The Dice Have Been

Thrown!
- Effects on Law Enforcement
- What’s New and Coming

- Problem Gambling

2010 Ohio Attorney General’s

Law Enforcement Conference
September 14th
10:30a.m. – 11:45a.m.
Casinos in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania State Police, Gaming Control
Board Agreement To Protect Integrity of
Gaming
• Through background investigations
• Aggressive monitoring and enforcement
• The State Police will assist the Gaming
Control Board “to ensure that gaming
operations in Pennsylvania comply with
existing laws and regulations and meet the
highest standards of integrity.”
 Organization
• Captain
• Two Lieutenants (one in Eastern other in
the Western half of state)
• Sergeant and 16 originally now 10
troopers assigned to each casino in state
• Have original jurisdiction on all crimes
committed within casino
• Local Police / Sheriff’s Office responsible
for law enforcement on grounds outside.
 Organization
• Gaming Control handles conformity with
the regulations
• All crimes committed and arrests made
are online on Pennsylvania State Police
UCR webpage by casino
• Act 71 of 2004 - Fourteen casino sites
authorized
• First casinos opened in 2006
 Organization
• Gaming revenue is split between the
operator (45%) and the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania (55%), Slots use the funds
for property tax relief, economic
development and tourism, and the horse
racing industry.
• Revenue from table games goes to the
state's general fund and the local
government.
 Problems
• Minimal amount of training on games and
how cheats operate
– On the job training
– Minimal in service trading
 Problems
• Increased problem with table games
• Totally different demographic than slots
– Only one case involving cheating with slots
(Meadows – still in litigation Washington
County)
• Table games have just started (Mid 2010)
 Problems
• Casinos within urban areas having walk in
or access to public transportation have
almost double the incidents
• Rivers Casino opened August of 2009.
 Problems
• Problem with vouchers
– If player leaves in the machine and another /
next player keeps / uses it – theft
– They have to investigate every complaint
 Problems
• Problem with vouchers
– If suspect willing to return funds – will not
arrest – work with casino security staff –
surveillance and tracking cards
 Offenses Offenses Offenses Actual Actual Actual
Known Known Known Offenses Offenses Offenses
Classification Of Offenses 2010 YTD 2009 YTD Pct. Change 2010 YTD 2009 YTD Pct. Change

060-Larceny-Theft 23 28 -17.86 23 28 -17.86

Total Part I 23 28 -17.86 23 28 -17.86

04E-Other Assaults - Not Aggravated 0 1 -100.00 0 1 -100.00

100-Forgery and Counterfeiting 6 0 N/A 6 0 N/A

140-Vandalism 0 1 -100.00 0 1 -100.00

18H-Drug Possession - Other 1 0 N/A 1 0 N/A

260-All Other Offenses (Except Traffic) 4 2 100.00 4 2 100.00

Total Part II 11 4 175.00 11 4 175.00

Total GAMING ENFORCEMENT - MEADOWS PSP 34 32 6.25 34 32 6.25

 Offenses Offenses Offenses Actual Actual Actual
Known Known Known Offenses Offenses Offenses
Classification Of Offenses 2010 YTD 2009 YTD Pct. Change 2010 YTD 2009 YTD Pct. Change

060-Larceny-Theft 46 0 N/A 46 0 N/A

Total Part I 46 0 N/A 46 0 N/A

04E-Other Assaults - Not Aggravated 4 0 N/A 4 0 N/A

140-Vandalism 2 0 N/A 2 0 N/A

18E-Drug Possession - Opium - Cocaine 2 0 N/A 2 0 N/A

18F-Drug Possession - Marijuana 1 0 N/A 1 0 N/A

230-Drunkenness 1 0 N/A 1 0 N/A

240-Disorderly Conduct 1 0 N/A 1 0 N/A

260-All Other Offenses (Except Traffic) 1 0 N/A 1 0 N/A

Total Part II 12 0 N/A 12 0 N/A

Total GAMING ENFORCEMENT-GEO RIVERS PSP 58 0 N/A 58 0 N/A

 Offenses Offenses Offenses Actual Actual Actual
Known Known Known Offenses Offenses Offenses
Classification Of Offenses 2010 YTD 2009 YTD Pct. Change 2010 YTD 2009 YTD Pct. Change

