HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
QuezonCity
VERIFIEDIMPEACHMENT COMPLAINT
COMPLAINAI{T'S,respectfullystartethat:
PREFATORY
2004), the
In Tut a, Rosete (A.M. No. MT]-04-1563, scpterrnber B,
to
Sr_rpremc Court haci the occasionto state that jucigesor justicesmust aclhere
in the
the highest tcnets clf judiciarl concluct "to promote ptrblic confidence
in
integrity an4 impartiality of the iudiciary because people's confidence
of lggat
th" iudi.ial s)rste* i, fo.,rlded not o.ly o. the ma8titude
the
knowledee and the diligence of the members of the bench, but also on
hiehest standar
It
-D O S S C S S
to
Oftetrtirnes...leniencyprovides thc cottrt employees the opporfunity
commit rnilor trarrsgressionsof tl-relaws and slight breaches of official
duty gltimatel), leading to vicious delinquencies.The respondent judge
should constarrtly kecp a watchfr:l eye olr the conduct of his
cmployecs. IJe shoulci realize that big fires start small. F{is constant
scrutiny of the trchavior of his ernployees wottld deter any abuse on the
part of thc lattcr in the exercise of their duties. Thcn, his subordinates
woglcl check that any misclenreanor will not retnain uncheckcd' Tlee
slightcst scmblance of impropriety on the part of the employecs of the
court in t6e performance of their official cltrties stirs ripples of pr-rblic
sr-rspicion and public clistrust of the judicial administrators. The
slightest brcach of cluty by and the slightest irrcgularity in the conduct
6f conrt clfficers and cmployecs dctract frclm the c-lignity of the cottrts
and erocle the faith of the peoplc in thc iucliciary.
'
A d t n . C l a s cn v o .1 3 7 - J .N l a r c l r2 7 . 1 ( ) 1 1
What is irrvolved in the present caseis not just a slight breach of dut1. or
a minor trarrsgression. The public official invoived is not just arr ordinarl,
court persorrnel or judg.. This case involves an Associate Justice of the
Suprerne Court, tt'ho, because of inexcusable acts of intellectual dishonesf,
iras dragged iris colieagues in tire Court, the entjre Supreme Court, and the
countrl"s jttstice svstem in a controversy that has causednot n-rereripples, but
\A'/aves
of ptrblic suspicion and distrust in the justice system.
THE PARTIES
Irvin Ir,{.Alcala, Horr. Florencio T. Flores, Jr., Hon. Vicente F. Belmonte, Jr.,
Hon. Teodoro B. Baguilat, Jr., F{on. iorge "Bo\et" Banal, Jr., FIon. Walden F-
the SupremeCourt on29 Jrrly 2009. He rose from the ranks of the judicrary,
at the SuplemeCourt,PadreFauraSt.,Ermtta,7000Manila.
Representatives
THE FACTS
War II.
professors/authors,
namely,l)r. ChristianJ. Tams,Dr. Evan Criddle,
and nrisreprcscrrtation
clone by Justicel)el Castillo were initially
Reconsidcration
dated 1B]uly 2010.2
'l-he
Supplcrnental}vlotiLrnlirr l{cconsitlcrationalle-gcsthat portionsol'thc llinut,ctdccisi<lnrverelifted r,r,ithout
attribLrtionficlrntlre it'orksof Internationall,ari authrtrs.plrrticularlv:
l . [ ) r o 1 I' .i v a n ( ] r i c l d l ca n c lI : ' r c l 1L.v a n l i o x - D e c e n t ' s2 0 0 9 a r t i c l ei n t h e Y u l e . f o r t r n aol f I n t c r n a t i o n a l
Lau'. "-,1I;iclucicu'1,'l'heo4, rf',/us ('ogens"
)
3. So6n, the International Law prrofessors/authorscame forward with
by JusticeDel Castillo.
"I write concenring a most delicatc isstte that has come to m)'
attention in the last fcrv days.
2.
Dr. Clhristian'l'arns' book, L,rt/orc'ing l;,rgaOnnes Obligution.sin InternctlionulI'av', publishedby
( ' a r n b r i d g et J n i v c r s i t yl ) r c s s ;
3 . I ) r . M a r k l r l l i s ' a r t i c l c i n t h c 2 ( X ) 6r , o l L r r nocl ' C l a s cW e s t c r t t . l o u r t t aotfl I n t c m a t i o n all, a w .
"llreuking the,\ilanc'e' On llope us etI lnlernutionul C'rime."
'ht!p;i1ur'^l.scr.i!4[.g..,itr/t|rlc/.-l9|i5tllll/l.citer.-!q[tc1lLrlrli9tlf-;!.[-q1I.,|
I -l l)cccrnber2010.
the
5. On 19 July 2070,prof. Criclcllemacle public hi: complaint on
Opiniolur is:
jtts
Spcaking for m1'5gif, the nrost tror-rbling aspect of thc court's
collens discussion is that it implies that tl-re prohibitions against
jus
crimcs against lrtturauitY, sexual slavcry, ancl tclrture are not
" a
cogelrs l-lorlns. Our article emphatically assertsthe opposite.
o1rturlqp-Lni9jqris.i4g1)I|)lo]t_l2itntqtlil!'rql'}1.l.L':-:pJ.agjurs:rtq:l-ralgq-b-e,d'9':.jb.t!uLtlpi
justlcc/accesscd on I J [)ccentber2(110.
3 lu,U-ftt ort l3 l)ecemher20 10.
accessed
l ,utrs:.L,r11c1--Q.:SUlttlq-lotrr!,
ta-tcribrl.!t!1111:d,I1]985QL(lll
in the Juclgment,I do not tirink it cirn be consiclereclatr
rerpr()chlcccl
approPriate form oi referencing'
to
I am particr-rlarlyconcenrctLthat my work shottid havc been trsed
suppgrt thc Judgrnerrt's catttious approach :cl the crga omnes
conc-ept. 11 fact, a most ftlrsory reacling shows that my book's
central thesis is prccisely the oppositc: tramely that the crga onlrles
conccpt has bcen ',,n'iclelyaccepted aucl hars a firm place in
coltemporary inter:national law. Hettcc' the introductory chapter
lgtcs that "[t]he present sttrcly attempts tcl demystify aspectsof the
'rz€ry rnysterions' concept .anci thcrcby to facilitate its
l5 October 2010),tlrtrs:
n!1tplscjtrcliciar),.gtlr,,.pUjLrruptlcjcncc/]0l.J)ioc.t<.lllg1-?'0-L()|]Q..1:lZ-LC._sq
20l0.
