WAVE DISTRIBUTION PROF. A.M.

ALLAM

TUTORIAL3
ANTENNA PARAMETERS

7/4/2010 TUT1
WAVE DISTRIBUTION PROF. A.M.ALLAM

1-Define the following:

– Isotropic medium, nonisotropic medium.
– Homogenous and inhomogenous medium.
– Linear and nonlinear medium.
– Radiation pattern, power pattern, field pattern.
– Directional and non-directional patterns.
– E-plane & H-plane patterns.
– Main & Minor lobes.

2-The radial components of the radiated power density of an antenna is given by :

sin θ
Wrad = aˆ r A0 0 ≤ θ ≤ π ; [ A0π 2 ]
r2

where A0 is the peak value of the power density,

Find the total radiated power using the definition of both radiation density and
intensity.

7/4/2010 TUT1
WAVE DISTRIBUTION PROF. A.M.ALLAM

3-An isotropic antenna is radiating in free space, at a distance of 100m from the
antenna the electric field Eθ is measured to be 5 V/m. Find:
a) The power density ( Wrad ). b)The power radiated ( Prad ).

4-Find the exact directivity of an antenna has a radiation intensity of the form:
(a) U = A0 sinθ 0 ≤θ ≤ π (Omni directional Pattern).
(b) U = A0 cosθ 0 ≤θ ≤ π / 2 (Directional pattern).
(c) Calculate the approximate directivity for problem (4) using Kraus formula.

5- The normalized radiation intensity of an antenna is given by:

(c) U = sin2 θ sin3 ϕ
2 2
(a) U = sinθ sinϕ
(b) U = sinθ sin ϕ (d) U = sin θ sin ϕ
2

where the intensity exists only in the region given by (0 ≤ θ ≤ π ; 0 ≤ϕ ≤π)

Find:
-The exact directivity.
-The azimuth and elevation plane half power beam width
-The approximate directivity using Kraus' formula.

7/4/2010 TUT1
WAVE DISTRIBUTION PROF. A.M.ALLAM

6-The radiation intensity of an aperture antenna, mounted on an infinite

ground plane, with the z-axis perpendicular to the aperture, is given by :
2
sin(π sin θ )
U=
π sin θ
Find the approximate directivity using Kraus1 formula.
7-The far zone electric field intensity of an antenna is given by:
π e − jkr
E = cos (cos θ − 1) 0 ≤θ ≤π
4 r
Find the directivity using Kraus1 approximate formula.

8-The power radiated by a lossless antenna is 10 watts. The directional characteristics

of the antenna are presented by the radiation intensity of U = B0 cos 3 θ
Find: (a) The maximum power density at a distance of 1000 m (assume far zone).
Specify the angle where this occurs.
(b) The directivity of the antenna.
(c) The gain of the antenna .

7/4/2010 TUT1
 WAVE DISTRIBUTION PROF. A.M.ALLAM

9-The maximum radiation intensity of 90% efficiency antenna is 200 (mW/unit solid
angle). Find the directivity and gain in dB when the:
-Input power is 40 mW.
-Radiated power is 40 mW.
10-An antenna has the radiation intensity of the form: U = A0 sin 2 θ , 0 ≤ θ ≤ π
Find the gain in direction: = 30°, 40°, 60°, 90° if the efficiency is 0.6
11-Calculate the beam efficiency for cone angles 30°, 40°, 50° for an antenna has
radiation intensity of the form: U = U 0 sin θ ; 0 ≤ θ ≤ π
12-Define the polarization, state its different types. Calculate the PLF of an antenna
whose electric field polarization is expressed as : E a = (aˆ x + aˆ y ) E (r , θ , ϕ )
When the incident electric field is : Ei = aˆ x E ( x, y ) e − jkr
13-A uniform plane wave is traveling in the +ve Z-direction. Find the polarization
(linear, circular or elliptical) find also sense of rotation (CW or CCW) when:
(a) E x ≠ E y , ∆ϕ = ϕ y − ϕ x = 0
(b)E x = E y , ∆ϕ = ϕ y − ϕ x = π / 2
(c) E = E , ∆ϕ = ϕ − ϕ = π / 4.
x y y x

