Probability Theory

1. Some important terms in probability

1.1 Experiment:
A new course of action adopted without being sure of the event.
(Or)
An experiment is the process of making an observation or taking a measurement.
(Or)
An experiment is an operation which has some well defined results

Examples:
i) Appearing an examination is an experiment for a student.
Here the results may be pass or fail

ii) Doing an operation is an experiment for a doctor.

Here the results may be success or failure

1.2 Random Experiment:

Random experiments are those experiments whose results are depending upon some
chance.
(Or)
If in an experiment all the possible outcomes are known in advance and none of the
outcomes can be predicted with certainty, then such experiment is called a random
experiment.

The result of a random experiment is called an ‘outcome’

Examples: Tossing a coin
Throwing a die
Selecting a card from a pack of 52 cards
Selecting a ball from a bag containing one red ball and one blue ball.
1.3 Sample Space:

The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment is called a sample space. It is
denoted by ‘S’.
Note: Every individual random experiment has its own sample space

Examples:
1. If a coin is tossed once the possible outcomes are Head (H) or Tail (T)
Therefore the sample space of this experiment is S = {H, T}
Here size of S = 21 = 2

If a coin is tossed twice the possible outcomes are HH , HT,TH, TT

Therefore the sample space of this experiment is S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Here size of S = 22 = 4

If a coin is tossed thrice the possible outcomes are

HHH, HTH, THH, TTH, HHT, HTT, THT, TTT,
Therefore the sample space of this experiment is
S = {HHH, HTH, THH, TTH, HHT, HTT, THT, TTT}
Here size of S = 23 = 8
Note: If a coin is tossed n times, then the number of elements in the sample space is 2n.

4. If a die is thrown once the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Therefore the sample space of this experiment is S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Here size of S = 61 = 6

5. If a die is thrown twice the possible outcomes are

(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),
(3,6),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6),(5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6)(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),
(6,6)
Therefore the sample space of this experiment is
S={(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3), (3,4),
(3,5),(3,6),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6),(5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6),(6,1), (6,2), (6,3),
(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)}
Here size of S = 62 = 36
Note: If a die is tossed n times, then the number of elements in the sample space is 6n.

1.4 Event:
Any outcome of a random experiment is called an event. Events are generally denoted
by capital alphabets like A, B, C etc.
(Or)
Event is a subset of a sample space

Examples:

i) If a coin is tossed once the sample space is given by S = {H, T}

Now in this random experiment one can define events as below
i) Let A be the event defined as - Getting a Head
then A={H} which is subset of S.
ii) Let B be the event defined as - Getting a Tail
then B={T} which is subset of S.

ii) If a coin is tossed twice the sample space is given by S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Now in this random experiment one can define events as below
i) A-Getting one head i.e. A= {HT, TH}
ii)B- Getting exactly two heads i.e. B={HH}
iii) C – Getting at least one Tail i.e. C = {HT, TH, TT)

1.5 Sure event:

An event whose outcome is inevitable when a certain random experiment is performed is
called a certain event or sure event.

1.6 Impossible event:

An event which can never occur when a certain random experiment is performed is
called an impossible event.

Example:
In a toss of a balanced die the occurrence of any one of the numbers 1, 2,
3,4,5,6 is a sure event and occurrence of 8 is an impossible event.
1.7 Random event:
An event which may or may not occur while performing a certain random experiment is
known as a random experiment.

Example:
Occurrence of 2 in above example is a random event.

1.8 Mutually exclusive events:

Two events are said to be mutually exclusive or in compatible when both can not happen
simultaneously in a single trail or in other words the occurrence of any one of them
precludes(prevent or stop) the occurrence of other.

Examples:

1) If a single coin is tossed either head can appear or tail. But both can not appear
at a time.

2) A person may be either alive or dead at appoint of time. He cannot be both

alive as well as dead at the same time.

Symbolically we can write

“If A, B are two events and they are said to be mutually exclusive events if P
(A∩ B) =0”.

1.9 Independent and Dependent events:

Two or more events are said to be independent when the out come of one does not
effect and is not affected by other.