060-Larceny-Theft 5 10 -50.00 5 8 -37.50

Total Part I 5 10 -50.00 5 8 -37.50

04E-Other Assaults - Not Aggravated 0 1 -100.00 0 1 -100.00

100-Forgery and Counterfeiting 1 3 -66.67 1 3 -66.67

140-Vandalism 2 1 100.00 2 1 100.00

220-Liquor Law 0 1 -100.00 0 1 -100.00

230-Drunkenness 1 0 N/A 1 0 N/A

240-Disorderly Conduct 1 0 N/A 1 0 N/A

260-All Other Offenses (Except Traffic) 1 4 -75.00 1 4 -75.00

Total Part II 6 10 -40.00 6 10 -40.00

Total GAMING ENFORCEMENT - PRESQUE ISLE DOWNS PSP 11 20 -45.00 11 18 -38.89

 State police may cut back on
troopers at casinos
• HARRISBURG, Pa. (AP) -- State police officials
say they may cut back on the number of
troopers at each slot-machine casino after state
budget negotiators deemed the costs to be
excessive. As a result, troopers could end up
patrolling casino floors for 16 hours a day rather
than the current 24 hours, officials said.
Troopers removed from the casinos would be
reassigned to duties as part of the state's regular
force, state police spokeswoman Cpl. Linette
Quinn said Wednesday.
Pittsburgh Tribune- Review Nov 1, 2007
 PA Gaming Control Board Key to
Uncovering Alleged Slot Machine
Cheating at The Meadows
• The diligent observation of an on-site
Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board
employee triggered the start of an
investigation that led to the arrest of three
men charged with the alleged theft of more
than $420,000 from The Meadows
Racetrack Casino in Washington County
PR Newsletter – October 7, 2010
 The Meadows

210 Racetrack Rd
Washington, PA 15301
The Meadows
More Legal
 Meadows
• Opened in 2007
• Security has no arrest power – can detain
• Have over 1,000 horsemen who use the
track.
• Have Gaming Control and Pennsylvania
State Police Station on premise (16
Assigned)
• Township and Washington County Sheriff
make most arrests on grounds but not in
casino
 Meadows
• Arrest inside
– Intoxication
– People trying to outwit dealers
• Traffic not a problem
• Call volume has increased
• County Prosecution cases
– Cheating on Slots
– Thefts (felony level) from and in casino
 Meadows
• Most arrests are misdemeanors
– Thefts from vehicles
– Intoxication
• Most cases handled by Municipal courts /
magistrates
• Have noticed spill over problems in Mall
– Unsavory type – shop lifting credit card frauds
– Robberies – close proximity to interstate
The River’s Edge

777 Casino Dr
Pittsburgh, PA 15212
The Rivers Edge
 The Rivers Casino
• Opened in August of 2009
• In close proximity to Heinz Field home of a
professional (?) football team
• Casino Garage is closer to the Stadium
than many of the parking lots.
• Have reached agreement with Steelers for
1,000 parking spaces (Season Ticket
Holders) 750 for Panthers games.
 The Rivers Casino
• 3,800 parking spaces
• Casino originally charged on game days
– No longer charge
– Reconsidering for Steelers games a charge of
$25 will send free parking coupons to
selected casino players
• Table Games have increased number of
younger guests.
 The Rivers Casino
• Becoming a destination for entertainment
on Friday and Saturday Evenings.
• Crime has not increase in area
surrounding the casino
 Heinz Field

• Heinz Field website lists Casino Parking Lot as

one to be used on game days.
• There is little the Casino can do - most people
do not want to pay to park to go to the casino
 Problems
• Because of ease of entrance / egress to
the area – increased street crimes.
• Thefts, Vehicle Break ins
• Prostitution arrests in area
• More incidents because of
– Transit access to area
– Urban area
• Well “policed” area – especially on game
days
 Challenges
• This is first real test with table games –
change of demographics
• Game Days
 Presque Isle