CHRISTIAN I. TAMS, Vimtyn, et. nl. a. Execrftizte
ENFORCING ERGA OMNES Secretnrtl, G.R. N o . 1,62230, 28
OBLIGATIONS IN April 2010.
TNTERNATIONALLAW (2005).
9
CogensQA09),hereinafter called " Criddle's & Irox-Decent'swork" and
the Supreme Court's 28 Apri[ 2010 Decision in Vitruun,et nl. u. Executiae
Secretnrtl.
t0
lFNrolIror exatnple, ilr the 7934
Oscar Chim Casc, Jtrdgc l FN 72l V erdross argtrcd that
lrrN6l
Sec Hrrgouis Crotii, De jure
Bclli et Pacis [On the Law of
War and Peacel (William
Whcwell ed. & trans., John W.
I'arkcr, Lotrclon 2009) (7625);
Emer c1c VatLel, [-e Droit des
Cens oll Principes de la Loi
Naturellc [.]-rc Law of Nations
or I'rinciplcs of Natr-rrall,awl $$
9, 27 (1758) (distinguishirrg "Ie
f)roitdes Gens Naturel, oll
N6ccssaire" frotn "le Droit (p 31, Footnote 77 of the 28
Volon tairc" );Christian Wolff, A p r i l 2 0I 0 D e c i s i o n )
Jus Centium Methoclo
ScierrtificaPcrtractorlrrn tA
Scicntific Method for
Understancling the [-aw of
Nationsl 115 (JanrcsBrown Scott
cc1., Joscph t{. Drake trans.,
Clarenclon I'ress 1934)(1764).
t.\
t'
colrcurring and disserrting
o p i n i c l n s .l l ;N roxix x
tF N eWi
l l l i a rn IJ a l l , A Treati se t' rn
In tc rn a ti o n a l I.a w 382-83 (8th
ed. 1921) (a s scrti ng that
"lttttdatne-ntal prirrciplcs of
internatiorral law" nray
" i n v a l i d a t c [ , or at lcast rcnder
voiclabie," conflicting
international allrcerrcrrts); 1
I-assa Oppen-hcittt,
Intc.rnational[.alt' 52u (1905).
trrNel
William FIall, A Treatise on lr;N7rlxxx (Williarn Hall, A
Intcnrational Law 382-83 (8th Tre atise olr International I-aw
ec1. 1924) (assertirrg that 382-83 (Bth ecl. 7924) (asserting
"fttndamental prirrciples of that "fundamental principles of
intcrn.ltional Ia\A," may international law" may
" i n v a l i c l a f e [ ] , or articast rerrdcr "invalidate [.], or at lcast render
voidaLrle," colrflicting voidable," con flictin g
iuternational agreements)xxx international agreements) xxx
r3
lfNrol Fctr cxample, in the 1934 lFNTrlxxx (For er:ample, in thc
lrrNr2l
IVon Verdrctss, supra note
5.1
(p 31, Footnote 72 of the 28
(pp. 335 of the Yale Law |ournal April2070Decision)
of Int'l Law)
t1
(p 37, Irootnote 72 of the 28
(pp. 335-6 oi the Yalc Law A p r i i 2 0 1 0D e c i s i o r r )
Jor-rrnalof lnt'i Law)
l5
Internatiorral Cclttrt of Justicc."
Flersch Lauterpachi, Law clf
'freatics: ir]' Special
lteport
' Y.B. Int'l I-.
Rapportetrr, [1953]
Comnt'n 90, 93, U.N. Doc.
A/CN.4/(r3.
'1953,
1 1 . In lv{arch Lauterpacht lrrNT3l Irr March 1953, tl're ILC's
s u b m i tte d for the ILC's Spccial llarpporteur, Sir l-Icrsch
consideration a partial clraft [.auterpacht, snbnrittcd lor thc'
convention or1 treaties whicl-r ILC's consideration a partial
s t a t e d t h a [ " [ a l t r e a t f , o r a n y o f draft conventicln on treaties
its provisions, is voicl if its which statcc{that "[al treaty, or
performance involves an act any of its provisions, is void if
which is illegal u n d c r its perforrnance involves an act
i n t e n r a t i o n a l l a w a n d if it is which is illegal utrder
declared so to be by the intcrnational law and if it is
Intcrnational C o ur t o f cleclared so to be by the
Jttstice." tr'\2r I Intemational Cottrt of Justice."
Hersch Lauterpacht, Law of
[rrN21l
Flersch l,arrtcrpracht,I-aw of Treatics: Report by Special
'['reaties:
Ileport by Sp-recialIlapporteur, [1953] 2 Y.B. Int'l L.
I{apportcur, [1953j 2 Y.B. Int'l ]-. Cornm'n 90, 93, U.N. Doc.
Cornnr'n c)0, 93, U.N. I)oc. A/CN.4/63.
A/CN.1163.
(p 37, Footnote 73 of the 28
(p. 336 of thc Yalc Law Journal A p r i l 2 0 1 0D c c i s i o n )
of Int'l Law)
16
basis for pcremptnry norms' rt*tl 5"" t t*-." f<..ntat of
lcgal ar.rthority0r the proper tha B77th Meeti ng', 11.96611 Y.B.
criteriat for iclentifyin g Int'l L. Contnt'tt 227, 230-237,
p e re mp to ry n o rms . U.N. Doc. A/CN.-1i188 (noting
that thc "cntergetrce clf a ntle of
lF\231 See f-Iannikainen, jtrs cogens Lranning aggrcssivc
sllpra
rrcrtc 18, at 760-67 (r-roting that \var as elt-linternational crime"
none of the twenty fi ve was evicicnce that intcrnational
menrlrers of the I LC in 1963 I a w contai ns " mi tl i mum
dcnied thc existencc of jus requirenrent[s] for safeguarding
cogens or contestcd the ttrre.existence of the itrtcrnational
inchrsion of an articlc c)n jr-rs conrrnunity").
cogens in the VCLT); sec, e.8.,
Strnrrnary I{ecords of the 877th
Meeting, 1795611 Y.B. Int'l L.
Comnr'n 227,230-231,LJ.N. L)oc.
A/CN.4/1t18 (rrotirrg that thc
"emergcnce of a ntle of jtrs
cogens baming aggressiverwar
as an ilrtcrnational crirne" was
c.vidence that intcrnational law
contains "minimum
reqlrirement[sl for safeguardi-rrg
thc existe''nceof the internatiorral
commLlnity").