Example: If a coin is tossed twice, the result of the second throw would in no way
be affected by the result of the first throw.
Dependent events are those in which the occurrence or non occurrence of one event
affects the probability of other events in other trails.

Example: If a card is drawn from a pack of playing cards and is not replaced, this
will alter the probability that the second card drawn.

1.10 Equally likely events:

Events are said to be equally likely when one does not occur more often than the others.

1.11 Simple event and compound event:

In case of simple events we consider the probability of the happening or not happening
of single event.

Example: We might be interested in finding out the probability of drawing a red

ball from a bag containing 10 white and 6 red balls.

In case of compound events we consider the joint occurrence of two or more events.
 Example: If a bag contains 10 white and 6 red balls if two successive draws of 3
balls are made, we shall be finding out the probability of getting 3 white balls in
the first draw and three black balls in the second draw.

1.12 Exhaustive events:

Events are said to be exhaustive when their totality includes all the possible outcomes in
a random experiment.

Example: while tossing a die the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3,4,5,6 hence the
exhaustive number of cases is 6.

1.13 Complementary events:

Let there be two events A and B. A is called the complementary event of B if A and B are
mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
For example when a die is thrown occurrence of an even number 2, 4, 6 and odd number 1, 3,
5 are complementary events.

1.14 Equally likely events:

The events are said to be equally likely if they all have equal chance of occurrence. If there are
n events in an experiment then the occurrence of each event is 1/n.
Ex: If a fair coin is tossed once there is an equal

Exercise-I
1. Represent the sample space in
i) Tossing a coin once ii) Tossing a coin twice iii) Tossing a coin thrice
iv) Throwing a die once v) Throwing a die twice

2. There are 4 red and 3 black balls in a bag. If one ball is taken out of this bag at random,
then represent the sample space and the event of this ball being black.

3. If a coin is tossed until head appears, write the sample space.

4. A coin and a die are tossed simultaneously. Represent the sample space.

5. A coin is tossed. If it shows head, we draw a ball from a box which contains 3 red and 2
black balls. If it shows tail, we throw a die. Find the sample space for this experiment.

6. One ticket is drawn at random from a bag containing 30 tickets numbered 1 to 30.
Represent the sample space and the event of drawing a ticket containing number which
is multiple of 5.

7. A die is rolled. Let A be the event of getting an odd number and B be the event of getting
a number multiple of 3. List the sets representing
a)A∪B b) A∩B c) AC d)A-B

8. Two dice are thrown and the sum of the numbers appearing is noted. Consider the
following events.
A: event of getting an odd number
B: event of getting a sum less than 4
C: event of getting a sum less than or equal to 6
D: event of getting a sum greater than 10
 Which of these events are mutually exclusive?

9. Two dice are rolled. A is the event that the sum of the numbers shown on the two dice is
5, and B is the event that at least one of the dice shows up a 3. Are the two events
i) mutually exclusive
ii) exhaustive
iii)
10.A coin is tossed. If head appears, then a die is thrown. Write the sample space for this
experiment.

11. A box contains 1 blue and 3 white balls. Two balls are drawn in succession with out
replacement from the box. What is the sample space for this experiment?

12.A coin is tossed. If it shows a head, a die is thrown and if the die shows up an odd
number the die is thrown again. Describe the sample space.

13.A die is thrown repeatedly until a six comes up. Write the sample space.

14.A die is thrown twice; the numbers appearing on the top face are recorded. Describe the
events.
A: both the numbers are odd
B: both the numbers are even.
Describe A∪B and A∩B. Are two events mutually exclusive?

15.Two dice are thrown. The events A,B,C,D are as follows

A: getting an even number on the first die
B: getting an odd number on the first die
C: getting a sum of 2
D: getting an odd number on one of the dice
State whether the following statements are true or false
1) A is a simple event
2) C is a simple event
3) A and B are mutually exclusive events
4) AC and BC are mutually exclusive events
5) A= BC
6) A and B are exhaustive.

Probability of occurrence of an event:

The chances that a particular event will occur when we perform a particular
experiment is in technical language called the “Probability of occurrence of the event”.

Mathematical or Classical definition of probability.

