MODEL ANTRIAN

Problem : adanya perbedaan antara jumlah (#) permintaan layanan dengan kapasitas
server
 Jumlah permintaan lebih besar server  antrian lama dan panjang  pelanggan
pindah
 Penambahan server  penambahan biaya

Model antrian tidak menjawab secara langsung hanya memberi informasi untuk
pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan.
Informasi yang dapat diperoleh :
 Persentase waktu idle
 Jumlah rata-rata pelanggan yang antri pada setiap saat
 Rata-rata waktu tunggu dalam antrian
 Sebaran distribusi # pelanggan dalam antrian
 Sebaran distribusi waktu yang dihabiskan pelanggan dalam antrian

Komponen-komponen suatu sistem antrian

 Customer  Proses pelayanan
 Server  Sumber input
 Proses kedatangan  Aturan dalam antrian (queue
discipline)

Sistem Antrian

Populasi Customer Mekanisme keluar

Antrian
awal Pelayanan

Notasi antrian : 1/2/3/4/5/6

1 : Proses kedatangan (M, D, Ek, G) 4 : queue discipline : FCFS, LCFS, RSS, GD
2 : Proses Pelayanan (M, D, Ek, G) 5 : maksimum banyaknya customer di sistem
3 : banyaknya server parallel 6 : ukuran populasi dari mana customer berasal
M  markovian (dist eksponensial)
D  deterministik
Ek  dist Erlang
G  General (selain eksponensial)
FCFS  first come first service = FIFO (first in first out)  antrian loket pembelian karcis
LCFS  last come first service = LIFO (last in first out)
RSS  random service selection

Example :
1) M/M/5/FCFS/50/ 4) M/M/1/N  M/M/1/4
2) M/M/1 5) M/M/s/N untuk s>1
3) M/M/s untuk s>1 6) G/G/1

Rumus-rumus Model antrian M/M/1   : rate kedatangan dan  : rate pelayanan

 Peluang banyaknya customer di sistem  Po = 1-  =1- (/) dan Pn = n (1-)
 Peluang banyaknya customer di antrian  qo = 1- 2 dan qn = n+1 (1-)

1
 Rata-rata banyaknya customer  L = /(1-) (di sistem) dan Lq = 2/(1-) (di
antrian)
 Rata-rata waktu tunggu  W = 1/(-) (di sistem) dan Wq = /((-)) (di antrian)
Example 1:
Secara rata-rata 10 mobil datang setiap jam untuk server tunggal berupa drive-in teller.
Rata-rata waktu pelayanan adalah 4 menit. Waktu kedatangan dan waktu pelayanan
keduanya memiliki distribusi eksponesial.
1. Berapa peluang teller idle ?
2. Berapa rata-rata # customer pada antrian?
3. Berapa rata-rata waktu di dalam antrian?
4. Secara rata-rata, berapa # customer di system?
Jawab : M/M/1,  =10 mobil/jam dan  = 60/4 = 15 mobil/jam
1. Po = 1/3
2. Lq = 4/3
3. Wq = 8 menit
4. L = 2

Example 2:
Rata-rata seorang pasien tiba dalam selang waktu ½ jam dan rata-rata waktu yang
diperlukan dokter untuk memeriksa seorang pasien = 20 menit. Jika unit waktu adalah
jam maka hitunglah :
1. Rata-rata waktu antar kedatangan = 1/
2. Rata-rata waktu pelayanan = 1/
3. Rata-rata pasien yang datang = 
4. Rata-rata pasien yang selesai diperiksa = 
Jawab : M/M/1,  = 2 orang/jam dan  = 3 orang/jam

JENIS-JENIS ANTRIAN
1. Antrian tunggal dengan satu server  loket

2. Antrian tunggal dengan beberapa server (paralel)

 Server identik  server berupa mesin
 Server non-identik  bank

3. Antrian tunggal dengan server seri  surat-surat

1 2 3

4. Antrian ganda  supermarket

2
SIMULASI dengan AWESIM
1. Node CREATE

2. Node ACTIVITY  sebagai penghubung atau server

3. Node QUEUE

3
4. Node TERMINATE

4
SIMULASI ANTRIAN dengan AWESIM
1. Antrian tunggal dengan 1 server

Reading control ANTRI11 ... Reading network file ANTRI1_1.MNT ...

