Immigration & Refugee Core

SDI 2009 Immigration/Refugee Core
ATN
Immigration & Refugee Core
MAGNET DISADVANTAGE
(vs. Immigration Affirmatives)
1NC – Magnet Disad................................................................2
1NC – Magnet Disad................................................................3
1NC – Magnet Disad................................................................4
Magnet Disad – Immigration Decreasing Now........................5
Magnet Disad – Immigration Decreasing Now........................6
Magnet Disad – Social Services Link......................................7
Magnet Disad – Social Services Link......................................8
Magnet Disad – Health Care Link............................................9
Magnet Disad – Turns The Case............................................10
Magnet Disad – Overpopulation Impact Ext..........................13
Magnet Disad – Oil Crunch Impact Module..........................14
Magnet Disad – Oil Crunch Impact Ext.................................15
Magnet Disad – Nuclear Terrorism Impact Module..............16
Magnet Disad – Biological Terrorism Impact Module..........17
Magnet Disad – Mexican Economy Impact Module..............18
IRAQI REFUGEES DISADVANTAGE

(vs. Refugee Affirmatives)
1NC – Iraqi Refugees Disad...................................................19
1NC – Iraqi Refugees Disad...................................................20
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Uniqueness........................................21
Iraqi Refugees Disad – AT: Refugees Returning To Iraq .....22
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Generic Link.....................................23
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Generic Link.....................................24
Iraqi Refugees Disad – TVPA Link.......................................25
Iraqi Refugees Disad – TVPA Link.......................................26
Iraqi Refugees Disad – USCIS Is Normal Means..................27
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Tradeoff Internal Link......................28
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Tradeoff Internal Link......................29
Iraqi Refugees Disad – AT: Iraqis Streamlined Now.............30
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Middle East Instability Internal Link31
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Middle East Instability Impact..........32
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Turns The Case (Generic).................33
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Turns Human Rights Credibility......34
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Turns Refugee Leadership................35
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Turns Sex Trafficking.......................36
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Iraqi Instability Impact Module........37
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Terrorism Impact Module.................38
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Morality Impact................................39
Iraqi Refugees Disad – AT: U.S. Residency Bad...................40
1
SDI 2009 Immigration/Refugee Core
ATN
POLITICS DISADVANTAGE
Politics Disad – Obama Good – Immigration Link................41
Politics Disad – Obama Good – Immigrant Health Care Lnk44
Politics Disad – Obama Good – Refugees Link.....................45
STATES COUNTERPLAN
States Counterplan – Immigration/Refugees Solvency..........46
States Counterplan – Immigration Solvency..........................47
States Counterplan – Immigration Solvency..........................48
REFUGEE KRITIK
1NC – Refugee Kritik.............................................................49
1NC – Refugee Kritik.............................................................50
CASE STUFF
Solvency Frontline – Immigration..........................................51
Solvency Frontline – Immigration..........................................52
Solvency – Other Barriers Ext................................................53
Solvency – Chilling Effect Ext...............................................54
Solvency Frontline – Refugees...............................................55
AT: Human Rights Credibility Advantage.............................56
AFFIRMATIVE STUFF
Aff – Magnet Disad Answers.................................................57
Aff – Iraqi Refugees Disad Answers – RFE Link Turn.........62
Aff – Iraqi Refugees Disad Answers – No Backlog...............63
Aff – Iraqi Refugees Disad Answers – UN Solves................64
Aff – Refugee Kritik Answers................................................65
2
1NC – Magnet Disad
A.) UNIQUENESS – IMMIGRATION IS DECREASING NOW
CSM, 6/25/2009 (Christian Science Monitor, http://features.csmonitor.com/economyrebuild/2009/06/25/economic-scene-how-

recession-has-changed-the-immigration-debate/)
The deep US recession has had one effect that polls say would please most Americans: Illegal immigration is falling. More
illegal immigrants are leaving. Fewer people are sneaking in – perhaps 200,000 a year instead of 500,000 in recent years,
estimates Steven Camarota, an economist at the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington. Thus, America’s illegal
population has fallen from about 12 million in February 2007 to almost 11 million this February, he calculates. So when
immigration becomes a hot topic again – as it will, inevitably – will the recession have shifted the terms of the debate? In some
ways, yes. The US slump proves that immigration is sensitive to economic conditions. It also weakens the argument of pro-immigration
forces that there are some jobs Americans won’t do. Mr. Camarota finds that claim “absurd on its face.” He points to a newly available sampling of 4.7 million
workers in 465 occupations, a massive survey that asks respondents whether they were born in the US. The US-born already hold a clear majority of jobs people
often regard as being left to immigrants, such as housekeeping and grounds-maintenance workers. Only in picking fresh produce do immigrants hold a small
majority. Of course, economics is just one component of the immigration debate. Politics plays a huge role. For example: some 1 million immigrants become US
citizens every year. About 300,000 more of them become Democrats than Republicans. That advantage could be one reason that House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a
Democrat, has blocked several immigration-control bills from coming to the floor, says Roy Beck, executive director of NumbersUSA, a nonprofit advocate for
cutting immigration. Similarly, Senate majority leader Harry Reid (D) of Nevada has been “aggressively pushing amnesty” for illegal immigrants, says Dan Stein,
president of the Federation for American Immigration Reform, another Washington group urging limits on immigration. Critics sometimes call various forms of
amnesty “a Democratic registration program.” The third component of the debate – the demographics – is vital in the long run. In the 1990s, the US had its biggest
10-year jump in population in its history – 32.7 million – and the fastest growth rate since the 1960s. The growth rate has slowed this decade, but the US
is still on track to add some 28 million residents. That’s the elephant in the room, Mr. Beck says.
B.) LINK – THE AFF CREATES A WELFARE MAGNET CAUSING MASSIVE AND UNSUSTAINABLE IMMIGRATION
Borjas, 2002 (George J., Pforzheimer Professor of Public Policy at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, Research
Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, and Estrada Fellow in Immigration Studies at the Center for Immigration
Studies, The Impact of Welfare Reform on Immigrant Welfare Use, Center for Immigration Studies, Center Report, March,
http://www.cis.org/articles/2002/borjas2.htm)
The concern that immigrants may become public charges has always been a central component of the debate over immigration policy in the United States. Two
related issues have dominated recent discussions over the potential link between immigration and welfare. The first is the perception that there was a rapid rise in
the number of immigrants who received public assistance between 1970 and 1990. Although early studies of immigrant participation in welfare programs
concluded that immigrant households had a lower probability of receiving public assistance than U.S.-born households, many studies conducted in the 1990s
documented that this stylized fact was no longer correct — immigrant households had become more likely to receive public assistance than native households.1 By
1996, Borjas and Hilton (1996) reported that if one included both cash and non-cash benefits (such as Medicaid and food stamps) in the definition of welfare,
nearly 21 percent of immigrants received some type of assistance, as compared to only 14 percent of natives. The increased enrollment of immigrants in welfare
programs spawned a rapidly growing literature that attempts to determine if immigrants "pay their way" in the welfare state. This metric, in turn, has become an
important part of any cost-benefit calculation of the economic impact of immigration.2 There is also concern over the possibility that the
relatively generous welfare programs offered by the United States have become a magnet for immigrants. The magnet
hypothesis has several facets. It is possible, for example, that welfare programs attract immigrants who otherwise would not have
migrated to the United States; or that the safety net discourages immigrants who fail in the United States from returning to
their source countries; or that the huge interstate dispersion in welfare benefits affects the residential location choices of immigrants in the United States and
places a heavy fiscal burden on relatively generous states. In short, the welfare state creates a magnet that influences the migration
decisions of persons in the source countries, potentially changing the composition and geographic location of the immigrant population in the United
States in ways that may not be desirable. The potential magnetic effects of welfare raise questions about both the political legitimacy
and the economic viability of the welfare state: Who is entitled to the safety net that American taxpayers pay for? And can the United States afford to
extend that safety net to the rest of the world? Surprisingly, and despite their potential significance, few studies attempt to determine if such magnetic effects exist
or if they are empirically important.3 Continued…
Welfare programs in the United States--though not generous by Western European standards —stack up pretty well when compared to the standard of living in
most of the world's less developed countries. In 1997, the typical TANF household with two children in California could receive a maximum of $6,780 in cash
benefits.22 This household probably qualified for food stamps worth another $3,132 annually. And if this household also participated in the Medicaid program, it
received additional benefits valued at over $2,700. At the same time, per-capita income in China was $3,600, in Colombia it was $6,600, and in the Philippines it
was $3,500.23 Income differences across countries influence a person's decision of whether to move to the United States —
regardless of whether these differences arise in the labor market or in the safety net provided by the welfare state. As a
result, there are valid reasons to be concerned with the possibility that generous welfare programs might attract a particular
type of immigrant. After all, welfare programs will probably attract persons who qualify for subsidies and repel persons who
have to pay for them. A strong magnetic effect, combined with an ineffective border control policy, can literally break the
bank. Put bluntly, the immigration of potential public charges can easily fracture the political legitimacy of the social
contract that created and sustains the welfare state. No group of native citizens can be reasonably expected to pick up the tab
for subsidizing tens of millions of "the huddled masses."
Magnet Disad – Immigration Decreasing Now
GROWTH OF IMMIGRANT POPULATION IS SLOWING – IMMIGRATION IS DOWN
Grand Rapids Press, 2009 (May 17)
Deterred by immigration laws and the lackluster economy, the population growth of Hispanics and Asians in the U.S. has
slowed, causing the government to push back estimates on when minorities will become the majority by as much as a decade. Census data released Thursday
also showed fewer Hispanics were migrating to suburbs and newly emerging immigrant areas in the Southeast, including Arkansas, Tennessee and Georgia, staying
put, instead, in traditional gateway locations, such as California. Minority numbers rise The nation's overall minority population continues to rise steadily, adding
2.3 percent in 2008 to 104.6 million, or 34 percent of the total population. But the slowdown among Hispanics and Asians continues to shift
conventional notions on when the tipping point in U.S. diversity will come -- estimated to occur more than three decades from now. Black
growth rates remain somewhat flat. Thirty-six states had lower Hispanic growth in 2008 compared with the year before. The declines were in places where the
housing bubble burst, such as Nevada and Arizona, which lost construction jobs that tend to attract immigrants. Other decreases were seen in new immigrant
destinations in the Southeast, previously seen as offering good manufacturing jobs in lower-cost cities compared to the pricier Northeast. In contrast, cities in
California, Illinois and New Jersey showed gains. In Arkansas, manufacturing and poultry companies have cut hours and workers, leaving a growing number of
Hispanics unable to cover their mortgage payments, said Maribel Tapia, a housing counselor in Fayetteville, Ark. Fathers are moving out of state, where other
relatives have lines on menial jobs that support the families they leave behind, she said. Police in northwest Arkansas created an immigration task force with the
help of U.S. immigration agents. "I don't think it's more likely they're going back to Mexico or El Salvador or wherever they're from," she said. "They're just
calling different family members in different states and asking around about work. They just pack up and move." Political outcomes The political effects can be
high. Minorities turned out in record numbers last November to vote, largely for Democrat Barack Obama, and Hispanic groups are now flexing their growing clout
in future elections as they push immigration reform. More than a dozen states also stand to gain or lose House seats after the 2010 census, depending on last-minute
shifts in population. "Not just whites are staying put, but minorities are staying put and immigrants are staying put," said Mark Mather, associate vice president of
the nonprofit Population Reference Bureau, citing in part a declining economy that has locked the U.S. population largely in place. "I was surprised the
drop in Hispanic growth rates wasn't bigger given the decline in immigration," he said. "Government policy will certainly have a major
effect on future race and ethnic composition, if Congress takes some action on immigration reform."
Magnet Disad – Immigration Decreasing Now
IMMIGRATION IS DECREASING – BORDER PATROL APPREHENSIONS PROVE
Associated Press, 6/16/2009 (http://www.newsmax.com/us/us_immigration_drop/2009/06/16/225850.html)
The number of Border Patrol apprehensions nationwide dropped for a third consecutive year, falling more than 17 percent
to a level not seen since 1973, according to new government data. The U.S. Border Patrol — charged with catching illegal immigrants near the nation's
boundaries — had 724,000 apprehensions in 2008, according to the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Immigration Statistics. That's down from nearly
1.2 million in 2005. Ninety-seven percent of those apprehensions were on the southwest border with Mexico and 91 percent of those caught were Mexican. The
report cited the slow U.S. economy and tougher border security as possible factors contributing to the drop. The number of apprehensions
hit its highest level in 1986, when Border Patrol made nearly 1.7 million apprehensions.
THE CURRENT ECONOMIC CLIMATE IS DRIVING DECREASED IMMIGRATION
Bogan, 7/2/2009 (Jesse, Staff Writer and Reporter for Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/2009/07/02/illegal-immigration-
unemployment-business-mexico-remittances.html)
In light of unsettling unemployment figures released Thursday, consider buying one of the estimated 8 million illegal immigrants in the U.S. a beer this Fourth of
July. The effects of 9.5% unemployment would be worse without them, says Gordon Hanson, director of the Center on Pacific Economies at the University of
California San Diego, describing illegal immigrants as "shock absorbers." Article Controls "The pronounced cyclicality of the employment of immigrants means
less pronounced cyclicality in the employment of native workers," Hanson says. An estimated 200,000 to 600,000 illegal immigrants have lost
their jobs in the past two years, perhaps 60% of them from Mexico. "Those are the workers who are easiest to hire; those are the
workers who are easiest to fire," he says. "Because the immigrants account for a disproportionate share of the increase in
employment on the upswing, in part because they are concentrated in construction, that means there is a weaker fall in demand for
labor for everyone else during the downswing." The kicker? "For those low-skilled workers who have seen wage declines as a
result of illegal immigration, they are not better off, but the rest of us very well may be." With the job market for immigrants weak, fewer people are
crossing the Southern border of the U.S.; it's also slashing into the billions of dollars sent home. In the first five months of 2009, Mexicans working abroad sent
$9.2 billion home, down from $10.3 billion for the same period in 2008, Mexico's central bank reported Wednesday. May and April were particularly lean, with the
value of remittances dropping 20% and 19%, respectively, compared to the same months last year, reportedly the steepest fall since the bank started keeping track
of the numbers in 1995. At a Houston food shop, a 36-year-old cook from Mexico told Forbes that job losses, cutbacks in hours and fears of being
fired are reasons why Mexicans, one of the largest immigrant groups in the U.S., are sending less money home. Speaking from behind
a sandwich counter, the mother of three, who is a cook at her first job and a supervisor of 15 janitors at her second, said her hours have been cut back about 10%
amid a feeling of uncertainty. Members of the cleaning crew she manages, many of whom make about $7.50 an hour, are worried about keeping their part-time
jobs. The bright side, however, is that they have jobs, ones that pay more per hour than some at home pay in a day. To anyone considering the trip north, she
warns, "I don't recommend that more people come." In Mexico, entire towns of men have immigrated to support their families. They send a serious amount of
money home: Between 2004 and 2005, Mexicans abroad sent home $116 billion. Remittances to Mexico average about $350 per transfer. There was a 3.6%
decline in remittances to 2008 to $25 billion, the first drop in more than a decade. There appear to be fewer people crossing the border. The
U.S. Border Patrol reports that apprehensions along the Southern border were down 27% in May compared to the same month last
year. Over the first five months of the year, apprehensions fell 41% to 270,368 people compared with the same period a year ago. The border patrol, which has
bolstered its ranks from 9,000 agents to 19,000 agents since 2000, believes it's also deterring more people from crossing. "Hopefully, when they see all that
technology and personnel, they'll think it's not worth it," says Steven Cribby, a Washington, D.C.-based spokesman for the patrol.
Magnet Disad – Social Services Link
SOCIAL SERVICE INCREASES TRIGGER A FLOOD OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION
Gray, 2006 (Becki, Chief Policy Analyst at the Civitas Institute, Higher Minimum Wage Would Be Magnet for Illegal
Immigrants, September 12, http://www.wsoctv.com/politics/9829933/detail.html)
There has been considerable debate in committee meetings and in the House and Senate chambers about raising the minimum wage rate in North Carolina.
Proponents see it as a way to help the working poor. Small businesses complain about the additional burden it would place on them. Families are concerned about
the impact it would have on teenagers’ summer jobs. Economists argue about the impact it may or may not have on the economy. What no one is talking about,
however, is the appeal raising the minimum wage would have on attracting more illegal immigrants to North Carolina. The impact on
the state from additional illegal immigrants could be shocking. How many more illegal workers can the state support? How much more
Medicaid benefits can be provided? How many more social services can the state provide? How many more children of
illegal immigrants can the school systems educate? How many more jobs can be provided? Raising the minimum wage, in addition to
the other benefits provided by the state, could encourage a greater number of illegal immigrants to come to North Carolina. Keeping the minimum wage at the
current rate of $5.15 per hour won’t end the allure for illegal immigrants, but it won’t encourage more to come. In the Senate Budget Bill (SB 1741), and in a free-
standing bill before the House (HB 2174), legislators want to raise the minimum wage to $6.15 per hour, one dollar more than the federal rate. This would make
North Carolina’s minimum wage the highest of surrounding states, the highest between Florida and New Jersey, and the 14th highest in the country. Six states have
no minimum wage state laws. They let the free market determine what workers are paid. Twenty-seven states (N.C. currently among them) adhere to the rate set by
the federal government — $5.15 per hour. Nineteen states have minimum wages higher than the federal level (N.C. would join these states). Of the five states with
the highest illegal populations (estimated, no one really knows), four have minimum wage rates higher than North Carolina. The fifth is Texas, which many would
argue is a magnet for illegals, regardless of its minimum wage, because of its proximity to Mexico. Ten million illegal immigrants live in the United States,
although some estimates put that number at 20 million. They come to escape extreme poverty and poor living conditions. They come to America to work, and many
send money back home to their families. North Carolina’s illegal immigrant population is estimated at 400,000- 600,000. They come here because of the
generous Medicaid benefits, a plethora of social services, schools for their children, easy drivers’ license requirements, lax voting laws, and most
importantly, jobs. Most illegals fill the lowest paying jobs the market has to offer. Who benefits when the pay for these jobs is raised? The workers at the bottom of
the pay scale, and a great many of them are illegal immigrants. Not only would the illegal immigrant workforce benefit immediately, but, since North Carolina
would be offering the highest minimum wage in the region, the $6.15 starting pay rate would be a magnet for illegals to choose North Carolina as their new, albeit
illegal, home. Last year the legislature proposed offering in-state tuition to illegal immigrants. Now these same legislators want to raise the minimum wage for jobs
that would most benefit illegals. Why does the leadership in the General Assembly continue to want to provide more and more benefits to people who are here
illegally — all paid at taxpayers’ expense? When low skilled illegal workers flood the workplace, the value of all low skilled workers
is diminished — it hurts American workers. A minimum wage keeps rates artificially low, and since there are more workers
than jobs available, unemployment goes up. When unemployment goes up, there is more demand for social services and
welfare. Until meaningful immigration reforms are established, making North Carolina more attractive to illegal workers, by raising the minimum wage, is bad
public and economic policy.
SOCIAL SERVICES CREATE A MANGNETIC EFFECT THAT ENSURES MASSIVE IMMIGRATION
Facchini and Mayda, 2009 (Giovanni, Professor of Economics at RSM Erasmus University, Anna Maria, Assistant Professor in
the School of Foreign Service and Department of Economics at Georgetown University, Review of Economics and Statistics,
May)
A large portion of the discussion is fueled by the income-distribution consequences of immigration. Native workers are concerned about new immigrants of similar
skill levels because they are wary of increasing competition, 3 inducing downward pressure on their incomes and contributing to the growing feeling of uncertainty
that accompanies globalization. 4 On the other hand, native workers welcome immigrants who complement them in the labor market. A second and not less
important dimension of the debate is represented by the welfare-state channel. In fact, the very existence in many destination
countries of redistributive social insurance programs is likely to have a magnetic effect on some unskilled immigrants,
interested not only in new job opportunities, but also in the benefits that come in the form of subsidized healthcare,
unemployment compensation, or provisions concerning dependants. 5 While this type of labor flow is likely to represent a net burden for the
public finances of the host countries, in general migration can have the opposite effect on the welfare state, for example, when migrants are skilled. Regardless of
whether immigration represents a net cost or benefit for public finances, adjustments in the redistribution carried out by the welfare state are unavoidable.
Importantly, this paper shows that the type of response carried out by the welfare state is a key determinant of the effect of immigration on various subgroups of the
population and, as a consequence, on individual opinions about migration. To shed light on these issues, we develop a theoretical framework of individual attitudes
toward migration in which the labor market and welfare state interact with each other as drivers of opinions.
Magnet Disad – Social Services Link
TARGETING SOCIAL SERVICES TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS GUARANTEES ESCALATING WAVES OF IMMIGRATION
Karth, 2009 (Danielle, Freelance Journalist, http://www.helium.com/items/890432-why-illegal-immigrants-in-the-us-should-not-

receive-government-benefits)
Illegal immigrants come to this country for a better life. Once here some do jobs that you and I don't want to do, while others take jobs from people like you and I
because they will work a job for less money. Many have babies, and live off of government assistant for their large number of children and their medical expenses.
This is something that should stop. Encouraging More Immigrants. Providing a safety net for immigrants makes it so that more
and more of them desire to come. After all, here they receive money for their children, they get health care for them as well as for
pregnancies, they receive food stamps, and have a great deal of other benefits. This encourages more illegal immigrants to
come into the country. There are few repercussions to illegal immigration, why would they not want to come? They get government aid, jobs, and are left to
live here in the States. They Don't Pay For It. As working Americans we pay for government assistance in the form of taxes. Each paycheck we see the evidence
and feel the burn. It is one thing for us to pay to take care of our own, but we are also paying to take care of people who have come here illegally. They aren't
supposed to be here, but now that they are, we have to pay for it. We have to pay for the fact that they don't make as much money, have two or three times as many
kids, and often work for cash. They don't pay taxes on jobs they work illegally. Instead they get paid under the table, for cash, or without payroll. Those that hire
them often call them self employed and leave taxes up to them, which of course they don't pay. Illegal. We work hard to uphold most of the laws of this nation. We
try to stop thieves, murderers, and even traffic violators. However, we do nothing to stop the illegal immigrants. They are illegal and as such should not be
encouraged to stay. They should not be taken care of, feed by our government, or treated by our hospitals. Instead they should be sent back to
their country or arrested for their illegal activities. My views may seem harsh, and they are not views I have had for long. Being from Michigan, the number of
illegal immigrants I came in contact with were very few. However, even their my experience left a negative taste in my mouth. There illegal immigrants will work
in the Christmas tree farms. Many of them pay to come to America. They work hard making $15-35 an hour a million hours a summer. When the Christmas tree
season is over they ship down tons of items they have bought. They send two guys in the car they purchased or they ditch it. They call up authorities and get a first
class flight back to Mexico. Now I live in Texas. A land that has a great number of illegal immigrants. Some of them beg and make lots of money on the street
corners. More are employed at good jobs because they will work for less money. Many work in the oil rigs where they have a great need for workers. Their wives
claim food stamps, health care, and their children go to school. Americans pay for them to eat, go to the doctor, and to be educated. Where and when will it end?
SOCIAL PROGRAMS ATTRACT INCREASED IMMIGRATION
Malanga, 2008 (Steven, Senior Fellow at the Manhattan Institute, Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Economic Issues”, 13 th
Edition, p.238-239)
Immigration's bottom line has shifted so sharply that in a high-immigration state like California, native-born residents are paying up to ten times more in state and
local taxes than immigrants generate in economic benefits. Moreover, the cost is only likely to grow as the foreign-born population -- which has already
mushroomed from about 9 percent of the U.S. population when the NAS studies were done in the late 1990s to about 12 percent today -- keeps growing. . . . This
sharp turnaround since the 1970s, when immigrants were less likely to be using the social programs of the Great Society than the native-born population, says
Harvard economist Borjas, suggests that welfare and other social programs are a magnet drawing certain types of immigrants --
nonworking women, children, and the elderly -- and keeping them here when they run into difficulty.
Magnet Disad – Health Care Link
Increases in healthcare fuels illegal immigration into the U.S. – also turns the case
ARC 8 – Academic Resources Council
[http://www.academon.com/lib/paper/105021.html]cn
healthcare being provided to illegal immigrants is generating financial strains on the system, as well as
The paper contends that
bringing about an influx of contagious diseases into the country. The paper provides statistics that show how the costs of providing
healthcare to illegal immigrants is becoming prohibitive. The paper posits that the only effective solution is to require proof of citizenship before
providing healthcare and to prohibit it to illegal immigrants except in emergency situations, with deportation once they recover. From the Paper: "According to
Padden (2006) an immigration reform bill introduced in the U.S.Congress by Congressman Tancredo of Colorado would make it a crime to provide health care or
other social services to illegal immigrants. Tancredo acknowledges the complex moral and ethical issues involved in prohibiting healthcare, but contends
that "denying social services to them is something you have to do to stop the magnet effect that all of these combined things have,
the health care, free schooling. This is all a magnet that draws people into this country and I'm trying to demagnetize it." Tancredo's bill has
not been passed into law as of yet, but there is increasing support in Washington and across the United States for tough legislation of this kind, for the problem
of illegal immigrant healthcare costs keeps intensifying."
Magnet Disad – Turns The Case
DISAD TURNS THE CASE – MAGNETIC IMMIGRATION OVERBURDENS SOCIAL SERVICES AND LOCKS IN A CYCLE OF POVERTY
Espenshade et al, 1997 (Thomas J., Michael Fix, Wendy Zimmerman, Thomas Corbett, “Immigration and Social Policy: New
Interest in an Old Issue”, University of Wisconsin Madison Institute for Research on Poverty, Focus Vol. 18 No. 2, Fall/Winter)
Title IV of the act, containing several provisions that affect both legal and illegal immigrants, reflects these philosophical inconsistencies. By denying
federally funded public benefits to newly arrived legal immigrants for the first five years they are in the country (albeit with individual and program
exceptions), the welfare legislation makes a sharp distinction between U.S. citizens and noncitizens , irrespective of their legal right to
reside in the United States. (Policy makers have hitherto made few distinctions between legal permanent residents and citizens, instead drawing a line between legal
and illegal immigrants.) There are several arguments made in support of this set of policies. First is that the generosity of the U.S. social safety net
serves as a magnet to the disadvantaged of other nations, particularly those countries with underdeveloped economies and
public sectors. In consequence, excessive immigration results in stagnating real wages and destructive job competition in the
secondary labor market, as well as increased tax burdens stemming from greater demand for services, from education to
welfare.21 It is also claimed that the sponsors of immigrants have been shirking their responsibility to provide financial support;
this trend would be reversed if the government did not provide assistance. And the same argument that has ended entitlement of
native-born families to welfare is directed against immigrants: that public assistance becomes a crutch that inhibits immigrants
from adapting more quickly to the nation’s culture and from seeking productive work.
Social services attract illegal immigrants and lock them into an inescapable cycle of poverty that leads to
organized crime and violence
Gorak 8 – Dave, executive director of the Midwest Coalition to Reduce Immigration
[Summer, http://www.thesocialcontract.com/artman2/publish/tsc_18_4/tsc_18_4_gorak.shtml]cn
Using plenty of statistics — but not so many as to make one’s eyes glaze over — the authors leave no doubt in the reader’s mind that our present immigration
policy has become a nightmare that won’t end until our politicians begin to take seriously the public’s growing disgust with mass immigration. The people we’ve
been sending to Washington to represent our interests are more concerned with kissing up to the Mexican government and not offending Hispanics than they are
with fulfilling their responsibilities to their constituents, a majority of whom continue to tell them they have had it with large numbers of foreigners — more than
half of them from Mexico — pouring into thiscountry. These immigrants, while like previous newcomers in certain respects, are in fact
dramatically different because they have the luxury of a welfare safety net to prop them up if they fail to achieve their version of a
better life. This luxury wasn’t available to many of the 24 million immigrants who came here during the 1880–1924 “Great Wave”
but returned to their own countries during economic downturns. Malanga writes, for example, that almost 60 percent of foreigners in this country during the Great
Depression packed up and left. In short, immigrants in the past arrived willing to risk all for the opportunity to better themselves; today’s arrivals come with
a sense of entitlement because of the services now available to them, including “free” education and health care and (in certain states) driver’s
licenses and in-state tuition rates. Our government’s willingness to spare no effort to coddle Hispanics, which includes refusing to enforce its own immigration
laws, has done much to shatter the unity and quality of life in many communities, including Selma, Calif., Hanson’s own hometown. What’s taken place in Selma
during the past 50 years led to Hanson’s celebrated work, Mexifornia. Hanson writes that since illegal immigration became a flood in the quiet valley in which he
lives, five drivers have driven into his vineyard causing thousands of dollars in damage. “Our farmhouse in the Central Valley has been broken into three times. We
used to have an open yard; now it is walled, with steel gates on the driveway.” Most notably, the authors say, the majority of today’s immigrants are
poorly educated and unskilled and contribute nothing to an economy that’s increasingly knowledge driven. As a result, they remain
in low-paying service sector jobs that are a dead-end street for them and their descendants. Europeans during the last century,
however, brought with them important skills needed in a growing young country that offered the potential for personal
advancement. This lack of upward mobility in the Hispanic community, MacDonald writes, is helping to fuel crime rates and
increased membership in gangs that have grown more organized and violent. All three writers agree that the assimilation process that worked
so well in the past is virtually nonexistent among Hispanics, who also bring with them negative attitudes toward education and the English language. Thanks to
multiculturalists and our own government, Hispanics are encouraged to retain their own culture at the same time our schools are teaching them that their new
country has much to be ashamed of. What can be done to deal with the problems associated with today’s laughable and dangerous
immigration policy? Malanga offers this two-part solution: First, this country has to wise up and follow the examples of countries like Canada, Ireland, and
Australia that have de-emphasized the outdated idea of family reunification in favor of admitting those immigrants with skills beneficial to their respective
economies. Second, the U.S. must also turn off the welfare magnet.
INCREASED IMMIGRATION DOOMS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL SERVICES – TURNS THE CASE
Kolb, 2008 (Holger, University of Osnabruck, “Entrance Fees for Migrants: A Fair and Efficient Proposal for Immigration Policy
Reform”, IMISCOE Policy Brief No. 11, August)
Scarce services provided by nation states Western nation states typically provide for their inhabitants in the face of life’s basic risks – poverty, unemployment,
disability, sickness, old age, the need for caretaking. They do this by implementing schemes that compensate the consequent losses in income that such risks often
entail. Such safeguarding applies to all state members, irrespective of their prior earnings or present economic capacities. States also ensure the physical integrity of
their members by setting up a ‘security infrastructure’ in the form of a police force, law enforcement agencies, etc. Being a member of a state thus automatically
entails a number of social provisions and protection through its physical security schemes. It is easy to conclude that the nation state is a precious resource, for
membership in it allows access to a bundle of scarce goods and state-provided services. The provision of these services is characterised by a low degree of
excludability, meaning that it is very difficult (and expensive) to exclude state members from using them. Moreover, social security benefits are particularly
susceptible to rivalry: the utilisation of a service by one member may influence another member’s opportunity to take advantage of the same service. Controlling
immigration to protect the provision of state services Concretely speaking, immigration produces an increase in the number of
beneficiaries of state-provided services. More recipients could mean a lessening in service quality and/or limited
accessibility for the state’s original members. This seems to be the logic behind common fears of the social welfare system’s
‘magnetic effect’ and discourse on ‘immigration into the social systems’. In response, states cannot accept free immigration.
Instead, they install comprehensive screening mechanisms to identify new members who will potentially rival for scarce social services.
INCREASED IMMIGRATIONS RESULTS IN MORE POVERTY
Rector, 2008 (Robert. Senior Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, Poverty: Opposing Viewpoints Series, p. 96)
These data indicate that the current influx of low-skill immigrants will raise poverty in the U.S. not merely at the present time, but for
generations to come. Current low-skill immigrants will raise both the absolute number of poor persons and the poverty rate in the
U.S. for the foreseeable future. The greater the inflow of low-skill immigrants, the greater the long-term increase in poverty will be.
DISAD TURNS THE CASE – CAUSES A DRASTIC INCREASE IN POVERTY
Camarota, 2009 (Steven, Director of Research at the Center for Immigration Studies, Urban Issues, 4th Edition, p. 17)
There is a good deal of

There is no evidence of a labor shortage, especially at the bottom end of the labor market where immigrants are most concentrated....
research showing that immigration has contributed to the decline in employment and wages for less-educated natives.... All
research indicates that less-educated immigrants consume much more in government services than they pay in taxes. Thus,
not only does such immigration harm America's poor, it also burdens taxpayers. (ellipses are in the original)
DISAD TURNS THE CASE
Rector, 2008 (Robert, Senior Research Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, Congressional Testimony, September 25)
America is currently experiencing near record levels of immigration. Each year roughly 1.5 million legal and illegal immigrants enter and take up residence in the
U.S. Currently one in eight Americans is foreign born. One in ten Mexicans lives in the U.S. Today's immigrants are disproportionately poorly educated. This
occurs because illegal immigration primarily attracts low skill workers and the legal immigration system favors kinship ties over
skill levels. As result, one third of all adult immigrants lack a high school degree, compared to only nine percent of non-immigrants.
There is a common misconception that the low education levels of recent immigrants are part of a permanent historical pattern, and that the U.S. has always
admitted immigrants who were poorly educated relative to the native born population. Historically, this was not the case. Throughout most of U.S. history, the
education level of immigrants was equal to, or greater than, that of non-immigrants. The steady influx of low skill (without a high school degree)
and semi-skilled (with only a high school degree) immigrants inevitably leads to increases in the number of poor persons in
the U.S. Low and semi-skilled immigrants and their families now comprise almost one fifth of all poor persons in the U.S.
While there is a common myth that immigrants use little welfare, in reality, immigrants are heavy users of welfare services. In FY 2008, low and semi-skilled
immigrants received some $90 billion in means-tested welfare aid. This high level of welfare receipt is especially striking since many in this group are illegal
immigrants currently barred from welfare use. Welfare expenditures would rise even more strongly if illegal immigrants are granted
amnesty and eventual access to the welfare system. Current immigration inflows operate against normal social goals and
policies. While society seeks to reduce poverty and dependence, current immigration increases both. Immigration practices, both
legal and illegal, operate like a system of trans- national welfare outreach bringing millions of poor and fiscally dependent individuals into the U.S. Immigration
policy and practice must be redirected with a new focus on reducing poverty and welfare. Any new policy should seek to benefit, not burden, the taxpayer.
Residence in the U.S. offers enormous economic opportunities and societal benefits. Hundreds of millions more people would immigrate to the
U.S. if they had the opportunity. Given this context, the U.S. must be selective in its immigration policy. In the future, U.S.
immigration policy should encourage high-skill immigration and strictly limit poverty-generating low-skill immigration. In
general, government policy should limit immigration to those who will be net fiscal contributors, avoiding those who will
increase poverty and impose new costs on overburdened U.S. taxpayers.
Magnet Disad – Overpopulation Impact Ext.
Magnet Disad – Oil Crunch Impact Module
Magnet Disad – Oil Crunch Impact Ext.
Magnet Disad – Nuclear Terrorism Impact Module
Magnet Disad – Biological Terrorism Impact Module
Increased Immigration Causes influx of terrorists with bioweapons