8199 Perry Highway

Erie, PA 16509
Presque Isle Casino
Michigan
Michigan Gaming Control Board
• “ensures the conduct of fair and honest
gaming to protect the interests of the
citizens of the State of Michigan”
• 1996 Michigan voters approved three
licensed casinos in Detroit.
• Wagering Tax of 24% of adjusted gross
receipts (City collects 11.9% - state
collects 12.1%)
Michigan Gaming Control Board
• Gaming Control Board has Offices in all
three casinos. Their primary duty is
regulatory. Have armed State Police in
Casino for law enforcement duties.
• Local Police handle misdemeanor arrests
outside of the casinos but have on
occasion made arrests in casino.
• Have same voucher problem as
Pennsylvania.
MGM Grand Detroit

177 Third Street

Detroit, MI 48226
MGM Grand Detroit
What’s Coming!!
 Backers withdraw petitions for fall
slots vote
• A challenge to racetrack slot machines was
pulled from November's ballot on Monday, and
Gov. Ted Strickland moved swiftly toward getting
the budget-saving gambling devices up and
running.
• Strickland promised to seek a declaratory
judgment asking the courts to settle an
outstanding legal question about the devices:
– Are video slots banned under anti-gambling
constitutional language, or allowed as an extension of
the state lottery?
 Video Lottery Terminals
• Controlled by the Ohio Lottery
• On site control by operators
• Finite number of winners
– Similar to flare in break open tickets
• Set percentage of payout
– Set percentage of profit
• Stand alones / linked – in series
 Ohio Race Tracks
• Beulah Park
(Thoroughbred / Quarter horse -- located in Grove City)
• Lebanon Raceway
(Harness -- located in Lebanon)
• Northfield Park
(Harness -- located in Northfield)
• Raceway Park
(Harness -- located in Toledo)
• River Downs
(Thoroughbred/quarter horse -- located in Cincinnati)
• Scioto Downs
(Harness -- located in Columbus)
• Thistledown
(Thoroughbred -- located in Cleveland)
 What’s Next
• Liquor Permit premises
• Restaurants not having liquor permits
• Convenient Stores
• Rules / Regulation
– Number per location
– Hours of Operation
– Pay Out Percentage
The More Legal the More
Illegal
Area gas stations try hand at slots
• Reel Vegas Slots, the
Flanders, N.J., company
behind the games,
converted real slot
machines taken from
Atlantic City. But unlike
true slots that rely on a
computer chip to decide
when someone wins,
players must manually
stop three spinning reels
on the prize line to win.
Akron Beacon Journal By Rick Armon Staff writer
• Thus, the skill aspect of
Jan 29, 2010 the game.
 Gambling Machines seized in
Washington County, PA
By The Tribune-Review, Thursday, January 28, 2010

• Pennsylvania liquor control officers say criminal

complaints are pending after a series of raids on
bars and clubs throughout Washington County
the past year netted 169 gambling devices that
were confiscated.
• The state police bureau of liquor enforcement
said 45 licensed liquor establishments were
searched during the investigation. Police said
several thousand dollars in gambling proceeds
were confiscated during the multiple raids
 Creates more Illegal
Raids target Washington Co. bars - by Linda Metz, Staff writer
1/29/2010

• Forty-five bars, restaurants and clubs in

Washington County were raided
Wednesday by law enforcement officials in
an illegal video gambling investigation..
• Officers seized 169 video gambling
machines and more than $50,000.
 Gaming Control Board puts three
men on exclusion list
• The state Gaming Control Board has put three men
charged with gambling-related crimes at the
Meadows Racetrack & Casino on an "involuntary
casino exclusion list," which prohibits them from
entering or gambling at any casino in Pennsylvania.
• The three, were charged in October in connection
with an alleged theft scheme at the Washington
County casino, the board said.
• "They are accused of compromising a slot machine
at the Meadows to fraudulently claim over $400,000
in winnings over a two-month period last year," the
board said in a statement.
Monday, February 01, 2010 - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 Public servants are big fish in
gambling blacklist net
• WELLSVILLE, MO —
• For years, the crimes that barred gamblers from Missouri
casinos read like Mafia movie plots.

• Men with ties to Kansas City's notorious La Cosa Nostra

ran illegal betting rings, threatened witnesses and
skimmed money from Las Vegas casinos, according
to FBI testimony. And the state, seeking a Mob-free
gambling industry, banned each from Missouri's
riverboats.

ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH BY DAVID HUNN Sunday, Mar. 07 2010

 Public servants are big fish in
gambling blacklist net
• But that was more than 10 years ago. The
blacklist is dealing from a new deck, and
blackballing a different kind of professional: the
public servant.

– In the last year, four Missourians were barred from

casinos for crimes of "moral turpitude," bringing the
list to 17. Three were civil servants. Authorities say
they fed gambling habits with embezzled tax dollars.

– A St. Louis County school superintendent funneled

district money to his personal life insurance fund,
while often gambling 20 days or more a month.
Public servants are big fish in
gambling blacklist net
– A Kansas City-area elected administrator
siphoned at least $118,000 from disabled
clients' Social Security accounts, then used it,
authorities said, as "frequent customer of the
area's casinos."

– And a grandmother here in Wellsville stole

from her community's only public school.
State cuts gambling addiction programs
By Brent Walth, The Oregonian
Saturday, March 27, 2010 11:10 AM PDT
Sweepstakes Machines

Sales of Internet Time or

Phone Cards
 Summit County looks at
regulating gambling parlors
• Under the proposal, the businesses would be
required to obtain an annual $2,000 license from
the county's Office of Consumer Affairs, submit
detailed paperwork identifying the owner and all
workers, and pay a monthly fee of $200 per
gambling machine.
• They also would be prohibited from operating
later than 11 p.m. and could open no earlier than
10 a.m.
• No one under the age of 18 would be permitted
inside.
By Rick Armon Akron Beacon Journal Apr 03, 2010
 Summit County looks at
regulating gambling parlors
• The legislation would affect any business with
four or more machines.
• The legislation would bar people convicted of
''gambling or other crime of moral turpitude
within five years preceding the application'' from
receiving a license
• Seventy-five percent of the revenue generated
would be set aside for the townships. The
remainder would go to the consumer affairs
office, which would be responsible for
enforcement.
By Rick Armon Akron Beacon Journal Apr 03, 2010
 Sides of Issue - Con
• Chad Hills of Focus on the Family says: "These
machines have been shown to be extremely
addictive. That's a huge concern, primarily for
kids, because it's hard to keep them away."
• Well, I certainly agree kids shouldn't gamble,
and some people do wreck their lives. But why
can't adults be left to do what we want to do?
• Hills and Sen. Jon Kyl, R-Ariz., both eager to
ban gambling, talk about "addiction" leading to
bankruptcy, crime and suicide.
• People are responsible for the consequences of
their bad habits.
 Sides of Issue - Pro
• Anyone who wants to gamble illegally has no
trouble doing it. And let's not forget the official
corruption that black markets encourage.
Prevent Law-enforcement from taking bribes to
look the other way.
• The 1999 National Gambling Impact Study
concluded that 15 million Americans are
problem and pathological gamblers. "Ninety-nine
percent of the American public has no problem
with gambling," "They should have the freedom
to gamble if they want to gamble online. There is
no casino that is being forced into people's
homes."
 Sides of Issue - Pro
• For self-responsible adults, gambling can be fun
and harmless. A free country is supposed to
treats adults as though we are self-responsible.
Government should let us learn from our
mistakes rather than treat us like children.
• While states outlaw private gambling (at least
that which competes with the well-connected
casino interests), it runs its own gambling
operations: state lotteries. State lotteries take 50
percent of each bet.
 Saturation

How Much Is Enough!

 MTR Gaming posts $517,000
quarterly loss
• MTR Gaming Group Inc. reported a second-
quarter loss of $517,000 Monday, blaming high
unemployment and a weak economy, as well as
growing competition for gamblers.

• MTR owns Mountaineer Casino, Racetrack &

Resort in Chester, Presque Isle Downs & Casino
near Erie, Pa., and Scioto Downs in Columbus.

• Net revenues were off 8 percent overall for the

quarter, down from $121 million this time last
year to about $112 million, the company said.
Associated Press – August 10, 2010
Follow the Money!!!

Off Casino Facility Proper

Gambling Related
(Street Robberies)
 Show me the Money
• Gunmen with assault rifles get $11,000
from Cleveland (Ohio) poker game
Wednesday, October 28, 2009.

