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 SPERMATOGENESIS DAN
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\Kr ip. an bnpon.n runs ta ihdt.li dulannya)

Dr. drh. Muslim Akmal, M.P.

SYIAH KTJALA UNIVIJRSIl'Y PRIISS

Jln. lgk. Clhik Pentc Kulu No. 1
Darussalam - Banda Acch.23l I I
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ltlunli[ r !i,L rrrllrr]r\ ,! b
(s p li./ r/ 100!) ltt, tr.trl.blhildrlrLr.\n.1r'li'\"1
r),/.,,\ i( t sl'lrr ,!bc{e i p.d r:,r) il ..15, ti., nr -r. r!
,alJ| d dlai'],
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' f.(ilh!pr'rrJrr:PoI$ I

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'll I bdl].Ll, r
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rr. r: Jr Nn.l
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ru c ir trr ndu llr rrr I L P'\l ir' lrrtLi i, i lldr \' L il, f l:ir'.:
L

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]lr1)1)i Lri Ji rr
nd':rr rq l'\( '\P Ju'qri r ir-
 .nb' .rt 1' e' _l Jd \
: :rnr 1. 2 dan I nl sclamr 1l hari benun!fu i bcrpotensi

-- :i,/ 2015) S.lai irl kaniiu!. iiengukur [onscihs]te*oieron

: sipiifikrn alihrt pe'rherian cksrml epididin,i{
meningkar secan
-: 1 11 u011). Kami menJu!. hrh\a pcninBk'hn honsenhj
:-:i r.Rchd emr kxrarnya densrr rlsi PAC Pl.ng terkandmg ni
: -rdkefididinis Halr.rchurdidtrkmgolehhrsilPdi.litiaf 16\\rr.
b$sa PA(]AP beDer.n Denting daltn
Lii ( oir!'cno\t elselLe!di!. nukitun nEkrniiic
didalam
r'- ;FL.kulrr t.hadrp hrl tbc6r' hclunr (ami ldlhol $cri lr{i
L i- I'ACAI,jr-n iucgulari cksl)rcsi -!cn ni dilan s sel gcnni'rl
. i1. 1995).dai i,efnraldkai.AMPdid.La sel seLSctuli (HcLndd

-rro0scbhcri krntrrscniHorn'onrltnr

:: r drri65 trhun Jilcrahtribxhnf P.nbsrn Gnoi.roi secara (ro n \

.\'p I'tn .lio" Ft\ oro
-: :.rtu Lonhs.rsiadrlalr dcr3rr.!rr nreneL.n sekresi Lli d ' FsH
.. rijr nntriir.i RenJrlrilx level t.H dai lsll menycbabkar
.-riiptrar resis m.nni'nLn'si sisnal sig .l l'trg dibtrtrLlrlti tr fk
- : lri sncrnriogen.sn sehinggr mcrldbrhkan penmni .iDnah
:n irlenilirrs p . llharyakrn prl (Ano!- .t ./, 1006) ih^
-,!an brhM pcrbtrim iunssrl n.trlebrbh.
:r
pcrcka@, pnrdtrksi spenn! |Dda sejLmhl' P.i.. *danglirn
::i p,grrr:., rbu lo,etd\Vi,trelu:rts tr,1t 't IGIRH)
- v dr,grn tdodetun rlnrtda dapar mcnck 0ntrihrl lonadotopii
itilir.ainrrsebagai l dar konrmsepsi pria!3ngete[rillAn'!r] a

-:rh spemu yrne d oj trlrrikan pada pia io.Ml a$lah sck lar 2u
'' '4 I'i.\ o.' "
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' !:, .:,,

..-,,,,":""',,;;'.
 r-:l lamasi telah mencoba menq.mbansbn lontislpsl
me-rind'l it ,d ri lilJ t JuLtr.
:-is rpemaiogenesis '
dan ,rrd tdnular kio!.an! lIIr)
i : Lsg'j). ren+unaan ieioieron sebaj:di .gci kont.slpsi
:-:cn mruk mcrallu
r-:ii misis teBebd *suri den$n .plil6i pcnc itirn
prir ,rg yrns masih mcnyiekan soiun,tar, n$alni
-j3p
< .: prialanptenibrrdaLam F.cobrrn pcnrlmdn kort.sros
t--\r,p{ drn ridal mempcrliharkan kol(hi\(n ' td$J'p
.-:ia Kebanlalan pia te$bur mempuny.i llvcl d.rt.
:: iimrl dr. iulr prcdtrl,sispcn
r-roneron r-ms berbcda diauilkai utrtuk meDbmdingkrn
-,1\3(C.oyNcf/d/..2013)

-:. :-.): Lrdtdnrd! ltr) nrrupakrn .antai eier ydrg plrjm!