Sam Francis, 2001
(Syndicated Columnist, Immigration Reform: No, 11-15, http://www.vdare.com/francis/bush_amnesty_si.htm)
It's been like pulling teeth, but the reality of the alien terrorist threat within the United States is finally forcing even the pro-immigration
Bush administration to recognize the suicidal folly of tolerating mass immigration from countries and cultures profoundly different from
our own. Last week the president himself uttered the first words that indicate he's starting to perceive where the real danger comes
from. [Read transcript , listen via RealAudio.] Acknowledging that "never did we realize that people would take advantage of our
generosity to the extent that they have," Mr. Bush ticked off a list of changes in how the country would receive—or not receive—
immigrants in the future. Tighter visa security and procedures, the most popular mantra of the hour, were high on the list, but so were new regulations forbidding the entry of
suspected and potential terrorists. Later in the week, Attorney General John Ashcroft unveiled a new list of 46 more groups for the list of known terrorist organizations. This is progress,
sort of. Apparently it requires immense concentration of mind and steely girding of loins for the ruling class to see that letting just about anyone who wants to come
here enter the country and wander about at will is really not a good idea in itself, let alone the most effective way to deter foreign
terrorists. Even with the new announcements, the president had to pause every other sentence to explain that he's really not against
immigration per se. Although we need to "tighten up the visas," Mr. Bush also insisted "that's not to say we're not going to let people come into our country; of
course we are." Then again, just because some people we let into our country are evil and need to be "brought to justice," "by far the vast majority of people who have come to America
are really good, decent people—people that we're proud to have here." Maybe so, but it ought to be unnecessary for the president to have to keep saying it. No doubt most of the people
of Afghanistan are "really good, decent people" as well, but neither the president nor the military leaders planning the bombing campaign feel the necessity to tell us so. As for the late
and unlamented "amnesty for illegal Mexican immigrants," that dominated the news prior to Sept. 11, it turns out that amnesty is not quite as late as some had thought. "It's not dead,"
says White House press secretary Ari Fleischer, but due to "other duties," drawing up the amnesty plan just "has not moved at the pace the president had hoped it would move." What all
of this means is that the ruling class in general and the Bush administration in particular have not really changed their minds about immigration one iota. It's just that they have at least
enough political sense to grasp that most Americans know immigration is a major reason why we have foreign terrorism at all, why we are having to
worry about continuing anthrax attacks, why we need to keep worrying about what immigrant terrorists are planning to do to us in the future, and why the FBI and similar
agencies keep issuing warnings about imminent terrorist attacks . If there were no Arabic or Muslim immigrants here, if those here who are clearly
sympathetic to terrorism or are clearly anti-American in their religious and political views were kicked out, there would not be much of a
terrorist threat at all.
B) Extinction
John Steinbrenner, Senoir Fellow at the Brookings Institute,
12-22-97, Foreign Policy, lexis
Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear explosives and lethal chemicals as potential weapons of mass destruction,
there is an obvious, fundamentally important difference: Pathogens are alive, weapons are not. Nuclear and chemical weapons do not reproduce
themselves and do not independently engage in adaptive behavior; pathogens do both of these things. That deceptively simple observation has immense implications. The use of a
manufactured weapon is a singular event. Most of the damage occurs immediately. The aftereffects, whatever they may be, decay rapidly over time and distance in a reasonably
predictable manner. Even before a nuclear warhead is detonated, for instance, it is possible to estimate the extent of the subsequent damage and the likely level of radioactive fallout.
Such predictability is an essential component for tactical military planning. The use of a pathogen, by contrast, is an extended process whose scope and
timing cannot be precisely controlled. For most potential biological agents, the predominant drawback is that they would not act swiftly or decisively enough to be an
effective weapon. But for a few pathogens - ones most likely to have a decisive effect and therefore the ones most likely to be contemplated for deliberately hostile use - the risk runs in
the other direction. A lethal pathogen that could efficiently spread from one victim to another would be capable of initiating an intensifying
cascade of disease that might ultimately threaten the entire world population. The 1918 influenza epidemic demonstrated the potential
for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit.
Magnet Disad – Mexican Economy Impact Module
1NC – Iraqi Refugees Disad
U.S. bringing in Iraqi refugees now, but funding and organization are tight
AP 9 – Associated Press
[Jun 17, http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=978769&lang=eng_news]cn
MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WERE DISPLACED BY THE WAR IN IRAQ. THE UNITED STATES HAS INCREASED THE NUMBER OF REFUGEES BEING
RESETTLED FROM 200 IN 2006 TO ABOUT 17,000 THIS YEAR. THE COMMISSION SAID THE U.S. PROGRAM NEEDS CHANGES IN BOTH ORGANIZATION AND
FUNDING BECAUSE OF PROBLEMS HEIGHTENED BY THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC DOWNTURN AND BECAUSE THE HIGHLY
EDUCATED POPULATION HAS SPECIAL NEEDS. OTHER REFUGEES RESETTLED IN THE UNITED STATES FACE SIMILAR PROBLEMS, BUT THE IRAQIS HAVE HIGH LEVELS OF
TRAUMA, INJURY AND DEATH THAT MAKES THEIR SITUATION MORE PRECARIOUS, THE REPORT SAID. "MOREOVER, A LARGE NUMBER OF
RESETTLED IRAQIS ARE ALSO WIDOWS, MOST WITH YOUNG CHILDREN, WHO ARRIVE HERE GRIEVING AND ALONE," IT SAID. "THESE
WIDOWS, INCLUDING MANY WHO HAVE NO EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE, ARE EXPECTED TO FIND A JOB AND SUPPORT THEMSELVES AND THEIR FAMILIES SHORTLY AFTER ARRIVAL."
An influx of new refugee cases will tradeoff with more difficult, backlogged cases, ensuring they never get
addressed
CIS 7 – Citizenship and Immigration Services
[Jun, http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/CISOMB_Annual_Report_2007.pdf]cn
THE CURRENT DRIVE TO COMPLETE LARGE NUMBERS OF CASES PRESENTS

THE OMBUDSMAN FULLY SUPPORTS USCIS EFFORTS TO QUICKLY AND EFFICIENTLY COMPLETE THE CASES. HOWEVER,
PROBLEMS. FOR EXAMPLE, USCIS PROVIDES FIELD OFFICES RESOURCES BASED ON WHAT IS NEEDED TO COMPLETE A TYPICAL
CASE. IT IS THE OMBUDSMAN’S UNDERSTANDING THAT IF FIELD OFFICES HAVE A WORKLOAD OF 1,000 CASES AND USCIS DETERMINES EACH CASE USUALLY TAKES ONE HOUR TO COMPLETE, USCIS WILL PROVIDE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR 1,000 HOURS.
CASES THAT TAKE LONGER THAN AN HOUR TO COMPLETE ARE NOT PROVIDED ADDITIONAL RESOURCES IN THE OFFICE’S
BUDGET. OFFICES WITH MORE THAN THE AVERAGE NUMBERS OF DIFFICULT CASES OR OFFICES THAT TRY TO WORK THE DIFFICULT CASES THOROUGHLY WILL NOT
BE ADEQUATELY FUNDED BECAUSE THE NUMBER OF COMPLETIONS WILL BE LOW. MEANWHILE, OFFICES THAT PUSH TO COMPLETE THE EASY CASES WILL SEE THEIR
BUDGETS GROW. ONE FIELD OFFICE VISITED BY THE OMBUDSMAN HAS A LARGE NUMBER OF LONG-PENDING CASES WHICH REQUIRE SUBSTANTIAL ADJUDICATOR HOURS. HOWEVER, OFFICERS AT THAT OFFICE INDICATE THAT THEY
CANNOT ADDRESS THE OLDER, DIFFICULT CASES WITHOUT NEGATIVELY AFFECTING THEIR PRODUCTIVITY REPORT TO USCIS
HEADQUARTERS. RECOMMENDATION AR 2007 -- 02 THE OMBUDSMAN HAS OBSERVED THAT NEWER CASES ARE PROCESSED MORE QUICKLY WHILE CASES MORE THAN SIX
MONTHS OLD ARE INCREASINGLY BACKLOGGED. THE OMBUDSMAN SUPPORTS THE USCIS DRIVE TO MAXIMIZE CASE COMPLETIONS, BUT ATTENTION NEEDS TO BE
DIRECTED AT CLEARING OLDER CASES.
The backlog consists of Iraqi refugee applications – the U.S. is processing them now, but their inherent
complexity and difficulty means they’d be pushed to the back
Reuters 7
[Sept 19, http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N19292305.htm]cn
THE U S
APPOINTED SENIOR OFFICIALS ON WEDNESDAY TO CLEAR HURDLES TO ADMITTING REFUGEES FROM IRAQ, FOLLOWING SHARP CRITICISM THAT
NITED TATES
U.S. WAR. THE UNITED STATES HAS ADMITTED ONLY 990 REFUGEES FROM IRAQ SINCE LAST OCT. 1 -- LESS
IT HAD NEGLECTED PEOPLE WHO RISKED THEIR LIVES TO HELP THE
THAN ONE PERCENT OF MORE THAN 10,000 REFUGEES ALLOCATED TO THE UNITED STATES FOR ADMISSION BY THE U.N. HIGH
COMMISSIONER ON REFUGEES , A U.S. OFFICIAL SAID. FOR THE TWO NEW POSTS, SECRETARY OF STATE CONDOLEEZZA RICE NAMED DIPLOMAT JAMES FOLEY SENIOR COORDINATOR FOR IRAQI REFUGEE ISSUES AND HOMELAND SECURITY SECRETARY MICHAEL
A FORMER U.S. AMBASSADOR TO HAITI, IS TASKED WITH ENSURING THAT "ANY BUREAUCRATIC
CHERTOFF TAPPED IMMIGRATION LAW EXPERT LORI SCIALABBA AS SENIOR ADVISOR. FOLEY,
ROADBLOCKS THAT COME UP ARE BEING HANDLED APPROPRIATELY," SAID STATE DEPARTMENT DEPUTY SPOKESMAN TOM CASEY. HE SAID RICE SOUGHT A
"BUREAUCRATIC BRICK-BREAKER" TO WORK WITH THE IRAQ REFUGEE AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS TASK
FORCE AND OTHER AGENCIES TO CLEAR THE REFUGEE BACKLOG. MORE THAN 4,309 INTERVIEWS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED THUS FAR, AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
EXPECTED TO HAVE INTERVIEWED APPROXIMATELY 4,500 IRAQI REFUGEES BY THE END OF THIS MONTH, CHERTOFF SAID IN A STATEMENT. "YET WE ALSO MUST BE MINDFUL OF THE SECURITY RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ADMITTING REFUGEES FROM WAR-TORN COUNTRIES,
RESTRICTIVE SECURITY PROCEDURES IMPOSED SINCE THE SEPT. 11 ATTACKS TO ENSURE

ESPECIALLY COUNTRIES INFILTRATED BY LARGE NUMBERS OF TERRORISTS," CHERTOFF SAID.
INCOMING REFUGEES DO NOT INCLUDE ISLAMIST MILITANTS HAVE SLOWED IRAQI REFUGEE ADMISSIONS, SAID ELLEN SAUERBREY, ASSISTANT
SECRETARY OF STATE FOR POPULATION , REFUGEES AND MIGRATION.
1NC – Iraqi Refugees Disad
Lack of asylum for Iraqi refugees ensures radicalization that leads to widespread instability in the
MidEast and Iraq
Senanayake 7 – Sumedha, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty staff
[Jul 19, http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1077719.html]cn
IRAQ'S NEIGHBORS STRUGGLE WITH THE FLOOD OF REFUGEES,

WHILE . HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS BEMOAN THE LACK OF FUNDING FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO HELP THEM
THE CREATION OF A - "HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE VACUUM" POTENTIALLY OPENS THE DOOR FOR ARMED GROUPS TO
SO CALLED
ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLD WITHIN THE REFUGEE POPULATIONS. IF THE GAZA STRIP IS ANY INDICATION, THEN THESE ARE LEGITIMATE CONCERNS. THE
ISLAMIST ORGANIZATION HAMAS EMERGED AS THE PREEMINENT MOVEMENT AMONG PALESTINIANS IN THE GAZA STRIP, NOT ONLY FOR ITS VIGOR IN FIGHTING THE
ISRAELI OCCUPATION, BUT ALSO FOR PROVIDING MUCH NEEDED SOCIAL SERVICES THAT THE PALESTINIAN GOVERNMENT DID NOT OR COULD NOT. IN FACT, HAMAS'S 2006 ELECTION VICTORY MAY HAVE HAD LESS TO DO WITH
BROADER IDEOLOGICAL GOALS OF THE MOVEMENT THAN THE BASIC SERVICES THEY PROVIDED TO PEOPLE ON THE GROUND. ALTHOUGH, HAMAS HAS MOVED INTO THE POLITICAL MAINSTREAM, IT IS STILL CONSIDERED A TERRORIST ORGANIZATION BY MANY WESTERN
STATES , AND IT IS CURRENTLY IN A POWER STRUGGLE WITH PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY PRESIDENT MAHMUD ABBAS. INDEED, THERE ARE CONCERNS THAT TODAY'S IRAQI REFUGEES COULD END UP LIKE THE PALESTINIANS : A
LARGE POPULATION OF DISPLACED AND DISENFRANCHISED PEOPLE WITH THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME RADICALIZED. AND
SUCH A LARGE AND RADICALIZED POPULATION WOULD NOT ONLY BE POTENTIALLY DESTABILIZING FORCE FOR THE HOST
COUNTRY, BUT BY EXTENSION THE ENTIRE REGION.
Extinction
Steinbach 2 – John, Center for Research on Globalization
[Mar 3, http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/STE203A.html]cn
The Israeli nuclear arsenal has profound implications for the future of peace in the Mid dle East, and indeed, for the entire planet. I T IS
CLEAR FROM ISRAEL SHAHAK THAT ISRAEL HAS NO INTEREST IN PEACE EXCEPT THAT WHICH IS DICTATED ON ITS OWN TERMS, AND HAS ABSOLUTELY NO INTENTION OF NEGOTIATING IN GOOD FAITH TO CURTAIL ITS NUCLEAR PROGRAM OR DISCUSS SERIOUSLY A
NUCLEAR-FREE MIDDLE EAST,"ISRAEL'S INSISTENCE ON THE INDEPENDENT USE OF ITS NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAN BE SEEN AS THE FOUNDATION ON WHICH ISRAELI GRAND STRATEGY RESTS."(34) ACCORDING TO SEYMOUR HERSH, "THE SIZE AND SOPHISTICATION OF
ISRAEL'S NUCLEAR ARSENAL ALLOWS MEN SUCH AS ARIEL SHARON TO DREAM OF REDRAWING THE MAP OF THE MIDDLE EAST AIDED BY THE IMPLICIT THREAT OF NUCLEAR FORCE."(35) GENERAL AMNON SHAHAK-LIPKIN, FORMER ISRAELI CHIEF OF STAFF IS QUOTED
"IT IS NEVER POSSIBLE TO TALK TO IRAQ ABOUT NO MATTER WHAT; IT IS NEVER POSSIBLE TO TALK TO IRAN ABOUT NO MATTER WHAT. CERTAINLY ABOUT NUCLEARIZATION. WITH SYRIA WE CANNOT REALLY TALK EITHER."(36) ZE'EV SHIFF, AN ISRAELI MILITARY
EXPERT WRITING IN HAARETZ SAID, "WHOEVER BELIEVES THAT ISRAEL WILL EVER SIGN THE UN CONVENTION PROHIBITING THE PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS... IS DAY DREAMING,"(37) AND MUNYA MARDOCH, DIRECTOR OF THE ISRAELI INSTITUTE FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF WEAPONRY, SAID IN 1994, "THE MORAL AND POLITICAL MEANING OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS IS THAT STATES WHICH RENOUNCE THEIR USE ARE ACQUIESCING TO THE STATUS OF VASSAL STATES . ALL THOSE STATES WHICH FEEL SATISFIED WITH
POSSESSING CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS ALONE ARE FATED TO BECOME VASSAL STATES."(38) AS ISRAELI SOCIETY BECOMES MORE AND MORE POLARIZED , THE INFLUENCE OF THE RADICAL RIGHT BECOMES STRONGER. ACCORDING TO SHAHAK, "THE PROSPECT OF GUSH
EMUNIM, OR SOME SECULAR RIGHT-WING ISRAELI FANATICS, OR SOME SOME OF THE DELERIOUS ISRAELI ARMY GENERALS, SEIZING CONTROL OF ISRAELI NUCLEAR WEAPONS...CANNOT BE PRECLUDED. ...WHILE ISRAELI JEWISH SOCIETY UNDERGOES A STEADY
POLARIZATION , THE ISRAELI SECURITY SYSTEM INCREASINGLY RELIES ON THE RECRUITMENT OF COHORTS FROM THE RANKS OF THE EXTREME RIGHT."(39) THE ARAB STATES, LONG AWARE OF ISRAEL'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM, BITTERLY RESENT ITS COERCIVE INTENT , AND
PERCEIVE ITS EXISTENCE AS THE PARAMOUNT THREAT TO PEACE IN THE REGION, REQUIRING THEIR OWN WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION . DURING A FUTURE MIDDLE EASTERN WAR (A DISTINCT POSSIBILITY GIVEN THE ASCENSION OF ARIEL SHARON, AN UNINDICTED
WAR CRIMINAL WITH A BLOODY RECORD STRETCHING FROM THE MASSACRE OF PALESTINIAN CIVILIANS AT QUIBYA IN 1953, TO THE MASSACRE OF PALESTINIAN CIVILIANS AT SABRA AND SHATILA IN 1982 AND BEYOND) THE POSSIBLE ISRAELI USE OF NUCLEAR
S , "IN ISRAELI TERMINOLOGY, THE LAUNCHING OF MISSILES

WEAPONS SHOULD NOT BE DISCOUNTED.
A CCORDING TO HAHAK I IS REGARDED AS ON TO SRAELI TERRITORY
'NONCONVENTIONAL' REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THEY ARE EQUIPPED WITH EXPLOSIVES OR POISON GAS."(40) (W HICH REQUIRES A
"NONCONVENTIONAL" RESPONSE, A PERHAPS UNIQUE EXCEPTION BEING THE IRAQI SCUD ATTACKS DURING THE GULF WAR.) MEANWHILE, THE EXISTENCE OF AN ARSENAL OF MASS DESTRUCTION IN SUCH AN UNSTABLE REGION IN TURN HAS SERIOUS IMPLICATIONS FOR
FUTURE ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT NEGOTIATIONS, AND EVEN THE THREAT OF NUCLEAR WAR. S H , "SHOULD WAR BREAK OUT IN THE MID
EYMOUR ERSH WARNS EAST ,... OR SHOULDDLE AGAIN
ANY ARAB NATION FIRE MISSILES AGAINST ISRAEL, as the Iraqis did, a nuclear escalation, once unthinkable except as a last resort, would now be a strong
probability."(41) and Ezar Weissman, Israel's current President said "The nuclear issue is gaining momentum(and the) next war will not be conventional."(42) Russia and before it the Soviet Union has long been a major(if not the major) target of Israeli
nukes. It is widely reported that the principal purpose of Jonathan Pollard's spying for Israel was to furnish satellite images of Soviet targets and other super sensitive data relating to U.S. nuclear targeting strategy. (43) (Since launching its own satellite in 1988, Israel no
Israeli nukes aimed at the Russian heartland seriously complicate disarmament and arms control negotiations and, at the very least, the unilateral
longer needs U.S. spy secrets.)
possession of nuclear weapons by Israel is enormously destabilizing, and dramatically lowers the threshold for their actual use, if not for all out nuclear
war. In the words of Mark Gaffney, "... if the familar pattern(Israel refining its weapons of mass destruction with complicity) is not reversed soon- for whatever reason- the deepening Middle East conflict could
trigger a world conflagration." (44)
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Uniqueness
Obama has reversed Bush policy and is settling Iraqi refugees now
Costantini 9 – Peter, Assyrian International News Agency
[Jun 29, http://www.aina.org/news/2009062900549.htm]cn
IF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION HAD SUFFERED A SUDDEN SEIZURE OF HONESTY, HERE IS HOW IT WOULD HAVE GREETED THE TEMPEST-TOSSED: "WELCOME TO THE HOME OF THE
BRAVE, HUDDLED IRAQI MASSES, ESPECIALLY THOSE OF YOU WHO RISKED YOUR LIVES WORKING WITH US. BREATHING MAY BE FREE HERE, BUT EVERYTHING ELSE IS EXPENSIVE. PLEASE ACCEPT A TEMPORARY MONTHLY CHECK FAR TOO SMALL TO LIVE ON AS A TOKEN
OBAMA HAS PROMISED BETTER. O F

OF OUR APPRECIATION , AND A VALUABLE LESSON IN HOW YOUR NEW GOVERNMENT TREATS VULNERABLE POOR PEOPLE ." PRESIDENT B
27, HE SAID: ARACK N EBRUARY
"D ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED TO HELP THE MILLIONS OF DISPLACED IRAQIS. T

IPLOMACY AND ALSO , A LIVING HESE MEN WOMEN AND CHILDREN ARE
CONSEQUENCE OF THIS WAR , I ' . AMERICA HAS A STRATEGIC

AND A CHALLENGE TO STABILITY IN THE REGION AND THEY MUST BECOME A PART OF RAQ S RECONCILIATION AND RECOVERY
INTEREST - AND A MORAL RESPONSIBILITY - TO ACT. I , MY ADMINISTRATION WILL PROVIDE MORE ASSISTANCEN THE COMING MONTHS AND
TO INCREASE
TAKE STEPS SUPPORT FOR REFUGEES; '
INTERNATIONAL TO RESETTLE IRAQIS
COUNTRIES ALREADY HOSTING ; WE LL COOPERATE WITH OTHERS FACING GREAT PERSONAL RISK AND WE WILL
WORK WITH THE IRAQI GOVERNMENT OVER TIME TO RESETTLE REFUGEES AND DISPLACED IRAQIS WITHIN IRAQ - BECAUSE THERE ARE FEW MORE POWERFUL INDICATORS OF LASTING PEACE THAN DISPLACED CITIZENS RETURNING HOME."
The U.S. has turned its attention to processing the huge backlog of Iraqi refugees now
CNN 8
[Feb 4, http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/02/04/us.iraq.refugees/index.html]cn
THE STATE DEPARTMENT HOPES TO MEET ITS GOAL OF RESETTLING 12,000 IRAQI REFUGEES S , 375 BY EPTEMBER DESPITE ADMITTING ONLY SO FAR THIS
, ' M . "THIS IS A TALL ORDER BUT IT REMAINS ATTAINABLE," SAID THE STATE DEPARTMENT'S
YEAR THE DEPARTMENT S REFUGEE COORDINATOR SAID ONDAY
SENIOR COORDINATOR I ,A J F , - . FOLEY WAS BROUGHT IN

ON RAQI REFUGEE ISSUES MBASSADOR AMES TO CUT THROUGH
OLEY IN AN OFF CAMERA BRIEFING WITH REPORTERS LAST YEAR
BUREAUCRATIC RED TAPE BETWEEN THE DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND HOMELAND SECURITY, C AFTER ONGRESS HARSHLY CRITICIZED THE SLOW PACE OF
I . HE PRAISED WHAT HE CALLED "

RESETTLING RAQI REFUGEES EXCELLENT COOPERATION" NOW IN PLACE .D
ESSENTIAL AND BETWEEN THE TWO DEPARTMENTS ESPITE COMMENTS BY
U.S. OFFICIALS TO THE CONTRARY, FOLEY CHALLENGED REPORTS FROM LAST YEAR THAT THE UNITED STATES HAD PLANNED TO ADMIT 7,000 IRAQIS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDING LAST FALL, SAYING AN OFFICIAL MISSPOKE. ALTHOUGH THE STATE DEPARTMENT
SAID IT HAS RECEIVED 17,000 REFERRALS OF IRAQI REFUGEE CASES, ONLY 1,608 MADE IT TO THE UNITED STATES LAST YEAR. HE CALLED THE SLOW PROCESS "A CAPACITY PROBLEM," BOTH WITHIN
THE AGENCIES THAT REFER THE CASES, INCLUDING THE WE ARE BUILDING
U.N. HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES , AND WITHIN THE UNITED STATES ITSELF. "BUILDING UP THIS CAPACITY IS NOT AN OVERNIGHT PROCESS," HE SAID. " A
CAPACITY WHICH WILL RESULT IN MUCH STRONGER NUMBERS LATER IN THE YEAR. FOLEY POINTED TO STRONGER COOPERATION WITH UNHCR AND EXPANDED U.S.
PROCESSING FACILITIES IN JORDAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES THAT WILL SPEED UP THE PROCESS. ADDITIONALLY , BEGINNING LATER THIS MONTH THE UNITED STATES FOR THE FIRST TIME WILL BE INTERVIEWING REFUGEE APPLICANTS INSIDE IRAQ. UNTIL NOW THEY HAD
TO BE PROCESSED IN OTHER COUNTRIES, ESPECIALLY NEXT-DOOR JORDAN AND HE ATTRIBUTED THE BACKLOG OF
SYRIA, WHICH HAVE HAD TO COPE WITH THE LARGEST FLOOD OF PEOPLE FLEEING IRAQ. ALSO
REFUGEE CASES BEING RESOLVED ON SYRIA, WHICH BANNED PROCESSING OF REFUGEES FOR SEVERAL MONTHS IN 2007.
USCIS backlogs are being cleared now – FBI check processes are running efficiently
Palmer 9 – Bryan, GlobalVisas staff
[Jun 23, http://www.globalvisas.com/news/fbi_clears_name_check_backlog_for_us_visas1235.html]cn
BACKLOG FOR THE FBI’S PROCESS OF CHECKING THE NAMES OF IMMIGRANTS APPLYING FOR A US VISA AGAINST THEIR FILES, IS ALMOST
THE
CLEARED. THE CLEARANCE IS THE RESULT OF THE FBI’S MOVES TO SPEED-UP THE NAME-CHECK SERVICE BY HIRING MORE STAFF, IMPROVING TRAINING AND
UPGRADING ITS TECHNOLOGY . THE FBI HANDLES NAME CHECKS ON AROUND 6-7 MILLION US VISA APPLICATIONS EACH YEAR. IT SAYS THAT THE CHECKS ON THE APPLICANTS’ CRIMINAL BACKGROUNDS AND NATIONAL SECURITY RISK ARE UNDERTAKEN IN LESS THAN
30 DAYS IN MOST CASES, WITH THE REMAINDER COMPLETED WITHIN 90 DAYS, MAKING THE PROCESS MUCH QUICKER FOR PEOPLE APPLYING WITH US IMMIGRATION. THE BACKLOG PEAKED AT AROUND 350,000 STALLED CASES IN NOVEMBER 2007, WITH OVER HALF OF
M A US C I S (USCIS) SAYS THE FBI HAS MADE