1t t - 7
I tp 31, lrootnotc 7-+ of tire 28
April 2010Decision t
(Footnote 23 of the Yalc I-aw
Ig.l t4w)
lo11aol_"1
l8
e.8.,
Sampson v. Federal
IFN72]See, c.8., Sampson v. Ilepr,rblic of Gernrilrly,, 250 F.3d
Fccleral Rcptrblic of Gcrmatuy, 7 1 4 5 , 7 1 4 9 ( 7 t l r C i r . 2 0 0 1 )
250 F.3cl 7745, 1149 (7th Cir. (expressing con(rcm that jtt
2001) (exprcssing corlccrn that cogcrls should bc invoked
irr cogens should be invokecl " [ o l r r l y a s a l a s t r c s o r t " ) ) .x x x
"[o]nly as a last re'sort").
(p 32, Footnote 77 of the 28
ApriI 20'10Decisiorr)
l9
enforceab e itr a fclrt:ign court).
Sirnilarl' ', the European Court of
TINZJ S, Armed Activities on l{urnan ltights has addrcsscd
'fcrlitory
the o f t h e C o n g o jtrs rr()gns only once, in AI'
' Llnited Kingrlorn,when
(Dem. R"p. Congo v. I{walrcla) Adsnni
(Jnclgmertrtof Feb. 3, 200(r), at 2 it frr ,trsly rejected the
(dissenting opinion of Judgc argLrn.rc nt that jus cogetn
Dugard) xxx. violafi:rnSwrlr-rlddeprivc a statc
of sol'ercign immtrn ity. Al-
Atlsnrti tt. l.,lnitt:dK[ngrlom, 2007-
XI,Etrr. Ct. H.R. 7c),61).
20
Convcntion prrotccted womell by requiring the protet'tion prohibited,
of thcir "hcx-rour.//U:N101
Bltt mclclern-clayscnsitivity to thc particularly in war.
crime of rapc did not cmerge trrrtil after World War lI. But modern-duy
scnsitivity to the
tFNTlFor c'xample, the "l'reaty tlf Anrity antl Comnr. t'cc crimc of rape did
Prussia and thc UrriteclStatesproviclcs that in tinre ol war not emerge until
all women ancl children "shall not be molcstetl in thcir after World War II.
persons." The T'reaty of Amity ancl Cclmmcrce, Betwet'n his xxx (For exarnple,
Majesty thc King of Prussia ancl the United States of the Treaty of
8 TRIIATIES & Arnity
Ar-rrerica,art. 23, Sept. 10, 1785,U.S.-l)rLrss., and
OTFIEI{ IN]''L AGI(EEMENI'S OF TFIE U.S. 78, 85, Cclrnmcrce
a v a i l a b l ea t x x r . bertween Prussia
and the United
lFNsl Davicl Mitchell, The Prohibition of l{apc
States in prclvides
Intcrnational Flurnanitarian Lar.t,as a Norm of Jus Cogens: t h a t i n t i n r e o f w a r
Clarifying thc Doctrinc, 15 DUKE l. COMP. IN'|"L L. 279, all wornen arrd
224. childrcn "shall not
be molested in
t FN eId
l . at 236. their persons." The
Treaty of Amity
lFNrol
"Family honolrr and rights, the lives of persons, and and Commercc,
privatc prclperty, os well as rcligious convictions and Betwcen
prracticc,tnttst be resp-tcctccl."Conycltic-rn (IV) I{especting Majesty the King
tlre Laws & Custorns of War on Lancl, art. 46, Oct.78, 1907, of Prlrssia and the
availablc a t Unitc.cl States of
http ://w ww. yal e.ed u /1aw vvcb/avaI on/l awof w arlira gu e04.h t America, art. 23,
m #art16. Sept.70,7785,U.S.-
Pruss., 8
TREATIES &
AGI{EEMENTSOF
TFIE IJ.S.78, 85I)]
The 1863 Licber
Instructions
(p. 227 of thc Case Western Law I{eservc lournal of Int'l classifiedrape as a
I-aw) crirnc of "troop
discipline."
(Mitchell, The
Prohibition of
Rape fur
Intcmational
HurnanitarianLaw
as a Norm of Jus
2l
cogens: Clarifying
tlre Doctrinc, 75
DUKE I COMP
lN'I',L. L. 21,9,224).
It specificcl rape as
a capital crime
ptrnishable by tire
death penalty (Id.
'T'he
at 236). 7907
Hague Convention
prcltected women
by requiring the
protection of their
"11onour."
("Family honottr
and rights, the
lives of persons,,
and private
property, flS r.ttell
AS religious
convictious and
practice, must be
respected."
Convention (lV)
Respecting the
Laws & Customs
of War on Land,
art. 46, Oct. 18,
xxx.
1907[)1.
Af ter World War Il, whe.n thc Allie's established the l|N651xxx In the
Nurcmberg Cl-rarter,the word rapewas ncltrncntionecl.Thc Nurcmberg
ar t i c l c on c ri m e s a g a i n s t hr-rrnani ty expl i ci tl y set forth Charter, the word
pr o h i b i te d a c ts , b u t ra p c w a s not menti tttretl by nante.[l ' N r1] raPe was not
rnentioned. Thc'
lr ' N rl l Se e g e n e ra l l y , Agrccment for the Proscctttion and article on crlmes
Punishment of tl-re M a j o r War Crimiuals of the Eurt)-pean ggatlst humanit
22
'1945,59 '1544,82
Axis, Arg. B, Stat. U.l{.T.S. 279. cxplicitly set forth
crohibited acts,
:lut rape was not
(p. 227 of tlrc Casc Westcrn l-aw ILescrve]ournai of merrtioned by
Law) f-rame. xxx See
Agreement for the
Prosecution and
l:'unishment of the
Major War
Criminals o.f the
European Axis,
Arg. B, 7945, 59
Stat. 1541, 82
U. N.T.S. 279. xxx.
The Nrlremberg Judgmcnt dicl not rnake any reference lFN6sl xxx Tire
rape and rape was not proseculgd.tll"rt:l
ax1. Nurembcrg
Jr-rdgmentdi'd not
It was diffcrer-rtfor the Charter of the International Military
Tribunal for the Far Easf.trrNtsl xxX Thc Tribunal prosecuted refercnce to rape
rape crimes, evcn though its Stattrte clid not explicitly and rape was not
'['hc
crirninalize rape.IFNr7l Far East Tribunal held Gcncral prosecuted. (Judge
Iwane Matsui, Cornmancler Shnnroku lfata and Foreign Cabrielie Kirk
Minister Hirota criminally responsible for a series of McDonalcl, The
crimes, inclurling rapc, conrnritted by persons ulrder their I n l e r n ; r t i o n a l C r i m i n a l
'l'ribunals
authoritY.lFNrttl Crinre arnd
Ilurrislrluert--iil tlre
rFNr3l l$soatiercI-Arcm-i-
Juclge Gabriellc Kirk McDonalcl, f'he lntcrnational Ir,Sd_l_[qL1-!-_omp. I-.
