ELASTICITY

AND
HOOKE’S LAW

Member of Group :
1. Putri Aldriana (06)
2. Fitria Dwi W. (12)
3. Leny Fitryasari (18)
4. Ersa Putri Ardi (24)
5. Mufidah Nur R. (30)
 Purpose
In daily activity we see tools which made based on elasticity
principle, for example : spring balance . When the spring balances are
used to weight object . What is the relation between weight of object
with the length increase of the sping ? Why the balance can’t use
over the limit of measure ?

Tools and Materials

1. Spring...........................................................................................2
2. Ruler............................................................................................1
3. Statif and Klem...........................................................................1
4. Load....................................................................................1 pack
5. Rubber.........................................................................................1

Basic Theory
Robert Hooke in 1676, proposed a law of physics concerning the
added length of an elastic body is subjected by a force. According to
Hooke, added length is proportional to the force applied on the body
Hooke's law can be written as:

F ( m. g )
k=
∆L

k =spring constant N/m

F =force N
m =mass kg
g =acceleration gravitation m/s2
∆L=the length increment m
 This equation states the relationship between the added length
(delta L) with the force (F) and constant (k). Constituent material and
dimensions of objects is expressed in constant k. For the same
constituent materials, a large increase length (delta L) is proportional
to the length of the original object (Lo) and inversely proportional to
the cross-sectional area (A).

For springs in series, added a total length equal to the amount of

each added increment of total length of the spring.

1 1 1
= +
Ks k 1 k 2

Ks = series constant N/m

K1 = constant 1 N/m
K2 = constant 2 N/m

As for the spring arranged in parallel, increase the length of each

spring is the same (we suppose that the two springs are identical).

Kp = k1 + k2

Kp = parallel constant N/m

k1 = constant 1 N/m
k2 = constant 2 N/m
 The First Experiment

Elasticity

Experiment Procedure

1. Prepare all the tools and materials

2. Make arrage the materials and tools as the picture

3. Measure the initial length of rubber (Lo)

4. Hang the load on the rubber (assuming weight is Fo)
5. Measure the length become after you hang the load on the
rubber (Lt)
6. Repeat the fourth and fifth step with the addition of varying
loads
7. Fill the table
8. Draw a graph of ΔF against ΔL
Experiment Table of Elasticity
No. Mass (kg) The The initial The length The length
force(N) length(m) become(m) Increment (m)
1. 0.05 0.5 0.07 0.075 0.005
2. 0.07 0.7 0.07 0.078 0.008
3. 0.09 0.9 0.07 0.08 0.01
4. 0.14 1.4 0.07 0.09 0.02
5. 0.19 1.9 0.07 0.115 0.045
6. 0.24 2.4 0.07 0.135 0.065
7. 0.29 2.9 0.07 0.16 0.09
8. 0.39 3.9 0.07 0.205 0.135
9. 0.49 4.9 0.07 0.25 0.18
10. 0.834 8.34 0.07 over over

Grapich of Elasticity
 The Second Experiment

Hooke’s Law

Experiment Procedure
1. Prepare all the tools and materials
2. Make arrage the materials and tools as the 1,2,3 picture one by
one.

3. Measure the initial length of spring (Lo)

4. Hang the load on the spring (assuming weight is Fo)
5. Measure the length become after you hang the load on the spring
(Lt)
6. Repeat the fourth and fifth step with the addition of varying
loads.
7. Fill the table
8. Draw a graph of ΔF against ΔL
9. Use equations (theory) to calculate the spring constant
Experiment Table of Spring
No. Mass F Lo (m) Lt (m) ∆L (m) K
(kg) m.g (N) F/∆L
SPRING 1
1. 0.07 0.7 0.15 0.39 0.24 2.917
2. 0.08 0.8 0.15 0.44 0.29 2.76
3. 0.09 0.9 0.15 0.49 0.34 2.647
Mean of constant =2.7747 N/m
SPRING 2
1. 0.1 1 0.15 0.535 0.385 2.597
2. 0.11 1.1 0.15 0.59 0.44 2.5
3. 0.12 1.2 0.15 0.64 0.49 2.449
Mean of constant =2.515 N/m

Grapich of Spring 1 and 2

Experiment Table of Series Spring
No. Mass F Lo (m) Lt (m) ∆L (m) K
(kg) m.g (N) F/∆L
1 0.05 0.5 0.35 0.74 0.39 1.28
2 0.06 0.6 0.35 0.81 0.46 1.3
3 0.07 0.7 0.35 0.935 0.585 1.197
4 0.08 0.8 0.35 1.01 0.66 1.2
5 0.09 0.9 0.35 1.13 0.78 1.15
Mean of constan =1.2254 N/m

Graph of Series Spring

Experiment Table of Parallel Spring
No. Mass (kg) F Lo (m) Lt (m) ∆L (m) K
m.g (N) F/∆L
1 0.08 0.8 0.17 0.29 0.12 6.67
2 0.09 0.9 0.17 0.315 0.145 6.2
3 0.1 1 0.17 0.335 0.165 6.06
4 0.11 1.1 0.17 0.365 0.195 5.64
5 0.12 1.2 0.17 0.4 0.23 5.217
Mean of constant = 5.9574 N/m

Graph of Parallel Spring

Analysis of Data
a. Compare the series and parallel constant of calculation with
series and parallel constant of practice.