THE CASES LEFT PENDING FOR MORE THAN THREE MONTHS, WHILE SOME WERE LEFT FOR OVER A YEAR. ICHAEL YTES FROM THE ITIZENSHIP AND MMIGRATION ERVICE
‘GREAT STRIDES’ IN DEALING WITH THE BACKLOG ISSUE, GREATLY REDUCING THE TIME IT TAKES TO APPLY FOR A US
VISA. H , THERE ARE 6,000 CURRENTLY REFERRED TO THE USCIS,
E ADMITTED THAT SOME OF THE CASES THAT NEED FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF WHICH FBI ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THE FIGURES.
HOWEVER, THESE ARE “BEING LOOKED AT; THEY DON'T JUST SIT ON A SHELF," FBI’ ACCORDING TO THE S ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND RECORDS
VERIFICATION DIRECTORATE, GREGORY SMITH.
Iraqi Refugees Disad – AT: Refugees Returning To Iraq Now
The security situation in Iraq is not stable enough yet – refugees still need to be taken in
PBS 9 – Public Broadcasting Service
[Jun 2, http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/interactives-extras/interviews/iraq-refugees/4842/]cn
FOR A WHILE, IT SEEMED VIOLENCE IN IRAQ WAS SUBSIDING AND THE ESTIMATED 2 MILLION IRAQIS WHO HAVE FLED THEIR COUNTRY
WOULD BE ABLE TO RETURN HOME. AS RECENTLY AS MAY, THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES REVISED ITS REFUGEE GUIDELINES TO STOP RECOMMENDING AUTOMATIC REFUGEE STATUS FOR IRAQIS
ABROAD. BUT ON TUESDAY THE [U.N.] COMMISSIONER SAID MANY IRAQIS HAD BEEN FORCED TO RETURN HOME BEFORE IT WAS SAFE,
AND HE URGED THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO MAINTAIN ITS SUPPORT. “WHILE OVERALL SECURITY CONDITIONS
HAVE IMPROVED, THEY ARE NOT YET SUSTAINABLE ENOUGH TO HAVE ENCOURAGED MASSIVE RETURNS OF IRAQIS,” SAID AGENCY
SPOKESPERSON RON REDMOND.
The security situation in Iraq is still too dangerous – refugees are not resettling
The Independent 9
[Jun 30, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-mission-accomplished-1724467.html]cn
SECURITY IS MUCH IMPROVED IN BAGHDAD AND CENTRAL IRAQ COMPARED TO TWO YEARS AGO, WHEN 3,000 PEOPLE WERE BEING KILLED EVERY MONTH. BUT THE IMPROVEMENT IS ONLY IN CONTRAST
TO THE SLAUGHTER OF THE RECENT PAST. BAGHDAD MAY NOW BE SAFER THAN MOGADISHU, BUT IT IS STILL MORE DANGEROUS THAN KABUL, THE 2.2 MILLION REFUGEES WHO FLED TO
JORDAN AND SYRIA ARE NOT RETURNING IN LARGE NUMBERS. THE REFUGEES ARE NOT COMING BACK BECAUSE THEY ARE STILL DUBIOUS ABOUT
SECURITY AND LIVING CONDITIONS. ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IS BETTER THIS YEAR, BUT IS STILL NOT PERMANENT. THERE IS A CONTINUING
LACK OF CLEAN WATER. IRAQ NOW HAS NO FEWER THAN 18 MILLION MOBILE PHONES COMPARED TO NONE UNDER SADDAM, THOUGH THE RELIABILITY AND QUALITY OF THE SERVICE HAS DROPPED ALARMINGLY IN THE LAST YEAR. SOME
TWO MILLION PEOPLE HAVE JOBS WITH THE GOVERNMENT AND ARE WELL PAID, BUT THERE IS LITTLE OTHER SECURE EMPLOYMENT. IRAQI SOCIETY, INFRASTRUCTURE AND
ECONOMY WERE SHATTERED BY 30 YEARS OF WAR AND SANCTIONS. THE US OCCUPATION FAILED TO REBUILD WHAT WAS
DESTROYED AND, IN MANY WAYS, EXACERBATED IRAQ'S PROBLEMS. IN THE NEXT FEW DAYS, THE OIL MINISTRY WILL BEGIN AWARDING CONTRACTS TO INTERNATIONAL OIL COMPANIES, FIRST TO STOP THE FALL IN OUTPUT FROM ITS GIANT FIELDS, AND
THEN TO RAISE PRODUCTION. SUCCESSFUL RECONSTRUCTION WILL BE THE KEY TO IRAQ'S LONG-
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Generic Link
Increases in the overall number of refugees logjams the process of settling Iraqis
Scialabba 8 – Lori, Senior Advisor to the Secretary of Homeland Security for Iraqi Refugees
[http://www.csce.gov/index.cfm?
FuseAction=ContentRecords.ViewWitness&ContentRecord_id=971&ContentType=D&ContentRecordType=D&ParentType=H&CFID=7608278&CFTOKEN=34320737]cn
REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT IS A COMPLEX, MULTI-STEP PROCESS , . WE HAVE HAD INVOLVING A LARGE NUMBER OF PLAYERS ALL INTEGRAL TO THE SUCCESS OF THE PROGRAM
EXCELLENT COOPERATION TO GET THE IRAQI PROGRAM TO THE POINT IT IS TODAY. HOWEVER, GIVEN THAT
AMONG THESE PARTNERS
THIS IS A COMPLICATED PROCESS INVOLVING MULTIPLE ENTITIES AND INDIVIDUALS, WE CANNOT CONTROL ALL THE VARIABLES THAT CAN AFFECT REFUGEE ADMISSIONS. A
VARIETY OF FACTORS MAY AFFECT THE PROGRAM, INCLUDING THE NUMBER OF IRAQI REFUGEES COMING FORWARD TO UNHCR FOR REGISTRATION , THE DESIRE OF IRAQI
REFUGEES TO RESETTLE IN THE UNITED STATES, THE OVERALL PACE OF REGISTRATION AND PRESCREENING, APPLICANTS FAILING TO APPEAR FOR THEIR
PRESCREENING INTERVIEWS, USCIS INTERVIEWS OR FLIGHT DEPARTURES, THE CONTINUED COOPERATION OF HOST GOVERNMENTS TO ALLOW US TO PROCESS IN THE REGION, AND OTHER FACTORS SUCH AS
BACKGROUND CLEARANCES, MEDICAL ISSUES, AND RESETTLEMENT OUT-PROCESSING. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO TAKE THIS TIME TO UPDATE YOU ON THE PROGRESS
BEING MADE TO IMPLEMENT THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN IRAQ ACT, WHICH WAS SIGNED INTO LAW ON JANUARY 28TH 2008. USCIS IS WORKING WITH INTERESTED DHS COMPONENTS , DOS AND THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL TO DETERMINE HOW BEST TO IMPLEMENT
THESE NEW PROVISIONS. TOGETHER WITH DOS, WE HAVE ALREADY BEGUN TO IMPLEMENT THE PRIORITY 2 GROUP FOR RELIGIOUS MINORITIES WITH CLOSE FAMILY MEMBERS IN THE UNITED STATES BY BUILDING ON A PRE-EXISTING PRIORITY 2 GROUP FOR IRAQI
BENEFICIARIES OF I-130 IMMEDIATE RELATIVE PETITIONS . MOREOVER, IRAQI APPLICANTS WHO ARE DIRECT-HIRE EMPLOYEES OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT IN IRAQ OR AN ORGANIZATION OR ENTITY CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE U.S. MISSION IN IRAQ OR OF A U.S.-
BASED MEDIA ORGANIZATION OR NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION ARE BEING ENCOURAGED TO CONTACT THE DOS IMPLEMENTING PARTNER THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) TO ACCESS THE REFUGEE PROGRAM. USCIS IS ALSO
WORKING TO EXERCISE THE EXPANDED DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY IN THE CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT OF 2008 (CAA) BY CONSIDERING SEVERAL GROUPS AND CATEGORIES OF CASES AS POSSIBLE CANDIDATES FOR THE EXPANDED TERRORISM-RELATED
INADMISSIBILITY EXEMPTION ALLOWED UNDER THE NEW LEGISLATION . WHILE WORKING TO EXERCISE THIS NEW AUTHORITY , USCIS HAS PLACED A HOLD ON DENIALS OF APPLICATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO MAY BE CONSIDERED FOR POSSIBLE EXEMPTION UNDER THE
CAA. IN ADDITION, USCIS IS REVIEWING APPLICATIONS DENIED ON THESE GROUNDS SINCE ENACTMENT OF THE CAA TO DETERMINE IF INDIVIDUALS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED FOR POSSIBLE EXERCISE OF THE DISCRETIONARY CAA EXEMPTIONS . IN-COUNTRY
PROCESSING IN IRAQ HAS BEGUN. USCIS AND DOS HAVE ALREADY BEGUN PROCESSING LOCALLY EMPLOYED STAFF (LES) IN BAGHDAD WHO ARE AT RISK OF PERSECUTION BASED ON THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH THE U.S. GOVERNMENT, AS WELL AS THEIR IMMEDIATE
FAMILY MEMBERS. THE FIRST GROUP OF REFERRALS FROM EMBASSY BAGHDAD INCLUDED 30 LES AND THEIR IMMEDIATE FAMILY MEMBERS. USCIS COMPLETED THE FIRST CIRCUIT RIDE TO BAGHDAD IN MID-MARCH. APPROVED CASES ARE RECEIVING EXPEDITED
PROCESSING THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE RESETTLEMENT PROCESS. EXPANSION OF IN-COUNTRY REFUGEE PROCESSING IN IRAQ BEYOND THESE INITIAL REFERRALS WILL INVOLVE SIGNIFICANT COORDINATION AMONG A VARIETY OF PARTNERS. WE MUST PROCEED
WITH THE UTMOST ATTENTION TO ENSURING THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF BOTH RESETTLEMENT PERSONNEL AND IN-COUNTRY REFUGEE APPLICANTS . WITH THIS IN MIND, DHS, DOS, EMBASSY BAGHDAD AND IOM ARE SEEKING WAYS TO INCREASE CAPACITY AND
EFFICIENCY . FINALLY , USCIS DOMESTIC OPERATIONS AND DOS ARE IN DISCUSSIONS REGARDING HOW BEST TO EXPAND SPECIAL IMMIGRANT VISA PROCESSING , WHICH IS A DISTINCT PROGRAM, SEPARATE AND APART FROM REFUGEE PROCESSING .
INTERVIEWING AND ADJUDICATING IRAQI CASES HAS BEEN A TOP PRIORITY FOR USCIS. WE ARE COMMITTED
AND WILL CONTINUE TO BE
TO WORKING WITH DOS AND OTHER PROGRAM PARTNERS TO MEET THE ADMINISTRATION’S GOAL OF ADMITTING 12,000 IRAQI REFUGEES TO THE U S . FY 2008. A NITED TATES IN SA
COMPONENT AGENCY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, USCIS REMAINS VIGILANT OF OUR MISSION TO PRESERVE NATIONAL SECURITY . WE MUST CONTINUE TO PROVIDE PROTECTION TO
QUALIFIED REFUGEES FROM IRAQ AND ELSEWHERE AROUND THE WORLD WHILE UPHOLDING THAT MISSION. ALTHOUGH FULFILLING THESE DUAL GOALS
MAY BE CHALLENGING , THEY ARE NOT AT ODDS WITH ONE ANOTHER. THE EFFICIENT AND TIMELY EXECUTION OF THE PROTOCOLS WE HAVE ESTABLISHED FOR PROCESSING IRAQI REFUGEES CONFIRMS THIS. WE LOOK FORWARD TO CONTINUING OUR POSITIVE AND CLOSE-
WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH OUR STATE DEPARTMENT COLLEAGUES AND OUR OTHER PARTNERS IN CARRYING OUT THE HUMANITARIAN MISSION OF ADMITTING IRAQI REFUGEES TO THE UNITED STATES.
U.S. success in bringing in Iraqi refugees is fragile – perception that the U.S. has put them on the
backburner leads to other nations rejecting them, which triggers the impact
Byman 7 – Daniel, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Saban Center for Middle East Policy
[Nov 15, http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EMAE-79BSJ2?OpenDocument]cn
THE ARGUMENTS AGAINST BRINGING MORE IRAQI REFUGEES TO THE UNITED STATES ARE CONSIDERABLE, BUT IN THE END UNCONVINCING. POLITICALLY , A MASSIVE AID-AND-RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM REPRESENTS AN ADMISSION OF FAILURE FOR THE U.S. EFFORT TO
ANTI-IMMIGRANT GROUPS WILL HARDLY BE SYMPATHETIC TO SUGGESTIONS THAT WE SHOULD ADMIT THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES WHO ARE BOTH ARABS AND MUSLIMS. MORE TROUBLING FROM A STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE , TAKING
BRING STABILITY TO IRAQ.
IN REFUGEES CAN ENCOURAGE MORE REFUGEE FLOWS—INDIVIDUALS MIGHT HESITATE TO LEAVE BAGHDAD FOR A SLUM IN AMMAN, JORDAN, BUT JUMP AT A
CHANCE TO LIVE IN A SUBURB OF SEATTLE. WHAT'S MORE, SOME OF THOSE WHO TAKE SHELTER IN THE UNITED STATES WILL HAVE BEEN RADICALIZED IN IRAQ, MAKING THEM POTENTIAL CANDIDATES FOR MILITANT
GROUPS THAT WISH TO OPERATE ON U.S. SOIL. WHILE THESE CONCERNS ARE QUITE REAL, THEY DON'T OUTWEIGH AMERICA'S MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE GREATER STRATEGIC RISK THAT LARGE REFUGEE FLOWS CAN ENTAIL TO REGIONAL STABILITY. ONE MODEL
TO CONSIDER IS THE ORDERLY DEPARTURE PROGRAM, WHICH BROUGHT HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF VIETNAMESE TO SETTLE IN THE UNITED STATES—REFUGEES WHO EVENTUALLY BECAME MODEL U.S. CITIZENS . IN ADDITION TO ALLOWING MORE IRAQIS TO SETTLE
BRINGING IN IRAQI REFUGEES ON A LARGER SCALE WOULD ALSO INSPIRE OTHER WEALTHY COUNTRIES FAR FROM THE
HERE,
MIDDLE EAST TO ACCEPT MORE. IF IRAQIS SETTLED IN EUROPE OR OTHER COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE REGION, THIS WOULD BREAK UP THE POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS
CONCENTRATIONS ALONG IRAQ'S BORDERS, REDUCING THE RISK THAT THESE REFUGEES COULD BE RECRUITED INTO
TERRORIST OR GUERRILLA GROUPS. IT WOULD ALSO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD THAT THE REFUGEE PROBLEM WOULD RADICALIZE
THE DOMESTIC POLITICS OF JORDAN, SYRIA, OR OTHER REGIONAL HOSTS. UNLESS THE UNITED STATES WELCOMES FAR MORE REFUGEES, IT'S
UNLIKELY THAT WASHINGTON WILL BE ABLE TO CONVINCE OTHER WESTERN NATIONS TO OPEN THEIR DOORS. SOME ALLIES WILL SHARE OUR
MORAL AND STRATEGIC CONCERNS, WHILE EFFECTIVE DIPLOMACY CAN PUSH OTHERS INTO OFFERING ASSISTANCE . STILL OTHERS COULD AT LEAST PROVIDE FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND OTHER HELP. ALLIES WHO OPPOSED THE WAR AND CRITICIZE THE U.S. OCCUPATION
MIGHT FIND THE REFUGEE ISSUE MORE POLITICALLY PALATABLE THAN OFFERING DIRECT SUPPORT TO THE U.S. MILITARY EFFORT.
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Generic Link
Overloaded asylum system means that any increase in cases directly trades off with the status of other
refugees
Fischer 5 – Bernd, Professor and Chair of the Department of History at Indiana University
[Jan 1, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, LEXIS]cn
THERE ARE OVER 220 IMMIGRATION JUDGES OPERATING IN DOZENS OF COURTS THROUGHOUT THE U NITED S
TATES . MOST HAVE A LEGAL BACKGROUND IN IMMIGRATION AND MOST ARE
FORMER GOVERNMENT LAWYERS. INDEED, FORMER GOVERNMENT LAWYERS OUTNUMBER FORMER PRIVATE LAWYERS BY A RATIO OF TWO TO ONE. THIS IS OF SOME SIGNIFICANCE FOR ASYLUM-SEEKERS SINCE FORMER PRIVATE LAWYERS
GRANT ASYLUM NEARLY 50 PER CENT MORE OFTEN THAN FORMER GOVERNMENT LAWYERS. GENDER PLAYS A ROLE IN THE GRANTING RATE AS WELL. SEVENTY -TWO PER CENT OF JUDGES ARE MALES BUT WOMEN ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY AMONG THE MOST LENIENT.
THREE OF THE TOP FOUR MOST LENIENT JUDGES ARE WOMEN WHO GRANT CLOSE TO 50 PER CENT OF THE CASES THAT COME BEFORE THEM (T ULSKY
2000). THE AVERAGE GRANT RATE IS MUCH LOWER, AND SINKS TO BELOW 2 PER CENT FOR AT LEAST ONE JUDGE IN A SOUTHERN JURISDICTION. THIS PARTICULAR JURIST ALSO HEARD THE MOST CASES OVER A FIVE-
YEAR PERIOD--3,846. THE NEXT MOST ACTIVE JUDGE RULED ON 3,056 CASES DURING THE SAME PERIOD. ASYLUM ADVOCATES COMPLAIN THAT THERE IS NO ATTEMPT ON THE PART OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TO EXPLAIN THESE SIGNIFICANT VARIATIONS. THE CHIEF IMMIGRATION JUDGE MAKES NO
EFFORT TO EVALUATE A JUDGE'S PERFORMANCE BASED UPON GRANTING RATES AND THE GOVERNMENT DOES NOT TRACK THE RECORDS OF JUDGES TO SEE HOW MANY OF
THEIR DECISIONS ARE OVERTURNED AT A HIGHER LEVEL (TULSKY 2000). JUDGES, THEN, VARY ENORMOUSLY IN THE NUMBER OF CASES THEY HEAR AND IN THE NUMBER OF CLAIMS THEY APPROVE. ASYLUM ADVOCATES ALSO COMPLAIN THAT JUDGES HAVE FAR TOO
IMMIGRATION JUDGES ARE INSTRUCTED NOT TO SPEAK IN PUBLIC WITHOUT AUTHORISATION, BUT SOME HAVE ADMITTED THAT ONE OF THE
MUCH DISCRETION IN TERMS OF HOW THEY CONDUCT HEARINGS.
PRESSURES THEY FACE IS AN INCREASE IN THEIR CASELOAD (TULSKY 2000). FOR 2001 THE WORLD REFUGEE SURVEY REPORTED THAT
THERE WERE OVER 320,000 ASYLUM CASES PENDING BEFORE US IMMIGRATION COURTS (US COMMITTEE FOR REFUGEES 2003A). THIS HAS
ENCOURAGED SOME JUDGES TO LIMIT THE TIME ALLOTTED FOR EACH CASE AND RESTRICT THE AMOUNT AND NATURE OF THE
EVIDENCE PRESENTED. SOME JUDGES HAVE LIMITED THE NUMBER OF WITNESSES A CLAIMANT CAN PRESENT. SOME JUDGES REFUSE TO ALLOW TELEPHONIC TESTIMONY
REQUIRING THE ASYLUM-SEEKER TO COVER THE EXPENSE OF BRINGING WITNESSES FROM OTHER LOCATIONS. JUDGES CAN EXCLUDE
WITNESSES, ARGUING THAT THEY HAVE LITTLE TO OFFER TO THE CASE. SOME JUDGES LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF TIME EACH WITNESS CAN REMAIN ON THE STAND. JUDGES ARE ALSO ABLE TO LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE THAT CAN BE PRESENTED IN
ANY GIVEN CASE. JUDGES ARE ABLE TO USE EXTENSIVE DISCRETION , IN TERMS OF THE ADMISSION OF DOCUMENTS DISCRETION WITH REGARD TO TRANSLATION AND HOW CLOSE TO THE DATE OF THE ACTUAL
. THESE RESTRICTIONS
HEARING THE DOCUMENTS WILL BE ACCEPTED IMPACT THE OUTCOME OF THE HEARING.
POTENTIALLY ON
Iraqi Refugees Disad – TVPA Link
Current TVPA “extreme hardship” standards key to reducing USCIS processing work
Honeycutt 5 – M., University of New Mexico
[https://repository.unm.edu/.../HoneycuttMorganPages15%20to%2028.pdf]cn
Iraqi Refugees Disad – TVPA Link
USCIS processes few trafficking victims now – large numbers of victims in the U.S. means the plan could
cause an explosion in the number of cases
D.O.S. 4 – U.S. Department of State
[May 12, http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2004/May/20040512092435AJesroM0.8681147.html]cn
ACCORDING TO U.S. GOVERNMENT ESTIMATES, ABOUT 800,000 900,000 , ARE TRAFFICKED EACH YEAR TO MEN WOMEN AND CHILDREN ACROSS INTERNATIONAL
FOR SEX AND OTHER PURPOSES; APPROXIMATELY 18,000 20,000 OF THOSE VICTIMS ARE TRAFFICKED INTO THE
BORDERS WORLDWIDE TO
U S ITSELF. I 2003, U.S.

NITED TATES N$74 THE , U S
GOVERNMENT DEVOTED NEARLY MILLION TO COMBAT THE WORLDWIDE TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS BUT THE NITED TATES IS EQUALLY COMMITTED TO COMBATING TRAFFICKING INSIDE ITS BORDERS.
(BEGIN FACT SHEET) U.S. LAWS THE KEYSTONE OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE TO MODERN DAY SLAVERY IS THE TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT (TVPA), ENACTED INTO LAW IN OCTOBER 2000. DESIGNED TO INTENSIFY THE FIGHT AGAINST
TRAFFICKING AND INCREASE PENALTIES, THE TVPA REQUIRES FEDERAL AGENCIES TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING DOMESTICALLY AND TO WORK WITH OTHER NATIONS TO ADDRESS THIS PROBLEM INTERNATIONALLY . THE PRESIDENT REAFFIRMED THE ADMINISTRATION 'S
COMMITMENT TO THIS ISSUE WHEN HE SIGNED THE TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION REAUTHORIZATION ACT IN DECEMBER 2003. THE TVPA DECLARES TRAFFICKING TO BE A CRIME AND CALLS ON THE U.S. GOVERNMENT TO PROSECUTE AND PUNISH TRAFFICKERS,
PROTECT AND REHABILITATE THE VICTIMS, AND PREVENT THESE CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES. VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING MAY APPLY FOR A T VISA IF THEY ARE PHYSICALLY PRESENT IN THE U.S. ON ACCOUNT OF THE TRAFFICKING, HAVE COMPLIED WITH ANY REASONABLE
REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE INVESTIGATION OR PROSECUTION OF THE ACTS OF TRAFFICKING, AND WOULD SUFFER EXTREME HARDSHIP INVOLVING UNUSUAL AND SEVERE HARM UPON REMOVAL FROM THE U.S. VICTIMS ARE ENTITLED TO PRIVACY, PHYSICAL
PROTECTION , AND OTHER FORMS OF ASSISTANCE WHILE THEIR CASES ARE PROSECUTED . ON DECEMBER 16, 2002, PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH ENDORSED THE GOALS OF THE TVPA BY SIGNING NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE 22, IN WHICH HE DIRECTS
FEDERAL AGENCIES TO "STRENGTHEN THEIR COLLECTIVE EFFORTS, CAPABILITIES, AND COORDINATION TO SUPPORT THE POLICY TO COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS." THIS DIRECTIVE ALSO IDENTIFIES PROSTITUTION AS INHERENTLY HARMFUL TO WOMEN. TO
CONFRONT THE EVIL OF SEX TOURISM, ESPECIALLY INVOLVING CHILDREN , IN 2003, THE U.S. CONGRESS PASSED THE "P ROSECUTORIAL REMEDIES AND OTHER TOOLS TO END THE EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN TODAY (PROTECT) ACT." UNDER THE "PROTECT ACT,"
IT IS NOW A CRIME FOR ANY PERSON TO ENTER THE UNITED STATES, OR FOR A U.S. CITIZEN OR LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT TO TRAVEL ABROAD, TO SEXUALLY ABUSE CHILDREN . THE PRESIDENT 'S INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE OVERSEES U.S. ANTI-TRAFFICKING
POLICIES AND PROGRAMS. THE TASK FORCE IS CHAIRED BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE AND ITS DIRECTIVES ARE IMPLEMENTED BY THE SENIOR POLICY OPERATING GROUP, WHICH CONSISTS OF HIGH-RANKING FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS FROM TEN AGENCIES
AND DEPARTMENTS. THE TASK FORCE AND THE OPERATING GROUP ENSURE THAT ALL ASPECTS OF THE FIGHT AGAINST TRAFFICKING ARE ADDRESSED BY THE APPROPRIATE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. KEY U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES THE DEPARTMENTS OF JUSTICE,
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND HOMELAND SECURITY HAVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIGHTING TRAFFICKERS AND ASSISTING VICTIMS WITHIN THE UNITED STATES. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ): JUSTICE DEPARTMENT ATTORNEYS — LED BY THE CRIMINAL
SECTION OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION — PROSECUTE CASES AGAINST TRAFFICKERS AND PROVIDE TRAINING REGARDING THE NEW ANTI-TRAFFICKING LAW. HUNDREDS OF VICTIMS OF SEVERE FORMS OF FORCED LABOR AND SEXUAL EXPLOITATION HAVE BEEN
SUCCESSFULLY RESCUED ; THEIR TRAFFICKERS HAVE BEEN PROSECUTED AND CONVICTED THROUGH JUSTICE DEPARTMENT EFFORTS. IN JANUARY 2004, ATTORNEY GENERAL JOHN ASHCROFT OBSERVED THAT THERE WAS A SHARP INCREASE IN THE CRIMINAL
PROSECUTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE LAST THREE FISCAL YEARS. SPECIFICALLY : -- DOJ CHARGED 111 TRAFFICKERS—A THREE-FOLD INCREASE OVER THE PREVIOUS THREE YEARS. OF THESE , 79 INCLUDED SEX-TRAFFICKING
ALLEGATIONS, THE HIGHEST EVER . -- DOJ CONVICTED OR OBTAINED GUILTY PLEAS FROM 77 DEFENDANTS , AN INCREASE OF MORE THAN 50 PERCENT OVER THE PREVIOUS THREE YEARS. OF THESE, 59 DEFENDANTS WERE FOUND GUILTY OF SEX-TRAFFICKING CHARGES. --
DOJ OPENED 21 NEW INVESTIGATIONS, MORE THAN DOUBLE THE NUMBER OPENED IN THE PREVIOUS THREE YEARS. AS OF JANUARY 28, 2004, THE CRIMINAL SECTION OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION HAD OPENED 142 TRAFFICKING INVESTIGATIONS, MORE THAN TWICE
THE NUMBER OPEN IN JANUARY 2001. ANOTHER ELEMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, THE OFFICE FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME (OVC), OFFERS VICTIM SUPPORT, PROTECTION SERVICES, PROSECUTORIAL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT STRATEGIES, AND EDUCATION
RESOURCES TO TRAFFICKING VICTIMS AND VICTIM SERVICE PROVIDERS. THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (HHS): HHS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CERTIFYING THAT A PERSON IS A TRAFFICKING VICTIM AND THEREFORE ELIGIBLE FOR TEMPORARY
HOUSING, LEGAL ASSISTANCE, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES , MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING , FOSTER CHILD CARE, AND OTHER BENEFITS . THESE PROGRAMS ARE IMPLEMENTED BY STATES AND BY DOZENS OF NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) WITH THE
ASSISTANCE OF HHS. IN SOME SITUATIONS , A PERSON MAY HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS AS A POTENTIAL VICTIM BUT NOT YET "CERTIFIED " BY HHS. TO HELP THESE PERSONS AND TO GAIN THEIR ASSISTANCE IN PROSECUTING TRAFFICKERS,
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE PROVIDES GRANTS TO NGOS TO EXTEND SIMILAR ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS WHO ARE IDENTIFIED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT BUT ARE NOT YET CERTIFIED . HHS HAS LAUNCHED AN ANTI-TRAFFICKING PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN WITH TWO
GOALS: TO CREATE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH VICTIMS WILL FEEL SAFE IN IDENTIFYING THEMSELVES BECAUSE THEY KNOW THEY WILL BE PROTECTED AND THERE ARE PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO HELP THEM; AND TO REACH THOSE WHO ARE LIKELY TO ENCOUNTER
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS AND ENLIST THEIR HELP IN FREEING THE VICTIMS AND CRACKING DOWN ON THE TRAFFICKERS. SPECIFICALLY : -- HHS SPONSORS A HOTLINE (888-373-7888 RUN BY THE COVENANT HOUSE) TO ADVISE CALLERS WHO HAVE ENCOUNTERED VICTIMS
OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND TO IDENTIFY LOCAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN THEIR COMMUNITY TO HELP VICTIMS. -- EXTENSIVE INFORMATION ON WHAT CONSTITUTES HUMAN TRAFFICKING , THE PATTERNS OF THE CRIME, AND THE LEGAL ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE TO
ALL VICTIMS IS OUTLINED ON A NEW HHS WEBSITE: HTTP://WWW.ACF.HHS.GOV/TRAFFICKING/ -- A PUBLIC SERVICE TELEVISION ANNOUNCEMENT, SHARED BY HHS AND THE UNITED NATIONS, WILL BE AIRED TO INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS REGARDING TRAFFICKING
ON A NATIONAL LEVEL, AND TO PUBLICIZE THE HOTLINE . DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (DHS): DHS'S BUREAU FOR IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT (ICE), IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF FEDERAL IMMIGRATION LAWS AND THE
INVESTIGATION OF HUMAN SMUGGLING, TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS, AND CHILD EXPLOITATION OFFENSES. ICE HAS STEPPED UP TRAFFICKING INVESTIGATIONS. IN JANUARY, A MAN IN MCALLEN, TEXAS WHO HEADED A SEX SLAVERY RING WAS SENTENCED TO 23 YEARS
IN PRISON . LAST SUMMER IN NEW JERSEY, ICE UNCOVERED A PROSTITUTION RING THAT TRAFFICKED MEXICAN GIRLS, WHO WERE LURED TO THE U.S. ONLY TO BE FORCED INTO SEXUAL SLAVERY. IN NEW YORK CITY, ICE INVESTIGATORS UNCOVERED A TRAFFICKING
NETWORK THAT RECRUITED SOUTH KOREAN WOMEN, PROMISING THEM JOBS AS HOSTESSES BUT FORCING THEM TO WORK AS PROSTITUTES. IN 2003, DHS LAUNCHED OPERATION PREDATOR, A PROGRAM TO TARGET CHILD PREDATORS. IN THE FIRST EIGHT MONTHS OF
ITS EXISTENCE , THE PROGRAM HAS SUCCESSFULLY : -- TAKEN OFF THE STREETS OF AMERICA MORE THAN 2,000 CHILD PREDATORS AND SEX OFFENDERS; -- INITIATED THE LARGEST-EVER INVESTIGATION INTO ONLINE OGRAPHY; -- AFFECTED THE FIRST-EVER ARRESTS
OF AMERICAN SEX TOURISTS TRAVELING TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES SEEKING TO ENGAGE IN SEX WITH MINORS; -- WORKED TO CREATE A DATABASE TO AID LOCAL, STATE , FEDERAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS IN IDENTIFYING VICTIMS OF CHILD
DHS'S BUREAU OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES (USCIS) IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ISSUING CONTINUED PRESENCE AND T-VISAS TO
EXPLOITATION .
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS. SINCE THE INCEPTION OF THE PROGRAMS IN 2002, USCIS HAS ISSUED CONTINUED PRESENCE TO 410 VICTIMS AND HAS GRANTED T
NON-IMMIGRANT STATUS TO 371 TRAFFICKING VICTIMS.
Trafficking victims are given Priority One in the USCIS – refugee caps ensure a tradeoff with Iraqis
D.O.S. 2k – U.S. Department of State
[http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/documents/legal/gender_guidelines/US_DOS_Overseas_Gender_Guidelines.pdf]cn
WITH OVER 12 MILLION REFUGEES IN THE WORLD TODAY, THE U NITED STATES IS UNABLE TO PROVIDE REFUGE AND ASSISTANCE FOR ALL
OF THEM. FURTHERMORE, RESETTLEMENT IS NOT NECESSARILY THE SOLUTION FOR EVERY REFUGEE. ACCORDINGLY, THE PRESIDENT, IN
CONSULTATION WITH THE CONGRESS, SETS REGIONAL CEILINGS FOR THE NUMBER OF REFUGEES WHO MAY BE ADMITTED TO
THE U.S. EACH YEAR. THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ITS WORLDWIDE REFUGEE PROCESSING PRIORITY SYSTEM, THE UNITED STATES HAS SET GUIDELINES FOR THE ORDERLY MANAGEMENT AND
PROCESSING OF REFUGEE APPLICATIONS WITHIN THESE AUTHORIZED CEILINGS. THE WORLDWIDE PROCESSING PRIORITY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS AS A CASE MANAGEMENT TOOL TO
ENSURE THAT THOSE REFUGEES WHO ARE OF GREATEST HUMANITARIAN CONCERN TO THE U.S. HAVE ACCESS TO THE U.S. REFUGEE
RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM. THESE PROCESSING PRIORITIES ARE REVISED PERIODICALLY TO REFLECT TRENDS IN THE NEED FOR REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT WORLDWIDE. TODAY, THE UNITED STATES ASSIGNS
A HIGH PRIORITY TO ASSISTING VULNERABLE FEMALE REFUGEES AND THIS CONCERN IS REFLECTED IN GREATER ACCESS
FOR REFUGEE WOMEN TO THE U.S. RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM. INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE DESIGNATED AS WOMEN-AT-RISK
ARE REFERRED TO THE INS* FOR A REFUGEE INTERVIEW UNDER PRIORITY ONE. GENERALLY, THESE WOMEN ARE DESIGNATED “AT-RISK” BY UNHCR BECAUSE OF THE
DANGER THEY FEAR OR HAVE ALREADY EXPERIENCED IN THE COUNTRY OF FIRST FLIGHT .
*Note: the duties of the INS have since been transferred to the USCIS
Iraqi Refugees Disad – USCIS Is Normal Means
USCIS is the agency charged with providing asylum and processing applications for trafficking victims
Kibble 9 – Kumar, Deputy Director, Office of Investigations U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
[Mar 19, www.ice.gov/doclib/pi/news/testimonies/kibble03_19_09.doc]cn
ICE AND USCIS ARE THE PRINCIPAL AGENCIES CHARGED WITH PROVIDING IMMIGRATION RELIEF TO VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING .
ICE PROVIDES A SHORT-TERM IMMIGRATION RELIEF KNOWN AS “CONTINUED PRESENCE,” AND ASSISTS CERTIFIED VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING TO REMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES THROUGH CERTAIN TYPES OF NON-IMMIGRANT VISAS, INCLUDING THE T AND U VISAS. IN
EACH OF THE CASES CITED, WE GRANTED THE VICTIMS USCIS ADJUDICATES APPLICATIONS FOR -
CONTINUED PRESENCE, WHICH IS PART OF OUR “VICTIM-CENTERED APPROACH.” NON IMMIGRANT STATUS RELATED TO
AN INDIVIDUAL’S CERTIFICATION AS A VICTIM OF A SEVERE FORM OF TRAFFICKING. THIS - STATUS PROVIDES NON IMMIGRANT
LONGER-TERM FORMS OF RELIEF FOR TRAFFICKING VICTIMS. C P T- D H H S “ ONTINUED RESENCE OR THE AWARD OF A VISA ALLOWS THE EPARTMENT OF EALTH AND UMAN ERVICES TO CERTIFY”
VICTIMS SO THAT THEY CAN ACCESS FEDERAL BENEFITS AND SERVICES TO THE SAME EXTENT AS REFUGEES . INDIVIDUALS GRANTED T NON-IMMIGRANT STATUS CAN ALSO ADJUST THEIR STATUS TO THAT OF LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT PURSUANT TO RECENTLY
PROMULGATED REGULATION .
USCIS normal means for sex trafficking victims and T-visas

USSCB accessed 9 – U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops
[Acc. Jun 30, http://www.usccb.org/mrs/trafficking/usresponse.shtml]cn
USCIS) COORDINATES WITH ICE TO GRANT CONTINUED PRESENCE, A TEMPORARY STAY OF DEPORTATION, FOR VICTIMS WHOSE
CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES (
ASSISTANCE MAY EFFECTUATE THE PROSECUTION OF THEIR TRAFFICKERS. USCIS ALSO AWARDS T NON-IMMIGRANT VISAS, A
SPECIAL FOUR-YEAR VISA FOR VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING WHICH WILL ALLOW THEM TO ADJUST TO LEGAL PERMANENT RESIDENCE STATUS UPON ELIGIBILITY .
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Tradeoff Internal Link
USCIS is processing backlogs that were previously held up by security concerns now – but applicants
with Middle Eastern-sounding names are more likely to get pushed to the back of the line
Bernal 9 – Dolores, Editor of News Junkie Post
[Jun 23, http://newsjunkiepost.com/2009/06/23/fbis-name-check-program-will-eliminate-backlogs-says-uscis/]cn
USCIS) ANNOUNCED ON MONDAY THAT THE

IMMIGRANTS SEEKING TO LIVE AND TRAVEL TO THE UNITED STATES WILL NOW GET BETTER SERVICE FROM THE FBI. THE US CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES (
TWO ORGANIZATIONS HAD “MET ALL MILESTONES” TO IMPROVE AND MAKE THE PROCESS OF CHECKING NAMES AGAINST
THE FBI DATABASE, QUICKER. THE FBI’S NATIONAL NAME CHECK PROGRAM IS USED BY THE USCIS, BUT ALSO BY OTHER AGENCIES TO RUN BACKGROUND CHECKS ON PEOPLE WHO WANT TO WORK FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT,
ATTEND A WHITE HOUSE FUNCTION, OR OBTAIN A GREEN CARD OR NATURALIZATION , ACCORDING TO THE FBI’S WEBSITE. BUT PROCESSING ALL THOSE NAMES CLOGGED THE SYSTEM AFTER
SEPTEMBER 11, 2001. THE FBI SAYS THAT THERE WAS A SURGE ON NAME CHECKING REQUESTS FROM THE USCIS CREATING A BACKLOG,
WHICH CREATED MONUMENTAL DELAYS IN THE APPLICATION PROCESS FOR THE USCIS AS THEY WAITED FOR THE FBI TO
CLEAR PEOPLE’S IDENTITIES. THERE WERE SOME 349,000 NAMES NEEDED TO BE PROCESSED IN MARCH; OF THAT, 150,000
NAMES HAD BEEN PENDING FOR MORE THAN SIX MONTHS, ACCORDING TO THE USCIS. THE DELAYS SPARKED PUBLIC OUTRAGE AFTER THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT INSPECTOR GENERAL DID AN AUDIT
BACK IN 2008 AND FOUND THAT THE FBI’S NAME CHECK PROGRAM, “[RELIED] ON OUTDATED TECHNOLOGY AND POORLY TRAINED WORKERS. SOME IMMIGRANTS AWAITING RESOLUTION ARE DENIED THE RIGHT TO WORK OR TO STUDY. AND, SIGNIFICANT IN AN
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE’S AUDIT, THE WASHINGTON POST PUBLISHED AN EDITORIAL ON JUNE 14, 2008 ACCUSING THE FBI OF
ELECTION YEAR, THEY ARE DENIED THE CHANCE TO VOTE.” SOON AFTER THE
BEING “INCOMPETENT” AND FOR “PUNISHING IMMIGRANTS WHO PLAY BY THE RULES.” HERE IS A SNIPPET OF THE POST’S EDITORIAL, “THE NAME GAME.”
WHAT’S IN A NAME? FOR ALI RAHIMIAN, IT MAY BE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A QUICK PATH TO CITIZENSHIP AND A
TWO-YEAR SENTENCE TO IMMIGRATION PURGATORY. DR. RAHIMIAN HAS LIVED IN THE WASHINGTON AREA FOR 17 YEARS, AND, AMONG OTHER USEFUL PURSUITS, HAS HELPED OPERATE A FREE CLINIC FOR
PEOPLE WHO LACK MEDICAL INSURANCE. TWO YEARS AGO, DR. RAHIMIAN, WHO WAS BORN IN IRAN, APPLIED TO BECOME A U.S. CITIZEN. HIS APPLICATION WAS SENT TO THE FBI FOR WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN A ROUTINE BACKGROUND CHECK, AND DR. RAHIMIAN
SAID HE HAS NOT HEARD FROM THE BUREAU SINCE.
USCIS procedures ensure easier cases are taken up first – sudden increases in the number of applications
means backlogs grow and go unaddressed
Murthy Law Firm 8 – Immigration Law
[May 9, http://www.murthy.com/news/n_houher.html]cn
MR. AYTES ACKNOWLEDGED PROBLEMS THAT STILL PREVENT THE USCIS FROM EFFICIENT AND ACCURATE VISA ALLOCATIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, ONCE THE
VISA NUMBER BECOMES AVAILABLE, BASED UPON THE CUTOFF DATES REFLECTED IN THE MONTHLY DOS VISA BULLETIN, THIS ALLOWS QUALIFYING PENDING CASES TO
BE APPROVED AND ALLOWS FOR THE FILING OF NEW CASES WITH THE USCIS. IT IS ESSENTIALLY A SYSTEM WHERE, WHENEVER THE "BACK
DOOR" IS OPEN FOR CASE APPROVALS, THE "FRONT DOOR" IS ALSO OPENED TO ACCEPT ANY CASES WITH PRIORITY DATES PRIOR TO THE CUTOFF DATE SET IN
THE VISA BULLETIN . THE USCIS IS UNABLE TO LIMIT THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF I-485 APPLICATIONS FILED, AS IT IS ALL BASED UPON THE DOS VISA BULLETIN, WHICH WAS
DESIGNED TO REFLECT AVAILABLE VISA NUMBERS FOR CASES THAT ARE PENDING AND READY FOR APPROVAL. THUS, IN CASES WHERE THERE ARE MORE APPLICATIONS RECEIVED THAN
THERE ARE VISA NUMBERS ACTUALLY AVAILABLE (WHICH IS WHAT HAPPENED IN THE SUMMER OF 2007), THIS RESULTS IN A BACKLOG
OF CASES. MANY APPLICANTS HAVE TO WAIT FOR SEVERAL YEARS BEFORE THEIR APPLICATIONS CAN BE ADJUDICATED, AS
THERE ARE SIMPLY NOT ENOUGH VISA NUMBERS TO ALLOW FOR CASE APPROVAL. OVER THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS THIS RESULTED IN AN EVER-GROWING
BACKLOG OF CASES AND AN INVENTORY OF APPLICATIONS THAT THE AGENCY IS UNABLE TO PROCESS. TO ADDRESS THESE PROBLEMS, "THE USCIS HAS ADOPTED A PRODUCTION
STRATEGY THAT FOCUSES ON COMPLETING CASES WHERE VISAS ARE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE AND ON WORKING CASES TO THE POINT JUST SHORT OF
APPROVAL," WHERE NO VISA NUMBERS ARE YET AVAILABLE. WHAT THIS MEANS IS THAT CASES ARE REVIEWED WITHOUT REGARD TO THE AVAILABILITY OF VISA NUMBERS AND, IF EVERYTHING IS IN ORDER, THEY ARE MADE READY FOR APPROVAL. THEY ARE THEN
ACTED UPON ONCE THE VISA NUMBERS BECOME AVAILABLE, WHICH COULD BE MANY MONTHS OR EVEN YEARS LATER .
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Tradeoff Internal Link
U.S. backlogs are filled with Iraqi refugee applications

Husarska 7 – Ann, senior policy adviser at the International Rescue Committee
[Jun 14, http://www.theirc.org/news/refugee-scandal0614.html]cn
THERE IS, OF COURSE, A

FOLLOWING A BARRAGE OF CRITICISM IN THE MEDIA AND ON CAPITOL HILL, IN FEBRUARY THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION ANNOUNCED THAT UP TO 7,000 IRAQI REFUGEES WOULD BE ALLOWED TO ENTER THE COUNTRY THIS YEAR.
BACKLOG OF IRAQI REFUGEES WAITING TO BE ADMITTED TO THE U.S. SO THE ADMINISTRATION MIGHT HAVE QUICKLY INCREASED THE
NUMBER OF NEW REFUGEES ADMITTED. BUT THE NUMBER ACTUALLY FELL FROM 11 IN FEBRUARY TO JUST EIGHT IN MARCH. THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY -- WHICH HAS RECENTLY
RECEIVED THE FILES OF 611 IRAQIS WAITING TO BE PROCESSED -- ANNOUNCED ON MAY 29 THAT IT "IS POISED TO APPROVE THE APPLICATIONS OF NEARLY 60 IRAQIS." BUT EVEN THESE NUMBERS ARE
DISAPPOINTING . IT TURNS OUT THAT DHS IS PROMISING TO EXPEDITE JUST 20 CASES FOR A TOTAL OF 59 PEOPLE (REFUGEES PLUS THEIR FAMILIES ). SET ASIDE WHETHER DHS WILL ACTUALLY DELIVER ON THIS PROMISE AND THE NUMBERS ARE STILL BLEAK. JUST 70
THERE ARE 6,930 APPLICATIONS LEFT TO GRANT BETWEEN NOW AND THE
IRAQIS HAVE GAINED ENTRANCE INTO THE COUNTRY OVER THE PAST EIGHT MONTHS. DO THE MATH.
START OF THE NEW FISCAL YEAR ON OCT. 1. DHS MUST PICK UP THE PACE.
Iraqi refugee applications are easily backlogged – the government sees them as big security risks
IPS 7 – Inter Press Service
[Sept 24, http://www.commondreams.org/archive/2007/09/24/4076]cn
"REGARDLESS OF WHERE WE STAND ON THE WAR WITH IRAQ, WE ARE UNITED IN OUR BELIEF THAT AMERICA HAS A FUNDAMENTAL OBLIGATION TO ASSIST THE IRAQIS WHO
HAVE COURAGEOUSLY SUPPORTED OUR FORCES AND OUR EFFORT IN IRAQ AND WHOSE LIVES ARE IN PERIL AS A RESULT," SAID KENNEDY, WHOSE BILL WOULD CREATE 5,000 SPECIAL IMMIGRANT VISAS FOR
IRAQIS WHO ARE TARGETED FOR WORKING WITH THE U.S. -- OVER 65,000 IRAQIS CURRENTLY WORK FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE OR ITS SUB-CONTRACTORS ALONE -- BY ALLOWING THEM EXPEDITED STATUS
TOWARDS RESETTLEMENT THROUGH DIRECT ASYLUM APPLICATIONS TO THE U.S. GOVERNMENT INSTEAD OF SEEKING REFUGEE STATUS THROUGH REFERRAL BY UNHCR. THE STATE DEPARTMENT TOOK STEPS TOWARDS DEALING WITH
THE CRISIS BY NAMING AMBASSADOR JAMES B. FOLEY AS THE SENIOR COORDINATOR FOR IRAQI REFUGEE ISSUES. FOLEY IS A VETERAN DIPLOMAT WHO WILL COME FROM THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ADVISOR AT THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE AND WAS
ONCE THE AMBASSADOR TO HAITI. THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ALSO ANNOUNCED THAT LORI SCIALABBA WOULD FILL THE NEW ROLE OF SENIOR ADVISOR FOR IRAQI REFUGEE AFFAIRS. IN A STATEMENT REGARDING THE APPOINTMENT ,
HOMELAND SECURITY SECRETARY M CHERTOFF ATTEMPTED TO EXPLAIN THE BACKLOG OF REFUGEE APPLICATIONS BY
ICHAEL
NOTING THAT "WE MUST BE MINDFUL OF THE SECURITY RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ADMITTING REFUGEES FROM WAR-
ALSO
TORN COUNTRIES, ESPECIALLY COUNTRIES INFILTRATED BY LARGE NUMBERS OF TERRORISTS".

