DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN
DAFTAR ISI...........................................................................................i
DAFTAR SINGKATAN.........................................................................iv
DAFTAR LAMBANG............................................................................v
DAFTAR GAMBAR..............................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................viii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN......................................................................1

1.1. Latar Belakang....................................................................1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah...............................................................5

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian.................................................................5

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum.............................................................5

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus............................................................5

1.4. Hipotesis...............................................................................6

1.5. Manfaat Penelitian...............................................................6

1.5.1 Manfaat penelitian untuk penelitian............................6

1.5.2 Manfaat penelitian untuk ilmu pengetahuan...............6

1.5.3 Manfaat penelitian untuk masyarakat.........................6

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................6

2.1. Tumor Intrakranial...............................................................7

2.1.1. Definisi........................................................................7
2.1.2. Epidemiologi................................................................7
2.1.3. Faktor Risiko...............................................................9

2.1.4. Gejala Klinis................................................................10

2.1.5. Klasifikasi..................................................................11
2.1.6. Pemeriksaan Pencitraan...........................................13
2.1.7. Tumor Otak Metastasis.............................................16

i
 2.2. Leukosit..............................................................................19

2.2.1. Jenis..........................................................................20

2.2.2. Neutrofil.....................................................................22
2.2.3. Limfosit......................................................................22
2.2.4. Nilai Normal...............................................................23
2.2.5. Abnormalitas Produksi Leukosit...............................25
2.2.6. Basofil........................................................................26
2.2.7. Monosit......................................................................26
2.2.8. Hubungan Leukosit Terhadap Tumor Intrakranial....27
2.3. RASIO NEUTROFIL LIMFOSIT..........................................29

2.3.1. Definisi.......................................................................29
2.3.2. Hubungan Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit dengan Tumor
Intrakranial.................................................................29
2.4. Penilaian Luaran Klinis Tumor Intrakranial...................34

2.4.1. Neurologic Assessment in Neuro- Oncologi...............34

2.4.2. ECOG Performance Status..........................................................38

2.4.3. Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS).............................39

2.5. Kerangka Teori.........................................................................41

2.6. Kerangka Konsep.....................................................................44

BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN.......................................................................45

3.1. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian..........................................45

3.2. Subjek Penelitian...............................................................45

3.2.1. Populasi Sasaran......................................................45

3.2.2. Populasi Terjangkau.................................................45

3.2.3. Besar Sampel...........................................................46

 3.2.4. Kriteria Inklusi...........................................................46

3.2.5. Kriteria Eksklusi........................................................46

3.3. Batasan Operasional........................................................47

3.4. Rancangan Penelitian.......................................................48

3.5. Pelaksanaan Penelitian....................................................48

3.5.1. Instrumen..................................................................48

3.5.2. Pengambilan Sampel................................................49

3.5.3. Kerangka Operasional..............................................49

3.5.4. Variabel yang diamati...............................................50

3.5.5. Analisis Statistik........................................................50

3.5.6. Jadwal Penelitian......................................................51

3.5.7. Biaya Penelitian........................................................51

3.5.8. Personalia Penelitian................................................52

DAFTAR PUSTAKA...........................................................................53

LAMPIRAN
 DAFTAR SINGKATAN

Ang : Angiotensin

APCs : Antigen-Presenting Cells

CBTRUS : Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States

CSF : Cerebrospinal Fluid

CT : Computed Tomography

CTC : Circulating Tumor Cells

DWI : Diffusion Weighted Imaging

ECOG : Eastern Cooperative Oncology

Group EMT : Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

FasL : Fas Ligand

FLAIR : Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery

fMRI : functional Magnetic Resonance

Imaging GBM : Glioblastoma Multiforme

MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRS : Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

GCSF : Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

IDH : Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

IFNβ : Interferon Beta

IL : Interleukin

KPS : Karnofsky Performance Scale

MHS : Major Histocompatibility

Complex MRI : Magnetic Resonance

Imaging

NANO : Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncologi

NETs : Netrophil Extracellular Traps

NFkβ : Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer

of activated B cells

Sel NK : Sel Natural Killer

PET : Positron Magnetic Resonance

Riskesdas : Riset Kesehatan Dasar

Rindu : Ruang Rawat Inap

Terpadu RNL : Rasio Neutrofil

Limfosit

RSUPN : Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat

Nasional SSP : Sistem Saraf Pusat

SPSS : Statistical Product and Science Service

TGF-β : Tumor Growth Factor Beta

TNF α : Tumor Necrosis Factor

Alpha VE : Vascular Endothelial

VEGF : Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

VHL : Von Hippel Lindau

WHO : World Health Organization

 DAFTAR LAMBANG

: nilai deviat baku normal pada

α : nilai deviat baku normal pada

: power penelitian

r : coefficient of correlation

n : besar sampel

vi
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 1. Kaskade Metastasis.................................................................................19

Gambar 2. Sel Darah Normal dan Hitung Jumlah Sel Darah Manusia.......................21

Gambar 3. Pembentukan Sel Darah ( Hemopoesis)..................................................25

Gambar 4. Respon Imun pada Glioma.......................................................................28

Gambar 5. Peran Neutrofil pada Glioma....................................................................31

Gambar 6. Kerangka Teori.........................................................................................41

Gambar 7. Kerangka Konsep.....................................................................................44

Gambar 8. Kerangka Operasional..............................................................................49

 DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman
Tabel 1 Klasifikasi Tumor Intrakranial (WHO Tahun 2007).......................12

Tabel 2 Klasifikasi Tumor Intrakranial (WHO Tahun 2016).................................13

Tabel 3 Metode Pencitraan dan Kegunaan Pencitraan Tumor

Intrakranial.........................................................................................15

Tabel 4 Teknik MRI dan Tujuannya dalam Pencitraan Tumor

Intrakranial...........................................................................................16

Tabel 5 Interpretasi Nilai Leukosit.............................................................24

Tabel 6 Skala Penilaian Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncologi.......35

Tabel 7 Skala Penilaian ECOG.................................................................39

Tabel 8 Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS)................................40