CONTENTS

ERLANG
ERLANG TYPES
BUSY HOUR
BLOCKING
GRADE OF SERVICE
SERVICE TIME
WAIT TIME
ERLANG-B CALCULATION FORMULA
 ERLANG

Erlang is a unit of measurement of Traffic Density

in a Telecommunication System.
 ERLANG
Erlang is a unit of statistical resource used.
The term is named after the Danish Telephone Engineer, A.K. Erlang, the
originator of queuing theory.
Smaller units of traffic measurements, hundred or centum call second
[CCS] is used. A traffic Density of 1 CCS is equal to 1/36 Erlang.
Erlang Value is said to be equivalent to “1” if one call in a specific channel
continue for 1 hour or 3600 seconds.
60 calls in one hour, each lasting 5 minutes, Erlang?
Minutes of traffic in one hour = 60 x 5
Minutes of traffic in one hour = 300 minutes
Traffic = Minutes of Traffic in one hour / One Hour
Traffic = 300 minutes / 60 minutes
Traffic = 5 Erlang
This is called Erlang-A.
 ERLANG TYPES
Erlang has two types:
Erlang-B [Blocking]
Erlang-C
Erlang-B --- the most commonly used traffic model. Erlang B is used to
workout how many lines are required if the traffic figure during the busiest
hour is known. This model assumes that all blocked calls are cleared
immediately.
Erlang-B is the calculation for any one of these three factors:
Busy Hour Traffic [BHT] the number of hours of call traffic during the busiest hour of operation.
Blocking the percentage of calls that are blocked because not enough lines are available
Lines required
Erlang-C --- This model assumes that all blocked calls are queued in the
system until they can be handled.
 BUSY HOUR

The load handled by a system varies a lot based on the time of

day and day of the week. Most systems are heavily loaded for a
few hours in a day. The main objective of resource dimensioning
is to make sure that the system performs well during these busy
hours. This will make sure that the system has adequate resources
to handle peak as well as off-peak traffic.
 BLOCKING

The Blocking Probability defines the chance that a customer will

be denied service due to lack of resources. Blocking Probability
during the busy hour can be decreased by:
Increasing the resources in the system
Offering Incentives and discounts to encourage usage during
off-peak hours.
 GRADE OF SERVICE

Grade Of Service [GOS] is directly related to the blocking

probability. A higher grade of service guarantee to the customer
means ensuring a low blocking probability during the busy hours.
Providing a higher Grade of Service requires increasing the
number of resources in the system. Conversely, you can reduce
the number of resources to lower the cost, but at the expense of
Grade of Service.
 SERVICE TIME

Service time is the total time a resource is needed to handle one

customer’s request.
 WAIT TIME

The total time customers will have to wait in the queue before
they get any service [Erlang-C].
 ERLANG-B
Erlang-B formula allows you to calculate the probability that a resource
request from the customer will be denied due to lack of resources:
A good approximate result can be obtained by using the following formula:

N = A + kA1/2

Br = AN/N! 1 + A/1! + ------- + AN/N!

N is the total number of resources in the system

A is the traffic in Erlang
Br is the probability that a customer request will be rejected due to lack of
resources
THANK YOU!