• Gunmen burst into the lunchroom at

Allied Lighting Services, where $70,000
in poker stakes awaited them. (SOLON,
Ohio) Tuesday August 10, 2010
 Show me the Money!!
• In urban areas
• Casino player takes cash with them
($100 and up) Steak in front of hungry
dog scenario.
• Prostitution in public area not
controlled by casino
Problem Gambling
 Embezzlement
• Embezzler deeply
sorry for gambling
$2.5 million

• Former deputy
treasurer admits
taking Stark money.
He faces 15 years in
prison for fraud and
conspiracy

By Kathy Antoniotti, Akron Beacon Journal staff writer, Published on Saturday, Jun 26, 2010
Embezzlement
• Vincent J. Frustaci, 38,
was served with a two-
count bill of information
Friday charging him with
falsifying bank statements
and internal records to
cover up the thefts. He
admitted he supplied the
altered records to county
and state auditors.
 Theft
NY cop gets up to 3 years for evidence room
theftsGreenwichtime.com January 22, 2010

HERKIMER, N.Y. (AP) — A former upstate

New York village police investigator has
been sentenced to from one to three years in
prison for stealing thousands of dollars from
a police department evidence room to
support his gambling habit.
Robert Risi, an 18-year-veteran
 Theft / Embezzlement
SanduskyRegister.com Sunday, January 24, 2010
Police say officer's wife stole thousands from Bellevue supermarket By CORY FROLIK
BELLEVUE

The wife of a Sandusky police officer says a

gambling addiction led to allegations that
she stole thousands of dollars from Bassett's
Market.
Jodi Gilliam, 52, Castalia, was fired from her
job at the Bellevue business, where she
worked part-time for three years, and
charged with theft earlier this week, officials
said.
 Extortion to Pay For Gambling
• David Reilly is accused of using the
Internet to extort money from a Wallingford
woman in order to pay gambling debts.
• According to an arrest warrant affidavit,
Reilly threatened to send humiliating
information about the woman's sex life to
her employer and parents.
Detective blames crime on
gambling addiction
• A New Haven detective
who has admitted
planting drug evidence
and stealing money from
a crime scene says his
actions were motivated
by a gambling addiction
and the outrage of
watching drug dealers
avoid prosecution.

Boston. Com May 21, 2008

VLTs - Problem Gambling in Women
CBC News
Wednesday, January 20, 2010

Researchers at the University of Manitoba

published a study this week in the Canadian
Journal of Psychiatry, they reviewed the
gambling habits of Canadian women 15
years of age and older. Playing VLTs in
bars and restaurants was associated with
the highest odds of problem gambling
among women, according to researchers.
 Demographics - Sex
• Female gambling addicts are generally
drawn to slot machines. They like the
repetitive nature of interacting with the
machine
• Women tend to be “escape” gamblers,
using their addiction to get away from
stress, depression and loneliness.
 Demographics - Sex
• Male gambling addicts are drawn to thrill
seeking in card games and roulette.
• Men are considered “action” gamblers,
getting a rush from risking winning and
losing a large amount of money.
 Demographics
• Studies have found high rates of
alcoholism, depression, anti-social
personality disorder, mood disorder, and
other conditions in pathological gamblers.
 Demographics - Employment
• The "Profile of the American Casino
Gambler" survey found that 46 percent of
casino gamblers are white-collar workers,
26 percent are blue-collar workers and 26
percent are otherwise employed, such as
military personnel and homemakers.
Thirteen percent are retired. The statistics
closely resemble those for the U.S. work
force.
 Demographics – Education
• Harrah's survey also found that 45 percent
of casino gamblers have no college
experience, 28 percent have some college
experience, 17 percent are college
graduates and 8 percent have
postgraduate experience. The statistics
closely match those for the education level
of the U.S. population.
 Demographics - Age
• The median age for casino goers is 47,
while the U.S. median age is 45, according
to the survey. About 54 percent of casino
patrons are women.
 Demographics - Income
• the average casino gambler has a median
income of $53,204 -- 16 percent higher
than the national average of $45,781.
 Demographics - Race
• In Illinois minorities make up 10 percent of
casino gamblers but account for 66
percent to 80 percent of bets placed. National
Coalition Against Legalized Gambling
 Demographics - Sex
• a face-to-face survey of 100,000 adults
conducted in 2002 found that 81 percent
of women visiting casinos play the slot
machines, compared with 67 percent of
men, and that 78 percent of gamblers
older than 65 play the slots.
 Demographics - Sex
• "Men gravitate more toward games of skill
and women have a tendency to gravitate
towards games of chance," said Lizabeth
C. White, deputy director of marketing for
the West Virginia Lottery.
• Victoria, Gamblers Anonymous reports
that now 7 out of 10 callers are women,
90% of whom are addicted to electronic
gaming machines
 Demographics - Sex
• The average slot-machine gambler is a
middle-aged, middle-class woman seeking
to trade disposable income for escapist
entertainment, according to gambling
industry surveys and officials.
• Gamblers Anonymous meetings often
outnumber the men. Over 95% of the
women treated at Charter Hospital in Las
Vegas play only video poker.
Problem Gambling
Here are some signs that you or a loved one
may have a gambling problem:
• increased preoccupation with gambling