Crirninal T'ribLrnals Crime ancl Punisirmcnt in the However,
667,676.)
InterrrationalArena, 7 ILSA I. INT'L COMI' L. 667, at 676. International
Military Tribunal
lrrNr5l See Charter of the lrrtcrnaticlnalTrilrunal for the Far for thc Far East
.f
E a s t ,J a n .19 , 1 9 4 6 , .t . A . S .15 8 9 . prosectrted rape
crlnles,
SeeMcDonald, supra note at 676. thoLrgh its Stattrte
dicl not explicitly
THE TOKYO TUDGMEN.|: IUDGMENT OF' THE
a")
.:.)
:riminalize raPC.
AT'IONAL N{ILITARY TI{IBUNAL FOI{ THE FAR
INTEIR.N
Roling and C.F.I{uter ecls.,1c)77). fhe Far East
EAST 445-51(B.V-A.
fribunal held
rleneral Iwane
'v4atsui,
Int'l lommander
(p. 228 of tl-reCase Western Law Reserve Journal of
Shunroku Hata
Law)
atrd Foreign
Minister Flirota
criminally
responsible for a
series of crimes,
inch,rdirrg raPe/
comrnitted by
pcrsons under
their authoritY.
(rHE TOKYO
JUDGMENT:
IUDGMEN'f OF
THE
INTERNATIONA
MILITARY
TITIBUNAL FOI{
TFIE FAR EAST
445-54(7977).xxx
'fhe
U;N6slXXX first
Thc first mcntion of rape as a specific crime came in
Decenrbcr 1945 whcn Control Cottncil Lar,vNo. 10 inch'rdecl mention of raPe as
the term rape in thc defini tion of crimes against a specific crime
camc in December
humanity.t|Nz2lLaw No. 10, aclopted by the four occupying
7945 when Control
powers in Germany, was clevisecl to establish a uniform
basis for prosecuting war criminals in Cerman courts' Council Law No.
1Q__l:-9['d"d_lLt
''t A
;'t
II;N221Control Cor-rncil for Germany, Law No. 10: term rape in the
Punishmcrrt of Persotrs Guilty of War Crimcs, Crimt's definition of
Against Peace and Against Fltrrnanity, Dcc. 20, 7915, 3 crimes against
Oificial Gazctte Control Council for Germany 50, 53 (7946), humanity. Law
available at No. 10, adoptecl by
0.htm
http://wwwl.ttmn.edtr,4rumanrts/instrec/ccno1 (last the folrr occupying
visited Nov. 20, 2003). This larn, set forth a trniform legal powers IN
basis in Gcrmatry for thc. prosectrtion of war criminals and Ccrmany, was
similar offcnders, othcr than tlrc>serlcalt with under the clevised to
Intcrnatiorral Military Tribr,rnal.Seeid. at 50. establish a ttniform
basis fclr
(pp. 228-9 of the Casc Westcru La'"vlLese'rveJournal of lnt'1 prosecllting war
Law) criminals in
Cerman colrrts.
(Control Council
for Gennany, Law
No. 10:
Punishment of
Persons Ctrilty of
War Crimes,
Crimes Against
Peace and Against
Humanity, Dec.20,
1945, 3 Officia l
Gazette Control
Courncil for
Cermany 50, 53
(1946))xxx
'freatnrcnt
The 1949 Ceneva Convention Ilelative to ther of [F-N65]
xxx The 7949
Prisouers of War was the first modcrn-r1ay international Ceneva
instrument to cstablish protections against rLtpc for Conrzention
wonlen.0rN23lHowever, the most irnportant dcrrelopment in Relative to the
breaking thc silcncc of rape as an intc.rnational crime has Treatment clf
come throtrgh the jr-rrisprudc.nccof the ICTY and the Prisoners of War
Intematiorral Criminal Tribunal for I{war^rda(fCTIf). Roth of was the first
25
-duy
thesc Tribunals have significantly advancecl the crime of nrodern
rape by enabling it to be p-165ecr-tted as genocicle, a \ /ar international
crinte, atrcla crimc agailrst humanity. xxx. instrument to
cstablish
Gcneva Convcntion Relative ttl the Irrotectiou of protections against
lrrN23j
'1949,
Civiliarr I'ersons in Tir-nc of War, Atrg' 12, art. 2" , 6 rapc for women.
U.S.T. 3316,75 U.N.1:.5.287 (entry into force Oc-t.20, 1cri0) Ceneva
firercinafter Fourtl-rGeneva Convention]. Convention
Itelative to the
(p. 229 of thc Case Wcste'rn l-aw Rescrve Jourrral of ltr''l I'rotection of
Law) Civilian Persons in
Time of War, Aug.
12, 1,949,art. 27, h_
r.J.s.]" 3316. 75
U.N.T.S. 287 (entry
irrto force Oct. 20,
1950) fi-rcreinaft'er
Fourth Ceneva
Convention].
Furthermorc, tl-re
ICC, the ICTY, and
the Intemational
Criminal Triburral
for Rwancla (ICTR)
havc significantly
advanced thc
crime of rape by
cnabling it to be
prosecuted as
genocide, a war
crime, and a crime
against humanity.
XXX.
26
generateclby thc isstle of plag; arism at the Suprc'me
8. Thc cc-rntrr-rversy
XXXX
issuecla per urinm De.cisionfincling that Justice Del Castillo did not
7
See"ln the N4atterof'thc Ohargeso f I ' l a s i a r i s n re. t c .A g a i n s tA s s o c i a t e. l u s t i c eM a r i a n uC l .I ) e l
No. l0-7-17-SCl.
6 . t
IU.