-r: .,.,) rangdrpat Jibcikan socm oaLd do,s,i iij.Lsimuk
i--:::i (coen d r/. 1975). P.da kondni detisieisi te{o{emn.
j=r ll. da'r'r nd'j4r iNd scrun t{o{mn n,cnjrd no.mar
- - -,ne-{ (Behre./,/. 1999) rercobran daLam sl]la kecildcngm
- iar ijeksi l! prda pla fo.ma unruk peneembangan lonhsepsi
::- : :l!la. di chinr (zhrnq.r d1. 1999) dan dtra pc.cob,rn scn,p.
.-: I llLlln di]{mm (Krmi$hle././..::000).
'.= rii ral Ji China, so um.h ru[rM din'i$si sdilo brl ' Tl]
!: ::r; )00 ng auu 1000 ng. ll.silr!a nicnmjukkan bah*r
.-.- r t..irdi |j'da lL drri 12 pia padr kcloD|mk pcn'bc'iri s{ro n'3
nq menrebabkatr rerirdinvr zoosDemia secrr
r- L: pra reFebut. Pcrcltian !ri', n,eLihatkan r03 prir china )rng
i-- {iap bulan dengrn 500 ms rL lerelah pembeiD dosis 1000 ms
, J/. 1001) Hasi! penelniD Etrebur menunjukkan rerjadinra
:.-ia p3&41% p.ir, drn han)r9 orrng (l%))msmcmpunyaij[mLah
i: ii.ras I idJml. Seamr l2 b,'hn penelirim rerseb(1. Gnihal se[irar
z!r'i pArtrgrn hrrJr miss! atd' inlet\i lLr sebrlai saru n
konhfpsi r)rram rc rpd sctih 6 ofun!
,," ",t, p, b. \, o -r
l.rirnihn pxdr pxsaneannF
trdru,j(rlo \crirr 96.7% ca.tNilrs rr; rhaqxi ko h{ps p.d:
chi"' ( \Dnr .r d/.1006)
P.i.Li' , n{li prir Jcnrrn n.Dtrtr Lklrr bxh\r ijelsi r(r Ll:
dos( 1000 i,! iic )cbrbl.n 3dxri 14 rramnlaan r..spcm anr,
6 orxng prir rslcblr m.i!
lNnnx di [a\.h ] jdt'/ml. Hasil pene ir,:
(.r)rmpr lm brrr\a ncnb ntr r'lr \cbxgi r. ixq,\i {rllr,rt:
! !l'i p i prit A:]rr ibxDdin.{dergxi prir iotr ('\mo!. rr!/ r!
^rir
rl.ril p.n!l i r n,enL rrLLlrn bah*r ,jclri lL. schasri rort:.
).v,1,r11. Jrn.LltLil pkla !.bx-!i,,
pri.. lLrn rdrpL. lilk mcnuntL'lillr bal,ru selitu l% p.ir srhrl
TF. rdal menunjLL[1 pcitrM.(juinai sF]mdihx\th I r{(tnL.:
nriard*hutbp lntil. hrlclsiTF rs lar. drl)rr nrenlebxbl,rr.lel r
\cprdi ps i',-eLxhf bent h rn. rcduksi li% \o\nr! lcniri
nrN\$N \\in $Ns \o\is!c!d hilh d0rir lipofr lil $\D\ I r$!

'.'.,'"'.'''''','
rniqrtr ir l dN {fur.. seLlii ntr Nnberirr rc{'{ero fr trl

lrkan r'!l
- '.i,*r r""**-r cnbeikrn rrr\iLlang
'n'f

P tmt Truslkmnt T^r\ttrt.

IAr,v.,,,.rrtr- dilnn.bi unrLl |rc rgohmn ldrlsihf

l
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pxdr L

,h,o.nm d htr\iri r. ur'r )irr r r)u \ r! rr | (Br!h.r rl

q L'' i'!i jtr ) r! tLn!
:] pfli q!tr ]]D ldl./l
r

- t rtullru l!,)!!rtJt
r:dr fri |[d: nLhjrl |qreiLin du rlri (rr nhj.r
.ILl| d r|BkrrntrLrssdtrd 11 rirnicrrr [!r rtih!
) PtrJr Ni! irni
- r:n$ rnirhrn. rx(i,nvr./., l00l)
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Ibr"

(/ l1)0r) srl n rh
pir ir dD& d.rrf :a !. k.rb
, rii,,rili | &r!rn i.nsrr r"!.1r{r,
::Ih :qbifi i (^tr o.r I r/. r0061

ii i,1, i,!rd:rr,, rch I rrtrrl

. rlu, h,,!r r!'irx5$!i
ni![ n,v,{.,.,! ld,rtrr. ( l.)
dtrr
rr. ,.D.rnirr r! L,'nr ikrbdLrr
.i! dhi.k\ir.ri r(r0 i r.r r icrirp rii,!!L i.Lrrr irrlrx \rr.r 6
rs\ctrr 0.nn Ltllr hrLr\r 6iiri Jrr
.d. rdr r h"rr sddrr