Let S be the sample space and E be an event in the sample space S,

then the probability of occurrence of the event E is denoted by P(E) and is defined as

E Number of elements in E
P( E ) = =
S Number of elements in S
Number of cases favorable to event E
=
Total number of cases
and probability of non occurrence of event E is denoted by P (E ′) and is given by

E′ S −E E
P ( E ′) = = =1 − =1 − P ( E )
S S S

hence P( E ′) + P ( E ) = 1
Note: The classical definition of probability is valid only if the outcomes are equally likely and it can
not be used if the sample size is infinite.

Theorem-1: Probability of occurrence of an event is a number lying between 0 and 1.

Proof:
Let S be the sample space and E be any event in S
φ ⊆ E ⊆S
⇒φ ≤ E ≤ S
Then, φ E S
⇒ ≤ ≤
S S S
⇒0 ≤ P ( E ) ≤1
S
Note: 1) If S be the Sure event then P ( S ) = S =1
φ
2) If φ be the impossible event then P (φ) = S = 0
Modern definition of probability:
Let S be a finite sample space and A be any event. Then the probability of A denoted as
P (A) satisfies the following axioms.
i) 0≤ P(A) ≤ 1
ii) P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)
iii) P(S) =1, S is a sure event.
The probability of any event A is the sum of the probabilities of all elementary events.
Let A= {e1, e2,……….em}
where e1,e2,……….em are sample points the
A={e1}+{e2}+……….+{em}
And P(A) = P{e1}+P{e2}+……….+P{em}

Theorem-2: Addition theorem of probability

Statement: If A and B are two mutually inclusive events in a sample space ‘S’, then the
probability of occurrence of at least
one of the events A and B is given by
P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A∩B)
Proof:
From the Venn diagram we can know that A S
and B are mutually inclusive A B
Then, we have
A ∪B = A − B + A ∩B + B − A
= A − A ∩B + A ∩B + B − A ∩B
= A + B − A ∩B A-B B-A
A ∪B A B A ∩B
⇒ = + −
S S S S A∩ B
⇒ P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B )
Note:
1. If A and B are two mutually exclusive events, then A∩B = φ and hence P (A∩B) =0
There fore P (A∪B) =P (A) +P (B)
2. If A, B and C are three events then
P(A∪B∪C)=P(A)+P(B)+ P(C)-P(A∩B) -P(B∩C) -P(A∩C)+ P(A∩B∩C)

Theorem: 3
If A and B are two events and A ⊆ B
prove that S
i ) P ( B − A) = P ( B ) − P ( A)
ii ) P ( A) ≤ P ( B )
Proof:
i) from the Venn diagram A-B
B = ( B − A) ∪ A and
( B − A) ∩ A = φ
⇒B = B − A + A B
⇒B − A = B − A
⇒P ( B − A) = P ( B ) −P ( A) A
ii) if A ⊆ B
then A ≤B
⇒P ( A) ≤P ( B )

Theorem:4
Prove that P ( A ∪ B ) ≤ P ( A) + P ( B ) (Bool’s Inequality)
Proof:
From addition thermo of probability
We have P ( A ∪ B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) ……………….(1)
Again we know
P( A ∩ B) ≥ 0
⇒ −P ( A ∩ B ) ≤ 0
⇒ P ( A) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩B ) ≤ P ( A) + P ( B )
⇒ P ( A ∪B ) ≤ P ( A) + P ( B )
Similarly
P ( A ∪ B ∪C ) ≤ P ( A) + P ( B ) + P (C )

Exercise- II
1. If a Coin is tossed once. What is the probability of
i) getting a head ii) getting a tail
2. If a die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting
i) the number 6 ii) the number 2 iii) an even numberiv)an odd number
 v) a number less than 3 vi) a number multiple of 5 vii) a number divisible by 3
viii) a number greater than 4 ix) a prime number
3. If a coin is tossed twice, what is the probability of getting
i) one head and one tail ii)two heads iii) two tails iv) at least one hea
v) at most one tail vi) no heads
4. If a die is thrown twice, what is the probability of getting
i) a total score of 10 ii) a total score of 8iii) a total score of less than 5
iv) a total score of more than 7 v) a total score of at least three
vi) a total score of at most 10
5. Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the
dice is i) divisible by 3 ii) multiple of 4
6. Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability of getting
i) an odd sum ii) an even sum iii) sum less than equal to 6