27
on 27 July 2010,lawprofessorsat thc UP Collegeof Law
10.Mearnwhiie,
'fhe
(1) plagiarisnt corunitted in the case of Vinuya v. Executive
Secretary is unacceptablc, ttnethical and in breach of the high
standards of rnoral cc-rneluctand judicial and professional
competenceexpectedof the Supreme Cottrt;
'fhc
(3) same breach ancl conseclr-rent clisposition of the Vinuya
case cloes violencc. to the prirnordial fnnction of the Supreme
Court as the ultimate dispcnser of' justice to all those who have
been left withotrt legal or equitablc recoursc, sttch as the
p c t i t i o r t c r st h c r c i n ;
(5) Thc. Suprcmc Court must takc this opporbunity to review the
manner by which it conducts research, prepares drafts, reaches
ancl finalizes decisions in ordcr to prevent a recllrrence of
sinrilar acts, ancl tc-rprorricle clear and concise guidance to the
Ilerrch and Bar to ensLrrc only tire highest quality of legal
rcscarch ancl writing in pleaclings,practice, zurcladjtrdication."
28
Cotrrt iss;r-red a Resolution in the
11.on 1g october 2010, tlre strpr:erne
,,Ir.c:Letter .f the up Law Factrrty e'titlt.-1 Rcstoring Integrity: A
case
o.f t:,irephilippines Collegeof
stntenrertt bt1tha Fnctiltrl o.f ttte Llrtlztersittl
nnd Misreptresentntion in the
Lnztt 0n tlte Allegntionsof Plnginrism
'(A.M. No. 10-10-4-sc)dir-ecti.g up Law professors'
s,prenre Court
clisciplined as members of
to "show cause why they shoulcl not bc
13 ancl l{ules 1'02 and
the Bar for: violation of Canons 10' '11' ancl
.f pr'fessionar Responsibirity, and fur:ther
1i .05 of the c.rle
callsc why hc should not be
dirc.ctingthe thc uP l.aw Dean to show
Canon 10, Rr-rles10'01' 7A'02
disciplinarily dealt with for violation of
letter dated August 70' 2010'
ancl 10.03 "f,r sr-rbmitting,thrc-rtrghhis
vinuya v' Executive
clrrrirrg the pendency of G.R. No. 162230,
the Committee cln Ethics
secretary and of the investigation before
'f the Court En Banc, a
ancl Ethical standards, for the conside'ation
reproduction of the
clr-rmmy which is not a true and faithful
Integrity: A Statement by
pr-rrporteclstatement, entitlecl "Restoring
College of Law on
the Faculty of the University of the Philippines
in the supreme
the Allegations .f ttlagiarism a.c1 Misrcpresentation
Court."
intellectual dishonesty of
12.The controvcrsy br.ought ab.ut by the
burdened the Supreme Cottrt
J'stice Dcl Castillo, has unnecessarily
internationally' Thus:
and tarnisheclits integrity, both locally and
29
72.1. C)n 72 October 2010, I.JPProf. Diane Desierto postetl "An Operr
Appeal to felkrw Internatiural Legal Scholars"to support the UP
Law facr,rltvon the internationallaw commurrityblog Oytinrt
luris:.')
'
htjp.//qni
n!qiuris,!'r'
'QQI
al leBations-o| --iudjt.fr{-Jlqui{tj yri{ acccsseclon I 3 I )cccrritter'20 I 0.
'f
UUtclrrcer.inctuirer.n-qllg-htipl,LirL{rlrtl?tulrulqri,r?0!}lLl:i1l99iL! acccsseclon l3 Decenrber 20la.
'l
acccsscclott l3 l)ecember 20l0.
lrllPzoPMqil!!Ls.olg1qglPltilppir-c.::pliig!irtstt-t-i,tll,..tgi!liettV
'-
http:i/urvry.senr1te.gcry1lt/IUqfS-rqlf:ilrv^il(l1Qll0?(, _r.:lqUrlUq!,aSp accessedon l3 I)cccmbcr 2010.
,'http://rrr,r111'.k|!q.p|,!]lr19:\.p'lu.,'q],!!qL:gr..'rnc'tltt1qnt{r!e\:it1.1iqlgrtid:..iE].rq
a l o n e & t : l t i r l " 7 0 : n r e s s - r ' c : l e r i r s c & l t e mai tclc" 'e8s1s e oc n
l l 3 l . ) e c e r n b e2r0 1 0 .
30
rather than tc-ract as its faithful gr-rardian. U1t rnately, it is the
Suprerne Conrt, acting as the stronghold of civil lji-rertiesancl rising
above its own frailties, which is in the best position to cleanseitself
and its ranks and rcpair tl-redamage brought Ll|.ropits imagc before
thc nation and befctrethe worl (1,"t4
72.8. On 04 Novernber 2010, Dr. ]ohn Paul C. Vcrgara, Vice President for
thc Lc-ryolaSchools (Atcneo), issned a memorandttm, "Treatment of
I'lagiarism Cases in thc Loyola Schools in Light of the Recent
Suprcme Cor-rrt Dccision" reiterating the Atctreo schools' position
"that acaclemichonestv ancl the ackrrowledgcmetrtof sonrces is not
simply a matter of the correct use of qtrotation marks, placement of
footnotes, or acqtrisition of permissions; it is a qtrestion of personal
clisciplinc antl rnoral character. Thc school's rcsolve on the stringent
requiremcnts in the proper ackrrowleclgcment of sources goes to the
hcart of its mission in forming persons for oLhers-persons who
valtre truth, rcspect,gratitude, integrity and justice."rz
','http':i/phdipp!!e.c'r-ltt1ntcni;rI],.b|.l&:pq!qr1,!tj'!t)/.!J)/ipc-appe1Ir&rjtldtqr!l-rqI!L4!ll!._ul.
1 3 D e c e m bre2 0 l t ) .
''http;1.ittt\:\Y.!lpll!|!-!]lLl-n-q11!1p-cli1inr1rr-crq-i!1!\t'-!Q.l']]li!tL|}!]
on l3 l)cccnrt.ler
occesScd 2010.
on l3 Dccembcr20l0.
llirttptlrruu'r1'.1-t'rcelx11f,..c'onrirrote.nlU.\qle--iti"l"1-rlJ59-12!751!iiicccssecl
''
h1{ir:i/[s.ate I ?8()I 7E04$-i4t)accessedott I 3 Deccmber 2010.
nco.edu/rriodrrlc.dtp]!]:!:_.itt'!t_clg$qtlrl&!'t_d::
3l
12.9. On 09 November 201,0, the Coordinating Ciruncil of Privatc
Educational Associations (COCOI'LA) issued a Statemcnt of
Concern to take cxception to the I'lagiarir,rn decision, and
'The
"implore[cl] the Sr-rpremeCourt, rnost rcspectlrtlllr, to iollow
Wuy Forwarcl' of jr-rsticcSereno's Disse'nting Opinion as the only
way by which it carrmaintain its juclicial dignity."r8
and thc public conficlenccirr the jtrdicial system and in the tnoral
't l''trp,/l..ap.org.lt]{ploaqllqirtrinlgildi-2Q10
I ll1l2,1llI 81i$i:l-prll'accessecl
on 13 December
2010.