Iraqi Refugees Disad – AT: Iraqis Streamlined Now
Slightly improved security in Iraq means Iraqi refugees are no longer streamlined and must be considred
case by case
Human Rights First 9 – non-profit, nonpartisan international human rights organization
[May 8, http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/blog/refugees/2009/05/un-and-iraqi-refugees-is-it-really-news.html]cn
UNHCR HAS DETERMINED THAT SECURITY HAS IMPROVED SIGNIFICANTLY

THE BIG NEWS IN THE REPORT – FROM THE MEDIA’S PERSPECTIVE – HAS BEEN THAT
THROUGHOUT IRAQ, AND IN PARTICULAR IN THE SOUTH AND IN THE WESTERN GOVERNORATE OF AL-ANBAR. UNHCR IS NOW SAYING THAT GENERAL SECURITY IS GOOD ENOUGH IN
THESE AREAS THAT IRAQIS WHO FLEE THEM SHOULD NOT AUTOMATICALLY BE CONSIDERED REFUGEES, BUT INSTEAD SHOULD BE DEALT
WITH ON A CASE BY CASE BASIS TO DETERMINE IF THEY FACED INDIVIDUAL PERSECUTION – CHANGING THE PRACTICE
THAT’S BEEN IN PLACE SINCE 2007. BUT FOR THE MOST PART, IN THIS REPORT UNHCR DESCRIBES A VERY FRAGILE SITUATION, WHERE
VIOLENT AND CRIMINAL GROUPS OPERATE WITH IMPUNITY THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, MILITIAS THAT ARE CURRENTLY LAYING LOW STILL HAVE THE ABILITY TO PURSUE AND MURDER THEIR
ENEMIES , AND THE GOVERNMENT PROVIDES LITTLE EFFECTIVE PROTECTION. IN LIGHT OF ALL THIS, THE UN IS STILL ARGUING FOR AUTOMATIC
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION FOR ALL IRAQIS FLEEING BAGHDAD AND THE MORE DIVERSE CENTRAL PARTS OF THE COUNTRY—THE ORIGINS OF THE VAST MAJORITY OF REFUGEES TO DATE.
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Middle East Instability Internal Link
Failure to provide asylum for Iraqi refugees will cause massive flows in the MidEast that destabilize the
region, increase radicalization and terrorism, and trigger wars
Byman 7 – Daniel, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Saban Center for Middle East Policy
[Nov 15, http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EMAE-79BSJ2?OpenDocument]cn
RARELY DO MORALITY AND STRATEGY COME TOGETHER IN THE MIDDLE EAST—PARTICULARLY IN THE CASE OF IRAQ. YET THERE IS ONE AREA WHERE THE RIGHT THING FOR IRAQ IS ALSOTHE BEST OPTION FOR AMERICA'S
LONG-TERM INTERESTS: PREVENTING THE IRAQI REFUGEE CRISIS FROM FURTHER DESTABILIZING THE REGION. SO FAR, THE DEBATE IN THE
UNITED STATES HAS FOCUSED ON THE FATES OF IRAQIS WHO HAVE WORKED WITH U.S. DIPLOMATS AND SOLDIERS, AS TRANSLATORS AND SO ON. ALTHOUGH THESE INDIVIDUALS ARE OWED A SPECIAL DEBT, OUR RESPONSIBILITY DOES NOT END THERE. THE
UNITED STATES SHOULD ACCEPT TENS OF THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES AND MUST ENCOURAGE OTHER MAJOR POWERS TO DO THE SAME. WASHINGTON SHOULD ALSO INITIATE A PROGRAM TO BOOST THE
CAPACITY OF NEIGHBORING STATES TO HOST REFUGEES AND PREVENT THEM FROM BECOMING A SOURCE OF INSTABILITY . ALTHOUGH CASUALTY REPORTS DOMINATE THE HEADLINES, IRAQ IS ALSO SUFFERING A STAGGERING
EXODUS OF REFUGEES. MORE THAN 2 MILLION IRAQIS—FROM A TOTAL POPULATION OF 27 MILLION—HAVE FLED THE CHAOS, AND THE NUMBERS GROW EVERY DAY. (EVEN MORE IRAQIS HAVE FLED THEIR HOMES BUT HAVE RESETTLED IN
OTHER PARTS OF IRAQ, THUS TECHNICALLY AVOIDING THE LABEL "REFUGEE.") SO FAR, THE MIGRANTS HAVE CLUSTERED IN NATIONS CLOSE TO IRAQ, PARTICULARLY IN SYRIA AND JORDAN. U.S. EFFORTS TO HELP THESE REFUGEES HAVE RANGED FROM FEEBLE TO
NONEXISTENT. THE UNITED STATES HAS SO FAR TAKEN IN BARELY MORE THAN 1,000 IRAQI REFUGEES BUT WILL REPORTEDLY BOOST THIS TO 12,000 NEXT YEAR: A SIGNIFICANT PERCENTAGE INCREASE ON THE SURFACE BUT ONLY WHEN THE ABSURDLY LOW BASE RATE
IT IS MORALLY ABHORRENT AND STRATEGICALLY ILL-ADVISED TO ABANDON THESE REFUGEES. T

IS CONSIDERED . BOTH O STATE THE OBVIOUS, THE
U.S. FAILURE TO ESTABLISH SECURITY IN IRAQ DROVE THEM TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES. L ITERALLY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE HAVE FLED UNDER HORRIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES,
AND THE UNITED STATES BEARS MUCH OF THE RESPONSIBILITY . AMERICANS MAY, UNDERSTANDABLY, SAY THAT THEY CAN NO LONGER SACRIFICE TO BRING STABILITY TO IRAQ, BUT THAT DOES NOT EXCUSE US FROM THE BROADER DUTY TO HELP THOSE WHO
CONTINUE TO SUFFER . PUTTING ASIDE OUR MORAL RESPONSIBILITY, THE U NITED S

NEEDS TO TAKE IN REFUGEES TO OFFSET SIGNIFICANT STRATEGIC RISKS. THE 1948
TATES
THE PALESTINIAN REFUGEE CRISIS

ISRAELI WAR OF INDEPENDENCE PRODUCED MORE THAN 700,000 REFUGEES . ALMOST 60 YEARS LATER, THE REGION STILL SUFFERS FROM THE FAILURE TO SOLVE THIS REFUGEE PROBLEM.
CONTRIBUTED TO WARS BETWEEN ISRAEL AND ITS NEIGHBORS IN 1956, 1967, AND 1982, AS WELL AS TO ISRAEL'S CONSTANT
TERRORISM PROBLEM. FEW IRAQI REFUGEES ARE INCORPORATED INTO THE NATIONS THAT ARE HOSTING THEM, BUT THERE IS NO PROSPECT THAT THEY WILL RETURN TO IRAQ IN LARGE NUMBERS IN THE NEAR FUTURE. IT WOULD NOT BE
SURPRISING IF, 20 YEARS FROM NOW, MILLIONS OF IRAQIS STILL LIVED OUTSIDE THEIR HOME COUNTRY. IN OTHER WORDS, THIS PROBLEM WILL NOT DISAPPEAR IF WE IGNORE IT. AS WITH THE PALESTINIAN PROBLEM , IRAQ'S REFUGEES COULD GENERATE NUMEROUS
REGIONAL CRISES.LARGE REFUGEE FLOWS CAN OVERSTRAIN THE ECONOMIES AND EVEN CHANGE THE DEMOGRAPHIC MAKEUP OF
SMALL OR WEAK STATES, UPSETTING WHAT IS ALREADY A DELICATE POLITICAL BALANCE. ONE MILLION IRAQI REFUGEES IS A SUBSTANTIAL ADDITION TO
JORDAN'S POPULATION OF LESS THAN 6 MILLION. AT TIMES, THE REFUGEES SIMPLY BRING THE WAR WITH THEM: FIGHTERS MINGLE WITH NONCOMBATANT
REFUGEES AND LAUNCH ATTACKS BACK IN THEIR HOME COUNTRIES, WHILE THOSE WHO DROVE THEM OUT CONTINUE THE
FIGHT IN THE REFUGEES' NEW BASES. AFTER THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE IN 1994, FOR EXAMPLE, HUTU PERPETRATORS FLED TO NEIGHBORING DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO AND CONTINUED TO LAUNCH CROSS-BORDER
RAIDS AGAINST RWANDA'S NEW TUTSI-LED GOVERNMENT, WHICH HAD OUSTED THEM. THE HUTU FIGHTERS RECRUITED IN REFUGEE CAMPS, USING THEM AS BASES IN WHICH TO PLAN, ORGANIZE, AND LAUNCH ATTACKS. NOT SURPRISINGLY , THE NEW RWANDAN
GOVERNMENT BEGAN TO ATTACK THE CAMPS, PRECIPITATING A CIVIL WAR IN DRC THAT LED TO THE COLLAPSE OF THE REGIME THERE AND THE DEATH OF MILLIONS. NEIGHBORING GOVERNMENTS MAY TRY TO DEFEND NEW ARRIVALS FROM ATTACKS BY THEIR
ENEMIES OR EXPLOIT THE REFUGEES TO FIGHT BATTLES ON THE GOVERNMENT'S BEHALF. DURING THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR IN THE 1980S, IRAN ARMED IRAQI REFUGEES WHO HAD FLED THERE AND USED THEM AS A PROXY ARMY, THE
BADR CORPS, AGAINST SADDAM'S IRAQ. THESE RETURNED TO IRAQ, AND MANY HAVE JOINED THE IRAQI POLICE AND MILITARY. SOME IRAQI
FIGHTERS HAVE
POLITICIANS STILL ACCUSE THEM OF SURREPTITIOUSLY WORKING FOR IRAN. REFUGEE CAMPS CAN ALSO BE INCUBATORS FOR TERRORIST GROUPS. YOUNG MEN—
BORED, EMBITTERED, AND ACCUSTOMED TO A WORLD OF VIOLENT POLITICS—ARE NATURAL RECRUITS. MANY PALESTINIAN REFUGEES FLOCKED
TO JOIN TERRORIST GROUPS, PREFERRING RADICAL SOLUTIONS TO THE ENDLESS FAILED ATTEMPTS TO ADDRESS THEIR PLIGHT PEACEFULLY . OVER TIME, REFUGEES CAN ALSO RADICALIZE THE POLITICS
OF THEIR HOST NATIONS. IN LEBANON DURING THE EARLY 1970S, THE PRESENCE OF THOUSANDS OF ARMED PALESTINIANS IN THE COUNTRY INEVITABLY BECAME A CONTENTIOUS POLITICAL ISSUE AND PUSHED THE COUNTRY TOWARD CIVIL
WAR. IN PAKISTAN TODAY, COMMENTATORS FEAR THE "TALIBANIZATION " OF THE COUNTRY, A REFERENCE TO THE WAY IN WHICH PAKISTAN'S SUPPORT FOR THE AFGHAN REFUGEES WHO FORMED THE CORE OF THE TALIBAN IN THE 1990S HAS COME BACK TO HAUNT
PAKISTAN. SECTARIAN STRIFE, SUICIDE BOMBINGS, AND RELIGIOUS RADICALISM ARE NOW FAR MORE PREVALENT IN PAKISTAN. THE ARGUMENTS AGAINST
BRINGING MORE IRAQI REFUGEES TO THE UNITED STATES ARE CONSIDERABLE, BUT IN THE END UNCONVINCING . POLITICALLY , A MASSIVE AID-AND-RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM REPRESENTS AN ADMISSION OF FAILURE FOR THE U.S. EFFORT TO BRING STABILITY TO IRAQ.
ANTI-IMMIGRANT GROUPS WILL HARDLY BE SYMPATHETIC TO SUGGESTIONS THAT WE SHOULD ADMIT THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES WHO ARE BOTH ARABS AND MUSLIMS. MORE TROUBLING FROM A STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE , TAKING IN REFUGEES CAN ENCOURAGE MORE
REFUGEE FLOWS—INDIVIDUALS MIGHT HESITATE TO LEAVE BAGHDAD FOR A SLUM IN AMMAN, JORDAN, BUT JUMP AT A CHANCE TO LIVE IN A SUBURB OF SEATTLE. WHAT'S MORE, SOME OF THOSE WHO TAKE SHELTER IN THE UNITED STATES WILL HAVE BEEN
RADICALIZED IN IRAQ, MAKING THEM POTENTIAL CANDIDATES FOR MILITANT GROUPS THAT WISH TO OPERATE ON U.S. SOIL. WHILE THESE CONCERNS ARE QUITE REAL, THEY DON'T OUTWEIGH AMERICA'S MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE GREATER STRATEGIC RISK
THAT LARGE REFUGEE FLOWS CAN ENTAIL TO REGIONAL STABILITY . ONE MODEL TO CONSIDER IS THE ORDERLY DEPARTURE PROGRAM, WHICH BROUGHT HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF VIETNAMESE TO SETTLE IN THE UNITED STATES—REFUGEES WHO EVENTUALLY
BECAME MODEL U.S. CITIZENS . IN ADDITION TO ALLOWING MORE IRAQIS TO SETTLE HERE, BRINGING IN IRAQI REFUGEES ON A LARGER SCALE WOULD ALSO INSPIRE OTHER WEALTHY COUNTRIES FAR FROM THE MIDDLE EAST TO ACCEPT MORE. IF IRAQIS SETTLED IN
EUROPE OR OTHER COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE REGION, THIS WOULD BREAK UP THE POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS CONCENTRATIONS ALONG IRAQ'S BORDERS, REDUCING THE RISK THAT THESE REFUGEES COULD BE RECRUITED INTO TERRORIST OR GUERRILLA GROUPS. IT
WOULD ALSO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD THAT THE REFUGEE PROBLEM WOULD RADICALIZE THE DOMESTIC POLITICS OF JORDAN, SYRIA, OR OTHER REGIONAL HOSTS. UNLESS THE UNITED STATES WELCOMES FAR MORE REFUGEES, IT'S UNLIKELY THAT WASHINGTON WILL
BE ABLE TO CONVINCE OTHER WESTERN NATIONS TO OPEN THEIR DOORS. SOME ALLIES WILL SHARE OUR MORAL AND STRATEGIC CONCERNS, WHILE EFFECTIVE DIPLOMACY CAN PUSH OTHERS INTO OFFERING ASSISTANCE. STILL OTHERS COULD AT LEAST PROVIDE
FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND OTHER HELP. ALLIES WHO OPPOSED THE WAR AND CRITICIZE THE U.S. OCCUPATION MIGHT FIND THE REFUGEE ISSUE MORE POLITICALLY PALATABLE THAN OFFERING DIRECT SUPPORT TO THE U.S. MILITARY EFFORT. IN ANY EVENT, THE UNITED
STATES MUST INCREASE ITS AID AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ'S NEIGHBORS, PARTICULARLY JORDAN AND ALSO ALLIES IN THE PERSIAN GULF. THESE COUNTRIES MUST BE ABLE TO POLICE REFUGEE COMMUNITIES AND BE SURE THAT THEIR ALREADY FRAYED
SOCIAL SERVICES ARE NOT COMPLETELY OVERWHELMED BY THE NEW ARRIVALS. SINCE THE REFUGEE PROBLEM IS LIKELY TO GROW AS THE UNITED STATES DRAWS DOWN ITS FORCES, WE MUST BEGIN THIS ASSISTANCE NOW. IT IS TEMPTING TO TRY TO OFFER THE BARE
AMERICA MUST TRY TO

MINIMUM, PROVIDING LIMITED HUMANITARIAN RELIEF AND RELYING ON IRAQ'S NEIGHBORS, HOPING THE PROBLEM WILL SOLVE ITSELF . BUT AS WE'VE LEARNED IN THE MIDDLE EAST, HOPE IS NOT A POLICY.
RESOLVE THIS PROBLEM BEFORE A MUCH GREATER CRISIS ERUPTS. AT THAT POINT, IT WILL BE TOO LATE.
Failure to provide relief to Iraqi refugees triggers instability in the region and provokes conflict
Loescher 2 – Gil, The International Institute for Strategic Studies, London
[Dec, http://www.ccis-ucsd.org/PUBLICATIONS/wrkg67.pdf]cn
THE SPECTRE OF RENEWED CONFLICT AND NEW REFUGEE FLOWS HAS GREATLY HEIGHTENED REGIONAL CONCERNS
ALREADY
ABOUT FUTURE INSTABILITY. PAST EXPERIENCE SUGGESTS THAT THE INITIAL RESPONSE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WILL BE TO INSIST
THAT REFUGEES REMAIN IN THE REGION SO AS TO FACILITATE THEIR EARLY REPATRIATION AFTER THE IRAQI REGIME FALLS . BUT IRAQ’S NEIGHBORS HAVE LIMITED CAPACITY
AND INADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE TO ABSORB OR TO HOST LARGE NUMBERS OF REFUGEES. GIVEN THE SEVERE
ECONOMIC CRISES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FACING MANY OF THESE COUNTRIES, IT IS UNREALISTIC TO
EXPECT THESE GOVERNMENTS TO PROVIDE REFUGEES WITH ESSENTIAL GOODS AND SERVICES NOT EVEN AVAILABLE TO
THEIR OWN CITIZENS. THUS, IT IS UNLIKELY THAT THESE COUNTRIES WILL BE ABLE TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE PROTECTION AND
ASSISTANCE TO LARGE NUMBERS OF REFUGEES FOR A PROLONGED TIME WITHOUT EXTENSIVE INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE.
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Middle East Instability Impact
WMDs have changed the calculations – MidEast conflict will lead to extinction
Nassar 2 – Bahig, Arab Coordinating Centre of NGOs, and Afro-Asian People’s Solidary Organization
[Nov 25, keynote paper for Cordoba Dialogue on Peace and Human Rights in Europe and the Middle East, http://www.inesglobal.org/BahigNassar.htm]cn
Wars in the Middle East are of a new type. Formerly, the possession of nuclear weapons by the U nited States and the Soviet
Union had prevented them, under the balance of the nuclear terror, from launching war against each other. In the Mid dle
East, the possession of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction leads to military clashes and wars . Instead of
eliminating weapons of mass destruction, the United States and Israel are using military force to prevent others from acquiring them, while they insist on maintaining their own weapons to pose deadly threats to other nations. But the production, proliferation and threat
use of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear chemical and biological) are among the major global problems which could lead, if left unchecked, to the extinction of life on
or
earth. Different from the limited character of former wars, the current wars in the Middle East manipulate global problems
and escalate their dangers instead of solving them.
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Turns The Case (Generic)
Failure to process backlogged applications depletes the USCIS budget

THE COST TO COMPLETE THE CURRENT

DESPITE MAKING SEVERAL VALID POINTS, USCIS IS MERELY DELAYING THE INEVITABLE AND, IN EFFECT , INCREASING THE COST TO THE AGENCY TO PROCESS THESE CASES.
BACKLOG OF OVER 800,000 I-130 PETITIONS IS MORE THAN $225 MILLION TODAY, BASED ON USCIS’ COST ESTIMATES EXPLAINED IN ITS PROPOSED FEE RULE.26 BECAUSE APPLICANTS
PAID FOR THESE PETITIONS WHEN THEY WERE SUBMITTED IN PREVIOUS YEARS, THEIR PAYMENTS DO NOT COVER TODAY’S
COSTS OR FUTURE USCIS COSTS TO PROCESS THEM. EACH YEAR THAT PROCESSING IS DELAYED THE COST TO USCIS WILL
INCREASE IF FOR NO OTHER REASON THAN TO ACCOUNT FOR INFLATION. THUS, THE FACT THAT USCIS CAN PROCESS EACH OF THESE PETITIONS TO CONCLUSION NOW AND CHOOSES
BY POLICY NOT TO DO SO IS FISCALLY UNWISE.
That turns the case – USCIS funds are tight for 2010 – budget problems hinder the ability to process
refugees
LOC 9 – Library of Congress
[House Report 111-157 - DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY APPROPRIATIONS BILL, 2010, http://www.thomas.gov/cgi-bin/cpquery/?
&dbname=cp111&sid=cp111Ct6ND&refer=&r_n=hr157.111&item=&sel=TOC_424173&]cn
THE MISSION OF U NITED STATES CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES (USCIS) IS TO PROCESS ALL IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT BENEFITS PROVIDED
TO VISITORS TO THE UNITED STATES; ADJUDICATE NATURALIZATION REQUESTS ; PROMOTE NATIONAL SECURITY AS IT RELATES TO IMMIGRATION ISSUES; ELIMINATE IMMIGRATION ADJUDICATION BACKLOGS; AND IMPLEMENT SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE IMMIGRATION
CUSTOMER SERVICES. USCIS ALSO MAINTAINS SUBSTANTIAL RECORDS AND DATA RELATED TO THE INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE APPLIED FOR IMMIGRATION BENEFITS . RECOMMENDATION THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDS $248,000,000 IN DISCRETIONARY
APPROPRIATIONS FOR USCIS, $116,000,000 BELOW THE REQUESTED LEVEL AND $146,260,000 ABOVE THE AMOUNT PROVIDED IN 2009. AS REQUESTED , THE COMMITTEE PROVIDES $25,000,000 TO COMPLETE REAL ID HUB DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE USCIS
APPROPRIATION , BUT WITHHOLDS THE FUNDS FROM OBLIGATION UNTIL USCIS, IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE STATE OR STATES RESPONSIBLE FOR DEVELOPING THE SYSTEM , SUBMITS AN EXPENDITURE PLAN SHOWING HOW THESE FUNDS WILL BE UTILIZED. AS DISCUSSED
BELOW, THE COMMITTEE PROVIDES [ONE HUNDRED MILLION] $100,000,000 OF THE REQUESTED [TWO HUNDRED AND SIX MILLION]
TO PAY FOR PROCESSING REFUGEE APPLICATIONS AND ASYLUM CLAIMS
$206,000,000 . CONSISTENT WITH RECOMMENDATIONS CONTAINED THROUGHOUT THIS REPORT, THE
COMMITTEE PROVIDES NO FUNDING FOR DATA CENTER MIGRATION ACTIVITIES BECAUSE OF THE IG'S RECENT FINDINGS DESCRIBED IN THE CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER SECTION OF THE REPORT REGARDING POSSIBLE UNMITIGATED RISKS AT THE DESTINATION DATA
CENTER SITES . USER FEE FUNDED PROGRAMS THE BUDGET ESTIMATES THAT USCIS WILL MAKE $2,503,232,000 IN FEE-FUNDED EXPENDITURES IN FISCAL YEAR 2010, WHICH ASSUMES THE CONGRESS FUNDS THE ENTIRE DISCRETIONARY REQUEST FOR PROCESSING
ASYLUM, REFUGEE, AND MILITARY NATURALIZATION . REVENUES FROM FEES PAID BY PERSONS APPLYING FOR IMMIGRATION BENEFITS CONSTITUTE THE MAJORITY OF USCIS'S RESOURCES, AND SUPPORT ADJUDICATION OF APPLICATIONS FOR IMMIGRATION BENEFITS AND
THE COMMITTEE IS CONCERNED ABOUT SEVERAL ASPECTS OF THIS FEE-FUNDED EXPENDITURE ESTIMATE.
FRAUD PREVENTION ACTIVITIES .
MOST SIGNIFICANTLY, USCIS REVENUES HAVE FALLEN 6.2 PERCENT BELOW PROJECTIONS FOR THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF 2009, FISCAL YEAR
AND ECONOMIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL INDICATORS SUGGEST THAT FEE REVENUE WILL CONTINUE TO BE BELOW
PROJECTIONS WELL INTO FISCAL YEAR 2010. BASED ON THE COMMITTEE'S ANALYSIS, WITHOUT OPERATIONAL CHANGES, FISCAL YEAR 2010 PROCESSING COSTS MAY EXCEED FEE
COLLECTIONS BY AT LEAST $100,000,000. WHILE THE COMMITTEE DOES NOT DIRECTLY CONTROL USCIS FEE AUTHORITIES, IT BELIEVES THAT THE AGENCY SHOULD CONSTRUCT ITS BUDGET
BASED ON ANTICIPATED REVENUE, NOT ANTICIPATED COST. UNLIKE AGENCIES FOR WHICH CONGRESS DETERMINES APPROPRIATE RESOURCE LEVELS BY LEGISLATING SPECIFIC APPROPRIATIONS,
USCIS IS SUPPOSED TO BALANCE ITS OPERATIONS WITH THE REVENUES IT COLLECTS FROM ITS CUSTOMERS. AS A RESULT, THE
COMMITTEE CANNOT IN GOOD CONSCIENCE PROVIDE USCIS THE AUTHORITY TO EXPEND MORE ON ITS FEE-FUNDED
OPERATIONS THAN WOULD BE SUPPORTED BY PROJECTED REVENUE. THE COMMITTEE IS ALSO TROUBLED THAT USCIS HAS NOT PROVIDED THE PUBLIC WITH A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF
WHETHER OR HOW IT PLANS TO ADJUST APPLICATION FEES TO FINANCE ITS 2010 EXPENDITURE ESTIMATES . THE MARCH 2009 CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (CBO) BASELINE ESTIMATE PROJECTS 2010 FEE COLLECTIONS AT $2,511,000,000, WHICH IS ROUGHLY
EQUIVALENT TO THE THE CBO PROJECTION ASSUMES THE CURRENT SCHEDULE OF IMMIGRATION APPLICATION CHARGES
2010 BUDGET ESTIMATE, EVEN THOUGH
AND DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR A CHANGE IN FINANCING THE COST TO PROCESS REFUGEE APPLICATIONS, ASYLUM CLAIMS, OR MILITARY
NATURALIZATIONS . ALTERNATIVELY , THE USCIS BUDGET ASSUMES THAT NO FEE COLLECTIONS WILL BE EXPENDED TO PROCESS REFUGEE
APPLICATIONS, ASYLUM CLAIMS, AND MILITARY NATURALIZATIONS, AND THAT OTHER PROCESSING COSTS WILL INCREASE DUE TO INFLATIONARY COST GROWTH, PAY RAISES, AND STAFF ANNUALIZATIONS. THESE CONFLICTING
ESTIMATING METHODOLOGIES , COMBINED WITH A LACK OF DETAILED REGULATORY ANALYSIS ON THE PART OF USCIS, MAKE IT EXCEPTIONALLY DIFFICULT FOR THE COMMITTEE AND THE PUBLIC TO UNDERSTAND THE REVENUE OUTLOOK FOR USCIS.
New refugee programs are unfunded mandates that deplete the USCIS budget, destroying agency
effectiveness
THE USCIS FUNDING STRUCTURE IS ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL CHALLENGES TO EFFICIENT AND TIMELY DELIVERY OF
IMMIGRATION SERVICES. THE MANNER IN WHICH USCIS OBTAINS ITS FUNDING AFFECTS EVERY FACET OF USCIS
OPERATIONS, INCLUDING THE ABILITY TO: (1) IMPLEMENT NEW PROGRAM AND PROCESSING INITIATIVES; (2) BEGIN
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND OTHER TRANSFORMATION EFFORTS; AND (3) PLAN FOR THE FUTURE. CONGRESS MANDATES
THAT USCIS BE SELF-FUNDED. THIS INCLUDES COVERING THE COST OF PROGRAMS FOR WHICH THE AGENCY CHARGES NO FEES, I.E., “UNFUNDED
MANDATES,” SUCH AS ASYLUM AND REFUGEE PROCESSING AND U.S. ARMED FORCES NATURALIZATION FILINGS, AS WELL AS OPERATIONAL OVERHEAD AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MODERNIZATION .
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Turns Human Rights Credibility
Bringing in Iraqi refugees key to U.S. human rights credibility

[Jun, http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/rights_wire/RightsWire_55.htm]cn
THE U S
HAS A TRADITION OF GIVING REFUGE TO THE PERSECUTED AND ASSISTANCE TO THE VICTIMS OF WAR, ADMITTING
NITED TATES
MORE THAN THE UNITED STATES MUST DO MORE. MANY

