Kata Pengantar

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan atas kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa,yang telah
memberikan rahmat dan karunia yang dilimpahkan kepada penulis sehingga dapat
menyelesaikan Critical book review Pengantar manajemen ini, Yang bertujuan untuk
memenuhi persyaratan pembelajaran Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia (KKNI) pada
tahun 2019.
Critical book review ini telah saya susun dengan semaksimal mungkin dan mendapat
bantuan dari berbagai pihak sehingga dapat memperlancar pembuatan CBR ini.Untuk itu saya
menyampaikan banyak terimakasih kepada pihak yang telah membantu saya dan
berkontribusi
Terlepas dari semua itu,saya menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa masih ada kekurangan baik
dari segi tata bahasa maupun susunan kalimatnya.Oleh karana itu penulis memohon maaf
yang sebesar besarnya dan dengan tangan terbuka saya menerima segala saran maupun kritik
dari pembaca agar dapat memperbaiki critical book review selanjutnya.
Akhir kata saya berharap semoga Critical Book Report ini memberi manfaat maupun inspirasi
terhadap pembaca maupun kepada penulis sendiri.

Medan, November 2019

Michael situmorang

Daftar Isi
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BAB 1 Kustoro Budiarta..............................................................................................................1
BISNIS DAN LINGKUNGAN BISNIS .......................................................................................1
Pengertian Bisnis............................................................................................................................1
Klasifikasi Bisnis............................................................................................................................4
Tujuan Bisnis..................................................................................................................................5
Lingkungan Bisnis..........................................................................................................................8

BAB I Dr. Francis Tantri............................................................................................................12

PENGERTIAN UMUM EKONOMI DAN BISNIS.....................................................................12
Pengertian Ekonomi......................................................................................................................12
Pengertian Perusahaan...................................................................................................................12
Prinsip Ekonomi............................................................................................................................14
Sistem Dan Theory.......................................................................................................................14
Hubungan Perusahaan dan Rumah Tangga...................................................................................14
Tujuan Perusahaan.........................................................................................................................15
Cara Mencapai Tujuan...................................................................................................................15
Perbedaan Perusahaan, Badan Usaha dan Yayasan.......................................................................15

BAB I A.Jalaluddin Sayuti, S.E., M.Hum. Res.........................................................................17

PENGANTAR BISNIS.................................................................................................................17
Latar Belakang Kegiatan Bisnis....................................................................................................17
Pengertian- pengertian...................................................................................................................17
Faktor- faktor yang Menentukan Iklim Bisnis..............................................................................19
Prinsip Ekonomi dan Sistem Ekonomi..........................................................................................19
Pentingnya Bisnis Secara Makro Ekonomi...................................................................................19

BAB II Kustoro Budiara.............................................................................................................21

BENTUK-BENTUK BADAN USAHA.......................................................................................21
Badan usaha dan perusahaan.........................................................................................................21
Bentuk badan usaha ......................................................................................................................21
Perusahaan perseorangan...............................................................................................................21
Perusahaan perkongsian ...............................................................................................................22
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Perusahaan perseroan terbatas.......................................................................................................24
Beberapa badan usaha lain............................................................................................................27

BAB II Sudono Sukirno..............................................................................................................31

BENTUK BADAN USAHA DAN PERKEMBANGAN BADAN USAHA...............................31
Bentuk badan usaha yang utama...................................................................................................31
Beberapa badan usaha lain............................................................................................................31
Aspek lain dari organisasi perusahaan..........................................................................................33

BAB II A.Jalaluddin Sayuti, S.E.,M.Hum.Res.........................................................................35

JENIS- JENIS PERUSAHAAN (LEMBAGA BISNIS)...............................................................35
Penggolongan Perusahaan.............................................................................................................35
Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dan Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD) atau
Perusahaan Daerah (PD)...............................................................................................................36
Kerja Sama atau Penggabungan Perusahaan.................................................................................38
Jenis Kegiatan atau Bidang Perusahaan........................................................................................38

BAB III Kustoro Budiarta..........................................................................................................40