(d) E x = 0.5 E y , ∆ϕ = ϕ y − ϕ x = π / 2.
7/4/2010 TUT1
 WAVE DISTRIBUTION PROF. A.M.ALLAM

14-A linearly polarized wave traveling in the –ve z-direction, is incident upon a
circularly polarized antenna. Find the PLF in dB, when the antenna is:
(a) RHCP(CW)
(b) LHCP(CCW)
15-Show that a linear polarized wave of the form E a = E0 (aˆ x + 2aˆ y )e
− jkz

can be represented as the sum of a RHCP & a LHCP. (HW)

16-A linearly polarized uniform plane wave traveling in the +ve Z direction, with a
power density of 10 milliwatts per square meter is incident upon a CW circularly
polarized antenna whose gain is 10 dB at 10 GHz. Find the:
a) Maximum effective area of the antenna.
b) Power that will be delivered to a load attached directly to the terminals of
the antenna.
17-A /2 dipole with the total loss resistance of 1 , is connected to a generator
whose internal impedance is 50 + j 25 . Assuming that the peak voltage of the
generator is 2V and the impedance of the dipole is 73 + j 42.5 : Find the power :
-Supplied by the source.
-Radiated by the antenna.
-Dissipated by the antenna.
7/4/2010 TUT1
 WAVE DISTRIBUTION PROF. A.M.ALLAM

18-A lossless half wavelength dipole antenna with input impedance of 73 , it is

to be connected to a transmission line whose z0 = 50 . Assuming the power
pattern of the antenna is given by: U= Bosin3
Find the overall gain of the antenna.
19-A resonant half wave dipole is mode out of copper ( =5.7x107 s/m) . Determine
the conduction dielectric (radiation) efficiency of the antenna at f =100 MHz, if
the radius of the wire is3x10-4 , and the radiation resistance of the dipole is 73 .

20-A 30 dB directivity right circularly polarized matched and lossless antenna in a

radio link radiates 5 W of power at 2 GHz. The receiving antenna has an
impedance mismatch at its terminals which leads to a VSWR of 2. The receiving
antenna is about 95% efficient and has a field pattern given by:
E a = (2aˆ x + jaˆ y ) f (θ , ϕ )
The distance between the antennas is 4000 km and the receiving antenna is
required to deliver 10-14 W to the receiver.
Determine the maximum effective aperture of the receiving antenna.

7/4/2010 TUT1
WAVE DISTRIBUTION PROF. A.M.ALLAM

21-Transmitting and receiving antennas operating at 1 GHz with gains of 20 and 15 dB

respectively, are separated by a distance 1 km. Find the maximum power delivered to
the load when the input power is 150 W. Assume that the:
a) antennas are polarized matched
b) transmitting antenna is circularly polarized while the receiving antenna is
linear polarized.

22-Two lossless, polarization matched antennas are aligned for maximum radiation
between them, and are spaced by a distance 50 . The antennas are matched to their
transmission lines and have directivities of 20 dB. Assuming the power at the input
terminals of the transmitting antenna is 10 W, Find the power at the terminals of the
receiving antenna.

23-Two X- band (8.2 - 12.4) GHz, horn antennas are distant 100 , t = 0.1, r =0.2,
Dot = 16 dB, Dor = 20 dB, Pt at the input terminals of the transmitting antenna is
2W.Assuming the two antenna are aligned for maximum radiation between them and
are also polarized matched. Find the power delivered to the receiver.

7/4/2010 TUT1
WAVE DISTRIBUTION PROF. A.M.ALLAM

1) TABLE OF :
sin x
x

0.0 0.5 1 1.39 1.9 2.0 3.14 3.5 4.5 4.7 6.28
X
Sinx/x 1.0 0.96 0.85 0.707 0.5 0.45 0.0 0.1 0.217 0.213 0.0

J 1 (x )
2) TABLE OF :
x

X 0.0 0.2 0.9 1.6 2.2 3.85 4.8 5.1 5.5 7.0

J1(X)/X 0.5 0.49 0.45 0.35 0.25 0.0 0.062 0.066 0.062 0.0

7/4/2010 TUT1