pulLinxr L rh lrnn.L rr f!! rr,us ,rm I rLrr'n

Sr ri rvr lim ritt il! i,. rlLltu u .ibrr''ndin { tsr
ruhxdrp
n.rqxLrn, .riosrlFnitr Jrn-el nasrnlr n\i
rlLmr elclrnnr5 pcD!!trn. Ta r.hchd llrili)r m$trrlr Nn l^
r,trrJxiL lrMn hi u1-!(crr lrdl pasrn.{rn Lr\cbn s'hi"qgr pcrr
irnriDPL Lrr h$Br eleLlivtrs L slba{ri lo {rsi rrr
lc,s.btrL
pir &l!!$ selitu 99Ii lr\tr or\ d J.1006)
Plll3 p!f. lil] kedrr' $lLO ss ilnrx rcld'Lttf Nr-!t'i i kr
ldilih\ r.ir )riq ndsl' ncng.rn r/o.:lrnir drn oLigv'osr
(lp..ni r.Ltur-1 drri jj ldrrn)rrib i$rrs LF'Lcr3rrn"1
\dirr n,inlsu l$lL() lqlr p'ir r'Nlrr
t.ncLirl L r.,shd s.htr $ 1l%i n{r!
'rarg
.Ligozo.\rre I Jrr tdrr redrrr l' niLl]

j crl
n.iqtrLxDi ruunnrn lmlrh 'Nm dr b\rh ] . trftrn']
, f3:. N r.l rrili 0 00 lrir3lhh r

,1.r% S.lr , I suNn lrhjeL Potlitirr ni'iqi ri I oduls :

rofl LL Lcnbrl J 6 hslr \ddrr I ri.uir. rra iqe[i rl' t'b!l ]

Pttt'r t Xnnhh! iTtnoita,t tan ht*tiuo

rr!!su!$ dil.hhLitr'rmrl nrcfl]rnbd srricliF{r

Kd rr
!lrr, lcL.rrr ttuirr. rkr 5!i,mrl.[ prt]g.n.-ur 'crh dir'd'f
uauk ncii,rqr.r(u rlil l.dtr.piidl:
n.nn'$il.r !ornl,nr.Pf 1l.mlrii.\i ru{hul d hr':r
t,enclxirtr
)r',r dLbuul'l3 Lrtul rlckr i
lo s.nri Lcrdrpd i,dtr rr pntsn b.hrr r':.no!.ni+i rr'i
lrtrlnL,g unbc,i[ .tiL pcng ] nhlaf tllx f.nr L'
'!'f$r
0i: re]i .l
Pidtrh hdhmr nencnrl.r idxn)x 'leL PUr:
s|tmdosuu r rribxr p.mbcnn 1,n.i.tt!n'n i'i\t!n'|! (L1
l(ro5) sxn' LdctrL,LliN rr bd ronlrd ' lnis$trlqr nxdr Pi! 1'
 .ablri rcrirdnya sejumk[ clak inpiog sepc pcningkrlan b al
. pc-|, '1r o ! I l " l'\mo\ J'0'ri
:riil porLiilan hrr\a pen.a-qmatr [o'nhinai TE dan
'ncfunjLLllai
j ,,rr,,*.!,,,? ,?/drc dl'pd nenlnnlLrks ierjadinlr ir Fdr
'oospcn
. j, rtrbiek pcoelilirn d sebrliri b*ar !ai'n!a mciS'lani
:i|]ernia (Fodtrhy a/ d., l9?2) Akan krrpi s.vaDgnvr rrikrnnr\
r.j;idxri IcNcb adalah ltm]h lareil masih
kombnrasi [edur hahrn
. emol' p!tr:'n\-3 dl hm l' 'i r'
"l"
' irparlcr.tld Lrrcia iunhh sl).rDr di br$al l0 jd'/ml (Amory?r'l

.: , ri, pendnilr ini r.ah ni.n*nkuskai feneliri.i tnlaf3

:a3n bahar.i,Lb basn pms.rogdr ]ait' rro,,rr.gr,"/ P'nherin
-
clul yan! luat bilr diuddi'rlkan dcigan pcmbdir I lrc'ar
,LLan
i drhh i,enginJuksi azoospcnnir d.lx Naltr' 6 bulrtr (67%
r 3r% tt luiggal) Prr r_rng mcigrlmi ncfurunrn iNnlrh
. \dnie dri I i rn,l pad.lio'nbinx! lli dan 131r,,ry.r,-r 'in'h
,.jrnqkrn pcnb.,in lE \.trm tdlgrl han)'3 6 "r' (,\morJ ' dr'