2.6 MILLION REFUGEES SINCE 1975. AND YET WE HAVE ESSENTIALLY REFUSED TO OPEN OUR DOORS TO IRAQI REFUGEES, RESETTLING ONLY A SINGLE IRAQI LAST MONTH.
IRAQI REFUGEES HELPED THE U.S. BUT WILL NOT RECEIVE HELP IN RETURN. AS THIS CRISIS GROWS, THE PROTECTION OF REFUGEES, THE
STABILITY OF THE REGION, AND THE MORAL CREDIBILITY OF THE UNITED STATES ARE ALL AT RISK. IT IS PAST TIME FOR THE UNITED STATES TO LEAD THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO ADDRESS THIS CRISIS IN A COMPREHENSIVE MANNER. DURING THE FIRST ACTION HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST INITIATED TO HELP MORE IRAQI REFUGEES GAIN ASSISTANCE , 6,500 HRF SUPPORTERS JOINED US IN CALLING ON U.S. SENATORS
TO COSPONSOR A BIPARTISAN BILL INTRODUCED BY SENATORS EDWARD KENNEDY AND GORDON SMITH. THE “REFUGEE CRISIS IN IRAQ ACT” WILL ALLOW PERSECUTED IRAQIS WHO HAVE CLOSE TIES TO THE UNITED STATES - EITHER THROUGH WORK OR THROUGH
FAMILY - TO APPLY DIRECTLY TO THE U.S. REFUGEE PROGRAM. THE BILL ALSO CREATES 5,000 SPECIAL VISAS FOR IRAQIS WHO WORKED DIRECTLY WITH THE UNITED STATES , AND ASKS THAT WE PROTECT THOSE WHO ARE IN IMMINENT DANGER OF DEATH. FINALLY, IT
ASKS THE HOSTING LARGE NUMBERS OF IRAQIS TO DEVELOP LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS AND AID PACKAGES TO HELP THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE REFUGEES WHO
SECRETARY OF STATE TO WORK WITH COUNTRIES IN THE REGION
WILL REMAIN IN THE REGION. IT IS A VITAL STEP TOWARD ADDRESSING THIS GROWING CRISIS AND MAINTAINING OUR NATION’S MORAL
CREDIBILITY.
U.S. refugee leadership key to our human rights credibility and successful global refugee settlement
[Dec, http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/pdf/081204-ASY-asylum-blueprint.pdf]cn
THE U NITED STATES HAS LONG BEEN RECOGNIZED AS A BEACON OF HOPE AND SAFETY FOR THE PERSECUTED AROUND THE
WORLD. THIS TRADITION OF PROVIDING REFUGE TO VICTIMS OF RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL, ETHNIC AND OTHER FORMS OF PERSECUTION IS CENTRAL TO OUR IDENTITY
AS A NATION COMMITTED TO FREEDOM AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN DIGNITY. THIS HISTORIC COMMITMENT IS CODIFIED IN CORE
LEGAL OBLIGATIONS TO WHICH THE UNITED STATES HAS SUBSCRIBED. AS A SIGNATORY TO THE 1967 PROTOCOL TO THE 1951 CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OR REFUGEES, THE UNITED
STATES HAS PLEDGED NOT TO RETURN PEOPLE TO PLACES WHERE THEIR LIVES OR FREEDOM WOULD BE THREATENED BECAUSE OF THEIR RACE, RELIGION, NATIONALITY, SOCIAL GROUP OR POLITICAL OPINIONS. THIS INTERNATIONAL LEGAL OBLIGATION WAS
IMPLEMENTED FORMALLY IN THE REFUGEE ACT OF 1980. IN 2007 THERE WERE APPROXIMATELY 11.4 MILLION REFUGEES WORLD WIDE, THE VAST MAJORITY DISPLACED FROM THEIR HOME LANDS TO NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. ONLY A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF THE
LAST YEAR, 50,700 PEOPLE APPLIED FOR ASYLUM IN THE UNITED STATES; 25,270 WERE GRANTED PROTECTION.I BECAUSE OF ITS IDENTITY AS A
TOTAL NUMBER OF REFUGEES SOUGHT ASYLUM IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES.
NATION OF IMMIGRANTS AND ITS LEADERSHIP ROLE IN CRAFTING INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR REFUGEE PROTECTION, U.S.
TREATMENT OF REFUGEES SETS THE GLOBAL STANDARD. WHEN U.S. LEADERSHIP FALTERS, THAT STANDARD IS ERODED,
AND REFUGEES FACE INCREASED RISKS.
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Turns Refugee Leadership
Asylum in the U.S. for refugees fleeing wars is uniquely key to U.S. refugee leadership and an effective
international refugee protection system
Schoenholtz 5 – Andrew, Deputy Director of the Institute for the Study of International Migration and teaches refugee
and immigration law and policy at Georgetown Law
[Spring, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, LEXIS]cn
THE ANSWER TO FLOW OF HAITIAN ASYLUM SEEKERS IS REGIONAL PROTECTION. 156 THAT MEANS PROTECTION FOR SOME IN THE UNITED STATES AND FOR
THE IMMEDIATE
OTHERS ELSEWHERE IN THE REGION. WHILE THE CHALLENGES TO DEVELOPING SUCH SHARED RESPONSIBILITY ARE SIGNIFICANT, THE
PRESIDENT'S SOLUTION BOTH HARMS PEOPLE WHO DESERVE PROTECTION AND DIMINISHES THE INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP ROLE THAT THE UNITED STATES
NEEDS TO PERFORM IN ENCOURAGING OTHER STATES TO PROTECT REFUGEES. GIVEN THAT MOST REFUGEES SEEK ASYLUM
IN DEVELOPING STATES 157, THIS LEADERSHIP ROLE IS CRITICAL TO AN EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION SYSTEM.
THE UNITED STATES CAN ALSO SHOW LEADERSHIP BY PROTECTING REFUGEES FLEEING CONFLICT. MOST OF THE ASYLUM SEEKERS WHO SEEK PROTECTION IN THE UNITED
STATES COME FROM SUCH COUNTRIES. WHILE THE UNITED STATES PROTECTS THOSE WITH A WELL-FOUNDED FEAR OF PERSECUTION, U.S. LAWS DO NOT PROVIDE ANY HUMANITARIAN STATUS ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS TO THOSE WHO HAVE A WELL FOUNDED FEAR OF
DEATH . A LIMITED GROUP PROTECTION IS PROVIDED AT THE DISCRETION OF THE SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY , BUT EVEN THAT HIGHLY POLITICAL DETERMINATION DOES NOT PROTECT PEOPLE FLEEING AN ONGOING CIVIL CONFLICT. 158 WHILE THE UNITED
RATHER THAN LEAVE SUCH INDIVIDUALS

[*364] STATES GENERALLY DOES NOT DEPORT SUCH REFUGEES, THE LAWS LEAVE THEM WITHOUT RIGHTS TO STAY IN THE UNITED STATES AND PURSUE LIVELIHOODS .
WITHOUT RIGHTS, THE U NITED S

TATES SHOULD ESTABLISH AN INDIVIDUAL HUMANITARIAN STATUS TO PROTECT THOSE FLEEING CIVIL CONFLICT. 159
Resettlement of Iraqi refugees key to U.S. refugee leadership

Taft 7 – Julia, former director of the Interagency Task Force for Indochinese Refugee Resettlement and assistant secretary
of state for population, refugees and migration
[Jun 27, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/22/AR2007062201716.html]cn
I FOUND MYSELF THINKING OF THIS HUSBAND AND WIFE LAST WEEK, AS WORLD REFUGEE DAY PASSED, AND STRUGGLING WITH A TERRIBLE CONTRADICTION. THE U
IS THE WORLD'S MOST GENEROUS NITED STATES
CONTRIBUTOR TO REFUGEE RELIEF, AND WE HAVE ALWAYS TAKEN THE LEAD ON RESETTLING REFUGEES. YET OUR COUNTRY HAS DONE THE
BARE MINIMUM TO HELP THESE IRAQIS FACING DEATH AND EXILE. INSTEAD OF CLEARING THE WAY FOR THEIR RESETTLEMENT, WE HAVE BLOCKED THEIR PATH TO
SAFETY WITH BUREAUCRATIC BARRIERS AND POLITICAL HURDLES. PRESIDENT BUSH SHOULD LOOK TO ANOTHER REPUBLICAN PRESIDENT, GERALD FORD, AS AN EXAMPLE OF EXECUTIVE
LEADERSHIP IN ADDRESSING REFUGEE CRISES. IN 1975 PRESIDENT FORD ASKED ME TO DIRECT AN INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE CHARGED WITH RESETTLING INDOCHINESE REFUGEES IN THE UNITED STATES . BETWEEN MAY 1 AND DEC. 20, 1975, WE EVACUATED AND
RESETTLED MORE THAN 131,000 VIETNAMESE WHO WERE AT RISK OF PERSECUTION . WE RESCUED THESE PEOPLE IN THE FACE OF FIERCE POLITICAL OPPOSITION . INITIALLY , FOR EXAMPLE, CALIFORNIA GOV. JERRY BROWN ANNOUNCED THAT HE WANTED NO REFUGEES
IN HIS STATE . WE OVERCAME HIS RELUCTANCE AND ALL OTHER OBSTACLES BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT HAD COMMITTED TO DOING EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO SAVE THE LIVES OF THE VIETNAMESE WHO HAD STOOD BESIDE US. FORD PERSUADED REPUBLICANS AND
DEMOCRATS IN CONGRESS TO APPROPRIATE EMERGENCY FUNDS, AND HE VISITED REFUGEES AWAITING RESETTLEMENT AT FORT CHAFFEE IN ARKANSAS. AMERICAN FAMILIES , CHURCHES AND SYNAGOGUES RESPONDED TO THE PRESIDENT'S LEADERSHIP WITH OFFERS TO
SPONSOR REFUGEES IN NEED. AT STAGING GROUNDS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC, OUR IMMIGRATION OFFICERS WORKED 14-HOUR DAYS. WHY IS THERE NO SIMILAR SENSE OF URGENCY FOR THE 4.2 MILLION IRAQIS DISPLACED AND IN DANGER? PRESIDENT BUSH HIMSELF
HAS YET TO SPEAK OF THE CRISIS. ALTHOUGH MEMBERS OF HIS ADMINISTRATION CLAIM TO HAVE MADE IRAQI REFUGEES A TOP PRIORITY , ADMISSION NUMBERS TELL A DIFFERENT STORY. ONLY ONE IRAQI REFUGEE MADE IT THROUGH OUR PROCESS TO SAFETY IN THE
UNITED STATES IN MAY, AND ONLY ONE MADE IT THE MONTH BEFORE. THE UNITED STATES HAS COMMITTED TO REVIEWING 7,000 CASES AND ADMITTING 3,000 REFUGEES BY THE END OF THIS FISCAL YEAR, IN SEPTEMBER. THAT IS AS MANY AS OUR TEAM PROCESSED
IN A SINGLE DAY BACK IN 1975. WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO OUR LEADERSHIP ? THE ADMINISTRATION AND CONGRESS CANNOT WASTE
ON THIS ISSUE
ANY MORE TIME. THEIR LACK OF POLITICAL WILL HAS COST TOO MANY PEOPLE THEIR LIVES. A BILL INTRODUCED LAST WEEK BY
WOULD BEGIN THIS PROCESS BY SWIFTLY PROVIDING INCREASED

SENS. EDWARD KENNEDY (D-MASS.) AND GORDON SMITH (R-ORE.), THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN IRAQ ACT,
RESETTLEMENT OPTIONS AND VISAS FOR THOSE AT RISK BECAUSE OF THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH THE UNITED STATES. THE PRESIDENT ALSO SHOULD DIRECT THAT 20,000 UNALLOCATED REFUGEE VISAS FROM THIS YEAR BE USED FOR IRAQIS.
FINALLY, WE MUST INCREASE AID TO COUNTRIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST THAT COMBINED ARE HOSTING 2 MILLION IRAQIS; THIS WOULD HELP ENSURE THAT THE REFUGEES CAN STAY AND THAT THE HOST COUNTRIES REMAIN WILLING TO KEEP THEIR DOORS OPEN.
THE BEST SOLUTION TO THE IRAQI REFUGEE CRISIS IS A STABLE HOMELAND TO WHICH REFUGEES CAN
ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS SAY THAT
RETURN. NO ONE WANTS THAT SOLUTION MORE THAN THE REFUGEES THEMSELVES, BUT CONDITIONS IN IRAQ ARE NOT HEADING IN THAT DIRECTION. THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS
MUST NOT BECOME A PAWN IN POLITICAL PRONOUNCEMENTS ABOUT THE STATE OF OUR EFFORTS IN IRAQ. THIS WAS TRUE WITH RESPECT TO OUR RESCUE OF VIETNAMESE REFUGEES , AND IT IS TRUE NOW. NO MATTER YOUR VIEW OF THE WAR,
WELCOMING THE PERSECUTED AND STANDING BY OUR FRIENDS IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO.
The U.S. started the Iraqi refugee problem – inaction on this issue is uniquely key to refugee leadership
Limon 7 – Lavinia, President of the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Director of the Office of Refugee
Resettlement
[www.refugees.org/uploadedFiles/Investigate/Publications_&_Archives/WRS_Archives/2007/SilentSurge.pdf]cn
THE U NITED STATES MUST ACKNOWLEDGE OUR SPECIAL OBLIGATION TO IRAQI REFUGEES. AS AMERICANS, WE MAY HAVE SUPPORTED
THE INVASION OF IRAQ FOUR YEARS AGO OR OPPOSED THE MILITARY ACTION. AS AMERICANS, WE MAY BELIEVE WE SHOULD CONTINUE OUR MILITARY EFFORTS UNTIL VICTORY OR SUPPORT
AN IMMEDIATE WITHDRAWAL. THIS DEBATE AND ITS OUTCOME, AS IMPORTANT AS IT IS, WILL NOT CHANGE THE FACT THAT NEARLY TWO MILLION PEOPLE HAVE FLED
FROM VIOLENCE, TERROR, PERSECUTION, AND INSECURITY. THE SAD AND SALIENT FACT IS THAT AMERICA HAS BEEN UNABLE TO PROTECT THESE PEOPLE WHILE THEY WERE IN IRAQ. WE HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO PROTECT FORMER
EMPLOYEES OF THE U.S. MILITARY, AMERICAN EMBASSY, AMERICAN CONTRACTORS, OR HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS. WE HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO PROTECT RELIGIOUS MINORITIES INCLUDING MANDEANS AND CHALDEAN CHRISTIANS. WE HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO
PROTECT MIXED WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY

SUNNI-SHI’A FAMILIES . WE HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO PROTECT OVER 40 PERCENT OF IRAQ’S PROFESSIONAL CLASS THAT COMPRISE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF A STABLE SOCIETY. AT THIS TIME,
TO ACCEPT OUR SPECIAL OBLIGATION AND EXERT LEADERSHIP DESIGNED TO PROTECT THESE MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN WHILE THEY ARE IN
EXILE. WE SHOULD DO THIS NOT ONLY BECAUSE WE BEAR SOME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR PLIGHT, NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO, BUT BECAUSE THE WORLD IS WATCHING
HOW WE RESPOND WHEN PEOPLE WHO JOINED OUR EFFORTS ARE IN TROUBLE. WILL WE EMBRACE OUR FORMER ALLIES AND SUPPORTERS
AND LEAD THE EFFORT? WILL WE HIDE BEHIND OUR STANDARD PRACTICE IN RESPONDING TO A REFUGEE CRISIS AND
PROVIDE 30 PERCENT OF THE MINIMAL MATERIAL ASSISTANCE REQUESTED BY THE UNHCR? WILL WE CONTINUE TO SUPPORT POLICIES THAT DEPRIVE REFUGEES OF THEIR RIGHTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW AND PROVIDE SCANT
PROTECTION FOR REFUGEES WORLDWIDE?
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Turns Sex Trafficking
Failure of U.S. to take in Iraqi refugees means they inevitably must go to Syria
Arbuthnot 7 – Felicity, frequent contributor to Global Research
[Jul 20, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=6384]cn
"IF WE WERE TO TAKE LEGAL ACTION AGAINST THE BRITISH AND THE AMERICANS,
CREATED THIS CATASTROPHE FOR ALL IRAQIS, THE PROBLEM WOULD BE HOW TO EVEN IMAGINE WHAT DEGREE
WHO
OF COMPENSATION TO ASK FOR," SAID REFUGEE WITH THE USUAL US ARM-

ABD-AL HAMEED IN JORDAN. HIS VOICE TRAILED OFF AS HE CHOKED BACK TEARS. IN 1991, IN DIFFERENT AND, AS EVER, COMPLEX WAYS IN THE REGION -
TWISTING - SYRIA AND JORDAN SUPPORTED THE US-LED BOMBARDMENT OF IRAQ AFTER ITS INVASION OF KUWAIT. SUBSEQUENTLY THEY HAVE HELD OUT
THEIR HANDS TO DEVASTATED IRAQIS. BOTH ARE PAYING A HUGE PRICE. THE UNITED STATES - POPULATION JUST OVER 302 MILLION AS OF
JULY 2007 - HAS TAKEN IN JUST 600 IRAQIS SINCE THE 2003 INVASION. IN BRITAIN, IT IS THOUGHT THAT 7,500 IRAQIS HAVE CLAIMED ASYLUM SINCE THE 2003 INVASION.
That turns their sex trade advantage

New York Times 7
[May 29, Desperate Iraqi Refugees Turn to Sex Trade in Syria]cn
INEXPENSIVE IRAQI PROSTITUTES HAVE HELPED MAKE SYRIA A POPULAR DESTINATION FOR SEX TOURISTS FROM
TO
WEALTHIER COUNTRIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST. IN THE CLUB’S PARKING LOT, NEARLY HALF OF THE CARS HAD SAUDI LICENSE PLATES. FROM DAMASCUS IT IS ONLY ABOUT SIX HOURS BY CAR, PASSING THROUGH JORDAN, TO THE SAUDI
BORDER . SYRIA, WHERE IT IS RELATIVELY EASY TO BUY ALCOHOL AND DANCE WITH WOMEN, IS POPULAR AS A LOW-COST WEEKEND DESTINATION FOR GROUPS OF SAUDI MEN. AND THOUGH SOME WOMEN OF OTHER
NATIONALITIES, INCLUDING RUSSIANS AND MOROCCANS, STILL WORK AS PROSTITUTES IN DAMASCUS, ABEER, A 23-YEAR-OLD FROM BAGHDAD WORKING AT THE SAME CLUB AS HIBA, EXPLAINED THAT THE
ARRIVING IRAQIS HAD PUSHED MANY OF THEM OUT OF BUSINESS. “FROM WHAT I’VE SEEN, 70 PERCENT TO 80 PERCENT OF THE GIRLS WORKING THIS
BUSINESS IN DAMASCUS TODAY ARE IRAQIS,” SHE SAID. “THE RENTS HERE IN SYRIA ARE TOO EXPENSIVE FOR THEIR FAMILIES. IF THEY GO BACK TO
IRAQ THEY’LL BE SLAUGHTERED, AND THIS IS THE ONLY WORK AVAILABLE.”
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Iraqi Instability Impact Module
Lack of refugee resettlement destabilizes Iraq

New York Times 8
[Feb 5, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/05/washington/05refugee.html]cn
“IT’S HARD TO IMAGINE A STABLE IRAQ WHEN MILLIONS OF IRAQIS ARE LANGUISHING IN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES,” SAID
AN OFFICIAL
KRISTELE YOUNES, THE U S MADE A PLEDGE TO ADDRESS THE IRAQI REFUGEE CRISIS
OF THE GROUP. “A YEAR AGO, NITED TATES AND WE HAVE FAILED TO KEEP
THAT PROMISE.” WITHIN THE STATE DEPARTMENT, SOME OFFICIALS , SPEAKING ON THE CONDITION OF ANONYMITY BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT AUTHORIZED TO DISCUSS THE SUBJECT PUBLICLY , SAY THAT THE SYSTEM IS SIMPLY NOT SET UP TO EXPEDITE IMMIGRATION
REQUESTS . THE BOTTLENECKS FACING IRAQIS WHO SEEK TO ENTER THE U NITED STATES ARE A SUBSET OF A LARGER PROBLEM FACING REFUGEES
FROM IRAQ.WHILE A LARGE NUMBER OF IRAQIS HAVE RETURNED TO THE COUNTRY IN RECENT MONTHS AS THE SECURITY SITUATION HAS IMPROVED, THE UNITED NATIONS ESTIMATED LATE LAST
YEAR THAT SOME TWO MILLION IRAQIS HAD FLED TO SYRIA, JORDAN AND OTHER NEIGHBORS.
Nuclear World War III

Corsi 7 – Jerome, Ph.D., doctorate in Political Science from Harvard
[Jan. 8, “War with Iran is Imminent,” http://www.worldnetdaily.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=39593]cn
If a broader war breaks out in Iraq, Olmert will certainly face pressure to send the Israel military into the Gaza after Hamas and into
Lebanon after Hezbollah. If that happens, it will only be a matter of time before Israel and the U.S. have no choice but to invade
Syria. The Iraq war could quickly spin into a regional war, with Israel waiting on the sidelines ready to launch an air and
missile strike on Iran that could include tactical nuclear weapons. With Russia ready to deliver the $1 billion TOR M-1 surface-to-air missile defense system to
Iran, military leaders are unwilling to wait too long to attack Iran. Now that Russia and China have invited Iran to join their Shanghai Cooperation Pact, will Russia and China sit
by idly should the U.S. look like we are winning a wider regional war in the Middle East? If we get more deeply involved
in Iraq, China may have their moment to go after Taiwan once and for all. A broader regional war could easily lead into a third
world war, much as World Wars I and II began.
Iraqi Reugees – Terrorism Impact Module
Failure to take in Iraqi refugees ruins U.S. credibility in the region

Delahunt 8 – U.S. Representative
[Feb 26, LEXIS]cn
WE OWN A DESPERATE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS WITH PROFOUND CONSEQUENCES, IT'S NOT URGENTLY ADDRESSED. THERE ARE MORE THAN
WHILE
FOUR- AND-A-HALF MILLION IRAQIS WHO ARE TODAY EITHER REFUGEES OUTSIDE OF IRAQ, OR ARE SO-CALLED IDPS, INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS, PRIMARILY AS A RESULT OF THE SECTARIAN
CLEANSING THAT HAS OCCURRED IN IRAQ OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS. I WOULD SUBMIT THAT THIS SAD REALITY IMPOSES A MORAL RESPONSIBILITY ON THIS ADMINISTRATION AND THIS CONGRESS, FOR WE CANNOT DENY THAT THE APPROXIMATE CAUSE OF THIS
IT IS BELIEVED BY MANY THIS IS AN AMERICAN-MADE CRISIS. OUR RESPONSE,

HUMAN TRAGEDY IS THE INVASION OF IRAQ AND ITS AFTERMATH . THAT
THEREFORE, MUST BE TIMELY, DECISIVE AND FULLY-RESOURCED -- BECAUSE IT IS , REFLECTIVE OF WHO WE ARE NOT SIMPLY RIGHT AND IS
AS A PEOPLE AND OUR VALUES, IT WILL PREVENT THE FURTHER EROSION OF HOW WE ARE VIEWED IN THE REGION.
BUT BECAUSE ALSO
That’s key to solving terrorism

Pan 4 – Michael, senior policy analyst for national security and international policy at the Center for American Progress
[Aug 24, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2004/08/b165288.html]cn
WHY IS CREDIBILITY SO IMPORTANT? T HE CONVENTIONAL WISDOM FOCUSES ON CREDIBILITY FOR CREDIBILITY 'S SAKE, BUT MISSES THE REAL POINT: THE WAR ON TERRORISM CANNOT
BE WON IF THE REST OF THE WORLD MISTRUSTS THE U NITED S
TATES. AT THE START OF THE WAR ON TERRORISM, THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION SENT A CLEAR MESSAGE TO THE WORLD'S NATIONS:
AMERICA MUST ALWAYS STAND UP FOR ITSELF, WE CAN NEITHER PROTECT NOR DEFEND
"YOU'RE EITHER WITH US, OR AGAINST US." AFTER THREE YEARS, IT APPEARS THAT FAR TOO FEW ARE WITH US. WHILE
OURSELVES IF WE CONTINUE TO GO IT ALONE. WITHOUT MEANINGFUL AND SUSTAINED INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, WE CAN NEITHER FIGHT TERRORISM EFFECTIVELY NOR WIN. HERE'S WHY: * SECURING THE WORLD'S PORTS. THE
CONTAINER SECURITY INITIATIVE (CSI) IS DESIGNED TO PLACE CUSTOMS INSPECTORS IN PORTS WORLDWIDE IN ORDER TO PRE-SCREEN 70 PERCENT OF U.S.-BOUND CARGO. ONLY A FEW OF THE 20 PLANNED PORTS WORLDWIDE HAVE ENTERED THE PROGRAM. THE
CSI PARTICIPANTS IS HEAVY ON PORTS IN EUROPE AND ASIA, BUT LACKS ANY PORTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND INCLUDES ONLY ONE IN AFRICA. THE UNITED STATES NEEDS TO WORK WITH THE ENTIRE
CURRENT LIST OF
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO QUICKLY EXPAND THIS PROGRAM TO REDUCE THE HUGE VULNERABILITY OF THE WORLD'S PORTS. * CONTROLLING
PROLIFERATION . THE ASPEN STRATEGY GROUP RECENTLY CONCLUDED THAT THE THREAT OF A NUCLEAR ATTACK IS MUCH GREATER THAN THE PUBLIC REALIZES. ONLY ELEVEN NATIONS HAVE COMMITTED TO A VERSION OF THE PROLIFERATION SECURITY INITIATIVE
(PSI), AIMED AT STOPPING SHIPMENTS OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION WORLDWIDE. THE 9/11 COMMISSION CALLED FOR PARTICIPATION IN PSI TO BE EXTENDED TO NON-NATO COUNTRIES, SPECIFICALLY RUSSIA AND CHINA. TO INTERDICT A SHIP, THE UNITED
STATES MUST SECURE PERMISSION FROM THE FLAG STATE OF THE VESSEL IN QUESTION OR THE STATE WHOSE COASTAL WATERS ARE BEING USED FOR NAVIGATION. OTHERWISE, A UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION IS NEEDED. U.S.
CREDIBILITY IS KEY TO CONVINCING MORE NATIONS, PARTICULARLY THOSE IN AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST, TO PARTICIPATE IN THE PSI OR TO GAIN SUPPORT WITHIN THE
SECURITY COUNCIL. * ROOTING OUT TERRORISTS. THE WAR ON TERRORISM INVOLVES NOT ONLY PREVENTING TERRORIST ATTACKS BEFORE THEY OCCUR, BUT ALSO ROOTING OUT TERRORIST SANCTUARIES AROUND THE WORLD. THE 9/11
COMMISSION REPORT WRITES THAT THE UNITED STATES MUST "REACH OUT, LISTEN TO, AND WORK WITH OTHER COUNTRIES THAT CAN HELP." WHILE THE ADMINISTRATION HAS FORMED A RELATIONSHIP WITH PAKISTAN, IT MUST ALSO
WORK WITH OTHER WEAK STATES THAT ARE HAVENS FOR TERRORISTS, SUCH AS AFGHANISTAN AND SAUDI ARABIA . * DISRUPTING TERRORIST FINANCIAL NETWORKS. SMALL AMOUNTS OF
MONEY CAN FUND DEVASTATING ATTACKS. SINCE 9/11, $200 MILLION IN TERRORIST ASSETS HAS BEEN SEIZED , MOSTLY FROM ABROAD, BUT THE SEIZURE RATE HAS DRAMATICALLY SLOWED. A NEW MULTILATERAL INITIATIVE LED BY THE UNITED STATES IS NEEDED.
ACCORDING TO THE 9/11 COMMISSION, "MULTILATERAL FREEZING MECHANISMS NOW REQUIRE WAITING PERIODS BEFORE BEING PUT INTO EFFECT , ELIMINATING THE ELEMENT OF SURPRISE AND THUS VIRTUALLY ENSURING THAT LITTLE MONEY IS ACTUALLY FROZEN."
AS A RESULT, "WORLDWIDE ASSET FREEZES HAVE NOT BEEN ADEQUATELY ENFORCED AND HAVE BEEN EASILY CIRCUMVENTED." * BREAKING UP TERRORIST COMMUNICATIONS. TERRORISTS CONTINUE TO USE BOTH LOW- AND HIGH-TECH COMMUNICATIONS. RECENT
RAIDS BY PAKISTAN UNEARTHED THE INFORMATION THAT TERRORISTS HAD BEEN MONITORING U.S. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. THE UNITED TATESS NEEDS INTELLIGENCE FROM OTHER NATIONS .
MONITORING OSAMA BIN LADEN'S LOW-TECH MEANS OF COMMUNICATING FROM HIDING – SUCH AS PUTTING A MESSAGE ON THE BACK OF A DONKEY – REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE FROM OTHER NATIONS. * SHARING THE BURDEN. THE UNITED STATES CURRENTLY HAS
19,000 TROOPS IN AFGHANISTAN, BUT NATO'S INTERNATIONAL SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE IS PROVIDING ONLY 6,536, INCLUDING CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES . IN IRAQ, THE U.S. HAS RECEIVED LITTLE INTERNATIONAL HELP IN FOOTING THE $144.4
THE LESS CREDIBILITY THE UNITED STATES HAS, THE LESS THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WILL WANT TO WORK WITH
BILLION BILL.
US, AND THE MORE WE WILL HAVE TO PAY. THE PRESIDENT STATES, "WE ARE FIGHTING THIS EVIL [TERRORISM] IN IRAQ SO WE DO NOT HAVE TO FIGHT IT ON THE STREETS OF OUR OWN CITIES." BUT EVERY DAY, WE DO
HAVE TO FIGHT IT IN OUR OWN CITIES, AS WELL AS IN AFGHANISTAN , SYRIA, THE PHILIPPINES , ALGERIA, AND INDONESIA . WE CANNOT GO IT ALONE. COOPERATION MATTERS AND WE NEED OUR
CREDIBILITY INTACT TO SECURE IT.
Extinction
Alexander 2 – Yonah, Senior Fellow and Director of the International Center for Terrorism Studies
[2/28; http://www.wisc.edu/wisconsinpress/terrorism.html]cn
THE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 ATTACKS IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT TERRORISM HAS UNFORTUNATELY BECOME A PERMANENT FEATURE OF CONTEMPORARY LIFE. THE SAFETY AND WELFARE OF ORDINARY PEOPLE, THE STABILITY OF STATE SYSTEMS,
TODAY'S TERRORISTS ARE BETTER

THE HEALTH AND PACE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT , THE EXPANSION OF DEMOCRACY, AND EVEN SURVIVAL OF CIVILIZATION ITSELF ARE ALL THREATENED BY THIS PHENOMENON.
ORGANIZED, MORE PROFESSIONAL, AND BETTER EQUIPPED THAN THEIR HISTORICAL COUNTERPARTS. TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENTS OFFER NEW TARGETS-AND THEIR POSSIBLE USE OF CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND NUCLEAR VIOLENCE TO ACHIEVE
MASS DISRUPTION OR POLITICAL TURMOIL IS A REAL POSSIBILITY. THE ADVENT OF INFORMATION WARFARE AND CYBER-TERRORISM IS
A NEW FEATURE OF THIS POTENTIAL CHALLENGE TO THE VERY SURVIVAL OF CIVILIZATION.
Iraqi Refugees Disad – Morality Impact
The U.S. has a moral obligation to resolve the plight of the Iraqi refugees
Delahunt 8 – U.S. Representative
[Feb 26, LEXIS]cn
WHILE WE OWN A DESPERATE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS WITH PROFOUND CONSEQUENCES, IT'S NOT URGENTLY ADDRESSED. THERE ARE MORE THAN
FOUR- AND-A-HALF MILLION IRAQIS WHO ARE TODAY EITHER REFUGEES OUTSIDE OF IRAQ, OR ARE SO-CALLED IDPS, INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS, PRIMARILY AS A RESULT OF THE SECTARIAN
CLEANSING THAT HAS OCCURRED IN IRAQ OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS. I WOULD SUBMIT THAT THIS SAD REALITY IMPOSES A MORAL RESPONSIBILITY ON THIS
ADMINISTRATION AND THIS CONGRESS, FOR WE CANNOT DENY THAT THE APPROXIMATE CAUSE OF THIS HUMAN TRAGEDY IS
THE INVASION OF IRAQ AND ITS AFTERMATH. IT IS BELIEVED BY MANY THAT THIS IS AN AMERICAN-MADE CRISIS. OUR RESPONSE, THEREFORE, MUST BE TIMELY,
DECISIVE AND FULLY-RESOURCED -- NOT SIMPLY BECAUSE IT IS RIGHT, AND IS REFLECTIVE OF WHO WE ARE AS A PEOPLE AND OUR
VALUES, BUT BECAUSE IT WILL ALSO PREVENT THE FURTHER EROSION OF HOW WE ARE VIEWED IN THE REGION.
The U.S. displaced the Iraqi refugees – we have a moral obligation to solve their plight
Downes 7 – Eleanor, Staff Writer, BOSTON COLLEGE THIRD WORLD LAW JOURNAL
[Spring, Boston Third World Law Journal, LEXIS]cn
IN THE 1980S, ACTIVISTS OPPOSED TO U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND TO THE UNEQUAL APPLICATION OF STATUTORY PROTECTIONS FOR REFUGEES ARGUED THAT HUMANITARIAN POLICY NEEDED TO ALIGN MORE CLOSELY TO FOREIGN POLICY TO ENSURE
90 THEY IDENTIFIED AN INCONSISTENCY IN CONTRIBUTING TO VIOLENCE AND UPHEAVAL THAT DROVE