POTENSI BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN..........................................................................40
Bentuk bisnis kecil........................................................................................................................40
Resiko bisnis kecil........................................................................................................................40
Kewirausahaan..............................................................................................................................41
Kreativitas dan Inovasi..................................................................................................................42
Peranan kewiraushaan dan pengembangan usaha.........................................................................42
Tahap-tahap pengembangan usaha................................................................................................43
Mentalitas wirausaha.....................................................................................................................43
Ciri-ciri wirausaha yang berhasil..................................................................................................44

BAB III A.Jalaluddin Sayuti, S.E., M.Hum. Res......................................................................45

KEWIRAUSAHAAN, USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UKM).........................................45
Pengertian dan Falsafah Wirausaha...............................................................................................45
Menumbuhkan Minat Berwirausaha.............................................................................................45
Usaha Kecil dan Menengah...........................................................................................................46
Mengelola Badan Usaha................................................................................................................47

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BAB III Mahmud Machfoeds....................................................................................................48
PERUSAHAAN KECIL DAN WARALABA..............................................................................48
Perusahaan Kecil...........................................................................................................................48
Memulai dan mengelola perusahaan kecil....................................................................................48
Membuka usaha............................................................................................................................48
Pembiayaan perusahaan kecil.......................................................................................................49
Kelebihan dan kekurangan perushaan kecil..................................................................................49
Waralaba........................................................................................................................................50
Sifat hubungan waralaba...............................................................................................................51
Evaluasi hubungan waralaba.........................................................................................................51
Evaluasi perjanjian waralaba.........................................................................................................52
Jangka waktu,pemtusan hubungan dan pengalihan kontrak.........................................................54
Melakukan sendiri riset pasar........................................................................................................55
Faktor keunggulan dan ekurangan perusahaan waralaba .............................................................56

BAB IV Kustoro Budiarta..........................................................................................................57

PERANAN PEMASARAN DAN BENTUK-BENTUK KEGIATANNYA.................................57
Aspek pemasaran..........................................................................................................................57
Konsep-konsep pemasaran............................................................................................................57
Produk...........................................................................................................................................58
Manajemen Siklus.........................................................................................................................59

BAB IV Mahmud Machfoedz....................................................................................................60

MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN....................................................................................................60
Defenisi pemasaran.......................................................................................................................60
Proses pertukaran..........................................................................................................................60
Konsep pemasaran........................................................................................................................60
Strategi pemasaran........................................................................................................................61
Menentukan pasar sasaran.............................................................................................................61
Menciptakan bauran pemasaran....................................................................................................61
Perencanaa pasar yang strategis....................................................................................................62
Perencanaan pemasaran................................................................................................................62
Pasar .............................................................................................................................................62
Perbedaan ciri pasar bisnis dan pasar konsumen..........................................................................63
Beberapa pengaruh pembelian......................................................................................................63
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Perilaku konsumen........................................................................................................................64
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi................................................................................................65
Proses kepurusan pembelian.........................................................................................................65
Segmentasi pasar ..........................................................................................................................66
Konsep segmentasi pasar..............................................................................................................66
Pendekatan segmentasi pasar.......................................................................................................66

BAB IV Sudono...........................................................................................................................68
PERANAN PEMASARAN DAN BENTUK-BENTUK KEGIATANNYA.................................68
Pemasaran dan kegiatan yang diliputinya.....................................................................................68
Sumbangan pemasaran kepada masyarakat dan perekonomian....................................................71
Strategi mengembangkan barang..................................................................................................73
Strategi penetapan harga...............................................................................................................78
Strategi pendistribusian barang.....................................................................................................82
Strategi mempromosikan barang..................................................................................................86

BAB V Kustoro budiarta............................................................................................................88

MENGELOLA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN..........................................................................88
Pengertian keuangan dan manajemen keuangan...........................................................................88
Sasaran dan fungsi dari keuangan.................................................................................................88
Modal kerja dalam perusahaan......................................................................................................89
Pengertian modal kerja..................................................................................................................89
Pendaan aktiva lancar: Bauran jjangkapendek VS jangka panjang..............................................90
Ketidakpastian dari margin pengaman..........................................................................................91
Aspek administrasi dan akuntansi.................................................................................................92