:\rmcnu',iukhn bJrsr kombinAi lE dd /.!,1,-q.n'?/ lcnrr-ib

rihrtLrn eEk soiping hru0a terj n'ra peninllthi be'ai badrn
--_rtudar loL.rcnn llDl- hih dibdliis D.Dhcrirn lF tcara rlr33rl'
'-1r !.Dws.!121 dahn dosls .cfdrh tcmvara ilLgr cttlil
'i rLi rzoospdDia. sdaigkan p.mhdim ht,,,,n v l pnh dosk
::par m.ni',i'nrlisa\ Nrlnsllrai berd bahtr dan pcd unm
Htrl (AMNaLir/d/, 1999)
. -bn\ts tonnory^id it llotdaD 1000 g llr seri|p 3 n'inlgtr
._:t!lrr icrjadlr)a roospc i. l[da 90% Cadr prir l:hinr dim r
, i bl.l menlrLUii pcnui,LniijtrnLah srsm di brNdh I iut,tm ((nri
:: lr Ko bin6irer*butsl irii sedtrgic.trsdilclir claliiin]udrl'
r.n.JiCbitu (Ai,o!- .r ,/., 2006)
. -binasl&r,idtll (ho ul p.ogenogci rrDgl:nnrLtrsnf lt inj.ks
(400 ng sclial ll min:!u) temlafu drl[r
netrgiahL:i a^rspci,iir {ktr 80 90",1' prlh poprla! D.r ro
(Ki'm htr.-qlr rr d/. 2001) /ir,DA?r,?/ (b.ntr'l xllil nrh6o
,?l"sdr?/)relrh dllurbii[sil'a' dcr-srD r.v,!(,,,r Ata dr] kvo
(tu.,o(!,fll)) *ct. Ln.l\ii, rriusku xr dcigN inlcrlil l dau 6 '
den-! , nclihrll.tr lll ! iS nbjcl penrlirirr Hrsil peDrlir'rr I
ddMjukla] L{Lldir\r p.imntr junhr sNmt lLid*x rtrdlg

dr'bn P o D' n I li n
rinlgu Jrn hrn)r m.nrruli[tkll] dil sNl)Lrs lds *diri' (A'no'

l!trsIpcielrirr irnriuklxr hrllu konrhi' si rdxa'v'?/

\rnr: .,N. trsn't Tttt t\.lkaL Jt g!3n!lrr
d,.,rchibkan rcr rltrra rzoosEmri! l[dr l0 dx'i ll x'
l.lp itnsrlniipenu( juml.lr spcnl kui:n!dJli IjLtra 'l\'
minlg! (Andrlf.r,r.l00l) rr iLL$ ridr' diruiukrn 'drnvr Ps
vrrqrilf fila' kolcr{.1 !lDL (^nDD./dr
:006)
I
l lAil potlit xn ld'r ouiiukkrn b$sa
L'mblnrsi
"rtd{'J
lD \ccarx nij.Lsi it NxlLrlxi s'(i4 't 6 nri lsL nrurlchrbrir
n

dri'nrrtilkrnnk s. tri,, nL ko'nbnr.s ,'//,lruri J'rr:r'

nu ul rd[& .rilL rnr vms hrrlr iclcrgt'li ik d hMd fg r'!
,;u | tr, FL,*t pLLsr NEliri. di l,ropl (d rr" 1006)
(dihLrasl .u,,rr!,( drra (hrhri rog'ro|r'r
^mo!_
r irndtueenil) JN relo$.tr lcfi)rra bvNreDsi tlikembriqLrl
lo '.s!p;i pn3 LLI tri arri.idrogcrLl

,.{n dxn i,.mn,brl, Nnshrnrl[rri prrscnog! Lkn]r r{lndrp stL

drn 111 dl.[ l.lc i$ Pirtrihr
dilomb,ias l.3n d.rq]r l(l0 9 lF sclirp m fgsu nrur$brblri I
uo0{onir. nanun
rzoosD mir Pdtr tlr drri i P (Neriglolx d
'/ l9s6) \\'
 ' . \rr uruk nengindtrLsi uoos|eDi3 rnLr.r L! on,pol i/!,(2,,.
: : \1.roi \ecrn tnggaLtda al' lt,9ll l,ari( \mot d!1..1006)
- nb ra;i 47,r,r.,?,. dcn!.i Tlr re. a orrl )4,! dihdira l krLi
r -:nlebrblrn lciirlu)r r. ckrMrjumbh spem. di baNrh I itr',
tr. |' br\ D !li' n'' '
-.-: .alrdan6jLksruidi,l AkaD tetap I sr] anlri I-a. qP,r./,,r rldrk
j: : Idr ritrn,Lar regm rlnnan Aftrilr Scrild (Nlcrissn,lr Pr /,
. -iimsi D.mberirn l000neTl;denqrn200nq,o/r&,/,1sctrp
' -:- ftnyebablen trj i"ta x/..rpcD a prdr ll dfi I pria {Lbjel
',-. dehh il miggtr fsscr pembsian. lc[pL. ko'nbinrs]
l ^l&
nlnrcbrbl r pr cka rf lll)1. drn pcnniglarxf herr brdrn ) ,!
i m :cke d,r, 2001) Kon,binAl pcmhsia l lr drn,otlrAtr,,r
1- - \a,s,lilDilrr dcnsrn ime a 3 i fslu nenlebrbhn Lrj3,li,')r
.- 11irisolil(Nlericgnrh./d/.2005)
- p .LitLrn n,enunjuum bxhsr ].mbitusl pc hc'itrr
J-rng d itcl\ib, sc.rra intrmusl,rLar {a 4r ll
: ,:nJrn pemberian /r!,vrn,r rtlltl s.tth
1 - .r, prir (qiy.hrl)k crjad n! psddd lDirl' spcma
, ^uitulir
.dddlCrdr 5l dari5i p.ir. P i |ru,clrim L,. rdrk dr.rntrL.n
r ':rri L hirlqr ll btr ar [N cfckirhh]i reNebut (Antur_ d nr.
::,r lo binrri lL Jcr-lri dosn 1000 rg !.rirp 3 mirsgD JM