THE SAFETY OF MILLIONS OF PERSECUTED MIGRANTS.
MILLIONS FROM THEIR HOMES WITHOUT PROVIDING SUFFICIENT REFUGE FOR DISLOCATED VICTIMS OF PERSECUTION. 91 THE SAME ARGUMENT HAS BEEN MADE
REGARDING THE U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN IRAQ, PERHAPS WITH EVEN GREATER FORCE DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE UNITED STATES HAS INVADED AND
OCCUPIED IRAQ. 92 SEN. EDWARD KENNEDY (D-MASS.) EXPRESSED THIS SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY: "THE REFUGEES ARE WITNESSES TO THE CRUELTY THAT STAINS OUR AGE, AND THEY CANNOT BE OVERLOOKED. AMERICA BEARS
HEAVY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR PLIGHT. WE HAVE A CLEAR OBLIGATION TO STOP IGNORING IT AND HELP CHART A
SENSIBLE COURSE TO EASE THE REFUGEE CRISIS. TIME IS NOT ON OUR SIDE." 93
Iraqi Refugees Disad – AT: U.S. Residency Bad
Joblessness among settled Iraqi refugees is on the decline and is irrelevant since the alternatives to U.S.
asylum are much worse
PBS 9 – Public Broadcasting Service
[Jun 2, http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/interactives-extras/interviews/iraq-refugees/4842/]cn
THE U NITED STATES USED TO SETTLE IRAQIS IN STATES LIKE MICHIGAN, WHICH IS HOME TO THE NATION’S LARGEST ARAB AND MUSLIM COMMUNITIES . BUT WITH THE 13
PERCENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN THAT STATE, AND HUNDREDS OF LAYOFFS ANNOUNCED THERE ALMOST MONTHLY, IRAQIS ARE BEING REDIRECTED TO OTHER
AREAS WITH SIMILAR COMMUNITIES LIKE EL CAJON ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF SAN DIEGO, AND TO CITIES LIKE HOUSTON, TEXAS - WHERE THE
UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL IN APRIL WAS 6.3 PERCENT. “WE CAN TRACK HOW LONG IT TAKES PEOPLE TO FIND JOBS,” SAID AARON TATE,
DIRECTOR OF REFUGEE SERVICES AT INTERFAITH MINISTRIES IN HOUSTON. “IT WAS TAKING PEOPLE AN EXTRA MONTH FOR A WHILE, BUT NOW
WE’RE BACK TO THREE MONTHS, WHICH WE FEEL GOOD ABOUT CONSIDERING THAT THEY HAVE NO WORK EXPERIENCE IN THE
UNITED STATES.” INTERFAITH MINISTRIES SERVES REFUGEES WITH VARYING LEVELS OF EDUCATION, BUT MOST OF THEM FIND ENTRY LEVEL WORK DOING MANUFACTURING OR STOCKING WAREHOUSES. “WE’VE ALWAYS ADVISED OUR CLIENTS
THAT THIS IS A NATION OF IMMIGRANTS, BUT IT IS ALSO A NATION OF IMMIGRANTS WHO STARTED OFF IN ENTRY LEVEL JOBS,” SAID TATE. “THE U.S. REFUGEE PROGRAM IS NOT A JOBS PROGRAM.
ITS PURPOSE IS FOR PEOPLE TO LIVE IN A PLACE WHERE THEY HAVE PHYSICAL PROTECTION AND RIGHTS - INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO WORK.”
IRAQI REFUGEE, KAMIL SILEWA, SAYS MORE PEOPLE LIKE HIM ARRIVE EVERYDAY IN EL CAJON TO MOVE IN WITH RELATIVES OR FRIENDS. MANY HAVE TO BORROW MONEY AS THEY STRUGGLE TO FIND JOBS, AND HE SAYS
SOMETIMES HE WISHES HE HAD NEVER COME. BUT IT IS TOO DANGEROUS IN IRAQ TO RETURN HOME.
Politics Disad – Obama Good – Immigration Link
INCREASING SOCIAL SERVICES FOR IMMIGRANTS WOULD DEPLETE OBAMA’S POLITICAL CAPITAL
Primus, 1997 (Wendell, Former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Human Services Policy in the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, Consultant to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities for the Brookings Institution and the Urban Institute,
“Immigration Provisions in the New Welfare Law”, University of Wisconsin Madison Institute for Research on Poverty, Focus
Vol. 18 No. 2, Fall/Winter)
What led to these provisions? Elected officials were unable to defend immigrant use of welfare, particularly SSI, against the
calls for curtailment of government expenditures on public assistance in general and on immigrants in particular.
Immigrants’ continued eligibility was considered politically unsustainable in the face of statistics claiming that over 30 percent of the aged
beneficiaries of SSI were noncitizens, that over 50 percent of the dollars for elderly SSI recipients were going to aliens, and that many immigrants were applying
for benefits immediately after the three-year deeming provision ended (see Table 2). The desire for large budgetary savings also drove the policy
debate. Table 3 demonstrates that in the AFDC, Food Stamp and Medicaid programs, noncitizens had higher participation rates—but that naturalized citizens
had lower participation rates—than the native-born. This table includes refugees as noncitizens. If refugees are subtracted, there is little, if any, significant
difference in utilization rates between immigrants and the nativeborn in the AFDC and Food Stamp programs. In the SSI program, however, both noncitizens and
naturalized citizens had higher participation rates than native-born citizens. The case for the reform is stated succinctly in the 1996 Green Book: “Public Law 104-
193 [the welfare reform bill] returns American policy on welfare for noncitizens to its roots by barring most noncitizens who arrive in the future from receiving
welfare benefits. Current resident noncitizens face changes only in those programs subject to abuse or with a significant State financial commitment.” But this new
law is historic in that, for the first time since these benefit programs began, lawmakers have decided to exclude people from assistance solely
because of their status as legal immigrants, even if their need for benefits and services is exactly the same as a citizen’s. This is a significant
departure from the interpretation of “public charge” (see p.13) that has prevailed in our country’s modern history. Nothing in immigration law has ever explicitly
prevented legal immigrants from being eligible for public benefits. The concept of “public charge” has been used primarily to exclude immigrants from entry into
the United States—and indeed, the latest estimates by the Department of State show that approximately 25,000 immigrants each year are denied requests for entry
because they cannot establish that they are not likely to become “public charges.” However, once an immigrant has been granted legal residence, it has been this
country’s long-standing policy to recognize that misfortune can occur equally to citizens and legal immigrants, and that an individual’s eligibility for benefits
should not be based solely on citizenship or immigrant status. Further, making a determination of “public charge” for the purpose of deporting an immigrant has
generally been limited to determining whether the immigrant had fraudulently obtained benefits. The changes in sponsors’ responsibilities and legislative provision
for enforcement of these responsibilities were steps in the right direction. Arguably, a central tenet of social policy was violated when the rules were applied
retrospectively. Retirement benefits are not changed for those about to retire, nor are tax provisions relating to investment altered after the investments have been
made. In the case of the immigrant provisions of the welfare bill, this approach was rejected because the budgetary savings in the bill are derived substantially from
cutting current recipients off the rolls. Immigrants are a large component of current recipients in some programs, and applying the rules only to new legal
immigrants entering the country would have yielded very small savings. Critics of the welfare restrictions argue that complete bans on
eligibility do not recognize the reality that the needs of the immigrants may change unexpectedly and be beyond the sponsor’s
ability to meet, and that sponsors themselves may lose income due to disability, unemployment, or other circumstances beyond
their control. As it turned out, neither the political parties nor the administration were prepared to expend political capital on
this issue. This was an extremely difficult issue to analyze. There are many different classifications of immigrants, each classification with different
implications for treatment under each of the safety net programs. Within the broad general class of immigrants there are work-sponsored versus relative-sponsored
immigrants, refugees and asylees (see pp. 11–12). It was not easily established how many legal immigrants were actually on welfare rolls. Preparing cost estimates
for a variety of deeming options, some prospective only and some with application to current beneficiaries, was difficult at best. How should the concept of the
public charge be enforced? The most difficult aspect was the provision of medical care. Most of us would be unable to promise that our 75-year-old parents, for
example, would not become public charges, given the expensive nature of health and long-term care institutions in this country. Individual medical insurance for
the elderly is expensive and hard to get. The complete bars on SSI and food stamp receipt render deeming somewhat irrelevant: the provision that requires all,
rather than merely part, of the income of the sponsor to be deemed available to the legal immigrant may mean that even immigrants whose sponsors have become
poor in the interim will be ineligible for assistance. But we do not yet know how the laws will affect naturalizations, and there is no bar on eligibility for naturalized
citizens. The increased flexibility given to states to discriminate against legal immigrants by restructuring access to programs is especially problematic. Medical
care, in particular, is extremely expensive. If immigrants or state legislators perceive that more generous Medicaid and welfare eligibility provisions will create a
welfare magnet for immigrants, states will be tempted to introduce more stringent requirements. The immigrant provisions are among the most
onerous in the welfare bill. There was little need for reform of laws and regulations governing immigrants’ eligibility for welfare, except for the SSI
program. In other programs, welfare receipt by immigrants was not disproportionately out of balance with welfare receipt by citizens. The public backlash against
SSI might have been avoided had immigrant policies earlier been coordinated with welfare policies. The poverty statistics which clearly showed the likely impact
of the immigrant provisions in the welfare bill were never utilized to push a more moderate set of proposals. Given the tenor of the debate, the large
sums of money that would be needed to fix the immigrant provisions, and the unwillingness to sacrifice political capital,
there is little evidence to suggest that these provisions will soon be ameliorated. This will be particularly true in early 1997,
when the first order of business is likely to be balancing the federal budget.
THE PLAN IS EXTREMELY CONTROVERSIAL – SPURS MASSIVE BUDGET FIGHTS
Anti-immigrant sentiment has intersected with another trend. The federal budget deficit grew to unprecedented size in the
early 1980s, engendering what has been called a “balanced-budget conservatism,” defined as “omnipresent political focus on deficits,
spending cuts, and tax avoidance.” This suggests, first, that the size of the deficit, and not the health of the macro economy, has become the yardstick for measuring
congressional budgeting policy, and second, that groups see themselves as being pitted against each other in competition for shrinking
government resources.20 It is plausible that a growing fiscal conservatism, reinforced by economic and social insecurity, has
given rise to initiatives curtailing the size and generosity of government. The welfare legislation ending entitlement to public
assistance is only the most prominent example. Together, nativism and fiscal conservatism have brought about legislation
that seeks to reduce the public costs of immigration by extending to legal immigrants the restrictions on the receipt of social
services that have customar- ily applied only to illegal immigrants. Within this new fiscal politics of immigration, legal aliens came to be viewed as part of the
reason for the high cost of social services. Having little or no voice in the electorate, they became an attractive and vulnerable target.
THE PLAN SPARKS IMMENSE PUBLIC OPPOSITION
Camarota, 2004 (Steven A., Director of Research at the Center for Immigration Studies, “The High Cost of Cheap Labor: Illegal
Immigration and the Federal Budget”, Center for Immigration Studies Report, August)
Concern over illegal immigration ranges from national security and the rule of law to the risk would-be illegals take to enter the country and their well-
being once here. But the fiscal effects are a key part of the issue. In fact, much of the public’s anger over illegal immigration
stems from the belief that illegals are a drain on taxpayers. Past policy responses to illegal aliens, such as barring them
from welfare programs, were also driven by the desire to minimize fiscal costs. Thus, determining the actual fiscal impact of illegal
immigration is critically important to formulating a policy response to illegal immigration.
PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES TO IMMIGRANTS IS EXTREMELY UNPOPULAR WITH THE PUBLIC
LA Times, 2007 (“Many Would Deny Illegal Immigrants Access to Basic Social Services”, December 5)
Social ServicesOne of the issues surrounding immigration being debated is how much access, if any, illegal immigrants should
be given to public social services. The survey found some concern about this - more than a third of voters nationwide said
that illegal immigrants have had a mainly negative impact on their communities, and nearly one in five who think that immigrants
of any kind have impacted their community in a negative way pointed to the drain on social services as the problem , and one in eight cited their
effect on the educational system. When asked if immigrants who are in the country illegally should be granted access to any or none of five social services - public
school, emergency rooms, driver licenses, food stamps, or in-state discounts on college tuition, 33% of voters overall said that they would deny access to all of
these services. This includes two out of five Republicans and 22% of Democrats wouldn't grant access to any of them. Most often favored for access was
emergency medical care at 46%, followed by enrolling children in public school at 40%. Granting some type of limited driver's license received 22% of mentions,
followed by food stamps at 18% and in-state college tuition discounts at 12%. Six percent weren't sure.
Increasing social services to immigrants is extremely controversial politically

Ugalde 97 – Antonio, University of Texas at Austin Center for Mexican American Studies
[Health and Social Services Among International Labor Migrants, GoogleBooks]cn
Politics Disad – Obama Good – Immigrant Health Care Link
HEALTH CARE FOR IMMIGRANTS IS AN EXTRMELY VOLATILE AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE – IT WOULD DEVASTATE OBAMA’S CAPITAL
Weilbaecher, 2008 (Ann, Annals of Health Law, “First Annual Beazley Symposium on Access to Health Care”, 17 Ann. Health
L. 337, Summer, Lexis)
Despite convincing economic and non-economic arguments supporting the increase access to health care for immigrants,
legislative and policy makers are reluctant to act. Indeed, government funding of immigrant health care is a hotly debated
issue. n6 According to the National Immigration of Law Center, "the hostility in the state and local debates, however, fueled a
climate that deters lawfully present immigrants and their family members from securing critical services and impedes access to the
few critical services that remain available regardless of immigration status." n7 The debates are particularly volatile around the
provision of health care to undocumented immigrants. n8 Due to political pressure, even the politicians who encourage
comprehensive health care coverage omit undocumented immigrants in their proposals.
Politics Disad – Obama Good – Refugees Link
Congress will backlash against changes to the refugee program – they view it as weakening security
Martin 5 – David, Fellow at the Migration Policy Institute and Professor of I-Law at the University of Virginia
[May, http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=305]cn
ANDMORE AND MORE ASYLEES ARE STACKING UP AGAINST THE ANNUAL CEILING OF 10,000 ON ADJUSTMENTS FROM ASYLEE STATUS TO LEGAL PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS.
A NEW ASYLEE CAN EXPECT TO WAIT 17 YEARS BEFORE BECOMING A LEGAL PERMANENT
THE BACKLOG HAS REACHED A WHOLLY INDEFENSIBLE POINT WHERE
RESIDENT AND GETTING ON THE TRACK FOR CITIZENSHIP. WHETHER NOW IS AN AUSPICIOUS MOMENT TO SEEK SUBSTANTIVE STATUTORY CHANGES
IS A MUCH HARDER CALL. TODAY'S CONGRESS DOES NOT SEEM AWASH IN HUMANITARIAN GOODWILL. IT INCLUDED PROVISIONS
IN THE INTELLIGENCE REFORM BILL ENACTED IN DECEMBER 2004 THAT BESPEAK A MOOD OF HOSTILITY AND DEEP SKEPTICISM TOWARD
ASYLEES, WHICH COULD EASILY SPILL OVER ONTO THOSE ADMITTED THROUGH THE RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM, IF AMENDMENTS TO THAT PROGRAM ARE
OFFERED.
Allowing refugees in the U.S. is unpopular – they’re seen as competitors for jobs
[Jan 1, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, lexis]cn
THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN ALBANIAN REFUGEES ATTEMPTING TO GAIN POLITICAL ASYLUM IN THE UNITED STATES MIGHT BE CHARACTERISED AS LITIGIOUS , OCCASIONALLY FLAWED, OFTEN ARBITRARY AND EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE--WITH THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS
RATHER LIMITED. AS THE ABOVE WOULD INDICATE, THE PROCESS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME NOT ONLY MORE COMPLEX BUT ALSO MORE DIFFICULT . THE NUMBER OF REFUGEE APPLICATIONS IN GENERAL, BOTH FILED AND APPROVED , IS DOWN. AS THE 2000 INS
STATISTICAL YEARBOOK MAKES CLEAR, BETWEEN 1980 AND 2000 BOTH DROPPED IN NUMBER (95,241 APPLICATIONS WERE FILED IN 1980 AND 89,580 WERE APPROVED, WHEREAS 91,854 APPLICATIONS WERE FILED IN 2000 AND 66,546 APPROVED). THESE FIGURES
CLEARLY DEMONSTRATE THAT, WHILE YARNOLD 'S PREDICTION REGARDING THE SECOND 'STATE INTEREST' SEEMS TO BE CORRECT, THE GOVERNMENT IS DEFENDING ITS FIRST 'STATE INTEREST '. IN 2000 SOME 425 ALBANIANS OUT OF 1,119 APPLICANTS (OR 28 PER CENT)
(US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 2001). THE APPROVAL RATING FOR ALBANIAN ASYLUM-SEEKERS WHOSE CASES CAME BEFORE IMMIGRATION JUDGES IS
WERE GRANTED POLITICAL ASYLUM BY ASYLUM OFFICERS
CONSIDERABLY LOWER AND DECLINING. IN 2000 THE APPROVAL RATE WAS 15.5 PER CENT AND BY 2002 IT WAS DOWN TO 14.4 PER CENT (US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 2003). IT IS LIKELY THAT THIS TREND IS POPULAR
WITH MUCH OF THE AMERICAN ELECTORATE. IN HARD ECONOMIC TIMES IT IS NOT DIFFICULT FOR ANTI-IMMIGRANT CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL
FORCES TO CONVINCE MANY AMERICAN VOTERS THAT THEIR JOBS ARE BEING JEOPARDISED BY IMMIGRANT JOB-SEEKERS,
THAT STATE AND FEDERAL BUDGETS ARE BEING THREATENED BY IMMIGRANTS DRAINING SCARCE SOCIAL SERVICES
RESOURCES, AND THAT THEIR SECURITY COULD BE THREATENED BY IMMIGRANTS, PARTICULARLY MOSLEMS LIKE MOST ALBANIANS.
States Counterplan – Immigration/Refugees Solvency
STATES CAN EFFECTIVELY PROVIDE SOCIAL SERVICES TO IMMIGRANT POPULATIONS
In 1995, Michael Fix and Wendy Zimmermann, of the Urban Institute’s Immigrant Policy Program, reviewed existing federal assistance programs for immigrants
and estimated some potential impacts of various legislative proposals then pending.12 Over the past 30 years, state Fix and Zimmermann, the federal
government has had an inclusive immigration policy, directed in large part toward family reunification, but has largely had a laissezfaire, hands-off
immigrant policy. Public responsibility for incorporating newcomers and their families has fallen, mostly by default, to state
and local governments. 13 U.S. immigrant policy consists of targeted immigrant policies aimed exclusively or largely at newcomers; legislatively or
administratively set eligibility rules for mainstream social welfare and education programs; and the rights of aliens as they have been defined in the courts, often
interpreting constitutional doctrines. Assistance programs have included the following: (1) programs that provide health, public
assistance, job training, and social services to refugees and asylees; (2) programs directed at elementary and secondary
school students and adults of limited English proficiency; (3) policies and resources intended to deter discrimination in
employment on the basis of selected alien and national origin characteristics; (4) resources provided to state and local governments
to offset the fiscal impacts of specific immigrant groups (e.g., the Emergency Immigrant Education Act and programs to reimburse
states for the cost of incarcerating criminal aliens, discussed below); (5) efforts made by federal, state, and local governments to
help immigrants naturalize. Almost the only federal program that explicitly addresses the broad adaptation of immigrant families to American society is
for refugees and asylees, who have been considered a special case. The Refugee Resettlement Program, established by the 1980 Refugee Act, provides funds for
income support, health services, job training, and social services. Funding for this program fell from $7,400 per refugee to $2,100 (in inflation-adjusted dollars)
between fiscal years 1984 and 1994.14 Federal funding for targeted immigrant programs is limited and has declined. The federal government spends roughly $300
million combined on the two principal language acquisition programs, bilingual education for elementary and secondary students and English as a Second
Language for adults. Between 1985 and 1992, the number of limited-English-proficient children in the nation’s schools rose by 65 percent, to about 2.5 million.
During that same period, real increases in federal spending on bilingual education rose by only 4 percent. As a comparison, in FY 1991, the state of California spent
$282 million on state adult education programs; federal spending, despite the percentage increase, totaled only $201 million. Aid distributed under the Emergency
Immigrant Education Act is intended to offset state costs for foreign-born students who have less than three complete academic years in U.S. schools. In 1994,
there were 700,000 such students, and the aid available amounted to approximately $50 per immigrant child. The program to offset state costs of incarcerating
criminal aliens, in contrast, will provide approximately $12,000 per prisoner in impact aid in FY 1996.
States Counterplan – Immigration Solvency
STATES HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE SOCIAL SERVICES TO IMMIGRANTS AND CAN DO SO EFFECTIVELY
State-Provided Safety Nets As noted above, some states chose to offer their safety nets to some of the immigrants adversely
affected by PRWORA. For instance, the welfare reform legislation makes most immigrants who entered the United States before
August 22, 1996, ineligible for many types of assistance, such as TANF and Medicaid. The legislation, however, also gives states
the option to offer TANF and Medicaid to some of these immigrants, and some states chose to do so. In addition, some states
also chose to offer various types of state-funded assistance to immigrants who arrived after August 22, 1996. As we have seen,
these immigrants are typically ineligible for most types of federal assistance. These state activities will further increase
dispersion in "welfare opportunities" available to immigrants living in different states. The Urban Institute's index of "welfare generosity"
classifies states into four categories according to the availability of the state safety net. The states where such aid was "most available" included California and
Illinois; the states where the aid was "somewhat available" included New York and Florida; the states where the aid was "less available" included Arizona and
Michigan; and the states were the aid was "least available" included Ohio and Texas. It is worth noting that five of the six states with the largest immigrant
populations tended to provide above-average levels of state-funded assistance to immigrants (the exception being Texas). I use the Urban Institute index to classify
states into two types: more generous states (i.e., states where aid was most available or somewhat available), and less generous states (i.e., states where aid was less
available and least available). Table 7 shows how the "chilling effect" of welfare reform depends on the actions taken by individual states. For simplicity, I classify
households according to the immigration and naturalization status of the household head. The data indicate that the welfare participation rate of non-citizens living
in the less generous states dropped by almost 10 percentage points (from 28.4 percent to 19.4 percent) during the period. In contrast, the participation rate of non-
citizens living in the more generous states dropped only by about five percentage points (from 29.7 percent to 24.4 percent). It is worth noting that the participation
rates of native or of citizen households do not reveal any such sensitivity to the availability of state-funded assistance. The effect of the state-funded programs is
even stronger when the sample is restricted to the households that live outside California. The welfare participation rate of non-citizen households dropped by nine
percentage points in the less generous states, while the participation rate of non-citizen households dropped by only 1.3 percentage points in the more generous
states. Finally, the last row of Table 7 shows that in the most restricted sample — the non-refugee households that live outside California — the welfare
participation rate of these households dropped by almost 10 percentage points if they lived in the less generous states, but fell by less than 1 percent if they lived in
the more generous states. In short, the state-funded programs offered by the more generous states seem to have prevented the
chilling effect of federal welfare reform on immigrant welfare participation that would otherwise have occurred.
AUTHORITY FOR IMMIGRANT SOCIAL SERVICES LIES WITH THE STATES – THE COUNTERPLAN SOLVES AND AVOIDS FEDERALISM
The confluence of pressure for a minimalist government and a general concern about immigration is reflected in several provisions
of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, the federal legislation establishing a new
federal–state relationship in the design, management, and financing of public assistance for poor Americans. Among other
things, the act replaces Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) with Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). Unlike AFDC, TANF
establishes no individual entitlement to benefits and delegates a great deal of program authority to the states regarding the design
and
management of program specifics. But the legislation contains logical inconsistencies, attempting to shift control over welfare
to the states while influencing a number of state choices.
States Counterplan – Immigration Solvency
IMMIGRANT SOCIAL SERVICES FALL UNDER THE PURVIEW OF STATE GOVERNMENTS - THE COUNTERPLAN SOLVES WITHOUT
FRACTURING FEDERALISM
In 1996, Congress gave individual states the option to supplement the federal benefits available to immigrants with state-
provided benefits. It turned out that almost all of the states with large immigrant populations chose to extend the state-
provided safety nets to immigrant households. The political choices made by these states prevented many immigrant households
from being removed from the welfare rolls, and helped attenuate the impact of welfare reform on immigrant welfare use.
STATES CAN EFFECTIVELY PROVIDE SOCIAL SERVICES TO IMMIGRANTS
Primus, 1997 (Wendell, Former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Human Services Policy in the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, Consultant to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities for the Brookings Institution and the Urban Institute,
“Immigration Provisions in the New Welfare Law”, University of Wisconsin Madison Institute for Research on Poverty, Focus
Vol. 18 No. 2, Fall/Winter)
The welfare bill authorizes states “to determine the eligibility” of qualified immigrants for the TANF and Social Services
(Title XX) block grants. Immigrants who were receiving assistance on August 22, 1996, retain coverage until January 1, 1997.
Most immigrants who enter after August 22, 1996, will be barred from these benefits for five years. States can provide or deny
TANF or Social Services to current “qualified” immigrants who are not exempt and to future immigrants after the five-year bar.
Block grants are based on past funding, and since previous years included funding for immigrants, the federal grants should be
sufficient to continue covering this population. States can also provide state-funded services 15 to immigrants who are
ineligible for services under the federal block grant.
MORE EVIDENCE – STATES SOLVE AND THE COUNTERPLAN WILL NOT GET ROLLED BACK
http://www.cis.org/articles/2002/borjas.htm)
Much of the potential impact of PRWORA on welfare use by immigrants residing outside California was undone by the
actions of state governments. Some states — and particularly those states where immigrants reside — chose to offer state-
provided benefits to the immigrants adversely affected by welfare reform.
1NC – Refugee Kritik
The Affirmative’s use of the word ‘refugee’ juxtaposes these persons with ‘citizens.’ The aff defines the
refugee by their lack of state as the chief characteristics; they create a ‘normal’ condition of having a
state as opposed to the ‘abnormal’ condition of being without one. This perpetuates state-centric thinking
that reproduces obsession with territorial boundaries and an exclusionary world, and only leading to
further oppression of these displaced persons
Ron 2k – James, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Norman Paterson School for International Affairs (Ottawa)
[Spring, “Imagining the World through Refugee Discourse,” International Studies Review, v. 2 n. 1, p. 139-141]cn
CONTEMPORARY DISCOURSE ABOUT REFUGEES STRENGTHENS EFFORTS TO IMAGINE A WORLD IN

THIS BOOK'S MAIN THEME IS SIMPLE YET ELEGANT.
WHICH TERRITORIALLY BOUNDED NATION-STATES APPEAR TO BE THE ONLY NATURAL POLITICAL UNITS. THIS IS TRUE
EVEN OF WELL-MEANING ATTEMPTS BY HUMANITARIAN ACTIVISTS, GROUPS, AND HUMAN RIGHTS LAWYERS TO PROTECT REFUGEES. ORGANIZED AROUND PROVIDING LEGAL AND
HUMANITARIAN SERVICES TO "REFUGEES," WELL-INTENTIONED ACTORS INADVERTENTLY STRENGTHEN A STATE-CENTRIC VISION OF
THE WORLD AND CONTRIBUTE WILLY-NILLY TO THE CREATION OF A TERRITORIALLY DIVIDED AND EXCLUSIONARY WORLD.
ALTHOUGH REFUGEE ACTIVISTS PROVIDE ESSENTIAL SHORT-TERM SUCCOR TO PERSONS DISPLACED BY POVERTY, WAR, OR PERSECUTION, THEY ENHANCE LONG-TERM OPPRESSION BY REPRODUCING
THE MODEM WORLD'S OBSESSION WITH TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES, WE/THEY DIVISIONS BASED ON CITIZENSHIP, BORDER
PATROLS, IMMIGRATION CONTROL, AND PASSPORTS. THE TERM "REFUGEE," NEVZAT SOGUK ARGUES, IS A UNIQUE AND ENTIRELY
MODERN WAY OF CATEGORIZING THE BROADER PHENOMENON OF "HUMAN DISPLACEMENT." DISPLACED PERSONS CAN BE EXILES,
ÉMIGRÉS, SOJOURNERS, TEMPORARY TRAVELERS, OR NOMADS; THEY BECOME "REFUGEES" ONLY IN A WORLD MONOPOLIZED BY TERRITORIALLY BOUND
NATION-STATES. NOT SURPRISINGLY, AND GIVEN HIS DEBT TO MICHEL FOUCAULT'S DISCOURSE STUDIES, SOGUK'S FUNDAMENTAL POINT IS LINGUISTIC. HE NOTES THAT THE TERM "REFUGEE" MAKES SENSE
ONLY WHEN IT IS JUXTAPOSED TO ITS OPPOSITE, A "CITIZEN" RESIDING IN HIS OR HER OWN "STATE." REFUGEES ARE THUS
DEFINED BY WHAT THEY LACK-A STATE-AND IN SO DOING, THEY REINFORCE THE STATE'S CENTRALITY. REFUGEE
DISCOURSE DEFINES "REFUGEENESS" AS AN "ABNORMAL" SITUATION. IN SO DOING, IT DEFINES "NORMALITY" AS A
SITUATION IN WHICH CITIZENS RESIDE IN THEIR OWN, TERRITORIALLY BOUNDED STATE. BY EMPHASIZING
"STATELESSNESS" AS THE REFUGEE'S ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTIC, REFUGEE DISCOURSE REIFIES "STATES" AS THE SOLE
LEGITIMATE FORM OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION AND "CITIZENS" AS THE ONLY LEGAL FORM OF INDIVIDUAL EXISTENCE. ONE
OF CHARLES TILLY'S FAMOUS INSIGHTS WAS THAT "STATES MAKE WAR, AND WAR MAKES THE STATE," FOCUSING ON THE MUTUALLY SUPPORTIVE LINKS BETWEEN WAR MAKING, COLLECTING TAXES, BUREAUCRATIC DEVELOPMENT, AND STATE BUILDING. WORKING IN
S : STATES MAKE REFUGEES, BUT REFUGEE DISCOURSE ALSO MAKES THE STATE.
THE REALM OF DISCOURSE AND POLITICAL IMAGINATION , OGUK MAKES A SIMILAR TYPE OF CLAIM
REFUGEES ARE A DISCURSIVE RESOURCE USED BY STATES TO BOLSTER THEIR OWN POSITIONS AND CENTRALITY. ONE IS
EITHER A CITIZEN AND A LEGAL MEMBER OF A RECOGNIZED STATE OR ONE IS "ABNORMAL, "TRAPPED IN LIMBO AND IN
DESPERATE NEED OF A STATE ' . THERE ARE NO OTHER ACCEPTABLE OPTIONS
OF ONE S OWN ' , P ,K ,A K , IN TODAY S WORLD AS ALESTINIANS URDS LBANIAN OSOVARS AND THE
K B
UWAITI . IN SUPPRESSING OTHER POSSIBLE OPTIONS, STATES DEPLOY COMPLEX, HIDDEN INSTRUMENTS
EDOONS HAVE DISCOVERED " " OF STATECRAFT
THAT REIFY AND NATURALIZE THE STATE-CENTRIC WORLD. STATECRAFTING COMES IN MANY FORMS, BUT MODERN SHAPES AND
REFUGEE DISCOURSE IS ONE OF ITS MOST IMPORTANT MANIFESTATIONS. SOME OF THE BOOK'S MOST THOUGHT-PROVOKING PASSAGES ARE HISTORICAL, DOCUMENTING EMPIRICALLY
THE EXISTENCE OF ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF CONSTRUCTING THE WORLD. BEFORE THERE WERE "REFUGEES," PEOPLE MOVED FROM PLACE TO PLACE WITH
RELATIVE EASE. BOUNDARIES WERE POROUS, PASSPORTS WERE RARE, AND TERRITORIAL UNITS WERE NOT EXCLUSIVE. THE
FRENCH REVOLUTION, WHICH MARKED THE RISE OF THE MODERN NATION-STATE , BEGAN THE PROCESSES OF CHANGE, BUT THE DISPLACEMENTS CAUSED BY THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND CIVIL WAR ACCELERATED THE PROCESS. INCREASINGLY DEVELOPED STATES
ENCOUNTERED MASS POPULATION MOVEMENTS, AND THE RESULT WAS THE PRECURSOR TO THE MODERN REFUGEE REGIME, THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS' HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES. THIS FIRST INSTRUMENTO F INTERGOVERNMENTARL EFUGEE ADMINISTRATION
R , THE "INTERNATIONAL" SYSTEM HAS WORKED HARD EVER SINCE TO