iv) both odd digits v) both even digits vi) even number on the first die
vii) odd number on the second die viii) odd number on one of the dice

ix) 2 on either die x) the sum of at least 7 and multiple of 3

xi) a result in which first result is greater than second result

xii) first result is greater than second result by 3 xiii) a doublet
7. Three coins are tossed once. Find the probability of getting
i) exactly two heads ii) at least two tails iii) at least one head and one tail.

Conditional probability:
If A and B are two events associated with random experiment then the conditional probability
of A subject to B is the probability of occurrence of A under the condition that B has already
occurred and it denoted by P ( A / B ) and is defined as

P( A ∩ B)
P( A / B ) =
P( B)
where P ( B ) ≠ 0
similarly the probability of B subject to A is denoted by P ( B / A) and is defined as
P( A ∩ B)
P ( B / A) =
P ( A)
where P ( A) ≠ 0
Multiplication Theorem of Probability:
If A and B are two events associated with a random experiment then
P ( A ∩B ) = P ( A). P ( B / A), P ( A) ≠ 0
=P ( B ). P ( A / B ), P ( B ) ≠ 0
Proof:
From the definition of conditional probability we have

P( A ∩ B)
P( A / B ) = , where P ( B ) ≠ 0
P( B)

⇒P ( A ∩B ) = P ( B ). P ( A / B ),

also
 P( A ∩ B)
P( B / A) = , where P ( A) ≠ 0
P( A)
⇒P ( A ∩B ) = P ( A). P ( B / A)

Extension of multiplication theorem:

If A,B and C be the events related to a random experiment, then
P ( A ∩B ∩C ) = P ( A). P ( B / A). P (C / A ∩B )

Proof:
P ( A ∩ B ∩C ) = P ( D ∩C ) , where D = A ∩ B
= P ( D ) P (C / D )
= P ( A ∩ B ) P (C / A ∩ B )
= P ( A) P ( B / A) P (C / A ∩ B )

Independent Events:
Two events A and B are said to be independent if P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A) P ( B )
Note:
If A and B are two independent events then
P( A ∩ B)
P( A / B) =
P( B)
P( A) P ( B )
=
P( B)
= P ( A)
Similarly P ( B / A) = P ( B )
Theorem:
If A and B are Independent events then
i) A c and B are independent.
ii) A and B c are independent
iii) A c and B c are independent.
Proof:
Given that A and B are independent i.e.
P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A) P( B )
i) To show that A c and B are independent i.e P ( A c ∩ B ) = P ( A c ) P ( B )
P ( A c ∩ B ) = P[ B − ( A ∩ B ) ]
=P( B) − P( A ∩B)
= P ( B ) − P ( A) P ( B ) [ P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A) P ( B )]
= P ( B )[1 − P ( A)]
= P( B) P( A c )

Pair wise independence and Mutually independence:

If A, B and C are three events and they are said to be pair wise independent if the
P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A) P( B )
 P ( B ∩C ) = P ( B ) P (C )
P(C ∩ A) = P (C ) P ( A)
And mutually independent if
P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A) P( B )
P ( B ∩C ) = P ( B ) P (C )
P(C ∩ A) = P (C ) P ( A)
P ( A ∩ B ∩C ) = P ( A) P ( B ) P (C )

Baye’s Rule:
Suppose an event A can happen if one of the mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
B1 , B 2 ,......... .., Bk occurs , then the probability of happening of event Bi ,
i =1,2,3......., k given that ‘A’ has actually happened is defined as
P ( Bi ) P ( A / Bi )
P ( Bi / A) = k

∑ P( B ) P( A / B )
i −1
i i

Proof:
let B1 , B2 ,......... .., Bk are k mutually exclusive and exhaustive events and an
event A can occur after happening of one of the B1 , B2 ,......... .., Bk .
Now,
A can be defined as