K.rbimsi rcrebn dirlicobr[m s!!!m trs Fdr

:. lh tr ,\ki rerDi. lelen,rhar dri '1,/{ r/,*Jt1,,r. rda ah
snemtrogencsis dai sldikittrYa {bel }an!
o{bri[an i,'nn!] spcflr. {an' 1rl.l00Jl
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i.L.Lr1 ,,r!{!,,.rqnr
rln. liltrr i![.\tr .r:% *t]ri l0 riiilt psrx rcllrprdr irn (r(! rJ
l(roj) Aru l.lxP diLqilnlrf xiulr r
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fr\r l
Ltl: orgai nr'
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L

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"",,,,*,.,'
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,.,/r(br ,rt '/ drri nur)chLrrrr l'\'L ]/(nru

]rqdh, trnonrd'! t'hrco rtld..ri't Alttt:ht!Ihn'u t 1r't4r i

tr 4lrl'\u tnt\\rt. rtl['!' ]ri('rr (GrRll) r!

,r.;.,, ,.',,,,,.,,," rLnrfinL 0r r''sr kDrF

(i,,tri ,',,,,I!1** rd,r rrr l
'rirdi Pr

l'l )nd r{i!rri'^l,\rnorr rdl 11

(rr slrr il.l\i nblLfttr !uqr hfi r : LLiL' riritri" rl'

l.nonqo, ncnlcllLrlu r.r r.l r\
. rr rirq! lnrlr rcnhciir Lr'rlN '/ "/ '
i-*,." u- rr," \,r(;/ir ,(r!k n. L,LrrLr rrb'dur 'r:
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i,bjlLt,rr rii (\r.n L,fi r/ dr Leqs)

 :lli/l,?/^(,rRll|,,]!-l^^jdJl

r (emr) nhier r!n.lir ri. rrDnf hrt rF.b( hdrr drpal d rll
:r I i{ntr r.r?r.rir I renjth ltr lcfjcbr Mgli,r djlrbrbLxr
,!,1!a,'nrul ritl.t bnr r irtuD tnj nurjiLi r{r..{er rr :l
frrrg drfunr y'a,ridlr (lmpar ltit) fn.tamf rt.eri
. r rudtrtctrr x' ti rr1tr (Aio4d!/.1006)
,t,,,,.,,ita....
.:: \ebrh(Ir,tk,r ctett tlb,![rDri .q.Dxdo!qri,, !r]rm p.rnrdr
l,rDe ./ r/ t00L) trtr,nm n.r,h!.trn bxrrn ir r.p.tr
lnll a)jot pert]i r poDb!.irD crRH
in .h l, (t.n I iin$r \drtrrr
rillrl :..h y'btrr rxDnr (qn,nilLklrr eln| \m pf! rr,!
[ir ricmbnatr,(1/,. ].rj! drt.mh i,trrtri
: M) n\. r.!\rtt s.trft o.rl rdrl
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..rr tr pcnh..irn trlrif(;jRH r,rr€,,rilr.rrr oitLmnru
J!
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i.ld r, l:li .xl
1rr3,1 rJ D.r..!rl,r, L. Lndrp!p.

n,-qri r, trrditr,r (/(17,d, r/ri

Lliq,rllrr dx, n!mnlr itrN dri ri { dr,!nl'i,, ntr,l ,
irr irl hrlLL,,!i, Jfri"i\ir\ qirni\i\

rr r-1 Lrnr:i \.hrrL

[i.r lni \n], Jurn J*tr

!rrr!irhnr! !! rnn -!r,Jr 1dr

Dx \ lttrt tj ti hr rt t ! j. d. itt)
r rrlk dr i urr trr r,l$l\rLl,Ll
n i"rn nl ,fil1.r Ll tl,.i
 1,$,/r,s meliul homon hormon yanedircFsk,tr orch kcrc{drk.tcnj.r
endokrii yanS mem4uki dn.n d.nh da' diba$a tie set set la.cd ya'g
j.uh )an! mcmpunlai rcsepror ymg berikaran deneai honnoi spcsirik.

Prorein !an! mensbralisis suaru reaksi kimir spesiiik

F.s (Fs r.otcin. ! s dath nccptor)

Rcscp{or lcmalirn tansmembnn rang Dengirkisi apoptun ketir ia
boikdai dcnran risrtrd (ra\ tielid)cknrd$h,timF.