WAS CREATED IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE USSIAN FIGHTING AND , , ELABORATE DEEPEN AND
NATURALIZE REFUGEE DISCOURSE, TO THE STATE-CENTRIC VISION. FOR THE DISPLACED PERSONS
CONTRIBUTING ALL THE WHILE
THEMSELVES, THE CONSEQUENCES HAVE BEEN TREMENDOUS. BEFORE THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY, DISPLACED
PERSONS WERE NOT SYSTEMATICALLY SET APART AND CONTROLLED BY HOST SOCIETIES. ALTHOUGH THEY SUFFERED FROM THIS LACK OF ATTENTION, THEY
WERE ALSO ABLE TO EMBED THEMSELVES MORE EASILY INTO THEIR NEW SURROUNDINGS, INTEGRATING OVER TIME INTO
THE LOCAL ECONOMY. ONCE THE REFUGEE CATEGORY BECAME OPERATIVE, PERSONS DISPLACED ACROSS STATE BORDERS
WERE SUBJECTED TO RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RESTRICTIONS. THIS REFUGEE REGIME GRANTED DISPLACED PERSONS
SOME RIGHTS AND PROTECTIONS, BUT IT ALSO CONSTRUCTED THEM AS AN OBJECT OF STATE CONTROL, ISOLATION, AND
SUBJUGATION, ENORMOUSLY COMPLICATING THE DISPLACEMENT PROCESS.
1NC – Refugee Kritik
The politics of borders and state centricity rely on the instrumental management of populations to
establish national identity. This requires outsiders, who are tortured and exterminated. This violence
collapses politics and makes life meaningless
Dillon 99 – Michael J., Professor of Politics, University of Lancaster
[“The Scandal of the Refugee,". Moral Spaces: Rethinking Ethics and World Politics Pg 109-110]cn
THE SCALE OF THE POLITICALLY INSTRUMENTAL— DELIBERATE , LEGAL, AND POLICY - INITIATED —MANUFACTURE OF ESTRANGEMENT IN WORLD
POLITICS NECESSARILY CALLS INTO QUESTION, THEREFORE, THE VERY MORAL AND POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE MODERN AGE, PARTICULARLY
THOSE OF THE STATE AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF STATES. IN SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES—AND GIVEN THE VAUNTED POLITICAL AND MORAL CLAIMS MADE ON
BEHALF OF STATES AND OF THE INTERNATIONAL STATE SYSTEM, AS WELL AS OF SO-CALLED INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY—WE SEEM INCREASINGLY LEFT NOT KNOWING TO WHAT
SYMBOLIC SPACE, TO WHAT UNDERSTANDING OF THE HUMAN WAY OF BEING, WE CAN ENTRUST WHAT WE VARIOUSLY CALL FREEDOM
AND HUMANITY. MODERN POLITICS, THE POLITICS OF MODERNITY, CONTINUOUSLY UNDERMINES, HOWEVER, ITS OWN MOST VIOLENT, MOST INTENSE,
MOST TOTALIZING ATTEMPTS TO SECURELY FREE HUMANITY. AND THIS IS NOT BECAUSE OF SOME TECHNICAL DEFICIENCY ON
ITS PART—THE GLOBAL POLITICS OF MODERNITY IS THE EXPRESSION OF POLITICS AS TECHNE. IT IS BECAUSE IT IS NOT REALIZABLE. IN THE PROCESS THE MODERN
EXPRESSION OF IDENTITY POLITICS, WHILE THUS DISCLOSING SOMETHING ALSO ABOUT THE MODERN WORLD’S RESPONSE TO STRANGENESS AS SUCH, PROVIDES A POWERFUL INTIMATION THAT THE RECEPTION THAT THE MODERN
WE ACCORDS THE STRANGENESS OF THE HUMAN WAY OF BEING IS WHAT THE VERY (DIS)ORDER OF POLITICAL MODERNITY ITSELF CALLS INTO QUESTION . SPECIFICALLY, MODERN POLITICAL SUBJECTIFICATION CREATES ITS OWN PECULIAR FORM OF POLITICAL ABJECTION.
ORIGINALLY APPLIED TO FRENCH HUGUENOTS WHO FLED TO ENGLAND AFTER THE REVOCATION OF THE EDICT OF NANTES IN 1685— AND THEREFORE A DIRECT FUNCTION OF EARLY MODERN ABSOLUTIST
UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE ENTAILMENTS OF STABLE, LEGITIMATE, AND AUTHORITATIVE POLITICAL ORDER, AND THEIR
CONSEQUENCES—THE REFUGEE IS PRECISELY THE FIGURE THAT IDENTITIES THE POLITICAL ABJECTION OF THE MODERN
AGE. ABJECT MEANS CAST OUT; ABJECTION MEANS ALSO THE ACT OF EXPELLING. IT MARKS THE FAILURE OF THE POLITICAL SUBJECT TO BE A PURE POLITICAL SUBJECT EVEN IN THE ACT OF TRYING TO REALIZE THAT IDEAL. MARKING THE POROSITY OF LIMITS OF
THAT WHICH SEEKS TO BE THE SELF -SAME, IT IS THE WASTE THAT CONTINUOUSLY DISTURBS IDENTITY, SYSTEM , AND ORDER BECAUSE AS THE OUTSIDE PRODUCED BY THE INSIDE, IT CONTINUOUSLY IRRUPTS IN A WAY THAT ERODES THE CRY PARAMETERS BY WHICH THE
THAT WHICH THE EFFORT TO SUBJECTIFY CREATES, ITS PRODUCTION MARKS THE IMPOSSIBILITY, THE ABJECT
INSIDE SEEKS TO BE DEFINED .
FAILURE, OF WHAT MODERN POLITICAL SUBJECTIFICATION IDEALIZES AND AIMS TO REALIZE. FOR THE POLITICAL
PRACTICES OF BURNING, CHASING, RAPING, EXPELLING, DEGRADING, MURDERING, HUMILIATING, TERRORIZING, EXCORIATING,
REMOVING BURYING , HIDING, SUPPRESSING , AND DEVASTATING INVENT AND RE INVENT THE VERY WASTE THEY NAME AND EXORCISE IN THE PROCESS OF
CONTINUOUSLY REINAGURATING AS POLITICS, A CERTAIN IMPERATIVE OF POLITICAL UNITY AND MALLEABLE UNIFORMITY.
WASTE, AS RICOEUR NOTED, IS NOT WASTE WITH OUT ITS WASTING PROCESSES: ITS PROTOCOLS OF PURGATIVE PRODUCTION. NEITHER IS IT UNDIFFERENTIATED SINCE ITS PROCESSES OF PRODUCTION ARE THEMSELVES PLURAL. ABJECTION—THE
SYSTEM’S OWN SELF-PRODUCED AND SELF-PRODUCING PERTURBATION — IS NEITHER INSIDE NOR OUTSIDE BUT THE IN-
BETWEEN, THE BOUNDARY OR LIMIT THAT ENACTS THE DIFFERENTIATION. ABJECTION IS (INTER)NATIONAL POLITICS, AND
AS (INTER)NATIONAL POLITICS, IT INSISTS ON A PREOCCUPATION WITH THE INTER ANTERIOR TO THE NATIONAL.
Solvency Frontline – Immigration
NO SOLVENCY – HOSTILITY TARGETED AT IMMIGRANTS DETERS THEM FROM EVEN ATTEMPTING TO ACCESS SOCIAL SERVICES
Weilbaecher, 2008 (Ann, Annals of Health Law, “First Annual Beazley Symposium on Access to Health Care”, 17 Ann. Health
L. 337, Summer, Lexis)
Despite convincing economic and non-economic arguments supporting the increase access to health care for immigrants, legislative and policy makers are reluctant
to act. Indeed, government funding of immigrant health care is a hotly debated issue. n6 According to the National Immigration of Law Center, "the hostility in
the state and local debates, however, fueled a climate that deters lawfully present immigrants and their family members
from securing critical services and impedes access to the few critical services that remain available regardless of immigration
status." n7 The debates are particularly volatile around the provision of health care to undocumented immigrants. n8 Due to political pressure, even the
politicians who encourage comprehensive health care coverage omit undocumented immigrants in their proposals.
THE PLAN IS INSUFFICIENT – MULTIPLE OTHER BARRIERS DOOM THE ABILITY OF IMMIGRANTS TO ACCESS SOCIAL SERVICES
Clark, 2008 (Brietta R., Professor of Law at Loyola University Law School, “The Immigrant Health Care Narrative and What It
Tells Us About the U.S. Health Care System”, 17 Ann. Health L. 229, Summer, Lexis)
Moreover, the elimination of status-based criteria would not guarantee access to care; it only removes one barrier among
many affecting immigrants. Immigrants are vulnerable along a number of axes: delays in care and poor quality care are
due to the intersection of immigration status, economics, ethnicity and race, as well as gender for women and transgender
individuals. Immigration is certainly an added impediment to care, but it is not the only one. n220 In fact, the racialization of
certain types of immigrants, [*273] and the creation of a permanent class of "alien citizens" divorced from immigration status,
reveals the entrenchment of discrimination that will not be easily eliminated by simply challenging the health policy-
immigration link. Challenging the narrative offers only limited success because of the inherent limitations and structural
defects of our existing healthcare system. By engaging restrictionists' on their terms and under the existing health care paradigm, pro-access advocates
can unwittingly reinforce the "Us-Them" dichotomy that pervades health policy decision-making. Linedrawing within this paradigm will always pit immigrants
against citizens, just as it pits different groups of citizens against each other. One could argue that while linedrawing based on immigration status is unfair and
unsound for many reasons, it is not atypical or unusually cruel in light of a healthcare system that routinely draws lines based on flawed or irrational assumptions
about who is "most deserving," while excluding millions of others in need through no fault of their own.
TURN – THE PLAN FUELS HOSITILITY TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS REVERSING POTENTIAL POSITIVE GAINS
It is important to examine this discourse and determine the true impact of the immigrant health care narratives on policymaking. Narratives can influence popular
opinion and grassroots coalitions that can either facilitate or hinder public advocacy for expanded access. They also help create or undermine the political will
exerted on policy makers. But can pro-access [*232] advocates reconstruct the immigrant health narrative in a way that leads to greater health care access for
immigrants? To the extent that pro-access groups hope to influence policy making through these reconstructed narratives, they should
recognize two very important challenges they face. First, they should be mindful of whether the narrative they create supports their policy goals. If their
discourse unintentionally reinforces parts of the dominant narrative used to fuel anti-immigrant initiatives, then they are
undermining their own goals. Unfortunately, to some extent the pro-access narrative unintentionally encourages a view of
immigrants as potentially dangerous and as outsiders. Moreover, to the extent that the pro-access narrative labels supporters of
benefit restrictions as anti-immigrant or racist, this can facilitate public divisiveness among groups that might otherwise have
common interests in reforming the health care system in ways that benefit both groups. Such characterizations may have the
perverse effect of strengthening demand for anti-immigrant measures, which some political officials will support (or at least
not aggressively oppose), even if irrational or harmful to citizens.
Solvency Frontline – Immigration
NO SOLVENCY – THE CHILLING EFFECT OUTWEIGHS CHANGES IN ELIGIBILITY
In 1996, Congress responded to these concerns by including key immigrant-related provisions in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation
Act (PRWORA). This legislation specified a new set of rules for determining the eligibility of foreign-born persons to receive practically all types of public
assistance. In rough terms, PRWORA denies most types of means-tested assistance to non-citizens who arrived after the legislation was signed, and limited the
eligibility of many non-citizens already living in the United States. A few studies have already examined the post-1996 trends in welfare use by immigrant
households. Fix and Passel (1999) and Borjas (1999a) show that the rate of welfare participation among immigrant households declined sharply — relative to the
decline experienced by native households — after the welfare reform legislation was enacted in 1996.4 The decline is particularly remarkable since most of the
provisions for removing immigrants already living in the United States from the welfare rolls were never enforced. Moreover, only a small part of the immigrant
population present in the United States in the late 1990s arrived after 1996, making it unlikely that these ineligible new arrivals could have such a dramatic impact
on the national trend. The steeper drop in the rate of welfare use experienced by immigrant households led an influential Urban
Institute study to conclude that "because comparatively few legal immigrants were ineligible for public benefits as of December
1997, it appears that the steeper declines in non-citizens' than citizens' use of welfare...owe more to the 'chilling effect' of
welfare reform and other policy changes than they do to actual eligibility changes" (Fix and Passel, 1999, p. 8).
Solvency – Other Barriers Ext.
LOTS OF BARRIERS PREVENT IMMIGRANTS FROM ACCESSING SOCIAL SERVICES - THE PLAN AT BEST RESOLVES ONE OF THEM
Second, any attempt by pro-access advocates to use the immigrant narrative to influence policy will be constrained by the
structural defects and linedrawing inherent in our existing healthcare framework. Apart from any consideration of
immigration status, our health care system is largely based on an "Us-Them" paradigm in which access is not guaranteed
for all, requests for coverage are automatically viewed with suspicion, and decisions about which groups in society should have access to health care are based on
an amorphous analysis of who is most "deserving." Moreover, immigrants suffer discrimination along a number of axes, including race or ethnicity, socioeconomic
status, and, in many cases, gender. Thus, discourse that successfully changes the immigrant narrative or increases public consciousness about their unique concerns
will not necessarily garner public support for eliminating immigrant-specific barriers or ensure immigrants' access to care.
Immigrants will still be left to compete with others for access to a health care system that perpetually pits one group against
another.
Solvency – Chilling Effect Ext.
NO SOLVENCY – IMMIGRANTS ARE AFRAID TO ATTEMPT TO ACCESS SOCIAL SERVICES
The remaining columns of Table 2 reveal that roughly the same pattern is found for participation rates in specific welfare programs. Immigrant households
experienced a steeper decline in the receipt of cash benefits (such as AFDC or SSI), Medicaid, and food stamps. The national trends summarized in Table 2 seem to
suggest that the welfare reform legislation had a particularly strong impact on the likelihood that immigrant households receive assistance. These trends helped
create the current consensus that PRWORA had a "chilling effect" on immigrant participation in welfare programs —
either by making some immigrant households ineligible for receiving some types of assistance, or by mistakenly raising concern among eligible
immigrant households that receiving welfare could have adverse repercussions on their immigration status (and perhaps
lead to deportation).
Solvency Frontline – Refugees
U.S. asylum process has deep structural flaws the plan can’t overcome – there’s little chance refugees
make it all the way through, and they are often abused by U.S. officials
THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN A LBANIAN REFUGEES ATTEMPTING TO GAIN POLITICAL ASYLUM IN THE UNITED STATES MIGHT BE
CHARACTERISED AS LITIGIOUS, OCCASIONALLY FLAWED, OFTEN ARBITRARY AND EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE--WITH THE CHANCES OF
SUCCESS RATHER LIMITED. AS THE ABOVE WOULD INDICATE, THE PROCESS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BECOME NOT ONLY MORE COMPLEX BUT
ALSO MORE DIFFICULT. THE NUMBER OF REFUGEE APPLICATIONS IN GENERAL, BOTH FILED AND APPROVED, IS DOWN. AS THE 2000 INS STATISTICAL YEARBOOK MAKES CLEAR, BETWEEN 1980 AND 2000 BOTH DROPPED IN NUMBER (95,241
APPLICATIONS WERE FILED IN 1980 AND 89,580 WERE APPROVED , WHEREAS 91,854 APPLICATIONS WERE FILED IN 2000 AND 66,546 APPROVED). THESE FIGURES CLEARLY DEMONSTRATE THAT, WHILE YARNOLD'S PREDICTION REGARDING THE SECOND 'STATE INTEREST '
SEEMS TO BE CORRECT, THE GOVERNMENT IS DEFENDING ITS FIRST 'STATE INTEREST'. IN 2000 SOME 425 ALBANIANS OUT OF 1,119 APPLICANTS (OR 28 PER CENT) WERE GRANTED POLITICAL ASYLUM BY ASYLUM OFFICERS (US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 2001). THE
APPROVAL RATING FOR ALBANIAN ASYLUM-SEEKERS WHOSE CASES CAME BEFORE IMMIGRATION JUDGES IS CONSIDERABLY LOWER AND DECLINING . IN 2000 THE APPROVAL RATE WAS 15.5 PER CENT AND BY 2002 IT WAS DOWN TO 14.4 PER CENT (US DEPARTMENT OF
JUSTICE 2003). IT IS LIKELY THAT THIS TREND IS POPULAR WITH MUCH OF THE AMERICAN ELECTORATE. IN HARD ECONOMIC TIMES IT IS NOT DIFFICULT FOR ANTI-IMMIGRANT CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL FORCES TO CONVINCE MANY AMERICAN VOTERS THAT THEIR JOBS
ARE BEING JEOPARDISED BY IMMIGRANT JOB-SEEKERS , THAT STATE AND FEDERAL BUDGETS ARE BEING THREATENED BY IMMIGRANTS DRAINING SCARCE SOCIAL SERVICES RESOURCES, AND THAT THEIR SECURITY COULD BE THREATENED BY IMMIGRANTS, PARTICULARLY
THE PREVAILING ATTITUDE OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT TOWARDS ALBANIAN

MOSLEMS LIKE MOST ALBANIANS. LITTLE IS LIKELY TO CHANGE IN THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE. CRITICS SUGGEST THAT
ASYLUM-SEEKERS WAS RATHER CLEARLY STATED WITH THE REMOVAL OF INS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AND
AND OTHER
ITS TRANSFER IN ANOTHER FORM TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY. QUITE SIMPLY, ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND ALL IMMIGRANTS ARE
NOW PERCEIVED FIRST AS A SECURITY ISSUE AND THEN AS A JUSTICE ISSUE. IMMIGRATION ADVOCATES ARGUE THAT FIRST THIS BASIC ATTITUDE MUST BE ADJUSTED AND THEN THERE IS STILL ROOM FOR REFORM IN THE
SYSTEM . MUCH OF THE NEED IS FINANCIAL BUT SOME IS NOT. A PARTICULAR PROBLEM IS EXPEDITED REMOVAL. IF EXPEDITED REMOVAL IS RETAINED IN ITS PRESENT FORM, AND MOST IMMIGRATION ADVOCATES SUGGEST THAT IT SHOULD AT LEAST BE SEVERELY
RESTRICTED , THE PROCESS SHOULD INCLUDE MORE ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY WITH ASYLUM-SEEKERS GUARANTEED SOME FORM OF REPRESENTATION . THE GENERAL CONDUCT OF THESE INITIAL HEARINGS OUGHT TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED AS WELL.
THERE ARE TOO MANY INSTANCES OF ASYLUM-SEEKERS BEING VERBALLY AND SOMETIMES PHYSICALLY ABUSED BY IMMIGRATION AND
ASYLUM OFFICERS WHO HAVE BEEN ACCUSED OF PRESSURING INDIVIDUALS TO SIGN DOCUMENTS THEY DO NOT
UNDERSTAND. THE NEED FOR QUALIFIED INTERPRETERS PROVIDED FREE OF CHARGE AT ALL OF THESE HEARINGS IS FUNDAMENTAL.
Increasing access to refugee services doesn’t ensure admission to the U.S., only a hearing before a judge
D.O.S. 2k – U.S. Department of State
[http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/documents/legal/gender_guidelines/US_DOS_Overseas_Gender_Guidelines.pdf]cn
ACCESSING THE U.S. REFUGEE PROGRAM MUST NOT BE CONFUSED WITH THE DETERMINATION OF WHETHER A PERSON IS
A REFUGEE UNDER U S LAW. A PRIORITY DESIGNATION DOES NOT ENTITLE THE PERSON TO ADMISSION TO THE U.S. AS
NITED TATES
A REFUGEE; RATHER IT ALLOWS THE APPLICANT TO APPEAR BEFORE THE INTERVIEWING OFFICER FOR ADJUDICATION OF AN
THE CASE. THEREFORE, ASSIGNMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO A PARTICULAR PROCESSING PRIORITY DOES NOT REFLECT ANY DECISION REGARDING QUALIFICATION FOR ADMISSION TO THE U.S. AS A REFUGEE, BUT IT MAY REFLECT AN ASSESSMENT OF THE
APPROPRIATENESS OR URGENCY OF THE NEED FOR RESETTLEMENT. JUST AS QUALIFYING FOR REFUGEE STATUS DOES NOT CONFER A RIGHT TO RESETTLE IN THE
UNITED STATES, ASSIGNMENT TO A PARTICULAR PROCESSING PRIORITY DOES NOT ENTITLE A PERSON TO U.S. ADMISSION. EACH INDIVIDUAL
MUST ESTABLISH THAT HE OR SHE MEET THE STATUTORILY MANDATED DEFINITION OF REFUGEE AND THAT THEY ARE OTHERWISE ELIGIBLE FOR ADMISSION TO THE UNITED STATES .
The judicial process for refugees is overloaded – hardly any of the refugees the aff tries to help will
actually get asylum
THERE ARE OVER 220 IMMIGRATION JUDGES OPERATING IN DOZENS OF COURTS THROUGHOUT THE U NITED S
TATES . MOST HAVE A LEGAL BACKGROUND IN IMMIGRATION AND MOST ARE
FORMER GOVERNMENT LAWYERS. INDEED, FORMER GOVERNMENT LAWYERS OUTNUMBER FORMER PRIVATE LAWYERS BY A RATIO OF TWO TO ONE. THIS IS OF SOME SIGNIFICANCE FOR ASYLUM-SEEKERS SINCE FORMER PRIVATE LAWYERS
GRANT ASYLUM NEARLY 50 PER CENT MORE OFTEN THAN FORMER GOVERNMENT LAWYERS. GENDER PLAYS A ROLE IN THE GRANTING RATE AS WELL. SEVENTY-TWO PER CENT OF JUDGES ARE MALES BUT WOMEN ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY AMONG THE MOST LENIENT.
THREE OF THE TOP FOUR MOST LENIENT JUDGES ARE WOMEN WHO GRANT CLOSE TO 50 PER CENT OF THE CASES THAT COME BEFORE THEM (TULSKY 2000). THE AVERAGE GRANT RATE IS MUCH LOWER, AND SINKS TO
BELOW 2 PER CENT FOR AT LEAST ONE JUDGE IN A SOUTHERN JURISDICTION. THIS PARTICULAR JURIST ALSO HEARD THE MOST CASES OVER A FIVE-YEAR PERIOD--3,846. THE NEXT MOST ACTIVE JUDGE RULED ON 3,056 CASES DURING THE SAME
PERIOD . ASYLUM ADVOCATES COMPLAIN THATTHERE IS NO ATTEMPT ON THE PART OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TO EXPLAIN THESE
SIGNIFICANT VARIATIONS. THE CHIEF IMMIGRATION JUDGE MAKES NO EFFORT TO EVALUATE A JUDGE'S PERFORMANCE
BASED UPON GRANTING RATES AND THE GOVERNMENT DOES NOT TRACK THE RECORDS OF JUDGES TO SEE HOW MANY OF THEIR DECISIONS ARE OVERTURNED AT A HIGHER LEVEL (TULSKY 2000). JUDGES, THEN, VARY ENORMOUSLY
IN THE NUMBER OF CASES THEY HEAR AND IN THE NUMBER OF CLAIMS THEY APPROVE. ASYLUM ADVOCATES ALSO COMPLAIN THAT JUDGES HAVE FAR TOO MUCH DISCRETION IN TERMS OF HOW THEY CONDUCT HEARINGS. IMMIGRATION
JUDGES ARE INSTRUCTED NOT TO SPEAK IN PUBLIC WITHOUT AUTHORISATION, BUT SOME HAVE ADMITTED THAT ONE OF THE PRESSURES THEY FACE IS AN INCREASE IN
THEIR CASELOAD (TULSKY 2000). FOR 2001 THE WORLD REFUGEE SURVEY REPORTED THAT THERE WERE OVER 320,000 ASYLUM CASES
PENDING BEFORE US IMMIGRATION COURTS (US COMMITTEE FOR REFUGEES 2003A). THIS HAS ENCOURAGED SOME JUDGES TO LIMIT THE TIME
ALLOTTED FOR EACH CASE AND RESTRICT THE AMOUNT AND NATURE OF THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED. SOME JUDGES HAVE LIMITED THE NUMBER OF
WITNESSES A CLAIMANT CAN PRESENT. SOME JUDGES REFUSE TO ALLOW TELEPHONIC TESTIMONY REQUIRING THE ASYLUM-SEEKER TO COVER THE
EXPENSE OF BRINGING WITNESSES FROM OTHER LOCATIONS. JUDGES CAN EXCLUDE WITNESSES, ARGUING THAT THEY HAVE LITTLE TO OFFER TO THE CASE. SOME JUDGES LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF TIME
EACH WITNESS CAN REMAIN ON THE STAND. JUDGES ARE ALSO ABLE TO LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE THAT CAN BE PRESENTED IN ANY GIVEN CASE. JUDGES ARE ABLE TO USE EXTENSIVE
DISCRETION IN TERMS OF THE ADMISSION OF DOCUMENTS, DISCRETION WITH REGARD TO TRANSLATION AND HOW CLOSE TO THE DATE OF THE ACTUAL HEARING THE DOCUMENTS WILL BE ACCEPTED. THESE RESTRICTIONS
POTENTIALLY IMPACT ON THE OUTCOME OF THE HEARING.
AT: Human Rights Credibility Advantage
U.S. human rights cred is high now – U.N. Council seat

Reuters 9
[May 14, http://us.oneworld.net/article/362897-us-reclaiming-role-rights-defender]cn
CITIZENS FOR GLOBAL SOLUTIONS CELEBRATES THE ELECTION OF THE U S TO A SEAT ON THE U N HUMAN NITED TATES NITED ATIONS
RIGHTS COUNCIL. THE U S WON BY A WIDE MARGIN, ANOTHER SIGN THE COUNTRY IS RECLAIMING ITS ROLE AS A
NITED TATES THAT
GLOBAL CHAMPION OF HUMAN RIGHTS. "T U S , HE U N

NITED TATES WAS FOUNDED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOM AND WE HELPED CREATE THE NITED ATIONS IN ORDER TO SPREAD THOSE IDEAS
," D K
AROUND THE WORLD, CEO G S
SAID . "TAKING A SEAT ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL IS THE NEXT STEP IN RECLAIMING
ON RAUS OF LOBAL OLUTIONS
OUR RIGHTFUL PLACE AS A BEACON OF FAIRNESS AND JUSTICE IN THE WORLD." CRITICS SAY THE COUNCIL HAS ACCEPTED AS MEMBERS SOME OF THE WORLD'S WORLD HUMAN
RIGHTS ABUSERS, WHO USE THEIR MEMBERSHIP TO BLOCK ANY SANCTIONS AGAINST THEM. KRAUS ACKNOWLEDGED THAT THERE ARE PROBLEMS WITH THE INSTITUTION, BUT SAID THE U.S. CAN MORE EFFECTIVELY WORK TO CORRECT THOSE PROBLEMS AS A MEMBER
OF THE COUNCIL. "THE U.S. HAS ENORMOUS RESOURCES AND LEADERSHIP CAPACITIES THAT WE CAN USE TO MAKE THE COUNCIL A
MORE EFFECTIVE INSTITUTION," SAID KRAUS. "AS A MEMBER OF THE ORGANIZATION, OUR PRIORITY MUST BE TO ENSURE THAT IT LIVES UP TO THE HIGH STANDARDS UPON WHICH IT WAS FOUNDED." THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL IS
AN INTER -GOVERNMENTAL BODY WITHIN THE UNITED NATIONS DESIGNED TO STRENGTHEN AND PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD. THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION DECLINED TO JOIN THE
COUNCIL WHEN IT WAS CREATED IN 2006. "THE DECISION BY THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION TO REVERSE THAT ACTION IS ANOTHER STEP
TOWARDS MAKING A CLEAN BREAK WITH DISCREDITED POLICIES AND CHARTING A NEW COURSE FOR THE U.S., ONE THAT IS BASED ON
FREEDOM AND JUSTICE FOR ALL PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD, WHETHER THEY LIVE IN THE U.S., MYANMAR OR DARFUR," SAID KRAUS.
Aff – Magnet Disad Answers
SOCIAL SERVICES ARE ONLY ONE OF MANY ‘MAGNETS’ – NAFTA ENSURES IMMIGRATION
IHM, No Date Given (“Immigration and Sustainable International Security”,

http://www.ihmsisters.org/www/media/justice_peace_and_sustainability_autogen/campaign_2008-immigration.pdf
Roots of migration. While the current focus of immigration reform legislation has been punitive, little attention is given to the
factors that cause people to leave their homes and families behind and undertake the perilous journey to a new land. Neoliberal economic
policies and free trade agreements such as NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and CAFTA (Central American Free Trade
Agreement) have had a devastating impact on people in Mexico, Central America and other parts of the world. For example,
Mexican corn farmers have been driven out of business by the influx of cheap, subsidized corn from the United States. Until people are able to enjoy
basic economic security in their own countries, they are left with few options other than migrating.
NO LINK – EMPIRICAL DATA DISPROVES THE THESIS OF THEIR DISAD
Camarota, 2004 (Steven A., Director of Research at the Center for Immigration Studies, “The High Cost of Cheap Labor: Illegal
Immigration and the Federal Budget”, Center for Immigration Studies Report, August)
Low Levels of Education Create Deficit. The findings of this study show that the primary reason illegal households create a fiscal deficit at the federal level is that
their much lower levels of education result in low incomes and tax payments that are only 28 percent that of other households. Thus, even though the costs they
impose are estimated to be only 46 percent those of other households on average, there remains a significant net deficit. Whether one considers their use of services
low is a matter of perspective. Because illegals are not even supposed to be in the country, many Americans are angered by the fact that they receive any services at
all. This is especially true of transfers to households like food stamps or cash payments from the Child Tax Credit. Although many Americans are
upset about their use of public services, there is little evidence that illegals come to America to take advantage of public
benefits. Most illegal aliens come for jobs, and the vast majority are in fact employed. But low levels of education mean they unavoidably create large
costs for taxpayers.
THE DISAD IS A LIE – DENYING SOCIAL SERVICES TO IMMIGRANTS DOES NOT HAVE A DETERRENT EFFECT
Cornelius, 2004 (Wayne A., University of California San Diego, “Controlling ‘Unwanted’ Immigration: Lessons from the United
States 1993-2004”, Center for Comparative Immigration Studies Working Paper No. 92, December)
federal law made not only unauthorized

The U.S. welfare reform law of 1996 had similar consequences. Inspired by California’s Proposition 187, this
immigrants but legal permanent resident ineligible for virtually all federally-funded benefits, like food stamps and Medicaid,
until they had lived in the U.S. for at least five years. Welfare reform stimulated no mass exodus of unauthorized migrants, and there
was no let-up in the massive wave of new immigration occurring in the second half of the 1990s. But immigrant parents whose children were
eligible for benefits did not access them because of confusion and fear of disclosing information about themselves to the authorities. About three-quarters of all
children living in immigrant-headed households in the United States are U.S. citizens, and there was a significant decline in benefit use by such families in the latter
half of the 1990s (Singer 2004: 31). In short, restricting access to public services has proven to be a very blunt instrument of
immigration control; it creates major social problems, and it does not discourage illegal immigration.
EMPLOYMENT IS THE ULTIMATE MAGNET – SOCIAL SERVICES ARE A DROP IN THE BUCKET
AILA, 2008 (American Immigration Lawyers Association, “Navigating the Immigration Debate: A Guide for State & Local
Policymakers and Advocates”)
Proponents of these restrictive measures hope that by making life in the U.S. less welcoming to immigrant families, many will “self-
deport” (see Immigrants’ Rights Update, NILC). These restrictions will undoubtedly frighten immigrants, their families, and their
communities who feel targeted by the measures (see Documentation Requirements Relating to Health for the Immigrant Community, NCLR). Yet the idea
that these restrictions will somehow help resolve the issue of undocumented immigration is foolhardy. Undocumented
immigrants are here to work, not take welfare, and passing laws that further limit their access to public benefits will not
lead these workers to leave the country. Instead, these laws will harm legally-present individuals—including U.S. citizens—who cannot produce
sufficient documentation under the new rules (see Medicaid: States Reported That Citizenship Requirement Resulted in Enrollment Decline for Eligible Citizens
and Posed Administrative Burdens, GAO and Not Getting What They Paid For: Limiting Immigrants’ Access to Benefits Hurts Families Without Reducing
Healthcare Costs, IPC).
NO LINK – SOCIAL SERVICES DO NOT ATTRACT IMMIGRANTS TO THE U.S.
AILA, 2008 (American Immigration Lawyers Association, “Navigating the Immigration Debate: A Guide for State & Local
Policymakers and Advocates”)
MYTH immigrants come to the United States to get welfare. FACT: Undocumented immigrants come to the United States to
work and reunite with family members. I1. In fact, undocumented immigrants are less likely than natives to use public
services.3 On average, both legal and undocumented immigrants received about $1,139 in health care, compared with $2,546 for native-born residents. Although
immigrants comprised 10% of the U.S. population in 1998, they accounted for only 8% of U.S. health care costs.4 2. A n analysis of welfare data by researchers at
the Urban Institute reveals that less than 1% of households headed by undocumented immigrants receive cash assistance for needy families, compared to 5% of
households headed by native-born U.S. citizens. 3. A lso, while 66% of Mexican immigrants report the withholding of Social Security taxes from their paychecks
and 62% say that employers withhold income taxes, only 10% say they have ever sent a child to U.S. public schools, 7% indicate they have received Supplemental
Security Income, and 5% or less report ever using food stamps, welfare, or unemployment compensation.5 Moreover, undocumented immigrants are ineligible for
welfare, food stamps, full scope Medicaid, and most other public benefits.
DISAD DOES NOT TURN THE CASE
SOCIAL SERVICES REDUCE LONG-TERM IMMIGRANT DEPENDENCE ON US WELFARE PROGRAMS
ASA, 2009 (American Sociological Association, NewsRx Health, June 21, p. 44)
"Our research suggests that the strong involvement of work and family in the Mexican decision to migrate leads to the prioritization of employment well
after migration, minimizing welfare receipt and increasing post-welfare employment," Van Hook said. "Further, immigrant public assistance may in
fact have a positive effect on integration, helping immigrants to work their way out of poverty and off welfare."
IMMMIGRANTS HAVE A NET POSITIVE IMPACT ON TAX REVENUES – THEY WILL NOT BANKRUPT BUDGETS AT ALL
Howley, 2008 (Kerry, Reason, October 1, p. 34)
Americans moving from California and the Midwest require men to build their new homes and landscapers to maintain them. They create newdemand for servers
and busboys, janitors and nannies. The majority of the low-skill foreign workers they attract have no avenue through which to seek legal
documentation, but they require the same social services as native-born Americans: public schools, law enforcement, androads.
Deporting hundreds of thousands of undocumented low-skill workers would save Arizona taxpayers on emergency room care,
but would likely raise prices and slow economic growth. "You have to look at a budget comprehensively," says Jason LeVecke.
"I could look at the costs of the electricity used to run my business and say,' Gosh, it's gotten really expensive. If I just turned it off, we'd save a lot of money.'"
Scholars have long attempted to quantify the costs and benefits that come with undocumented immigrants. Workers without status, in addition to using schools and
emergency rooms, pay sales, excise, and property taxes (sometimes indirectly, through rent). A 2007 study by University of Arizona researchers found that
noncitizens, most of whom are undocumented in the Copper State, cost Arizona $14o million a yearin health care and $89 million in law enforcement. The price of
educating every student classified as an "English language learner," which includes some citizens, was another $540 million. All told, the study said
illegal immigrants are costing the state about $1.4 billion a year. But the economic activity they generate provides $1.5
billion in tax revenues, yielding a net benefit to the public treasury, the study concluded.
NO CASE TURN – IT ONLY GOES IN ONE DIRECTION
Portland Press Herald, 2008 (December 11)
Expressions of concern about immigrants' use of social services also are misplaced. People with the initiative to leave their
native lands to seek a better home elsewhere often are among the best-educated and most-motivated members of their
societies. They bring that training and those skills to enrich their new homeland. Giving them a temporary hand in the process
is an investment not only in them but in the future prosperity of their adopted country.
Studies confirm the “social services magnet” doesn’t exist – people emigrate for jobs and their families
Yang 7 – Joshua, PhD, Senior Researcher at the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research
[Jul, http://www.calendow.org/uploadedFiles/1110M%20Magnet_PB_FINAL.pdf]cn
THERE ARE MORE STUDIES ABOUT THE EXPERIENCES OF LEGAL IMMIGRANTS THAN THERE ARE OF UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS. LEGAL IMMIGRANTS PROVIDE A GOOD MODEL FOR THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF HEALTH BENEFITS SINCE THEY ARE ELIGIBLE FOR MEDICAID
STUDIES THAT LOOK AT THE PATTERNS OF LEGAL IMMIGRANT SETTLEMENT AND BENEFIT
AND OTHER PUBLIC BENEFITS IN SOME STATES .
AVAILABILITY (BUT NOT USE) ARE INCONCLUSIVE AS TO THE EFFECT OF STATE PUBLIC-BENEFIT LEVELS ON THE LOCATION CHOICES
OF IMMIGRANTS. IT IS NOTABLE, HOWEVER, THAT STATES WITH NEWLY EMERGING LATINO IMMIGRANT POPULATIONS, SUCH AS
ALABAMA, GEORGIA AND SOUTH CAROLINA, ARE STATES WITH THE LEAST GENEROUS WELFARE PROVISIONS.7, 8 SOME STUDIES HAVE FOUND A RELATIVELY SMALL BUT STATISTICALLY
SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC BENEFIT GENEROSITY AND THE LOCATION DECISION OF NEWLY ADMITTED IMMIGRANTS.9, 10 OTHERS HAVE FOUND NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PUBLIC BENEFIT GENEROSITY AND THE LOCATION DECISIONS OF LEGAL
IMMIGRANTS.11, 12 THE DIFFERENT FINDINGS REASONS FOR UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRATION : WORK, FAMILY OR PUBLIC BENEFITS? THERE ARE FEW STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC HEALTH BENEFITS AND UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRATION . THERE ARE
MANY SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE FOREIGN BORN IN THE UNITED STATES , BUT NONE THAT ROUTINELY COLLECT INFORMATION ON UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS. THE REPORTED NUMBER OF UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES IS AN ESTIMATE
BASED ON THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF LEGAL IMMIGRANTS AND THE TOTAL NUMBER OF FOREIGNBORN PERSONS IN THE UNITED STATES .4 THESE ESTIMATES PROVIDE INFORMATION ON KEY DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF UNDOCUMENTED
IMMIGRANTS, BUT DO NOT PROVIDE INFORMATION ON WHY THEY CAME TO THE UNITED STATES . ONE STUDY THAT DIRECTLY ADDRESSES THE USE OF SOCIAL SERVICES AS A
REASON FOR UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRATION FOUND THAT UNDOCUMENTED LATINO ADULTS DO NOT IMMIGRATE TO THE
U.S. TO OBTAIN FREE HEALTH CARE OR USE SOCIAL SERVICES.5 THE STUDY SURVEYED UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS IN TWO COMMUNITIES IN TEXAS (EL PASO AND HOUSTON) AND TWO
COMMUNITIES IN CALIFORNIA (FRESNO AND LOS ANGELES ) THROUGH IN-PERSON INTERVIEWS. IT FOUND THAT UNDOCUMENTED LATINO ADULTS
IMMIGRATE TO THE U.S. MAINLY FOR EMPLOYMENT AND FAMILY REUNIFICATION. WHILE SOME RESPONDENTS REPORTED USING MEDICAID BENEFITS, LESS THAN 1% OF
RESPONDENTS ACROSS ALL FOUR COMMUNITIES ARE LARGELY THE RESULT OF DIFFERENCES IN DEFINITIONS AND METHODS. IN GENERAL, HOWEVER, IMMIGRANTS HAVE INCOMPLETE OR INACCURATE
INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE LOCATIONS WHERE THEY INITIALLY SETTLE.13 SINCE THEY
TYPICALLY RELY ON FAMILY OR CLOSE FRIENDS FOR THAT INFORMATION , IMMIGRANTS’ INFORMATION ABOUT HEALTH CARE BENEFITS IN DIFFERENT STATES IS LIKELY TO BE FLAWED. THE FINDINGS OF ONE OF THE FIRST STUDIES ON THE SUBJECT SUMMARIZES WHAT
THE LOCATION CHOICE OF AN IMMIGRANT IS MOST STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY THE PRESENCE OF