• needing to bet more money, or bet more frequently

• withdrawal symptoms of restlessness or irritability when

trying to stop

• trying to win back losses

• relies on others to relieve financial problems created by

gambling

• can’t control or stop gambling

Here are some signs that you or a loved one
may have a gambling problem:
• gambles to escape problems or relieve negative mood

• lies to conceal the extent of gambling

• commits illegal acts to finance gambling

• jeopardized or lost a significant relationship or job due to

gambling

• spending money for gambling that is needed for other

expenses

• has overdue bills, bill collectors calling, items

repossessed
Here are some signs that you or a loved one
may have a gambling problem:

• numerous unexplained cash advances or loans

• misses work, long lunches or breaks, gambling calls or

computer gambling at work

• fails to finish projects

• disappearance of cash

• high risk investing

• household or personal items sold or pawned

 Here are some signs that parents
should know:
• unexplained absences from school

• dropping grades

• increased family conflicts

• family suspects alcohol or other drug use

• asking/taking/stealing money from family, friends or

strangers

• has large amounts of money

 Here are some signs that parents
should know:
• gambling language and gambling topics an important
conversational topic

• shows off money, clothes and other possessions

• unusual amounts of time on the computer (out of parents

sight), closing down programs when adults enter room,
reading sports pages and stats or reading about online
poker sites

• selling personal belongings

• bragging about winning

 Here are some signs that parents
should know:
• lying, cheating, stealing in school

• exhaustion from lack of sleep

• plays sports but doesn’t perform to normal abilities

(shaving points)

• overt interest in how other school teams or certain

athletes are performing
 Pathological Gambling
• Pathological gambling became an ICD-9
disease code 312.31 (in 1980) in the United
States,
• No death certificate has listed gambling as the
underlying cause of death.
• A search of the Compressed Mortality dataset,
which is maintained by the Centers for Disease
Control on their CDC Wonder site, found 0
deaths for 312.3, the ICD-9 code for impulse-
control disorder, which includes pathological
gambling (312.31)
 Pathological Gambling
• However, there have been many attempts
to establish gambling as an indirect cause
of death (linking gambling to suicide).
• The difficulties associated with co-
morbidity often evident among
pathological gamblers has contributed to
these assessments of causality.
 312 Disturbance of conduct, not
elsewhere classified
• 312.3 Disorders of impulse control, not
elsewhere classified:
• 312.30 Impulse control disorder,
unspecified
• 312.31 Pathological gambling
• 312.32 Kleptomania
• 312.33 Pyromania
 Diagnosis: PATHOLOGICAL
GAMBLING - ICD-9: 312.31
• Treatment:
– MEDICAL/PSYCHOTHERAPY

• CPT (Current Procedural Terminology):

90801-90807, 90810-90813, 90846-
90862, 90882, 90887, 96101, 99051,
99060,99201-99215, 99241-99255
 Diagnosis: PATHOLOGICAL
GAMBLING - ICD-9: 312.31
• Treatment:
– MEDICAL/PSYCHOTHERAPY