1.t
-)/,
GIIOUI\TDFOR IM PEACIJME].JT
TI. justice Del Castillo betrayed public trust when he twisted what
International Law professors/authors Criddle, Fox-Decent, Tams,
and Ellis said in their works, making it appear that the theory
espoused by these authors support an argument to dismiss the case
of the Petitioners in Vinuyn, et. nL as. Executiue Secretnrll, et. ol.,
when in fact, the theories of these authors support the claims of
the Petitioners.
III. Justice Del Castillo betrayed public trust when, in twisting the
true intents of the sources,he misled the other members of the
Honorable SupremeCourt.
DISCUSSION
scrvice,thus:
.),]
JJ
Section 1. Public office is a pr,rblictrust. Public officers ,rnd employees
rnust, at all times, be accountablc tt> the people, serve them with
utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficirrnc/i act with
patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives.
wit:
'Ihc
Section 2. I'rcsiclenl, the Vice-l)resiclent, the Members clf the
Supremc Court, thc Memtrers of thc Coristittttional Cornmissitlus, and
tlre Ornbuc-lsrnanmay bc removecl frotn <tfficc on inrpcachmcnt for,
and cgnviction of, culpalrle violation of the Constitution, treason,
bribery, graft ancl crlrruption, other high crimes, or bctrayal of public
trust. All other pr-rblic officers and employees lttay be removed from
office as providcd by law, but nctt by itnpeachmc-nt.
Bernas,S.J.,statccl:
Fr. Joacluir^r
34
It bears ernphasisthat rcspondentDel Castillo, PrL rr tcl assuming office,
tgok an oath to trpholcl, clefcnd alnd bear trtte faith ; rrcl allegiancc to the
constituted authoritics, to will werll ancl faithftrlllz discharge to the best of his
CAA/OAJ2
INTEGRITY
SECTfON 1. Judges shall ensllrc that not only is their cotrduct above
reproach, but that it is pcrceived to be so in the view of a reasonable
otrserver.
35
SEC. 3. Judgcs shotrld take or initiate appropriatt. disciplinary
measLlresagainst lawyers or court personnel for ttnprofcssional
conductof which thc judgt:may havc bccclmeaware.
'o r t i . 2 0 0 4 ,4 3 7S C l l t z5\ 8 1 .
A . l v { .N o . t v l l - J - o . l1- . 5 6 3Scpternbe
.
'u
A . M . N o . I t ' t. t -o o -l o o t . N r l v e m b c rt3 , 200I,:t6ttscl tn -503
36
from any suspicion as to its faimess ancl impartiality, ancl also as to the
juclgc'sinte'grity.
decision on thc public pcrct-'ptionof the jtrdiciary and thc justice systern in the
A.l.Failttre to ttsc'clttotatic,rn
rnarks to indicate that the cntire paragraph
irr the bocly of the clecisit,rnon page 30 was not the ponenfe'soriginal
paragraPh, bttt was li[tec1verbatirn from Tanrs's work. TTreattribution
to Tatls is r.vholll. insr,rfficjent becatrse withotrt the qr_rotationmarks,
37
there is nothing to alert the rcader that the paragraph was liftec{
ver"batinr from Tanrs. The iootnote leaves the reader with the
inrprcssion that the saicl paragraph is the author's owtl ar-ralysisof ergn
0tl|nc.s.
-fanrs,
The " Sct' Irnforcing Obligatior-rs Ergn ontncs in
Internationarl Law (2005)" line in footnote 69 ttf the Virutyn decision
docs not cleariy irrclicatc that thc statemcnt on Sitnma's obscrrration
was liftcd clirectly from ll-ams's wor[<; it onll' directs the reader to
'fams's
work should thc reacler wish to rcad furthcr discussions on thc
nratter.
8.3 Failtrrc to usc quotation marks to indicate that the first sentence
in discursivc footnote rrtunber 77 was not thc ptonente'sidea, but was
lifted verbatim from Cridcllc & Fox-Dccent's work at page 334.
8.4 Failurc to use quotation marks to indicatc that the third sentence
in discursive footnote number 7'I was not the ponente'sidea, but was
Iiftecl from Criclcllc & Fox-Dccent's work at 334-335.
38
B.U Failurc to indicate that thc second c-liscu rsive setrtence of
but was lifted verbatirn from Pages
footnotc 7) was not the pctrtcnte's,
335-33(rof Criddlc and Fox-f]ccettt'swork.
8.16 Failure to indicatc that the choicc of citation and the discr-rrsive
thereon statcmcnt in the seconcl sc-.ntcnccof thc sccond paragraph of
39
disctrrsive footnote 77 was not tlre potwlte's, bttt r,t'i,slifted verbatim
from footnclte72 of Cricldle & Fox-Dccent'swork.
C.l to C.6 Irailtrre to usc quotation malks and tl're right citations to
indicate that half of the long discr-rrsivefootnotc 65, incluc{ing thc
sources citcd therein, was achlally compiisecl of the rearrangement,
arrc-lirr son-leparts, repl-rrasingof 1B sentence-sfound on pa€les227-228
of Mr. Ellis's work in CnscWcstt:ntLnru Rcsarut:
loru'nnlof Intenmtionnl
Lnru.