Ii$ianhm can,erjanhndan bd ir a (d imam keduaduaiya haplold)lntuk

mcmbcnt'k lisol diploid, yin! komtrJian bcrkcmbang membenluk sraru

Stu dari ripcsclym! mcngelilingi oo$tah! selreLuryang se&ng

rom rtru mo ektrl yrns seca.a eknrim rcakifdimm! mcrckr mcDpunyri

paling kunrg sru elekroi y$g ri&k b$pas.ne.n. Ridikrl beb.s
6onang€ung jarrblcrhrdap banrak kejadian keru\alcn DNA intnselular

Sel haplo,d yang sudah bcGpcsialissi (spemr rtau sel teLur) yans
dibonruk dari scLscl scminal prin..did denear cam ncios( dan
n,cns.ratr,i spcsiirh,si unruk rcDr)dtrtsi seksurl

surru se )rns terdapal didalamserm incdarsurr o+misnc. rcnnanrt

dianu.rlva adahh eaN! hiploid drn sel sel p.ekunor diploid spcsirik
Scl -l .mindl b.'lontr bu.i e "det rnbe I lJ

seiuml* pnieir dengan etu arau Lcbih RnrJ o igosl:r dr Fn! sccfll
lora or bcdubursdi dtiel ftnrd siri asam ami'm. seiunlah pd.in
, url,,r, p ilfi ,urpx ! r,rr.L.irl

nxn'^ l! tLr rn p.,\;,\,, rlr I di,no tluL ni 1:'

.rll I i!.(- 'ir Lr Putrh. trll r

r\,'r L!inLi,,\rr N!in D\-\

qiD .h l.,ru,L P rLri,

aLtnrlnn r!\rtrn l)\ \ !
'
,,ri rri rr{, u(r drl

s ri nrrl,'l\n,i dn!|fu. r !..,lLtr i.lr 'l l

r rr !1rtr, \r,:.ctr,ldiri hisr n!nh}\ ,)i f.r.

R,tru dx rc b,m nLr'rr

r.6crr fr L r,f(ri,!nf.l,,lr,,i,tr lrr! b.nL,d r

 satu hhap replikasi DNA Dcngn d.m ilih. ptus.s me ios is ncmproduksi
scl.scl hagloid menjadi r.l diploid

Shdiun mitolk dlmana liromosom densan kuai didorong unt'k

mengahmi kumDaran nnosis pada bar:ian ckuaronya.

rembelahrn inri $l da.i scl ctrkarior ydnB mullbdk.r l.ndcnsasi DNA

nicnjddi knnoso'n ym8 tampak dm pcmiel,an kromosom yrns sudah
ncngnhmi duplikdi untuk membenrukdur *t kromosom t.ng idcilik

Sel tclur yans scdais bclkcnb{ig sdb.lln ir ncngllan,i pcmbcl,l,an

Pembenrukrn dn pcmaknsin ssirdi d.la'n ovdiu'n

Pclcp.s ebuah sel relur dari ov'rium.

Oryd.live Dhosphoryl,tion
Ptu$s drhm b*hrir drn miiokondria dim pembenrukan A-ll' r
didor.nc oleh tansfEr clckron msl.lui ranhi lFnspor cLeklrcn nenildi

Komunikdi anh sel-scl dalam s.llu singkar molalui sokEsi sintal

nolekul lri dhekihmya
g bemks i padr sel sel

Poli'ncr pendek dari asm asam rmino.

L)Lr bLfi r.:. xixr rrr! rri
biuD!r n.r{.Llrni dd{s,ci,i

srdn b. nsr krnrir,.r

!.r1,i rtu mrllrlnriintrlr 0r

sLr LD d x .!il
l,iiL (i ri r(irL urrr nnr! i

llr ii\ri" L.rfi,i Jfr \rr -

5iliL r.r, i, 1r(ni, 11.u:

r;, r.(tird d ! L Jnrn,tL

rr r! drllrtrl .r.l

.i,rrx ,r tu1f !

\![L uL i]rr i e.iLii

\.uf L rnLrp rh,4r rnrr Lrilllr dr ruhicitl.L ]
 Rahan kimia eL{tuiclular )rn3 diprodtrksi oleh scbuah scL lllu
rcngnrnkli'\a l.pada *l*llang lain p3da.€anisme renebut unrult
mengtrbrh linglah lal! *l.Jrl rcb.bur

Konve6i sebuh rin).] dai s.tr' benr'k lisik d. ki ia menjadi betrruk

rln lsebrgii conroh lon\.6i cah!)e meijrdi rebtrah sinlrl [imir arau
sni!.l.siny.L ehraeltrlar men]rdi sirFl intselulrr)

Pnrcin idB{lulrr lrng mentansdtr[sitrn sinyrl sinyrl inkddular &ri

,d {o iry sro la.1or bct. tA?,d! nen!tr inri seL din,rna mcrcka
h
dcngnkrivasi rnnslripsi gen (/"n,vzd,i OVhnman. Augui 1993).

