Title: automatic fan speed control

Aim: To build and test automatic fan speed control using decade counter and timer.

Introduction: The automatic fan speed control use to control speed in three step such as high, medium and low in
summer at starting human required high speed thereafter room temperature gradually decrease so human need to
medium speed of fan and at early morning need human low speed of fan. This is need of human. Our product same in
this way operate. This fan automatically off in 8 hrs.

Note: 1. when you connect fan that time see in figure and connect according to figure.
2. To carefully connection between fan and equipment.
3. Before to assemble circuit you can read theory and all part to identified then mount in PCB.

Apparatus: multi meter, cutter, nose pliers, soldering gun, soldering wire, flux.
Part list and costing:

Sr. Part name Part value Quantity Rate Amount

no.
1 Timer IC 555 1 7 7
2 Decade 4017B 2 15 30
counter IC
3 Battery 9v hi watt 1 8 8
4 switch SPST 1 3 3
5 Resistor
R1,R7 22k ohm 2 0.25 0.50
R3 to R6 10k ohm 4 0.25 1
R2 1 M ohm 1 0.50 0.50
6 Wire wound
Resistor R8 270 ohm 1 8 8
R9 570 ohm 1 8 8
7 Battery clip -------- 1 3 3
8 Capacitor
C1 220 uf 1 2 2
C2 0.01uf 1 0.50 0.50
 13 Multi strand --- 2 meter 1 2
Wire
14 Casing --- --- 50 50
TOTAL - 198/-

Theory: The individual working of each part are given as follows

1) relay: we have to use 12v relay in this circuit also you can use 6v relay both relay cost is same, before mount relay
in PCB you should be check continuously on multi mere. Whom is not continuity there is connect your device.

Photo of relay

circuit symbol
2) Transistor: The transistor is use as a switch in this circuit. It is general purpose transistor and available any
where.

Pin configuration

Front view symbol of NPN transistor

3) Diode: Diode is a device which allows flow of current only in one direction. When positive voltage is given to
the anode and negative voltage given to the cathode, the diode is in forward bias and this means diode will allow
current to flows. When we give negative voltage to anode then diode is in reverse bias condition this means diode
restricts flow of current.
The symbol of diode is given below.

Anode cathode

Figure : circuit symbol

Negative terminal of diode is indicated by white ring.

4) Capacitor: Function of capacitor is to store the electrical energy and give it again to the circuit, whenever
required. When voltage is given to the capacitor and capacitor stores charge, on its plate. One side stores positive
charge and other plate stores negative charge
The symbol for a capacitor is shown below.

Figure: - capacitor symbol

The capacity of capacitor to store electric charge is known as capacitance. It is denoted by C. Capacitance is
measured in Farad, but Farad is very large unit. The smaller units are Micro Farad (uF), Neno Farad (nF), and
Pico Farad (PF). The value of capacitor is printed on it.

5) Resistor: Resistor is electrical device that act to limit current flow in the circuit and at the same time lower
voltage levels within circuits.
The resistor represent by (R)
The symbol of a resistor used in circuit is shown below

Figure: - circuit symbol

Integrated Circuit (IC)

1) Timer IC 555: it is most use to set time for fan other device. You can change value of resistor R1 and R2
and capacitors C1 then you get change time. It is create self signal (clock) and give to decade counter. The most use
in real time application.

Pin configuration

2) Decade counters 4017B: This IC main part of circuit,because it is work as a counter. You should refer
carefully pin configuration and connection of IC.

Pin configuration
Observation

sr. no. starting time condition

1 10 pm HIGH
2 1 am MEDIUM
3 4 am LOW
4 6 am OFF
Circuit diagram
Figure 1: circuit diagram for automatic speed control for fan

Working
 During summer nights, the temperature is initially quite high. As time
Passes, the temperature starts dropping. Also, after a person falls a sleep, the metabolic rate of one’s body decreases.
Thus, initially the Fan needs to be run at full speed. As time passes, one has to get up again and again to adjust the
speed of the fan.
The device presented here makes the fan run at full speed for a predetermined time. The speed is decreased to
medium after some time, and to slow later on. After a period of about eight hours, the fan is switched off.
Figure shows the circuit diagram of the system. IC1 (555) is used as an astable multivibrator to generate clock
pulses. The pulses are fed to Decade dividers/counters formed by IC2 and IC3. These ICs act as
Divide-by-10 and divide-by-9 counters, respectively. The values of Capacitor C1 and resistors R1 and R2 are so
adjusted that the final Output of IC3 goes high after about eight hours.
The first two outputs of IC3 (Q0 and Q1) are connected (ORed) via diodes D1 and D2 to the base of transistor T1.
Initially output Q0 is high and therefore relay RL1 is energized. It remains energized when Q1 becomes high. The
method of connecting the gadget to the fan is given in Figs 2.

It can be seen that initially the fan shall get AC supply directly, and so it shall run at top speed. When output Q2
becomes high and Q1 becomes low, relay RL1 is turned ?off? and relay RL2 is switched ?on?. The fan gets AC through
a resistance and its speed drops to medium. This continues until output Q4 is high. When Q4 goes low and Q5 goes
high, relay RL2 is switched? Off? And relay RL3 is activated. The fan now runs at low speed.

Throughout the process, pin 11 of the IC is low, so T4 is cut off, thus keeping T5 in saturation and RL4? On? At the
end of the cycle, when pin 11 (Q9) becomes high, T4 gets saturated and T5 is cut off. RL4 is switched? Off? Thus
switching? Off? The fan. Using the circuit described above, the fan shall run at high speed for a
Comparatively lesser time when either of Q0 or Q1 output is high. At medium speed, it will run for a moderate time
period when any of three outputs Q2 through Q4 is high, while at low speed, it will run for a much longer time period
when any of the four outputs Q5 through Q8 is high. If one wishes, one can make the fan run at the three speeds for an
equal amount of time by connecting three decimal decoded outputs of IC3 to each of the transistors T1 to T3. One can
also get more than three
speeds by using an additional relay, transistor, and associated components, and connecting one or more outputs of IC3
to it.
Figure 2 modified automatic fan speed control arrangement

The resistors in Figs 2 are the tapped resistors, similar to those Used in manually controlled fan-speed regulators.
Alternatively, Wire-wound resistors of suitable wattage and resistance can be used.

Features
1) Do not to be interrupting the sleep.
2) Do not need wake up from in sleep.
3) Automatically divide in three mode like high, medium and low.
4) Automatically cut off system.

Application

1) To control speed of fan.

2) You can use to control speed of cooler and air conditioner.

Problem
When we have to connect fan & equipment and to start equipment, thereafter 2 hrs. Fan has been off because in
day our campus more current drop due to more load. So that to be fans off after 2 hours. The more load shedding in
rural area so many days for to test fan. For these required continues electricity for to testing.

Conclusion
We have to observed fan at starting high speed and after 2 hours fan to be medium speed, and last
low speed. At last automatic off becomes in 8 hours.