• HCPCS (Healthcare Common Procedure Coding

System): G0176, G0177, H0002, H0004, H0017,
H0018, H0019, H0031, H0032, H0033, H0034,
H0036, H0037,H0038, H0039, H0045,H2011,
H2013, H2014, H2021, H2022, H2023,H2027,
H2032, S5151, S9125, S9484, T1005, T1013,
T1016, T1023
 ICD -10 Codes
F63 Habit and impulse disorders:
• F63.0 Pathological gambling
• F63.1 Pathological fire-setting [pyromania]
• F63.2 Pathological stealing [kleptomania]
• F63.3 Trichotillomania
• F63.8 Other habit and impulse disorders
• F63.9 Habit and impulse disorder,
unspecified
 Pathological Gambling
• Pathological gambling was recognized as
a psychiatric disorder in the DSM-III, but
the criteria were significantly reworked
based on large-scale studies and
statistical methods for the DSM-IV. As
defined by American Psychiatric
Association, pathological gambling is an
impulse control disorder that is a chronic
and progressive mental illness.
 Pathological Gambling Defined
According to DSM-IV, Pathological gambling is now defined
as separate from a manic episode. Only when the
gambling occurs independent of other impulsive, mood,
or thought disorders is it considered its own diagnosis. In
order to be diagnosed, an indiviudal must have at least 5
(or more) of the following symptoms:
• Preoccupation. The subject has frequent thoughts about
gambling experiences, whether past, future, or fantasy.
• Tolerance. As with drug tolerance, the subject requires
larger or more frequent wagers to experience the same
"rush".
• Withdrawal. Restlessness or irritability associated with
attempts to cease or reduce gambling.
• Escape. The subject gambles to improve mood or
escape problems.
 Pathological Gambling Defined
• Chasing. The subject tries to win back gambling losses
with more gambling.
• Lying. The subject tries to hide the extent of his or her
gambling by lying to family, friends, or therapists.
• Loss of control. The person has unsuccessfully
attempted to reduce gambling.
• Illegal acts. The person has broken the law in order to
obtain gambling money or recover gambling losses. This
may include acts of theft, embezzlement, fraud, or
forgery.
 Pathological Gambling Defined

• Risked significant relationship. The person gambles

despite risking or losing a relationship, job, or other
significant opportunity.
• Bailout. The person turns to family, friends, or another
third party for financial assistance as a result of
gambling.
 Effects
• As debts build up people turn to other sources of money
such as theft, or the sale of drugs. A lot of this pressure
comes from bookies or loan sharks that people rely on
for capital to gamble with. Also, a gambler who does not
receive treatment for pathological gambling when in his
or her desperation phase may contemplate suicide.
• Compulsive gambling is often very detrimental to
personal relationships.
– Abuse is also common in homes where pathological
gambling is present.
– Growing up in such a situation leads to improper
emotional development and increased risk of falling
prey to problem gambling behavior.
 Tests for
• South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)
developed by Lesieur and Blume (1987) at
the South Oaks Hospital in New York City.
• DSM-IV diagnostic criteria focuses on the
psychological motivations underpinning
problem gambling and was developed by
the American Psychiatric Association.
• National Opinion Research Center DSM
Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS).
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
 Canadians
• The Canadian Problem Gambling
Inventory (CPGI) is another newer
assessment measure.
• The Problem Gambling Severity Index
(PGSI) is composed of nine items from the
longer CPGI. The PGSI focuses on the
harms and consequences associated with
problem gambling.
Drugs that May Cause
• Mirapex, which is used to
treat Parkinson’s Disease
and restless leg
syndrome, has been
associated with
compulsive behavior,
including gambling
addiction.
• The victims of Mirapex
side effects had no prior
history of obsessive or
compulsive behaviors.
Medical Treatment
• Naltrexone, a drug
frequently used in the
treatment of alcohol and
drug dependence, was
found to help control the
urge to gamble in nearly
40% of pathological
gamblers receiving the
treatment.
• Gamblers were able to
abstain from all gambling for
a period of at least one
month. Those receiving a
placebo had an abstention
rate of 10.5%.
Medical Treatment
• The study randomly
assigned a daily dose of
naltrexone to 58 men and
women aged between 14
and 59 and a placebo to
another 19
participants for a period
of 18 weeks.
• The study found that not
only were gambling urges
significantly decreased
but that lower doses of
the drug were equally as
effective.
 Questions???

William A. Riedthaler
wriedthaler@enforcementguide.com
(216) 813-6189 (Weeksdays)
(330) 467-4057 (Evenings Weekends)