Series constant of calculation

Spring I
F F F
k 1= k 2= k 3=
∆L ∆L ∆L

0.7 0.8 0.9

¿ ¿ ¿
0.24 0.29 0.34

¿ 2.917 N /m ¿ 2.76 N /m ¿ 2.647 N /m

2.917+2.76+2.647
ḱ =
3

¿ 2.7747 N /m

Spring II
F F F
k 1= k 2= k 3=
∆L ∆L ∆L

1 1.1 1.2
¿ ¿ ¿
0.385 0.44 0.49

¿ 2.597 N /m ¿ 2.5 N /m ¿ 2.449 N /m

2.597+2.5+2.449
ḱ =
3

¿ 2.515 N /m
Spring series
1 1 1
= +
ks k 1 k 2

1 1
¿ +
2.7747 2.515

2.515+ 2.7747
¿
6.978

5.2897
¿
6.978

6.978
ks=
5.2897

¿ 1.319 N /m

Series constant of practice

F F F
k s 1= k s 2= k s 3=
∆L ∆L ∆L

0.5 0.6 0.7

¿ ¿ ¿
0.39 0.46 0.585

¿ 1.28 N /m ¿ 1.3 N /m ¿ 1.197 N /m

F F
k s 4= k s 5=
∆L ∆L
0.8 0.9
¿ ¿
0.66 0.78

¿ 1.2 N /m ¿ 1.15 N /m

1.28+ 1.3+1.197+1.2+1.15
ḱ =
5

¿ 1.2254 N /m
The relative false
|1.2254−1.319|
¿ ×100 %
1.2254

¿ 7.368 %

The relative true

¿ 100 %−7.368 %

¿ 92.632 %

Parallel constant of calculation

Spring I
F F F
k 1= k 2= k 3=
∆L ∆L ∆L

0.7 0.8 0.9

¿ ¿ ¿
0.24 0.29 0.34

¿ 2.917 N /m ¿ 2.76 N /m ¿ 2.647 N /m

2.917+2.76+2.647
ḱ =
3

¿ 2.7747 N /¿m

Spring II
F F F
k 1= k 2= k 3=
∆L ∆L ∆L

1 1.1 1.2
¿ ¿ ¿
0.385 0.44 0.49

¿ 2.597 N /m ¿ 2.5 N /m ¿ 2.449 N /m

2.597+2.5+2.449
ḱ =
3
 ¿ 2.515 N /m

Parallel spring

k p=k´1 + k´2

¿ 2.7747+2.515

¿ 5.2897 N /m

Parallel constant of practice

F F F
k p1 = k p2 = k p3 =
∆L ∆L ∆L

0.8 0.9 1
¿ ¿ ¿
0.12 0.145 0.165

¿ 6.67 N /m ¿ 6.2 N /m ¿ 6.06 N /m

F F
k p 4= k p5 =
∆L ∆L

1.2 1.2
¿ ¿
0.23 0.49

¿ 5.64 N /m ¿ 5.217 N /m

6.67+6.2+6.06+5.64 +5.217
k´ p=
5

¿ 5.9574 N /m

The relative false

|5.9574−5.2897|
¿ × 100 %
5.9574

¿ 11.2 %

The relative true

 ¿ 100 %−11.2 %

¿ 88.97 %

b. Discussion

1. In the experiment, can the fungtion of spring replaced by

another elastic object ? explain !
2. What is the cause of spring constant different ?

Answer

1. Yes it can. The spring function can be replaced by another

elastic object which have elastic characteristic, like rubber
rope. If the rubber rope was strained it can come back like the
first form
2. Something which cause the spring constant different is load
and the length increment
The Question
1. A spring has spring constant 200 N/m, if on the spring is
hunging weight 10 kg. How many the extention from the spring
length ?

2. A spring in lenght 20 cm, if the spring streched by force 200 N,

the length becomes 25 cm.
a. What is the spring constant ?
b. What is the potencial energy of spring ?

3. A spring free hanging the length is 20 cm, then given a weigth

100 g, the lenght becomes 25 cm, then it is pulled so the lenght
increase 5 cm. What is the potencial energy of spring ?

4. Two Spring s are arraged in series with the same constant 100
N/m . If the point gave weight 50 N, so How is the length of
sping increase ?

Answer
F
1. ∆ L= k

m. g
¿
k

10.10
¿
200

¿ 0.5 m
 F
2. a.k = ∆ L
200
¿
( 0.25−0.2 )

200
¿
0.05

¿ 4000 N /m

1
b. E p = F ∆ L
2
1
¿ ∙200 ∙ 0.0 5
2
¿5

1
3. E p = 2 F ∆ L
1
¿ mg ∆ L
2
1
¿ ∙ 0.1∙ 10∙ ( 0.05+0.05 )
2
¿0.05 Joule

1 1 1
4. ks = k + k
1 2

1 1
¿ +
100 100

2
¿
100

100
ks=
2

¿ 5 N /m
Conclution

From the experiment, the spring constant can be found by

formula :
F ( m. g )
k=
∆L

And from the formula , we know if constant value influence by mass

and the length increment.