JusticeDel Castillo ancl/or his court personnel who irritially made the research
negligence on thc 1-rartof the ponente and/c'rrthe rescarcherbut not when sllch
justificd as inexcusablenegligence.
bcst of his ability thc cluties of the office or position entrusted to him and the
40
of the judiciary
f.r the law ancl implirccl public confidencein the ir rtcgrity
itself.
to utilizc
Truly, it is ngt cicnicclthat tirele is a neccssity fo' cvery Justice
isstte for the orderly
the serviccs of law clerks to researchon points of iaw art
not bc taken to
and so'nd adrninistratiorr of justice. Flowever, this should
over the
nlean as a cenrpletc' snrrencler of the control and sr-rpervision
tl-rese vcry
clecision-making process to the cclurt staff consider:ing that
the casesand
dccisions eve-ntuallybecome the Supreme Coltrt's judgment ou
his court
form part of the law of the la.c1. By failing to properly supervise
in a bad light,
staff, responclentDel castillo not only cast thc supreme Court
part of the
br-rtlikewise repre.hcnsiblyallorvcc1the flawcd clecisionto become
negiigence
country's jurisprucle.nce.Such failtrre corrstitutesiuexctrsablegross
4l
trse.f cc'rpiccw.rks and clicl
acknowlerlge the copying, lack.f attrib'tion and
can'le about ancl who were
nrt evcn inciicate how the lack of attribution
disciplir rarl proceedings
responsibletherefor. Irrsteadof i'itiatirrg the proper
against rris cotrrt staff wh' was liable for the plagiarism, respo.clent Del
that " there was every
Castillo even coverecl Llp hcr rnisclecds and statc'c1
2, secti,n 3 of the Judicial
intention to attribtrtc". This is a violatio^ of canon
or initiate aPpropriatc
Code of L.thics,which statesthat "[j]trtlges shotrki take
for trnprofessic-rnal
discipli^ary mcasures agai.st lawyers or c.r,rrt personncl
concluct of wl-richthc juclgc may havc bccome aware." It'stice Del Castillcl
rneasuresagainst the
has miserably failecl to takc the necessarydisciplinary
or
who lras voltrntarily arimitted her tregligence,excttsable
court personne-.I
for thc
not. To c1ate,such cotrrt pcrsonncl has no aclministrative sanctiotr
court personnt'l
.egligent acts,which can be a signal that similar acts by other
of duty detract
may be toleratercleven if the slightest ir:rcgularity or breach
jtrcliciary'
from tle dignity of the courts ancl erode thc conficlenccin thc
42
to the strpreme c.'rt,
aclrlrerssccr dated 23 July 2010,Dr'
In a re,tter2r
Mark Ellisstates:
''fauts,
"My l-laltte is Cl-rristian J. anel I alll a prtlfessor of intemational
to )/ou i n rel ati on t o
l a w a t t h c U n i versi ty of Gl asgow . I am w ri ti ng
accessed
Lil/t,etiql:.t.r-llej:ulril-q:q!-lbe-rl$-ilpileLtupr-ei'-q{oqrLlrllis,
on l3 l )c c c rrtl " 2
rc0r1 0 .
)jl,riut'pu'',quirjr.rld2()\{li!7l|!)lw!qL1-4t-l'tt[a!:lgly:lliitgirlilrl:rl.rgLge-bq..dcl:r!.s:pbllrppuE
accesscd 2010'
rln l3 l)ccenrl'rer
.iUflrqql
tt qL1'1'
lastaccesscd on l3 I)ccctnber2010'
l-r{p:liwryrn rgril:(l.co!tr/!i(u/313i052{Liutf:y.qllql''lA:lqprgrrie-(
43
the abovt:-nrentioned jtrdgment
the trse of one of my publications in
of your I-{otrottlableCourt'
I am at a loss to see
With due respect t0 yollr Honourablc Coltrt,
to support - as it seemingly
|ow my work shor,rltlhave Lrecncitecl
I am concerned at the
has - the opposite approach. More generallf,
judgment has drawn on
way in which yoLlr 1{ououralrle Coult's
it'"
scholarly work without properly ackuowledging
tlneponente.
44
ttttisting the true intents of
IrtsticeDel Cnstittobetrorlerlpublic tntst when, in
the sotrces,he mislerl the othcr mernbersof the HonornbleSuTtrelne Court.
authored, for publication in a journal, ior cxample, the nature of his offense
wl1ethcr he is a member clf tl-reStrprrcnreCourt or nttt, btrt its cffects would not
Virruya dccisic-rn.
for 6inrsell hc was writing for the SuprrerneCottrt. He was not writing an
t6e Supremc Court, and, not jtrst throtrgh one of its divisions, but through the
Court en bnnc.
purposes contrary tcl the intenclecl positions of the original authors, he haci
nrislecl tfic otirer membcrs of the Cotrrt whcl hacl concurred with the ytonencin
(R.A. B7g2), and trndetr the Strpremc Court's own circtrlar on the Contputer
.t(
-IJ
thror-rgh r-l() lt ss than thc Suprcmc Cottrt's websitc which, applying thc
property laws for each anc-levcry singlc doy that thc plagiarizecldccisjon is
The fact that the Strpreme Cotrrt issnccl a Decision which found that
affected thc irrtcgritv and cclmpetelrccof the Supreme Cclurt and its sitting
jr,rsticcs. T'hc intcrnatiorral legal contrntrnity has also expresscd its disdain
over respondent's betrayal ilf ptrblic trtrst through clifferent fora, fronted by
no other than the pectplc whose works wcre not given the proper attribution
JtrsticeDcl Castillo has brought infarny not only to hin'rself,but also tct
his colleagllesin the StrprremeCourt, in the jucliciary, and the lcgal professiott,
46
Larvyers arc bouncl trncler Canon 10 of the Cocie of Profcssional
Cgtrrt; n6r s6all he rnisleacl,or allow the Cotrrt trt be mislt:d Lry any artifice."
causcclthe Court to bc misle-rl,it was one of its membcrs who was given the
of the Court.
very important task of writing Lheclc'cisiotr
His
lustice Del Cnstitlo's ncts hnue renderedhim unfit to corttimrefu office.
corrtitttterlseruice ruill prejudice the 7nfulic interest utd ruill bring tlrc entire
Supreme.Court nnd the country's jttstice system h'fto disrepute.
pr-rsition will sr.ncl a tri-rclsignal tcl our uation, cspe''ciallyor-lr youth, that
Castillo was appointecl tct onc of the highest positions in the judiciary and
thus, thc'rc-is no reas()nwhy his scrvicc to thc ptrbiic should be allrlwed tcl fall
the justicc system oi the country ancl in so doitrg, betrayecl the public trust.
Iirtr, how can we expcct the Snprernc Cottrt tcl r-rpholclthe law and render
tl 7
--t I
lack of profcssional compctcnce to decirlc t]re cases brotrght before the
Supreme Cotrrt?
