ALKENA
ALKENA CnH2n
1-Butene 1-Hexene
1-Pentene
1,3-Butadiene
3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene
2 2 1 1 0
C(6) - 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz
Hybridization
2 1 1 1 1
C(6) - 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz
H H 3 sp2
C C p-bond
H H
Three s-bonds
p-bond s-bonds – One C-C, two C-H bonds per carbon
atom
ikatan
s
H H
o
120 C C
H H
ikatan
p
Geometric isomers have R R R H
different chemical &
physical properties
H H H R
cis- trans-
H H H CH3
cis-2-butene trans-2-butene
TATA NAMA
• Rantai utama adalah rantai atom karbon
terpanjang yang mempunyai ikatan rangkap.
• Nama rantai utama sama dengan alkana,
akhiran - ana pada alkana diganti dengan -
ena untuk alkena dan - una untuk alkuna.
• Penomoran rantai utama dicari agar atom C
yang mengandung ikatan rangkap bernomor
kecil.
• Penamaan dan penomoran gugus cabang
sama dengan alkana
a. CH3 CH CH CH CH3
3,7-dichloro-(2Z , 5E)-2,5-octadiene
3,7-dichloro-(2Z, 5E)-octa-2,5-diene
Cl Br
F H
Cl > F Br > H
(Z)-2-Bromo-1-chloro-1-fluoroethene
H 3C H
Cl H
F Br F CH3
Cl > F Br > H F > CH3 CH3 > H
(E)-2-Bromo-1-chloro-1-fluoroethene (Z)-2-fluorobutene
SIFAT FISIK
• Sifat-sifat Fisik alkena dan alkuna mirip
dengan alkana
E+ C C + A B A C C B
H X
H C C X
Alkyl Halides
H OSO3H
H C C OSO3H
Alkyl hydrogen Sulfate
C C
H OH
H+ H C C OH
Alcohols
X X X C C X
Dihaloalkanes
Hydrogenation
Pt or Pd - catalyst
(“Reduction”) C H solvent, pressure
C H
C H C H
Pt - catalyst
solvent, pressure
C H H C H
2X
C H H C H
Example
Pt
ethanol, 1 atm
cyclohexene cyclohexane
OXIDATION OF ALKENES
1,2-Ethanediol
Oxidation = Reduction =
Loss of electrons Gain of electrons
Loss of Hydrogen Gain of Hydrogen
Gain of Oxygen Loss of Oxygen
units (100-1000000)
C C
H H H H n
propylene
Polypropylene
F F
F F n
C C C C
F F F F n
Tetrafluoroethene Teflon
H H
H H
C C n
H C C
H n
Styrene
Polystyrene
ALKUNA
08/04/2020
180o Linear Molecule
H C C H H3C C C H
Ethyne Propyne
(acetylene)
2 2 1 1 0
C(6) - 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz
Hybridization
2 1 1 1 1
C(6) - 1s , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz
Two s-bonds (C-H) and (C-C)
And Two p-bonds between C-C
per C atom
2sp 2p-bonds
REAKSI ALKUNA
Reduksi (reksi dengan H2)
CH3 CH3
CH3 C Pd/BaSO4
C CH3 + H H C C
H H
cis-2-butena
CH3 C Pt
C CH3 + 2H2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
REAKSI ADISI
H H
HC CH+ HCl C C
H Cl
vinil klorida
H
O
CH3C CH + H2O CH3C C H
H Struk. enol
O
CH3 C CH3
keton