DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

KATA PENGANTAR..............................................................................................i

ABSTRAK..............................................................................................................iii

ABSTRACT............................................................................................................iv

DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................v

DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR...............................................................................................x

I. PENDAHULUAN............................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang..........................................................................................1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah.....................................................................................3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian.......................................................................................4

1.4 Hipotesis Penelitian...................................................................................4

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian.....................................................................................4

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...............................................................................5

2.1 Asam Usnat...............................................................................................5

2.1.1 Monografi asam usnat........................................................................5

2.1.2 Farmakologi asam usnat.....................................................................6

2.2 Nanopartikel.............................................................................................8
 2.2.1 Definisi Nanopartikel.........................................................................8

2.2.2 Jenis-jenis Nanopartikel.....................................................................8

2.2.3 Metode Pembuatan Nanopartikel.....................................................11

2.2.4 Metode Pengeringan Nanosuspensi.................................................15

2.2.5 Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pembentukan Nanokristal..................17

2.2.6 Kelebihan Nanokristal......................................................................18

2.2.7 Kekurangan Nanokristal..................................................................19

2.3 Poloksamer 188................................................................................19

2.4 Sifat Fisikokimia Suatu Obat..................................................................20

2.4.1 Kelarutan..........................................................................................20

2.4.2 Disolusi............................................................................................22

2.4.3 Ukuran Partikel................................................................................23

2.5 Karakterisasi Nanokristal........................................................................23

2.5.1 Sifat Organoleptis............................................................................23

2.5.2 Particle size analyzer (PSA)............................................................23

2.5.3 Scanning Electron Mikroskop (SEM)..............................................26

2.5.4 Difraksi Sinar-X (XRD)...................................................................27

2.5.5 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).......................................28

2.5.6 Disolusi............................................................................................28
III. PELAKSANAAN PENELITIAN...................................................................31

3.1 Tempat dan waktu penelitian..................................................................31

3.2 Metodologi Penelitian.............................................................................31

3.2.1 Alat...................................................................................................31

3.2.2 Bahan...............................................................................................32

3.3 Prosedur Penelitian..................................................................................32

3.3.1 Isolasi Bahan Baku Asam Usnat Dari Kayu Angin.........................32

3.3.2 Pemeriksaan Bahan Baku Asam Usnat............................................32

3.3.3 Pemeriksaan Bahan Baku Poloksamer 188......................................34

3.3.4 Rancangan Penelitian.......................................................................34

3.3.5 Pembuatan Nanokristal Asam Usnat................................................35

3.4 Evaluasi Nanokristal Asam Usnat...........................................................36

3.4.1 Particle Size Analyzer (PSA)...........................................................36

3.4.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)............................................36

3.4.3 Difraksi Sinar-X (XRD)...................................................................36

3.4.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).......................................37

3.4.5 Penetapan Kadar Asam Usnat Dalam Formula Nanokristal............37

3.4.6 Penetapan Profil Disolusi Nanokristal Asam Usnat........................38

3.5 Analisis Data...........................................................................................40

IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN...................................................................41

4.1 Hasil.........................................................................................................41

4.1.1 Hasil Isolasi Kayu Angin.................................................................41

4.1.2 Pemeriksaan Bahan Baku.................................................................41

4.1.3 Karakterisasi Serbuk Nanokristal Asam Usnat................................41

4.2 Pembahasan.............................................................................................45

V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN......................................................................60

4.1 Kesimpulan..............................................................................................60

4.2 Saran........................................................................................................61

DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................62

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