Spcrm{(iplnnxioTooriunlla|spematozoarm )
scl qrmet pria yanq maha. Moril dai ururny3 lebih k{il dri rl lelur.

lcrkomban$i \pdnm didaLrn, bncs

sc lrns belum be.diferensisl ltntlilltt"tiatal kla \ary bi\a tettr\

mencnB ncnbelah dan nrnurunkrn sel s.i a.xk yrng j,'!r biv
rerrer., ahp .b-!/i L\ ' ,.' t/ rJi'\u ju F
'.

frmiii drri 4,rdtg *rdv siroplastr'il yan8 hcAalsi dcildd d.m.i"

siroplasmik dari {j'nLah .v}i,cJi',kcd ccllsurtncc rcccptor Gebrsai
conroh rdalah resepio. anlilen sel l) ]ang sediln nenpu rli .ktivilas
trurtd *rd,. iftri'rik NieieLr mentrnsnisi[an sin]al dengrn .am
menfosforilali rescpro. mcruki scndni drn pruloin prorcn' s,si!/r,Jr
tr r: sch' lr sp.{i llk Fdr r},rd,tsr r,.
'",J

Mol.(ul lipid h drcfobik denlrn MnL{eri{il in'krur I cincin. }ang

merupatan dcrivd dari Lo cq.n)l sljurlil' honidd 5cn.(i qni*n.
c{n)gctr. d'f rcdo*e.on merupalan nerold yrng n,enlrkti}asi reseoror
!rJnnn rlrn niLo.i\ i rr dtr, i( (rrrr rr R,.r!rrai,l1,,,,f,

tr,+',rs nxdr .urrrrt {nun,l ,,

rxt!.. irirdr rrr !., regr r!tr nrter.funnrhttrtrilrD

PfudL I R\\ dri [rL ]lir.iD\r\

Lilnbiqriid lr rf Lh, L,r

 Dr dr[ \ us m 1Lutr \l l' dLLrhnl$ di lrlu(tr'd padr
h]glal 16
rrtri lq?0 l'cidln.dtrLrh {irrrg Ootn pr trl'ulhs l.cd'ktrr
ll'fur
I iivtr\ns Sr rh k!d, dtrlam irbrko l'eltor Kcprla den$D
Pnokatcddrei P.mbiM lllrlvb Pcntrlir n'nlelc$i[u sh]di sL drr
n-i.l-a" r'nr,L'* r"o"r-*" r!s'r lr vebn'\sriahKuah da hhun
lgql dar l99i Pe nLilrn S:] LlirelctLldhur l00l ni I ^ilusibs
oada
(irlirh Nknx drhn bidri! Srin Vcterincr drn St'di S:l dRlesaikrn p r
hft;r0li dl trnive6itrstsft"ii4apldalh!r$shrdillmL Knlolrcnr iq
l)aLan bid rg penclitirn Pciulis tel m'Ltl{nal |en'li(i$
i tenf
_Fk.l""n Brlra Rnahr Bili Pinrng !t?al (dz"r) Scbrgri Krrdid't
Oh! iDhf.nililr' Padr Pfli pah lrlitrn l00r' ral' bhu ?o09 riureln
trrr ,o l'erx, lnhibi'r B nrl] Nl.iginxllitl'rn l\i t'l"t! St'nnttti\
,-.i,,. t's"t o** ,"r'.,t.lJn ).L'oitu nual'h':thutt (t):ttt')
(r'KA) Dl DxLm s. senoli: /'djrl'rbd'(r'
K.tu\nl<t k.rtr\tt)! ttd,nn tupilt /"tl' 'i'tz
rr;r , prda rrhun l0ll)'
'Porensi Arri Proiaminc_2 Datrn Mensi'rdtrksi Kcflrlai Kh nlin da
Pcdurunrr Kurlnxs SPcnnrnruox (ld,,A s'ba!'i Lprrr
"'a'!i'u)
l,erseDrharg' r vaksi'r lnu$konhsepsi llrda Prit p h hhai 20ll
p;duLi F:,ibrc srpiAcd, Mm!$,aktr L'dul'ri stpcruun'ii
^rt'nnLir'
Bstuv .m l) nila on'idf padr ltlrur l0ll optimslirsi h'dulili
semci Beliu Nl.LalLLirerb{ian El's.ak !c5iltrla scni mlis solr=ari
Lrprr-l
V.rn'3krtLtr Kmlilt! sp(mrbToa Sxpi Acclr" drn lJeui[rdsi l'oMi
1"r""" o,," x","1 scbrgai Pdra ' Pcnin-qkd1i Kurlihs Spri'aiozoi
n".t." a""*. Mensum!.rn I'dikalor Elsprusi Nlolckul Lrr Pada
i--'",.-"".i' seni Pdnanfi'lxi Linr I Bungkil l i s]\iL
"^*
t"r.""l iupL..- Lr".r' rl.".ckrLrr KcnrnpLa Rcp'odtrk\i Kdrlring
nr r :1016'
:-,""r"' 1"""r tprrl n."l,al t'cjdrr lnssul rrLr rrnrn
FL\plora\i Poren\i F.ldrrl' Ductur EPiLlidn I Scbrgri hrJtrkbr Psirsl?hr
\rl,hs sE hdd: (hrr. NleDin,$dkrn Poptrlrsi drn lvl u t;en'rI
I'ublilxs il ] 'r rclrh d pnblil,r' lel .lrh Kada' leroecrotr
iah
l,trs I'uril, (nd,r ,.^?s' a) 1!ii6d Paptrui {irr, Alblo llLji l'iixrg
lttu .tuaht): \ntn ttkrh, t\rqhthr,t:u td.r lt 4dlltitr\ ttn'
 .: i.r. r,rtirr
Lb lnlrj _\ir Hij