1 GEN,"eto","antri1_1", 1 masukan: CREATE,EXPON(3);
3-12-2003,50,YES,YES; 2 ACTIVITY;
2 LIMITS,,,,,,,400; 3 antri: QUEUE,1, , ,NONE;
3 NETWORK,READ; 4 ACTIVITY,1,EXPON(4), , ,1,"server1";
4 FIN; 5 selesai: TERMINATE,100;
6 END;
** FILE STATISTICS **
File Number Where Created Average Length Standard Deviation
1 QUEUE ANTRI 16.5879162 8.0198691

File Number Maximum Average Length Average Wait Time

1 35.1670416 48.0491364

** SERVICE ACTIVITY STATISTICS **

Activity Label Server Average Standard Average
Number Capacity Utilization Deviation Blockage
1 server1 1 0.9721436 0.0374964 0.0000000

** AweSim! MULTIPLE RUN SUMMARY REPORT **

** FILE STATISTICS **
File Where Average standard File Maximum Average
Number Created Length Deviation Number Average Wait Time
1 QUEUE ANTRI 1.2191018 0.8363926 Length
1 4.9688312 3.5853552
** SERVICE ACTIVITY STATISTICS **
Activity Label Server Average Activity Standard Average
Number Capacity Utilization Number Deviation Blockage
1 Server 1 1 0.6580955 1 0.0868101 0.0000000

2. Antrian tunggal dengan 3 server identik

Reading network file ANTRI1_3.MNT ...

1 masukan: CREATE,EXPON(3);
2 ACTIVITY;
3 antri: QUEUE,1, , ,NONE;
4 ACTIVITY,1,EXPON(4), , ,3,"server1";
5 selesai: TERMINATE,100;

5
 6 END;

** FILE STATISTICS **
File Where Average standard File Maximum Average
Number Created Length Deviation Number Average Wait Time
1 QUEUE ANTRI 0.1175473 0.1040447 Length
1 0.4593855 0.3506529
** SERVICE ACTIVITY STATISTICS **
Activity Label Server Average Activity Standard Average
Number Capacity Utilization Number Deviation Blockage
1 Server 1 3 1.2889142 1 0.1805306 0.0000000

3. Antrian tunggal dengan 3 server non identik

Reading network file ANT1_3NI.MNT ...

1 #line 0 ANT1_3NI.NET
1 #line 0 ANT1_3NI.NET
1 masukan: CREATE,EXPON(3);
2 ACTIVITY;
3 antri: QUEUE,1, , ,NONE,{pilih};
4 pilih: SELECT,RANDOM,RANDOM,NONE,{antri};
5 ACTIVITY,1,EXPON(4),prob(1/3), ,1,"server1";
6 ACTIVITY,2,EXPON(5),prob(1/3),"selesai2",1,"server2";
7 ACTIVITY,3,EXPON(6),prob(1/3),"selesai3",1,"server3";
8 selesai: TERMINATE,100;
9 selesai2: TERMINATE,100;
10 selesai3: TERMINATE,100;
11 END;
** FILE STATISTICS **
File Where Average Standard File Maximum Average
Number Created Length Deviation Number Average Wait Time
1 QUEUE ANTRI 0.3587746 0.2131394 Length
1 1.1387428 1.0644167

** SERVICE ACTIVITY STATISTICS **

Activity Label Server Average
Number Capacity Utilization
1 server1 1 0.5017950
2 server2 1 0.5334371
3 server3 1 0.5723760

6
 ANTRIAN GANDA
1. ANTRIAN TUNGGAL DENGAN 1 SERVER

Reading network file ANTG_1.MNT ...

1 masukan: CREATE,EXPON(2); 4 ACTIVITY,1,EXPON(4), , ,1,"server1";
2 ACTIVITY; 5 selesai: TERMINATE,100;
3 antri: QUEUE,1, , ,NONE; 6 END;
** AweSim! MULTIPLE RUN SUMMARY REPORT **
** FILE STATISTICS **
File Where Average Standard File Maximum Average
Number Created Length Deviation Number Average Wait Time
1 QUEUE ANTRI 53.9313330 13.9328900 Length
1 90.7033304 104.0707066
** SERVICE ACTIVITY STATISTICS **
Activity Label Server Average Activity Standard Average
Number Capacity Utilization Number Deviation Blockage
1 server1 1 0.9940099 1 0.0097114 0.0000000

2. ANTRIAN GANDA DENGAN 2 SERVER

Reading control ANTG_2 ...

