonatal death); shock
lactation.
Drug classes - Salicylism:
Antipyretic Dizziness, tinnitus,
Analgesic difficulty hearing,
(nonopioid) nausea, vomiting,
Anti-inflammatory diarrhea, mental
Antirheumatic confusion
Antiplatelet
Salicylate
NSAID