A = ( A ∩ B1 ) ∪ ( A ∩ B2 ) ∪ ( A ∩ B3 ) ∪ .......... ∪ ( A ∩ Bk )
and
( A ∩ B1 ), ( A ∩ B2 ), ( A ∩ B3 ),........ .., ( A ∩ Bk ) are mutually exclusive
so
P( A) = P( A ∩ B1 ) + P ( A ∩ B2 ) + P ( A ∩ B3 ) + .......... + P ( A ∩ Bk )
k
= ∑ P ( A ∩ Bi )
i =1
k
= ∑ P( Bi ) P( A / Bi )
i =1

now the probability of Bi given that A has already occurred is

P ( Bi ∩ A)
P ( Bi / A) =
P ( A)
P ( Bi ) P ( A / Bi )
= k

∑ P( B ) P( A / B )
i −1
i i

PROBABILITY
PROBLEMS
1. A coin is tossed twice. Find the probability of getting
(i) exactly one head (ii) at least one head (iii) at most one head
2. A coin is tossed three twice. Find the probability of getting
(i) all heads (ii) at most 2 heads (iii) at least 2 heads
3. List all possible outcomes when a die is rolled twice (or a pair of dice is rolled once).
Then find the probability that
(i) sum of points is 10 (ii) sum of points is at least 10
(iii) sum of points is at most 10
4.A die is rolled twice. Find the probability that the result of the first roll exceeds the result of second roll by
(i) 3 (ii) at least 3 (iii) at most 3.
5. A card is selected from 100 cards numbered 1 to 100. If the card is selected at random, find the probability
that the number on the card is
(i) divisible by 5 (ii) divisible by 2
(iii) divisible by both 2 and 5 (iv) ) divisible by either 2 or 5
6. Eight persons stand in a line at random. What is the probability that two persons X and Y don’t stand
together.
7. If 8 persons are to sit around a table, What is the probability that two persons X and Y don’t sit together.
8. A die is rolled three times. Find the probability that the numbers obtained are in strictly
increasing order.
3 1 1
9. Let A & B be events with P( A) = , P( B ) = and P( A ∩ B ) = . Find
8 2 4
(i) P ( A ∪ B ) ( )
(ii) P A c and P B c ( ) (
(iii)P A c ∪ B c ) (iv)
P( A ∩ B )
c c
(v) P( A ∩ B c
)
(v) P( A ∩ B c )