1791202r
, tht: StrprerneCourt helcjthat:
"the act of Justice Reyes not only violated the New Code of
]udicial
Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary,the Code of JuclicialConduct and the
Canonsof Judicial Ethics,it also infringed on the internal deliberationsof
the Court and impeded and degradedthe administrationof justice. The act
is renderedall tl'remore perniciousconsideringthat it was committec{by no
Iess than a justice of the Supreme Court who was supposed to serve as
example to the bench and bar.,,
f.hosc- words mltst apply rvith eqtral forcc to this present casc of
Justice
Mariano C. Del Castillo.
-"
A.M. No. ()c)-2-
l9-SC. l.'ebnrarl,2-{.2(X)9
48
PRAYER
r
,'l//'
tr:Lt,-7*, ?4*,/
ISABELITAC. VINUYA PILAR Q. CALANC
rltnf
vtv tt \.
MAXIMA R. DE LA CRUZ LEONOR H. SUMAWANC
)i
^1ft;;
d;:;':::^*l-'"
49
FION. REYNALDO V. UMALI . HERRERA-DY
VICTORG. EJERCITO
Fror{.JOSEPH CESARV. SARMIENTO
LO
50
VERIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
AGAINST FORUM SHOPPING
We, the undersigned concerned Filipino citizens and taxpayers,of legal age,
residentsof Mapaniqui,Cfudr,tVn
and members of the Malaya Lolas, an organizition of
Filipino Comfort Women who suffered unspeakablehorrors in the hands of the Japanese
Imperial Army during World War II, after having been sworn in accordancewith liw, do
herebystatethat:
1. We are Complainantsin this case;
3. we have read its contents and affirm that they are true of our
own knowledge and belief on the basis of our reading and
appreciation of documents and other records pertinent
thereto.;
Name Signature ID
IsabelitaC. Vinuya Senior Citizen's ID No. 226
dateissued7l3ll07
PilarQ, Galang
?flilt SeniorCitizen'sID No.
0881 dateissuedl19106
Doc.No. *'ll
(fT-
PageNo. f?
BookNo. .4
tt- ,/ \.
Altnn do]-fs r. r6hurznnnr-
Seriesof zoro N O ' i , -R / D U B L I C
UNTi'-1::,:!:V3ER jf 20tO
l90L{ ArJ; ;:'_ :': ?D,.'r:r'{TE(E\TEF
\/'X'-1'. j : i f''l'-\.r^
ATf CIT'I
R C ! ^ ' -N ' l I r i C f l
Republic of the Philippines )
Quezon City ) s.s.
VERIFICATION
I, RrvNr,ri r v. triilALl
, of legal &ge, Filipino, rn'ith address at
e i u P { i 4 i r r : i l , f C f -[ t i i r . ' f t i l i r i r - r iil" ',
after having been duly s\ /orn
, [ l f ; 4r u < i . r _ 1 ' , r ' - i (. ri r
in accordance rn'ith la\A',do hereby certify and state that I am a Complainant
in the foregoing Impeachment Complaint.
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same, and that the allegations
contained therein are true and correct based on my personal knou'ledg.
and f or on authentic documents and other available records.
, Affiant
/r7y'
SUBSCRIBEDAND SWORN to before me this _day of December 2OIO at
Quezon City, Philippines.
&ry^-
MARILYNts. BARUlr-YAP
Secretary General
Republicof the Philippines )
Quezon City l s.s.
VERIFICATION
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same, and that the allegations
contained therein are true and corre ct based on my personal knowledge
and f or on authentic documents and other available records.
/*Tt
SUBSCRIBEDAND SWORN to before me this dav of December 2OIO at
Quezon City, Philippines.
& ry,
BARLI/A-YAP
Secretary General
Republic of the Philippines )
Quezon City ) s.s.
VERIFICATION
T
L, CHnKY. 6f\rnttrNrt , of 1egal age, Filipino, with address at
after having been duly sworn
in accordance rn'ith law, do hereby certify and state that I am a Complainant
in the foregoing Impeachment Complaint.
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same, and that the allegations
contained therein are true and correct based on my personal knowledge
and f or on authentic documents and other available records.
Affiant
VERIFICATION
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same , and that the allegations
contained therein are true and correct based on my personal knowledge
and f or on authentic documents and other available records.
i
// ) ,,"
F ',11**
Affiant
VERIFICATION
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same, and that the allegations
contained therein are true and correct based on my personal knorn'ledge
and f or on authentic documents and other available records.
I
'/^r-e i*f
YNE.
MARILYN BARLN_?np
B. B
Secretary General
Republic of the Phitippines )
Quezon City ) s.s.
VERIFICATION
r I(.
I , VITFNTEF. BELTvioNTF , of legal ?Be, Filipino, v,'ith address at
M l0 after having been cluly sworn
in accordance rn'ith law, do hereby certify and state that I am a Complainant
in the foregoing Impeachment Complaint.
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same, and that the allegations
contained therein are true and correct based on my personal knowledge
and f or on authentic documents and other available records.
Affiant
)
M,A M#"w*
ARILYNE. B
Secretary General
Republic of the Philippines )
Quezon City ) s.s.
VERIFICATION
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same, and that the allegations
contained therein are true and correct based on my personal knorn'ledge
and f or on authentic documents and other available records.
/
J-t'/t- a7r/
YN A. BAR{IA-YAP
Secretary General
Republic of the Philippines )
Quezon City l s.s.
VERIFICATION
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same, and that the allegations
contained the rein are true and correct based on my personal knou'ledge
and f or on authentic documents and other available records.
/vfl
SUBSCRIBEDAND SWORN to before me this' ' day of December 2OIO at
Quezon City, Philippines.
t/
lt ^ -l
/lt^44-4-<+- (/ A+t--
MARTLYNw. BART/A-YAp
Secretary General
Republic of the Philippines )
Quezon City ) s.s.
VERIFICATION
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same, and that the allegations
contained therein are true and correct based on my personal knorn'ledge
and f or on authentic documents and other available records.
(._.(s
/ L/
'
/t / /' ,'
Affiant
Mfu,
Secretary General
Republic of the Philippines )
Quezon City ) s.s.
VERIFICATION
I , RRLTNE"1q41q1
"J, B hG- ho , of legal a1e, Filipino, rn'ith address at
g, after having been duly sworn
in accordance with laur, do hereby certify and state that I am a Complainant
in the foregoing Impeachment Complaint.
I hereby further attest that I have caused the preparation of the foregoing
Impeachment Complaint, that I have read the same, and that the allegations
contained therein are true and correct based on my personal knou'ledge
and f or on authentic documents and other avaiiabie records.
)1
hr^ut'/ C n)"{'
MARILYNts. BARI/A_YAP
Secretary General