ABOUT THE COMPENDIUM

Dear Students,
Vidyamandir Classes academic team knows that you are rigourously studying to cover the entire prescribed
syllabus. As the Final Exams approach, this is the time when you need to revisit the concepts you have
learned. At this time, you have to be very focused and directed in your approach.
To make your learning process precise, effective and enjoyable, we at Vidyamandir Classes conceptualized
the compendium series, strategically designed to help you in scoring high grades in examination. The
Compendium is primarily intended to present the concepts of chapter in a concise manner. All key definitions,
diagrams and formulae have been integrated for a quick revision of the chapter.
To help you to easily master complicated concepts, definitions, diagrams and formulae, we have added
interesting tips, mnemonics, maps and matrices. Let us take a look at the elements of the Compendium and
how to use them.
Knowing these features will make it easier for you to assimilate complex information.

Icon Description How it can help you

To directly recapitulate main concepts of the

Concept map
chapter.

To help you draw and remember diagrams,

we have thoughtfully developed some
Drawing Tips
mnemonics to help you to memorise
Drawing Tips information

Compare
To help you in comparing different concepts
Contrast Matrix

To make your learning process effective, easy

Memory Tips
tips have been provided.

In this compendium, we have also incorporated:

• CBSE Blue Print: Type of questions asked and the weightage of different forms of questions.
• Analysis of Previous Years CBSE questions: The topic wise analysis of previous years question along
with the marks allocated.
• We are confident that this Compendium will prove very helpful in achieving excellent result in your
exams.

All the very best for your exams!

Vidyamandir Classes Academic Team

Compendium/Math/Class XII 1 © 201 0 Vidyamandir Classes

 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
About Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Since this chapter was introduced in class XIIth in the year 2008, we have only last year’s question
paper as reference.

π  
1
Evaluate : sin   sin   .
1
1. 1 mark
3  2 

1 1 1 1 1 π
2. Prove the following: tan  tan1  tan 1  tan1  4 mark
3 5 7 8 4

As you can see, the questions asked were mainly conceptual and based on the properties of
inverse trigonometric functions. You need to have a clear idea of principal values of all six inverse
trigonometric functions. Also, questions based on properties need to be practised rigourously .

CBSE BLUEPRINT
Types of Questions Very short answer Short answer Long answer
( 1 mark) ( 4 marks) (6 marks)

Option I Number of questions 1 1 -

Option II Number of questions - - 1

Compendium/Math/Class XII 2 © 201 0 Vidyamandir Classes

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Key Formulae

 Both sin–1 x and cos–1 x

have the same domain.
 Graphs of sin–1 x
and cos–1 x have a phase
difference of 

F u n c tio n y  sin  1 x F u n c tio n y  co s  1 x

D o m a in x   1,1  D o m a in x   1,1

Ran ge Ran ge
π π 
(p rin c ip a l v a lu e  ,  (p rin c ip a l v a lu e 0, π 
 2 2 
b ra n c h ) b ra n ch )

 Both tan–1 x and cot–1 x

have the same domain.

F u n c tio n y  ta n  1 x F u n c tio n y  cot1 x

D o m a in x    ,   D o m a in x    ,  
Range Range
  π π 
(p rin c ip a l v a lue 
 2 2 
, (p r in c ip a l v a lu e 0 , π 
b ra n c h ) b ra n ch )

Compendium/Math/Class XII 3 © 201 0 Vidyamandir Classes

  Both sec–1 x and
cosec –1 x have t he
same domain.
 Graphs of sec–1 x and
cosec–1 x have a phase
difference of 
 Range of cosec–1 x is
the same as that of
1
Function y  cosec x 1
Function y  sec x sin–1 x except the
x  (, 1]  [1, ) Domain x  (, 1]  [1, ) element 0.
Domain
Range  Range of sec–1 x is the
 π π  Range same as that of cos–1 x
(principal  ,   {0} (principal
value  2 2  [0, π ] – { π /2} except the element
value
branch) .
branch)

Key Properties

Trigonometric Inverse Functions of Reciprocals

1
(i) sin1 = cosec1 x, x  1 or x  1
x

1
(ii) cos1 = sec1 x, x  1 or x  1
x

1
(iii) tan 1 = cot 1 x, x  0
x

Compendium/Math/Class XII 4 © 201 0 Vidyamandir Classes

Trigonometric Inverse of Negative Argument Functions
Note the Pattern
In the first table, we get
(i) sin1(x) = sin1 x, x [1,1] (i) cos1 ( x) = π  cos1 x, x  [1,1]
the same inverse function

(ii) tan1(x) = tan1 (x), x  R (ii) sec1 ( x) = π  s ec1 ( x), x  1 with negative sign
whereas in the second
(iii) cosec1(x) = cosec1x, x 1 (iii) 1 1
cot (x ) = π  cot x, x  R table an additional 
appears with a negative
inverse function.

Trigonometric Inverse of Trigonometric Functions and Trigonometric Value of Trigonometric

Inverse Function

 π π
sin –1 sin θ   θ , θ   ,  sin sin1 x = x , x  1,1 Note the
 2 2  Pattern

cos –1 cos θ   θ , θ  0, π  cos cos1 x = x , x  1,1 In the first

table, inverse
of a
 π π 
tan –1 tan θ   θ , θ   ,  tan tan 1 x = x , x  R
 2 2  trigonometric
function gives
 π π cosec cosec1 x  = x , the angle
cosec –1 cosec θ   θ , θ   ,  ; θ  0
 2 2  x  (, 1]  [1, )
whereas in the
second table,

sec –1 sec θ   θ , θ  0, π ; θ 

π secsec1 x = x , x  (, 1]  [1, ) trigonometric
2 function of an
inverse
cot –1 cot θ   θ , θ  0, π  cot cot 1 x  = x , x  R
function gives
the value of
the function.
Important properties which are used extensively in solving questions based on inverse
trigonometric functions.

π
sin 1 x  cos1 x = , x  [1,1]
(i) 2
π
tan 1 x  cot 1 x = ,xR
(ii) 2
π
cosec 1 x  sec1 x = , x 1
(iii) 2

Compendium/Math/Class XII 5 © 201 0 Vidyamandir Classes

 Properties of Tangent Inverse Function

(i) x y
tan–1x + tan–1y = tan 1 , xy  1
1  xy

(ii) x– y
tan–1x – tan–1y = tan 1 , xy  1
1  xy

(iii) 2x
2tan–1x = tan 1 , x 1 These properties are used
1 x 2
when two tangent inverse
(iv) 2x functions are added or
2tan–1x = sin 1 , x 1
1  x2 subtracted. Also, tan–1 x

(v) 1 x2 can be written in terms of

2tan–1x = cos1 ,x 0
sin –1 x or cos –1 x using
1 x2
these properties.
(vi) –1 2x
1
2tan x = tan , 1  x  1
1 x 2

Compendium/Math/Class XII 6 © 201 0 Vidyamandir Classes