1 3 1
10. Let A & B be events with P( A) = , P( A ∪ B ) = and P( A ∩ B ) = . Find
3 4 4
(i) P ( A) (ii) P( B ) ( )
( iii) P A ∩ B c ( )
( iv) P A ∪ B c
11.There are 20 defective bulbs in a box of 100 bulbs. If 10 bulbs are chosen at random, What is the
probability that (i) there are just 3 defective bulbs (ii) there are at least 3 defective bulbs.
12. 4 girls & 4 boys sit in a row. Find the probability that (i) the 4 girls are together (ii) the boys and girls sit
in a alternate seats.
13. A committee of 3 is to be chosen from among 10 people including X and Y. Find the probability that
(i) X is in the committee (ii) X or Y belongs to the committee
14. A class consists of 25 boys & 15 girls. If a committee of 6 is to be chosen at random, find the probability
that
(i) all members of the committee are girls
(ii) all members of the committee are boys
(iii) there are exactly 3 boys in the committee
(iv) there are exactly 3 girls in the committee
(v) there is at least one girl in the committee.
15. There are 120 students in a class who have opted for the following MIL. English 16,Oriya 70, Bengali 30.
If a student is chosen at random, find the probability that the student is studying.
(i) Bengali or English
(ii) neither Bengali nor English
17. Six dice are rolled. Find the probability that all six faces show different numbers.
18. There are 60 tickets in a bag numbered 1 through 60. If a ticket is picked at random, find the probability
that the number on it is divisible by 2 or 5 and is not divisible by any of the numbers 3,4,6.
19. Compute P( A∆B ) in term of P ( A), P( B ) and P ( A ∩ B ) where ( A∆B ) denotes the symmetric difference
of A and B.
20. Three volumes of a book and five volumes of another book are replaced at random on a book shelf. Find
the probability that all volumes of both the books will be found together.
21. A school has 6 classes 1,2,3,4,5 & 6. Classes 2,3,4,5 and 6 each have the same number of students, but
three are twice this number in class. If a student in selected at random from the school, what is
20. Three volumes of a book and five volumes of another book are replaced at random on a book shelf. Find
the
20. Three volumes of a book and five volumes of another book are replaced at random on a book shelf. Find
the probability that he(she) will be in (i) class 1 (ii) class 2 .
(i) Find the probability of each elementary event.
(ii) Find the probability of getting an even number in a single roll of the die.
(iii) Find the probability of getting an odd number in a single roll of the die.
(iv) Find the probability of getting a prime number in a single roll of the die.
21. Five boys and three girls are playing a chess tournament. All boys have the same probability p of winning
the tournament and the girls have the same probability p of winning. If p=2q, Find the probability that
(i) a boy wins the tournament
(ii) a girl wins the tournament
22.Two balls are drawn from a bag containing 5 white and 7 black balls. Find the probability of selecting 2
white balls if
(i) the first ball is replaced before drawing the second.
(ii) the first ball is not replaced before drawing the second.
23. A lot contains 15 items of which 5 are defective. If 3 items are drawn at random, find
the probability that (i) all three are defective (ii) none of the three is defective.Do this problem directly.
24. A pair of dice is thrown. Find the probability of getting a sum of at least 9 if 5 appears on at least one of
the dice.
25. A pair of dice is thrown. If the two numbers of appearing are different, . Find the probability that
(i) the sum of points is 8 (ii) the sum of points exceeds 8
(iii) 6 appears on one die
26. In a class 30% of the students fail in mathematics, 20% of the students fail in English & 10% fail in both.
A students is selected at random.
(i) If he has failed in English, what is the probability that he has failed in mathematics ?
(ii) If he has failed in mathematics, what is the probability that he has failed in English?
27. If A, B are two events such that P ( A) = 0.3, P ( B ) = 0.4, P ( A ∪ B ) = 0.6. Find
(i) P( A / B ) (ii) P ( B / A) (iii) P ( A / B c ) (iv) P ( B / A c )
28. If A, B are two events such that P( A) = 0.6, P( B ) = 0.4, P( A ∩ B ) = 0.2 Find
(i) P( A / B ) (ii) P ( B / A) (iii) P ( A / B c ) (iv) P ( B / A c )

29. If A, B are independent events, show that (i) A c & B c are independent
(ii) A & B c are independent (iii) A c & B are independent.
30. If P( A) = 0.4, P ( B ) = 0.3; and find P ( A ∪ B ) when A, B are independent.
31. If P( A) = 0.4, P ( B / A) = 0.3; and find P( B c / A c ) = 0.2. find
(i) P( A / B ) (ii ) P ( B / A)
c
(iii) P ( B) (iv) P( B ) (iv) P( A ∪ B )
32. Two cards are drawn in succession from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that both cards are of
denomination greater than 2 and less than 9 ?
33. A die is rolled until a 6 is obtained . What is the probability that
(i) you end up in the second roll.
 (ii) you end up in the third roll.
34. Given that all 3 faces are different in a throw of 3 dice, find the probability that
(i) at least one is a six (ii) the sum is 9.
1 1 1
35. Three persons hit a target with probabilities . & respectively. If each one shoots at the target once,
2 3 4
(i) find the probability that exactly one of them hits the target
(ii) if only one of them hits the target what is the probability that it was the first person ?

About Playing Cards

Heart (13 Cards) – A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J,Q, K

Red (26 Cards)
Diamond (13 Cards)- A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J,Q, K

Total cards (52)

Spade (13 Cards)- A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J,Q, K
Black- (26 Cards)
Club (13 Cards)- A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, J,Q, K

There are 13 Denominations each of with 4 suits i.e. 13 x 4 = 52 cards

A – Ace, 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J – Jack, Q- Queen, K- King

J, Q, K are called ‘Face Cards’

There are 4 Suits each of with 13 denominations i.e. 4 x 13 = 52 cards

Heart Club

Diamond Spade