'lr;tnr.l !r,.,\r!:r,-1 (o\l) Pr jYrq

,,/rrlir\)rLLhlr NN]ri:r.5rirl rl iI'irxn! lr(r tr1./rr] PrN LLI:
l0lr]l Lrl P!.rI rrl!, \ Lrli Pi,j! trr,..i rimlr' rdfr'l
t\r Jtltt Lrithi|6 /r! I'rulitrhrn [ntr,pioi-lir .!dtrri ru.
LLI$ ljir,n PrLi rlLrm lr1') lrr'.njl6 I
(clIrir l)\1 sr,! nr t{!!nr o\rgrr srlr $ tRlJ\) dxr '(n' fi
\tnclLLL ll.hnrir! d LLrL Pir! r] r.mt]l i dN \trrrofrt]i \'''!
l.,rLrr |'ili dtr hl.ii lL.pr 'l Ltri L/t:
x,,'.!rhi r!trLli ldert llr.tr! ixr Krird'
ll.r.,liL,ibr ll l)3r Hr! Klltr lrl srr.ifttrn,.r?!ir^ s!'
Nr Llr K.ntrIeDi LLnnro l.,lrr5il
Nlll 16 il.,xr
IlftL \r 8ii I r, ! Pali rrhtrf l0 L lnr hr ll Nl. tr-Lil
,\ii!r lli. lrrli\.si ,, 1n, dx lir.!. (rlilA {/'{o\r :'
r.r-1. h!,gir R.ftrJtqli
l'.rrL di hn,i6ia l}ir ll. brn lr\ | i I r'! ' :
lrr b I rl \lcnnrlu, irldi rr sl{rfn.nx /r,rA d vinl'
f{,{!"rfrr!.'4 l.,r!n'r^I r/1,, r(ht\\ tlt, . t\Ittttr \tt nl
M.iqhrtr,Lrd Fl\t{si Ni(,tLrl P.unir! Pl Iri !)xhn (!ln tr \ri'rr:
r tr! illr\ ,,,r,1!ni) l'if rrl r lull rl,) fif dr Pr
dtrn, Di,ri lr l!llLLld lndi lr.\tf D.n.niL rll!hr rr l

ro,qlri r,/n,rrr!nr,. Rrriol.r. Krhiif lir,rlrtr afrr r'

Pr Ltrf hr$r 1P|l llx5iL n.rr ,rs tlnrLrr Nl.iqgtrrill] \..n
ni,,, 1;, , -\trpdnJ nu,lljl
\leDi',-il [l i r.ui irs
rri{'.{i LFrlirlr i', rh: ri.n)i,r ri,rtr, lur,,c. []r!! i '

ni^r i$ rd.nd.tr nrra Pi

r"/i(nr\t rrJr hirli t, j I,rrqrruh []d.J\ f.r!L!it r sts,nrn ..

t,,,
litlt ptrLth t,{dr!r,rtrrih)r t prll
1l\Hr prLtr
r.r:cDbrr!'i Kini\.p:i llLrmrotr t,r. lldlr^ir pr , r pskrurl
Prb.. I ," .r
Ko'scnrrisi rcjNrnn Frla jr!, p r rr r/?./r; r,!{trr! ,Fr.tt
ak{ k r)rr Pds.! r (-rtL Niiq | ) r.han) lrlLrJ,,r
PerkonI r!.n s. sp{nji(] lik!r t/rrr,! ,,m,erJ,j) ni.r.v or

rn rd otr Pertomrnr. rrr.tunl,, rtrri{ (rL) Q{r '.''''1,

rnr QL I ir\ aonhr. ihn pur rutd F(jtut
I didiinn uenorrNi Nt.r rqt ltr
. P.t. ti
spdmr.g.r I \ri, N,rurtrr /vrlriL t\ rttun& rtiti: i;,l.latr nnr1
in Kru,g (jmr "
(Ll.tsA) . cfir qu!:
\rr,dd ir -Tr,c tnr.frn nlr!
mirire\ic{ . iar. |,\ L\rrcnitr or!{\rp r.!Dons\. rturd{
rripenn: A
r.dr ad ('r{LN,Il Jdt,^\ir! r.D frt c\ r.d
Lrrrrs K.Jokdm tr\\\D tnncaiL\ \\rh
.,-..-,.,ri.