SUBSEQUENT RESEARCH HAS CONTINUED TO FIND:
OTHER IMMIGRANTS FROM THE SAME COUNTRY, WHILE THE EFFECT OF PUBLIC BENEFIT OFFERINGS IS WEAK AT BEST.14
IMMIGRANTS IN GENERAL, AND UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS IN PARTICULAR, ARE ALSO HEALTHIER THAN THE U.S.-
BORN POPULATION AND USE FEWER HEALTH CARE SERVICES.15 IF HEALTH SERVICES ACTED AS A MAGNET FOR IMMIGRANTS, WE
WOULD EXPECT TO SEE WORSE HEALTH CONDITIONS AND HIGHER USE OF HEALTH SERVICES THAN OBSERVED. THOUGH THERE ARE MIXED FINDINGS ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN IMMIGRATION LOCATION CHOICE AND STATE PUBLIC -BENEFIT GENEROSITY , THE CONCENTRATION OF IMMIGRANTS FROM THE SAME COUNTRY IS ALWAYS A STRONG AND SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR .10, 14 THIS FINDING IS FREQUENTLY OVERLOOKED IN
DISCUSSIONS ABOUT LEGAL IMMIGRANTS COMING TO USE PUBLIC BENEFITS . YET IT IS CONSISTENT WITH THE NETWORK THEORY OF IMMIGRATION, WHICH DESCRIBES IMMIGRATION AS A FUNCTION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN IMMIGRANTS IN A DESTINATION COUNTRY
AND POTENTIAL IMMIGRANTS IN A COUNTRY OF ORIGIN .16 A GROWING BODY OF RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THE IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL NETWORKS ON IMMIGRATION CHOICES.17 PUBLIC BENEFITS A SMALL FACTOR IN INTERSTATE MIGRATION WITHIN THE U.S.
THE MIGRATION OF LOW-INCOME CITIZENS BETWEEN STATES WITHIN THE U.S. MIGHT PROVIDE MORE CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC BENEFITS AND MIGRATION DECISIONS. RESEARCH ON INTERSTATE MIGRATION MAY PROVIDE MORE
PRECISE RESULTS FOR THREE REASONS. FIRST, DATA THAT DIRECTLY MEASURE ENROLLMENT IN PUBLIC BENEFIT PROGRAMS AND INTERSTATE MIGRATION ARE READILY AVAILABLE. SECOND, THE COMPLEXITIES PRESENTED BY MEASURING CITIZENSHIP STATUS,
ESPECIALLY OF HOUSEHOLDS, ARE ELIMINATED . THIRD, FEDERAL WELFARE REFORM IN 1996 PROVIDED A NATURAL EXPERIMENT TO EXAMINE CHANGES IN PUBLIC BENEFITS GENEROSITY AND MIGRATION . WELFARE REFORM RESULTED IN MANY STATES SETTING
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PUBLIC BENEFIT PROVISION , ALLOWING FOR AN EXAMINATION OF INTERSTATE MIGRATION IN RESPONSE TO THOSE CHANGES. RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERSTATE MIGRATION AND PUBLIC BENEFIT GENEROSITY CAN BE DIVIDED
INTO THREE WAVES. THE EARLIEST STUDIES FOUND LITTLE EVIDENCE OF A “WELFARE MAGNET” EFFECT ON INTERSTATE MIGRATION.18 IN THE 1980S AND 90S, A GROWING BODY OF EVIDENCE EMERGED DEMONSTRATING SOME EVIDENCE FOR PUBLIC BENEFIT-DRIVEN
MIGRATION.19, 20 RECENTLY, MORE SOPHISTICATED STUDIES HAVE CONCLUDED THAT MIGRATION FOR PUBLIC BENEFITS DOES NOT
OCCUR AT ANY SIGNIFICANT LEVEL.21, 22 SOME RESEARCHERS CONTINUE TO FIND A SMALL IMPACT OF WELFARE GENEROSITY ON THE RESIDENTIAL DECISIONS FOR SINGLE MOTHERS.23 OTHER RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THE
HIGH LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY THAT GOES INTO THE DECISION TO MOVE BETWEEN STATES.24 MANY OF THE CONFLICTING FINDINGS ARE AGAIN RELATED TO TECHNICAL FACTORS, INCLUDING THE TIME PERIOD UNDER CONSIDERATION , THE DATA SET USED FOR ANALYSIS,
AND THE PARTICULAR STATISTICAL MODEL USED TO DETERMINE FACTORS RELATED TO MIGRATION FOR PUBLIC BENEFITS . IN ORDER TO DEMONSTRATE THAT MIGRATION WAS CAUSED BY PUBLIC BENEFITS, A MODEL MUST BE ABLE TO SHOW THAT INTERSTATE MIGRANTS
MOVE HEALTH POLICY RESEARCH BRIEF 4 SYSTEMATICALLY FROM LOWER- TO HIGHERGENEROSITY PUBLIC BENEFIT STATES AND ENROLL IN PUBLIC BENEFIT PROGRAMS AFTER THEIR MOVE.21 DATA ON INDIVIDUALS WHO MOVE MUST ALSO HAVE INFORMATION BEFORE
AND AFTER A PERSON ’S MOVE, AS WELL AS A RANGE OF FACTORS—INCLUDING STATE EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS—TO BE ABLE TO MEASURE THE IMPACT OF BENEFIT GENEROSITY INDEPENDENTLY FROM OTHER DETERMINANTS OF INTERSTATE MIGRATION. THE
STUDIES THAT HAVE COME CLOSEST TO ACCOMPLISHING THIS HAVE SHOWN SMALL OR INSIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OF PUBLIC BENEFIT GENEROSITY ON INTERSTATE MIGRATION .21, 25 AS WITH THE STUDIES ON IMMIGRATION LOCATION CHOICE, FAMILY TIES ARE AN
OVERWHELMINGLY STRONG FACTOR AFFECTING INTERSTATE MIGRATION WHEN COMPARED TO PUBLIC BENEFIT GENEROSITY .23 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY IS ALSO A KEY FACTOR IN INTERSTATE MIGRATION DECISIONS.21, 24 EVALUATING THE “WELFARE MAGNET
HYPOTHESIS ” THOUGH UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS MAY USE GOVERNMENT BENEFITS THROUGH EMERGENCY MEDICAID AND OTHER PUBLIC PROGRAMS (PRIMARILY SCHOOLS), A REVIEW OF THE EXISTING RESEARCH ON IMMIGRATION AND INTERSTATE MIGRATION
UNITED STATES OR TO SETTLE IN A PARTICULAR STATE . IF

PROVIDES NO CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE THAT HEALTH OR OTHER PUBLIC BENEFITS ARE A SIGNIFICANT MOTIVATION FOR ANY DOCUMENTED OR UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS’ DECISION TO COME TO THE
UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION FOR PUBLIC BENEFITS, INCLUDING MEDICAID, WERE AS STRONG AN EMPIRICAL REALITY AS IT IS A PUBLIC
AND POLITICAL CONCERN, THERE WOULD BE FAR MORE EVIDENCE OF IT IN POPULATIONS FOR WHOM ACCESS TO PUBLIC
BENEFITS IS FAR EASIER (LEGAL IMMIGRANTS AND CITIZENS FOR EXAMPLE), REGARDLESS OF THE TECHNICAL DIFFERENCES IN RESEARCH STUDIES. THE
WEAK EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE REQUIRES REEVALUATING THE ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING THE “WELFARE MAGNET
HYPOTHESIS”—THE COMMON OPINION THAT PUBLIC BENEFITS ATTRACT IMMIGRANTS. THIS OPINION ASSUMES THAT IMMIGRANTS, LEGAL AND UNDOCUMENTED, ARE DRAWN TO A DESTINATION COUNTRY FOR ITS PUBLIC BENEFITS OVER ALL OTHER
POTENTIAL FACTORS, AND THAT THOSE BENEFITS ARE AVAILABLE TO THE UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANT. THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT: • EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND FAMILY REUNIFICATION ARE THE PRIMARY MOTIVATIONS FOR BOTH LEGAL AND
UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRATION . • WELFARE POLICY BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER WELFARE REFORM IN 1996 SEVERELY RESTRICTED THE PROVISION OF PUBLIC BENEFITS TO UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS. THOUGH EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES MUST LEGALLY BE
PROVIDED TO PATIENTS REGARDLESS OF CITIZENSHIP STATUS, AND SOME STATES PROVIDE SOME MEDICAL SERVICES FOR UNDOCUMENTED PATIENTS , THERE IS LITTLE EVIDENCE THAT PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE IS A SIGNIFICANT MOTIVATING FACTOR FOR
THERE IS ALSO NO EVIDENCE THAT HEALTH OR PUBLIC BENEFITS AVAILABLE TO UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS
UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRATION.
OUTWEIGH ASSOCIATED COSTS OF LEAVING ONES’ HOME COUNTRY AND RESETTLING IN THE U.S.
Jobs are the real magnet for immigrants, not social services – most immigrants don’t even use health care
King 7 – Meredith, Center for American Progress
[Jun 7, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2007/06/pdf/immigrant_health_report.pdf]cn
JOB OPPORTUNITIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY ARE THE “MAGNET” THAT DRAWS IMMIGRANTS TO THE COUNTRY; NOT
FEDERAL INCENTIVES SUCH AS HEALTH CARE COVERAGE AND SERVICES. IMMIGRANTS ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE EMPLOYED
IN INDUSTRIES THAT DO NOT OFFER HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, SUCH AS AGRICULTURE, CONSTRUCTION, , FOOD PROCESSING
RESTAURANTS, AND HOTEL SERVICES.31 I .32

MMIGRANTS ARE NEARLY FOUR TIMES MORE LIKELY TO WORK IN THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AND TWO TIMES MORE LIKELY TO WORK IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
UNINSURED RATES IN THESE INDUSTRIES ARE OVER 30 PERCENT COMPARED TO 19 PERCENT ACROSS ALL FOR ALL WORKERS FOR WORKERS
INDUSTRIES.33 WORK OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH GUEST-WORKER PROGRAMS ALSO DRIVE IMMIGRATION. YET THE GUEST-WORKER PROGRAMS FOR TEMPORARY,
UNSKILLED LABOR (THE H-2A PROGRAM FOR AGRICULTURE WORKERS AND THE H-2B PROGRAM FOR NON-AGRICULTURE WORKERS) PROVIDE LIMITED, IF ANY, HEALTH CARE BENEFITS TO THE DOCUMENTED
IMMIGRANTS IN THE PROGRAMS.34
Other aspects of American society inevitably act as a magnet for immigrants

Burkholder 2 – Barbara, ARIZONA HEALTH FUTURES
[Feb, http://www.slhi.org/publications/studies_research/pdfs/Magnet_Force.pdf]cn
THE MOVIE “MAGNET FORCE” IN ARIZONA TODAY, HE’D MAKE A DARING CROSS AT THE MEXICAN BORDER IN SEARCH OF A
IF CLINT EASTWOOD WERE TO MAKE
BETTER LIFE, BATTLE INDIFFERENCE, LOW WAGES AND RESTRICTED ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE; AND EMERGE TRIUMPHANT IN THE END AS A NATURALIZED
CITIZEN AND SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR, A “MAGNET” HIMSELF FOR THOUSANDS OF OTHER IMMIGRANTS TO FOLLOW AND PARTICIPATE IN THE AMERICAN DREAM. PEOPLE LIKE ROSA, A SINGLE MEXICAN IMMIGRANT
WAITING TO BE SEEN AT A MOBILE MISSION OF MERCY CLINIC ON PHOENIX’S SOUTH SIDE. SHE’S PREGNANT, HERE ILLEGALLY AND WORRIED THAT SHE MIGHT BE DEPORTED. OR SAKIB, A BOSNIAN REFUGEE WHOSE WIFE WAS KILLED BY THE SERBS. WITH TWO BRIGHT
ARIZONA, WORKS TWO JOBS AND STILL CAN’T GET DENTAL CARE FOR HIS FAMILY. THE MAGNET IS REAL ENOUGH: FREEDOM, OPPORTUNITY, A
TEENAGE DAUGHTERS, HE’S STARTING A NEW LIFE IN
THRIVING AND VIBRANT LAND BUILT BY IMMIGRANTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD. OVER 30 MILLION FOREIGN-BORN
PEOPLE CURRENTLY RESIDE IN THE U.S.; BETWEEN 400,000 AND 500,000 ANNUALLY ARE EXPECTED TO COME FROM MEXICO ALONE
OVER THE NEXT 30 YEARS.
Multiple alt causes make illegal immigration inevitable

Smith 7 – Lamar, U.S. House of Representatives
[Jul 30, http://www.heritage.org/Research/Immigration/hl1046.cfm]cn
I AGREE: THE IMMIGRATION STATUS QUO IS INTOLERABLE NOT BECAUSE OUR IMMIGRATION LAWS ARE BROKEN , BUT BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ENFORCED. IT WOULD BE IMMIGRATION REFORM JUST TO ENFORCE
CURRENT LAWS. TO THIS END, I HAVE INTRODUCED BOTH A RESOLUTION AND A BILL WITH CONGRESSMAN PETER KING (R-NY) THAT WILL SECURE THE BORDERS AND PROTECT OUR HOMELAND. THE RESOLUTION OUTLINES 12 WAYS IN WHICH A LACK OF ENFORCEMENT
HAS LED TO INCREASED ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION . WHY U.S. POLICIES FAIL IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT HAS FAILED BECAUSE ADMINISTRATIONS FOR 20 YEARS HAVE
PRIMARILY
NOT ENFORCED SANCTIONS ON EMPLOYERS WHO HIRE ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS. ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION WILL NEVER BE
BROUGHT UNDER CONTROL AS LONG AS THE EASY AVAILABILITY OF JOBS REMAINS SUCH A STRONG MAGNET. OUR RESOLUTION CALLS ON
THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION TO ENFORCE EMPLOYER SANCTIONS SYSTEMATICALLY , NOT JUST SPORADICALLY. A LACK OF ADEQUATE RESOURCES HAS BEEN ANOTHER PROBLEM. THIS
ADMINISTRATION HAS NOT REQUESTED THE NUMBER OF DETENTION BEDS, IMMIGRATION INVESTIGATORS, AND BORDER
PATROL AGENTS THAT CONGRESS CALLED FOR IN THE INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TERRORISM PREVENTION ACT OF 2004. ADDITIONALLY, IT HAS CONSTRUCTED ONLY A FEW OF THE
MILES OF FENCING CALLED FOR IN THE SECURE FENCE ACT. THE RESOLUTION CALLS ON THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION TO SEEK ALL THE IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT RESOURCES CALLED FOR IN THE INTELLIGENCE REFORM ACT AND TO FULFILL
THE PLEDGE WE MADE IN THE SECURE FENCE ACT. ADMINISTRATIONS HAVE STOOD BY WHILE STATES AND LOCALITIES HAVE VIOLATED FEDERAL LAW BY GRANTING IN-
STATE TUITION TO ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS. SUCH A POLICY REWARDS ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS AT THE EXPENSE OF U.S.
CITIZENS WHO ARE FORCED TO PAY OUT-OF-STATE TUITION RATES FOR THE SAME EDUCATION. THE RESOLUTION CALLS ON THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION TO ENFORCE FEDERAL LAW. ADMINISTRATIONS HAVE FAILED
TO PROSECUTE 98 PERCENT OF THE ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS STOPPED AT THE BORDER. THE RESOLUTION CALLS ON THE ADMINISTRATION TO ENGAGE IN MORE
PROSECUTIONS SO AS TO CREATE A CREDIBLE DETERRENT TO ILLEGAL ENTRY AND ALIEN SMUGGLING . ADMINISTRATIONS HAVE FAILED TO IMPLEMENT A MANDATED EXIT
CONTROL SYSTEM TO KEEP TRACK OF VISA OVERSTAYERS AND HAVE FAILED TO FULLY MAKE USE OF TOOLS THAT
CONGRESS HAS GRANTED TO COMBAT ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION, SUCH AS EXPEDITED REMOVAL FOR ILLEGAL ENTRANTS. THE
RESOLUTION CALLS ON THE ADMINISTRATION TO DO SO. ADMINISTRATIONS HAVE FAILED TO PROTECT AMERICAN TAXPAYERS BY NOT ENFORCING THE AFFIDAVITS OF SUPPORT THAT SPONSORS OF LEGAL IMMIGRANTS MUST SIGN. THE RESOLUTION ASKS THE
WE WOULD NOT
ADMINISTRATION TO DO SO. HAD PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS UTILIZED THESE TOOLS, REQUESTED THE NECESSARY RESOURCES, AND VIGOROUSLY ENFORCED THESE LAWS, WE WOULD NOT HAVE AN ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION CRISIS TODAY:
HAVE 12 MILLION TO 20 MILLION ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS LIVING IN OUR COUNTRY. THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION CLAIMS WE HAVE A DE FACTO
AMNESTY NOW. THAT'S TRUE AND IT IS THE RESULT OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION'S OWN LACK OF DETERMINATION TO ENFORCE THE LAW. WE DO NOT NEED AMNESTY TO ENFORCE CURRENT LAW--WE NEED TO ENFORCE THE LAW TO ELIMINATE THE
NEED FOR AMNESTY .
Aff – Iraqi Refugees Disad Answers – RFE Link Turn
Plan clarifies who’s eligible for refugee status – this reduces the ambiguity that slows the USCIS down
Siskind & Susser 4 – immigration lawyers
[Jun 28, http://www.visalaw.com/04jun5/11jun504.html]cn
ADVOCATES, ON THE OTHER HAND, PRAISED THE MEASURE AND NOTED THAT THE NUMBER FRAUDULENT APPLICATIONS WILL LIKELY DECLINE WHEN INTERIM
IMMIGRATION
DUE TO FASTER PROCESSING. THE MAIN NOTE OF CONCERN FROM THESE GROUPS IS THE INTENTION TO REDUCE THE
BENEFITS ARE NO LONGER NEEDED
NUMBER OF REQUESTS FOR EVIDENCE. RFES ARE ISSUED ROUTINELY WHEN AN EXAMINER IS NOT SURE THAT AN APPLICANT IS
ELIGIBLE. A RECENT USCIS INDICATED THAT EXAMINERS SHOULD MORE WILLINGLY DENY A CASE RATHER THAN ISSUING AN RFE WHEN THEY BELIEVE THERE IS NO ELIGIBILITY FOR THE BENEFIT OFFERED. IMMIGRATION LAWYERS HAVE INDICATED THAT
MANY EXAMINERS ARE NOT INFORMED ON EVERY ASPECT OF IMMIGRATION LAW AND THE RFE PROCESS ALLOWS LAWYERS TO EXPLAIN THEIR CASE.
Aff – Iraqi Refugees Disad Answers – No Backlog
No risk of backlogging – USCIS now has more staff and less strict security protocols
Bernal 9 – Dolores, Editor of News Junkie Post
[Jun 23, http://newsjunkiepost.com/2009/06/23/fbis-name-check-program-will-eliminate-backlogs-says-uscis/]cn
THE FBI’S ASSISTANT DIRECTOR W H WROTE A LETTER P J

ILLIAM19, 2008 DEFENDING HIS AGENCY
OOTON TO THE EDITOR OF THE OST THAT APPEARED ON UNE AND
SAYING AFTER 9/11 THE “THEN-I

THAT N S RESUBMITTED 2.7 MILLION NAMES TO BE RECHECKED ON A
MMIGRATION AND ATURALIZATION ERVICE
MUCH BROADER CRITERION: WHETHER THEY HAD BEEN REFERENCED IN A NEGATIVE MANNER IN AN FBI FILE,” H . T FBI OOTON WROTE HE
USCIS
TEAMED UP WITH THE A , 2008, P ’ .M ’
TO FINDS SOLUTIONS TO THE BACKLOG IN A LIST OF WHAT THE FBI AND USCIS
PRIL JUST TWO MONTHS BEFORE THE OST S EDITORIAL ONDAY S ANNOUNCEMENT INCLUDED
HAVE DONE TO SOLVE THE BACKLOG PROBLEM INCLUDING HIRING MORE PEOPLE TO DO THE NAME CHECKS, OFFER MORE
TRAINING TO CURRENT AGENTS WHO WORK IN THIS DEPARTMENT, AND BY REFINING THE SEARCH CRITERIA. “O UR CLOSE PARTNERSHIP WITH
FBI
THE ,” SAID USCIS ACTING DEPUTY DIRECTOR M A . “THIS
HAS RESULTED IN THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THIS SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENT WITH NATIONAL SECURITY AS ITS FOUNDATION ICHAEL YTES
CONTINUED WORKING RELATIONSHIP WILL HELP TO ENSURE THAT NAME CHECK PROCESSING IS ACCOMPLISHED AS
QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE WITHOUT COMPROMISING SECURITY CONCERNS.”
And these procedures solve – Iraqis get approved more quickly than other refugee groups
DHS 8 – Department of Homeland Security
[Sept 12, http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1221249274808.shtm]cn
ELIGIBILITY FOR REFUGEE STATUS IS DECIDED ON A CASE-BY-CASE BASIS. A USCIS OFFICER CONDUCTS A PERSONAL INTERVIEW
OF THE APPLICANT DESIGNED TO ELICIT INFORMATION ABOUT THE APPLICANT'S ADMISSIBILITY AND CLAIM FOR REFUGEE STATUS. DURING THE INTERVIEW, THE OFFICER CONFIRMS THE BASIC
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA OF THE APPLICANT; VERIFIES THAT THE APPLICANT WAS PROPERLY GIVEN ACCESS TO THE USRAP; DETERMINES WHETHER THE APPLICANT HAS SUFFERED PAST PERSECUTION OR HAS A WELL-FOUNDED FEAR OF FUTURE PERSECUTION ON THE BASIS
OF RACE, RELIGION , NATIONALITY , MEMBERSHIP IN A PARTICULAR SOCIAL GROUP, OR POLITICAL OPINION IN HIS OR HER HOME COUNTRY; DETERMINES WHETHER THE APPLICANT IS ADMISSIBLE TO THE UNITED STATES AND WHETHER HE OR SHE HAS BEEN FIRMLY
RESETTLED IN ANOTHER COUNTRY; AND ASSESSES THE CREDIBILITY OF THE APPLICANT. ENSURING SECURITY WE ARE COMMITTED TO CONDUCTING THE MOST RIGOROUS SCREENING
IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT THOSE BEING ADMITTED THROUGH THE REFUGEE PROGRAM ARE NOT SEEKING TO HARM THE
UNITED STATES. ON MAY 29, 2007, DHS ANNOUNCED AND IMPLEMENTED AN ADMINISTRATION-COORDINATED, ENHANCED BACKGROUND
AND SECURITY CHECK PROCESS FOR IRAQI REFUGEES APPLYING FOR RESETTLEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. NO CASE IS FINALLY
APPROVED UNTIL RESULTS FROM ALL SECURITY CHECKS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED AND ANALYZED. THE ENHANCED SECURITY CHECKS DO NOT IMPEDE THE
FLOW OF GENUINE REFUGEES TO THE UNITED STATES , SINCE THIS PROCESS RUNS CONCURRENTLY WITH OTHER OUT-PROCESSING STEPS. ON AVERAGE, THE TOTAL PROCESSING TIME FOR IRAQI
CASES IS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN FOR ANY OTHER REFUGEE GROUP WORLDWIDE.
No risk of a tradeoff – refugees are bracketed into sectors with their own set allocations
Margesson 9 – Rhoda, Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy
[Feb 13, http://ftp.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33936.pdf]cn
EACH YEAR, THE PRESIDENT SUBMITS A REPORT TO CONGRESS, , WHICH CONTAINS THE KNOWN AS THE CONSULTATION DOCUMENT
ADMINISTRATION’S PROPOSED REFUGEE CEILING AND REGIONAL ALLOCATIONS FOR THE UPCOMING FISCAL YEAR. F OLLOWING
, P P D
CONGRESSIONAL CONSULTATIONS ON THE PROPOSAL THE . THE FY2009 WORLDWIDE REFUGEE CEILING IS
RESIDENT ISSUES A RESIDENTIAL ETERMINATION SETTING THE REFUGEE NUMBERS FOR THAT YEAR
80,000. I 75,000
T INCLUDES 5,000 , , . THE
ADMISSIONS NUMBERS ALLOCATED AMONG THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD AND AN UNALLOCATED RESERVE OF NUMBERS THAT CAN BE USED IF AND WHERE A NEED FOR ADDITIONAL REFUGEE SLOTS DEVELOPS
FY2009 ALLOCATION FOR THE N E /S A REGION, WHICH INCLUDES IRAQ, IS 37,000. A

EAR AST OUTH SIA FY2009 , CCORDING TO THE CONSULTATION DOCUMENT THIS ALLOCATION INCLUDES
VULNERABLE IRAQIS, BHUTANESE, AND IRANIANS, AND AFGHANS.44 ADMISSIONS OF IRAQI REFUGEES TO THE UNITED STATES TOTALED 198 IN FY2005, 202 IN FY2006, 1,608 IN FY2007, AND 13,823 IN FY2008.45 ACCORDING TO A JANUARY 2009 STATE
DEPARTMENT REPORT, IT IS THE ADMINISTRATION’S GOAL TO ADMIT AT LEAST 17,000 IRAQI REFUGEES IN FY2009.46
Aff – Iraqi Refugees Disad Answers – UN Solves
U.N. will successfully solve Iraqi refugees with or without the U.S.
Relief Web 9
[Jun 18, http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/EGUA-7T5RHU?OpenDocument]cn
THE UN CONTINUES TO SUPPORT G IRAQ TO CREATE THE NECESSARY FACILITIES AND CONDITIONS FOR THE
THE OVERNMENT OF
REINTEGRATION OF IRAQIS THROUGH THE PROVISION OF BASIC SERVICES TO THE MOST VULNERABLE. I
RETURNING ,
N NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
1.5 , THE UN HAS BEEN WORKING CLOSELY WITH HOST GOVERNMENTS TO ENSURE
WHERE THERE ARE APPROXIMATELY MILLION REFUGEES REFUGEES
THAT
HAVE ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL SOCIAL SERVICES AND HAVE ASSISTED THROUGH ESTABLISHMENT OF RETURN CENTRES,
THE
MAKING AVAILABLE ADEQUATE SERVICED LAND, REHABILITATION OF SHELTERS, PROVISION OF INFORMATION ON RETURN
AND DISPLACEMENT, WATER AND SANITATION PROJECTS, IMMEDIATE HEALTH CARE, EDUCATION SERVICES AND FOOD
ASSISTANCE TO THE MOST NEEDY. THE UN EXPRESSES ITS APPRECIATION TO IRAQ'S NEIGHBOURS FOR CONTINUING TO
HOST IRAQI REFUGEES, J S AND FOR THE SUPPORT AND ACCESS TO SERVICES THAT HAVE BEEN
MOST OF WHOM ARE LOCATED IN ORDAN AND YRIA
PROVIDED TO THEM SO FAR.

Aff – Refugee Kritik Answers
The neg’s kritik of discourse produces a reactionary politics which provides the illusion of criticism,
leaving the socioeconomic root causes of injustice unexamined – this trades off with truly effective
political responses
Brown 1 – Wendy, Professor Political Science UC Berkeley
[Politics Out of History, pg. 35-37]cn
“SPEECH CODES KILL CRITIQUE,” HENRY LOUIS GATES REMARKED IN A 1993 ESSAY ON HATE SPEECH.14 ALTHOUGH GATES WAS REFERRING TO WHAT HAPPENS WHEN HATESPEECH REGULATIONS, AND THE DEBATES
ABOUT THEM, USURP the DISCURSIVE SPACE IN WHICH ONE MIGHT HAVE OFFERED A SUBSTANTIVE POLITICAL RESPONSE TO
BIGOTED EPITHETS, HIS POINT ALSO APPLIES TO PROHIBITIONS AGAINST QUESTIONING FROM WITHIN SELECTED POLITICAL PRACTICES OR INSTITUTIONS. BUT TURNING POLITICAL QUESTIONS INTO
MORALISTIC ONES—AS SPEECH CODES OF ANY SORT DO—NOT ONLY PROHIBITS CERTAIN QUESTIONS AND MANDATES CERTAIN
GENUFLECTIONS, IT ALSO EXPRESSES A PROFOUND HOSTILITY TOWARD POLITICAL LIFE INSOFAR AS IT SEEKS TO PREEMPT
ARGUMENT WITH A LEGISLATED AND ENFORCED TRUTH. AND THE REALIZATION OF THAT PATENTLY UNDEMOCRATIC DESIRE
CAN ONLY AND ALWAYS CONVERT EMANCIPATORY ASPIRATIONS INTO REACTIONARY ONES. INDEED, IT INSULATES THOSE ASPIRATIONS FROM QUESTIONING AT
THE VERY MOMENT THAT WEBERIAN FORCES OF RATIONALIZATION AND BUREAUCRATIZATION ARE QUITE LIKELY TO BE DOMESTICATING THEM FROM ANOTHER DIRECTION . HERE WE GREET A PERSISTENT POLITICAL
PARADOX: THE MORALISTIC DEFENSE OF CRITICAL PRACTICES, OR OF ANY BESIEGED IDENTITY, WEAKENS WHAT IT
STRIVES TO FORTIFY PRECISELY BY SEQUESTERING THOSE PRACTICES FROM THE KIND OF CRITICAL INQUIRY OUT OF
WHICH THEY WERE BORN. THUS GATES MIGHT HAVE SAID, “SPEECH CODES, BORN OF SOCIAL CRITIQUE, KILL CRITIQUE.” AND, WE MIGHT ADD,
CONTEMPORARY IDENTITY-BASED INSTITUTIONS, BORN OF SOCIAL CRITIQUE, INVARIABLY BECOME CONSERVATIVE AS
THEY ARE FORCED TO ESSENTIALIZE THE IDENTITY AND NATURALIZE THE BOUNDARIES OF WHAT THEY ONCE GRASPED AS
A CONTINGENT EFFECT OF HISTORICALLY SPECIFIC SOCIAL POWERS. BUT MORALISTIC REPROACHES TO CERTAIN KINDS OF SPEECH OR
ARGUMENT KILL CRITIQUE NOT ONLY BY DISPLACING IT WITH ARGUMENTS ABOUT ABSTRACT RIGHTS VERSUS IDENTITY-BOUND
INJURIES, BUT ALSO BY CONFIGURING POLITICAL INJUSTICE AND POLITICAL RIGHTEOUSNESS AS A PROBLEM OF REMARKS,
ATTITUDE, AND SPEECH RATHER THAN AS A MATTER OF HISTORICAL, POLITICAL-ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL FORMATIONS
OF POWER. RATHER THAN OFFERING ANALYTICALLY SUBSTANTIVE ACCOUNTS OF THE FORCES OF INJUSTICE OR INJURY,
THEY CONDEMN THE MANIFESTATION OF THESE FORCES IN PARTICULAR REMARKS OR EVENTS. THERE IS, IN THE
INCLINATION TO BAN (FORMALLY OR INFORMALLY) CERTAIN UTTERANCES AND TO MANDATE OTHERS, A POLITICS OF RHETORIC AND
GESTURE THAT ITSELF SYMPTOMIZES DESPAIR OVER EFFECTING CHANGE AT MORE SIGNIFICANT LEVELS. AS VAST
QUANTITIES OF LEFT AND LIBERAL ATTENTION GO TO DETERMINING WHAT SOCIALLY MARKED INDIVIDUALS SAY, HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED,
AND HOW MANY OF EACH KIND APPEAR IN CERTAIN INSTITUTIONS OR ARE APPOINTED TO VARIOUS COMMISSIONS, THE SOURCES THAT GENERATE RACISM, POVERTY, VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN, AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL INJUSTICE REMAIN RELATIVELY UNARTICULATED AND UNADDRESSED. WE ARE
LOST AS HOW TO ADDRESS THOSE SOURCES; BUT RATHER THAN EXAMINE THIS LOSS OR DISORIENTATION, RATHER THAN BEAR THE HUMILIATION OF OUR IMPOTENCE, WE POSTURE AS IF WE
WERE STILL FIGHTING THE BIG AND GOOD FIGHT IN OUR CLAMOR OVER WORDS AND NAMES. DON’T MOURN, MORALIZE.
S

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IRAQI REFUGEES DISADVANTAGE

A.) UNIQUENESS – IMMIGRATION IS DECREASING NOW

CSM, 6/25/2009 (Christian Science Monitor, http://features.csmonitor.com/economyrebuild/2009/06/25/economic-scene-how-

GROWTH OF IMMIGRANT POPULATION IS SLOWING – IMMIGRATION IS DOWN

Grand Rapids Press, 2009 (May 17)

IMMIGRATION IS DECREASING – BORDER PATROL APPREHENSIONS PROVE

Associated Press, 6/16/2009 (http://www.newsmax.com/us/us_immigration_drop/2009/06/16/225850.html)

THE CURRENT ECONOMIC CLIMATE IS DRIVING DECREASED IMMIGRATION

SOCIAL SERVICE INCREASES TRIGGER A FLOOD OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION

SOCIAL SERVICES CREATE A MANGNETIC EFFECT THAT ENSURES MASSIVE IMMIGRATION

TARGETING SOCIAL SERVICES TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS GUARANTEES ESCALATING WAVES OF IMMIGRATION

Karth, 2009 (Danielle, Freelance Journalist, http://www.helium.com/items/890432-why-illegal-immigrants-in-the-us-should-not-

SOCIAL PROGRAMS ATTRACT INCREASED IMMIGRATION

INCREASED IMMIGRATIONS RESULTS IN MORE POVERTY

DISAD TURNS THE CASE – CAUSES A DRASTIC INCREASE IN POVERTY

There is a good deal of

DISAD TURNS THE CASE

Increased Immigration Causes influx of terrorists with bioweapons

THE CURRENT DRIVE TO COMPLETE LARGE NUMBERS OF CASES PRESENTS

RESTRICTIVE SECURITY PROCEDURES IMPOSED SINCE THE SEPT. 11 ATTACKS TO ENSURE

IRAQ'S NEIGHBORS STRUGGLE WITH THE FLOOD OF REFUGEES,

S , "IN ISRAELI TERMINOLOGY, THE LAUNCHING OF MISSILES

OBAMA HAS PROMISED BETTER. O F

"D ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED TO HELP THE MILLIONS OF DISPLACED IRAQIS. T

CONSEQUENCE OF THIS WAR , I ' . AMERICA HAS A STRATEGIC

SENIOR COORDINATOR I ,A J F , - . FOLEY WAS BROUGHT IN

I . HE PRAISED WHAT HE CALLED "

M A US C I S (USCIS) SAYS THE FBI HAS MADE

U S ITSELF. I 2003, U.S.

USCIS normal means for sex trafficking victims and T-visas

USCIS) ANNOUNCED ON MONDAY THAT THE

U.S. backlogs are filled with Iraqi refugee applications

THERE IS, OF COURSE, A

TORN COUNTRIES, ESPECIALLY COUNTRIES INFILTRATED BY LARGE NUMBERS OF TERRORISTS".

UNHCR HAS DETERMINED THAT SECURITY HAS IMPROVED SIGNIFICANTLY

IT IS MORALLY ABHORRENT AND STRATEGICALLY ILL-ADVISED TO ABANDON THESE REFUGEES. T

CONTINUE TO SUFFER . PUTTING ASIDE OUR MORAL RESPONSIBILITY, THE U NITED S

THE PALESTINIAN REFUGEE CRISIS

AMERICA MUST TRY TO

Failure to process backlogged applications depletes the USCIS budget

THE COST TO COMPLETE THE CURRENT

Bringing in Iraqi refugees key to U.S. human rights credibility

MORE THAN THE UNITED STATES MUST DO MORE. MANY

RATHER THAN LEAVE SUCH INDIVIDUALS

WITHOUT RIGHTS, THE U NITED S

Resettlement of Iraqi refugees key to U.S. refugee leadership

WOULD BEGIN THIS PROCESS BY SWIFTLY PROVIDING INCREASED

PROTECT MIXED WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY

OF COMPENSATION TO ASK FOR," SAID REFUGEE WITH THE USUAL US ARM-

That turns their sex trade advantage

Lack of refugee resettlement destabilizes Iraq

Nuclear World War III

Failure to take in Iraqi refugees ruins U.S. credibility in the region

IT IS BELIEVED BY MANY THIS IS AN AMERICAN-MADE CRISIS. OUR RESPONSE,

That’s key to solving terrorism

CREDIBILITY INTACT TO SECURE IT.

TODAY'S TERRORISTS ARE BETTER

90 THEY IDENTIFIED AN INCONSISTENCY IN CONTRIBUTING TO VIOLENCE AND UPHEAVAL THAT DROVE

THE PLAN IS EXTREMELY CONTROVERSIAL – SPURS MASSIVE BUDGET FIGHTS

THE PLAN SPARKS IMMENSE PUBLIC OPPOSITION

PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES TO IMMIGRANTS IS EXTREMELY UNPOPULAR WITH THE PUBLIC

Increasing social services to immigrants is extremely controversial politically