BAB V Dr Sudaryono ................................................................................................................93

PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN BISNIS....................................................................................93
Memahami uang............................................................................................................................93
Memahami lembaga keuangan......................................................................................................93
Memahami modal usaha...............................................................................................................94
Sumber modal usaha.....................................................................................................................94
Memahami akuntansi....................................................................................................................96
Memahami manajemen keuangan.................................................................................................97
Sasaran dan fungsi keuangan........................................................................................................98
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Laporan keuangan.........................................................................................................................100
Menganalisis laporan keuangan....................................................................................................102
Pendanaan aktiva lancar................................................................................................................103
Manajer keuangan.........................................................................................................................104
Kenapa banyak orang tidak kaya..................................................................................................104

BAB V Sudono.............................................................................................................................105
MENGELOLA KEUANGAN PERUSAAAN : AKUNTANSI DAN FUNGSINYA..................105
Defenisi akuntansi dan bisnis liputannya......................................................................................105
Prinsip pembukuan dan neraca keuangan.....................................................................................106
Informasi dan analisis keuangan..................................................................................................108
Manajemen keuangan perusahaan.................................................................................................111
Pengawasan keuangan...................................................................................................................111
Sistem akuntansi menggunakan computer....................................................................................113

BAB VI Kustoro Budiarta .........................................................................................................114

PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA.........................................................................114
Pengertian manajemen sumber daya manusia...............................................................................114
Fungsi manajemen sumber daya manusia.....................................................................................114
Perencanaan SDM.........................................................................................................................115
Pengandaan SDM..........................................................................................................................115
Rekrutmen.....................................................................................................................................118
Sumber rekrutan............................................................................................................................118

BAB VI Dr Sudaryono................................................................................................................124
PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA.........................................................................124
Pengertian manajemen sumber daya manusia...............................................................................124
Fungsi manajemen sumber daya manusia.....................................................................................125
Perencanaan sumber daya manusia...............................................................................................126
Analisis jabatan.............................................................................................................................126
Deskripsi kerja job........................................................................................................................128
Spesifikasi kerja............................................................................................................................128
Pengandaan sumber daya manusia................................................................................................129
Rekrutmen.....................................................................................................................................129
Sumber pengrekrutan....................................................................................................................129
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Metode pengrekrutan....................................................................................................................130
Seleksi Pengembangan sumber daya manusia..............................................................................131
Pengembangan Karyawan.............................................................................................................132
Pemeliharaan SDM.......................................................................................................................134
Pentingnya pengintegrasian..........................................................................................................135
Status dan tugas manajer SDM.....................................................................................................135

BAB VI Sudono...........................................................................................................................137
MENGELOLA SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA.............................................................................137
Peranan pengelola sumber daya dan tantangan yang dihadapinya ..............................................137
Merencanakan kebutuhan SDM....................................................................................................140
Proses mendapatkan SDM yang dibutuhkan................................................................................142

BAB VII Kustoro Budiarta…………………………………………………………………......152

POTENSI BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN………………………………………………....152
Bentuk bisnis kecil………………………………………………………………………………..152
Resiko bisnis kecil………………………………………………………………………………..152
Kewirausahaan …………………………………………………………………………………...153
Kreativitas dan inovasi......................................................................................................154
Peranan kewirausahaan dalam pengembangan usaha…………………………………………….154
Tahap-tahap pengembangan usaha………………………………………………………………..155
Mentalitas wirausahawan……………………………………………………………………….…156
Ciri-ciri wirausahawan yang berhasil……………………………………………………………..156

BAB VII Sudono…………………………………………………………………………………161

MENGEMBANGKAN USAHA KECIL DAN PERANAN KEWIRAUSAHAWAN…………...161
Usaha kecil dan kewirausahaan…………………………………………………………………...161
Teori-teori kewirausahaan…………………………………………………………………………163
Ciri-ciri wirausaha yang berhasil………………………………………………………………….164
Faktor-faktor kegagalan kegiatan seorang wirausaha……………………………………………..166
Daya cipta dan pembaruan dalam menciptakan produk…………………………………………..166
Perencanaan perusahaan…………………………………………………………………………...168

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