1 GEN,"eto","antrian ganda dg 2 server",7-12-2003,50,YES,YES;
2 LIMITS,,,,,,,400;
3 NETWORK,READ;
4 FIN;
Reading network file ANTG_2.MNT ...
1 #line 0 ANTG_2.NET 5 ACTIVITY,1,EXPON(4), , ,1,"server1";
1 #line 0 ANTG_2.NET 6 selesai: TERMINATE,100;
1 masukan: CREATE,EXPON(2); 7 antri2: QUEUE,2, , ,NONE;
2 ACTIVITY, , ,prob(1/2); 8 ACTIVITY,2,EXPON(5), , ,1;
3 ACTIVITY, , ,prob(1/2),"antri2"; 9 selesai2: TERMINATE,100;
4 antri: QUEUE,1, , ,NONE; 10 END;
** AweSim! MULTIPLE RUN SUMMARY REPORT **
** FILE STATISTICS **
File Where Average Standard File Maximum Average
Number Created Length Deviation Number Average Wait Time
1 QUEUE ANTRI 6.7367406 4.4477990 Length
2 QUEUE antri2 11.7187198 5.6073766 1 21.2076715 25.7724230
2 25.6581466 45.7029554
** SERVICE ACTIVITY STATISTICS **

7
Activity Label Server Average
Number Capacity Utilization
1 server1 1 0.9089034 Activity Standard Average
2 server2 1 0.9620344 Number Deviation Blockage
1 0.0745511 0.0000000
2 0.0415885 0.0000000

NUMBER OF STREAM
DISTRIBUSI EXPONENSIAL  EXPON(XMN,IS)
IS  nb of stream  terkait dengan nilai awal / seed
Di dalam Awesim IS ini nilainya 1, 2, … ,100
DISTRIBUSI TANPA IS  EXPON(3)
 KEMUNGKINAN UNTUK KOMPUTER YANG BERBEDA DAPAT
MENGHASILKAN NILAI YANG BERBEDA
 JIKA DI-RUN BERULANG-ULANG AKAN MENGHASILKAN NILAI YANG
SAMA
DISTRIBUSI DENGAN IS  EXPON(3,5)
 AKAN MENGHASILKAN NILAI YANG SAMA UNTUK KOMPUTER YANG
BERBEDA
 JIKA DI-RUN BERULANG-ULANG AKAN MENGHASILKAN NILAI YANG SAMA

PENGHENTIAN PROSES
1. COUNT  PROSES AKAN DIHENTIKAN JIKA N ENTITY/CUSTOMER TELAH
DILAYANI  BIOSKOP (250 KURSI)

2. TIME  PROSES AKAN DIHENTIKAN JIKA WAKTU YANG DISEDIAKAN

TELAH HABIS  BANK (08.00 – 15.00),

Reading control ANTRI1 ...

1 GEN,"???","antri1",11-12-2007,5,YES,YES;
2 LIMITS;
3 INITIALIZE,0.0,300,YES;  TIME
4 NETWORK,READ;
5 FIN;

8
3. ANTRIAN GANDA DENGAN 3 SERVER

Reading control ANTG_3 ...

1 GEN,"eto","antrian ganda dg 3 serever",7-12-2003,50,YES,YES;
2 LIMITS,,,,,,,300;
3 NETWORK,READ;
4 FIN;
Reading network file ANTG_3.MNT ...
1 #line 0 ANTG_3.NET
1 #line 0 ANTG_3.NET
1 masukan: CREATE,EXPON(2);
2 ACTIVITY, , ,prob(1/3);
3 ACTIVITY, , ,prob(1/3),"antri2";
4 ACTIVITY, , ,prob(1/3),"antri3";
5 antri: QUEUE,1, , ,NONE;
6 ACTIVITY,1,EXPON(4), , ,1,"server1";
7 selesai: TERMINATE,95;
8 antri2: QUEUE,2, , ,NONE;
9 ACTIVITY,2,EXPON(5), , ,1;
10 selesai2: TERMINATE,95;
11 antri3: QUEUE,3, , ,NONE;
12 ACTIVITY,2,EXPON(6), , ,1;
13 selesai3: TERMINATE,95;
14 END;

** AweSim! MULTIPLE RUN SUMMARY REPORT **

** FILE STATISTICS **
File Where Average Standard
Number Created Length Deviation
1 QUEUE ANTRI 1.1112429 0.7487553
2 QUEUE antri2 3.8300705 3.8398265
3 QUEUE antri3 5.5057130 3.5070026
File Maximum Average
Number Average Wait Time
Length
1 4.7195844 6.5863122
2 19.3974179 21.5491303
3 15.9715504 32.2244892
** SERVICE ACTIVITY STATISTICS **
Activity Label Server Average
Number Capacity Utilization
1 server1 1 0.6440968
2 ANTG_3.NET:9 1 0.8009910
2 ANTG_3.NET:12 1 0.8972642