COMMUNICABLE DISEASE: NERVOUS SYSTEM

Disease Causative Agent Mode of Transmission Incubation Period
Clostridium tetani *punctured wound
Tetanus *unsterile cutting of e cord
*dental extraction
FIND IN: manure,pasture
areas; rusty materials; plaster
of Paris
Rhabdovirus *bite of an infected animals
Rabies (dogs, cats, rats)
Pathogmnemonic Sign Diagnostic Test Treatment
3-21 days *Trismus (lock jaw) *culture test of bacteria DOC:
*opisthotomus(overarching of e back due to *CSF culture through lumbar tap *pen-G
stiffness) *Erythromycin
*seizure *Diazepam
*Mannitol
*Phenobarbital for active seizure
10-14 days (rarely *for humans: *presence of Negri bodies in brainf of Passive immunity: Rabies Ig
15 yrs) dogs Active immunity: Rabies Vaccine (Rabivar, Rabipur)
-prodromal/invasive phase: excessive salivation, *Diffuse Fluorescent Antibody
hyperexcitable due to ANS activation Test(DFA)/ Fluorescent Rabies Guidelines for Immunization
-excitement/neurologic phase: hydrophobia, Antibdoy Test (FRA) Rabies Ig:
aerophobia *look for site of bite
-terminal/paralytic phase: virus reached medulla; *wash c soap and running water
respiratory arrest; terminal fever *check for open wound
-on the wound if open
-if unopen:
--above torso: on the wound
--below torso; IM deltoid

Rabies Vaccine: 5 doses

*day 0, 3, 7, 14, 21
Neisseriae meningitides RESPI SECRETION *Spiking fever 40 C *lumbar tap DOC:
Meningitis / *nuchal rigidity *pen-G
cerebrospinal *meningeal reflexes *Rifampicin (prophylactic treatment)
fever *change in LOC (slow)

Legio debilitans Oral-fecal *anterior horn (spinal cord) *pandy’s test Vaccine: OPV
Poliomyelitis/ 1. Brunhilde- paralytic *asymmetric/unilateral permanent paralysis *throat swab Mgt:
infantile paralysis polio; Hoyne’s sx Foot board
(tripod positioning) Fluid
2. Lansing Apply warm packs on weakened mm
3. Leon Morphine (do not give)
Enteric precaution
Support

Compiled by: Zyrine Jhen A. Cortes BSN-IV

Lectured by: Diane Celeste B. Mananquil, RN
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Disease Causative Agent Mode of Transmission Incubation Period Pathogmnemonic Sign Diagnostic Test Treatment
Diphtheria Corynebacterium Respi secretion *grayish nodular growth: palatine area = *Schick’s test: susceptibility DOC: erythromycin-
diphtheria pseudomembrane *throat culture ototoxic drug (damage of CN 8)
Klebs-loeffler bacillus
Subtypes:
-cutaneous: PM+impetigo
-pharyngeal: PM+ pharyngeal inflammation
Bull’s neck appearance
-nasolaryngeal: PM+excoriation of e upper lip &
nares +serosannguinous exudates
Pertussis/ Pertussis bacilli: Respi secretion *paroxysmal cough *Throat culture DOC: erythromycin
Wooping Cough -Bordatella pertussis *fainting spells
-Haemophilus pertussis
Influenza A H5N1 (avian flu) Respi secretion 7-10 days *arthralgia/myalgia *throat culture DOC: osellamivir & zanamivir
H1N1 (swine flu) *malaise
Avian: poultry, eggs *catrrhal stage
Influenza B Swine; human to *low grade fever
(seasonal flu) human 3C- cough, cold, conjunctivitis
Mumps/ Epidemic Paramyxovirus Respi secretion CP: 48 hrs after *parotid gland swelling Vaccine: MMR
parotitis onset *ear pain Immunosin (booster)
*dysphagia
4 days after check *neck pain
for ORCHITIS *spiking fever
(swelling of testes) *prostration
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Respi secretion 5 Pillars of TB: Screening: exposure to TB RA 1135- TB pt. Should not be institutionalized (DOTS)
tuberculosis -wt. Loss *Purified Protein Derivative/ Mantoux Test
-anorexia Rifampicin: red orange urine
-night sweats -ID 48-72 hrs Isoniazid: neuritis; do not take pills
-low grade afternoon fever -check for presence of induration: Pyrazinamide: hyperuricemia
-hemoptysis 0-5mm = nega Ethambutol: eye problem
5-6mm= doubtful Streptomycin; damge to CN 8
6-10mm= positive
Category 1-2 mos 3mos 3-6
*steemedle test: m0s
I extrapulmonary RIPE RI
-6 ID ; 4 out of 6 (+) II noncompliance RIPES RIPE RIE
III newly dx mild TB RIP RI
Confirmatory:
*Sputum analysis/ *for 2 wks continuous tx, pt is not contagious.
Acid Fast Bacilli staining
*Chest X-ray
=TB=
-presence of bacteria in UPPER lobe
(cessation/nodules)
-blood tinge sputum
=Pneumonia=
-LOWER lobe @ parenchyma
-rusty color

Compiled by: Zyrine Jhen A. Cortes BSN-IV

Lectured by: Diane Celeste B. Mananquil, RN
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE: INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Disease Causative Agent Mode of Transmission Incubation Period Pathogmnemonic Sign Diagnostic Test Treatment
Leprosy/ Hansen’s Mycobacterium leprae No known but hypothesize 1-5 yrs Cardinal signs: SLIT SKIN SMEAR TEST RA 4073: Liberalization of Leprosy treatment
disease (Hansen’s bacillus) -respiratory secretion Peripheral nerve enlargement Biopsy if there’s lesion
-prolonged intimate skin to Postive SLIT SKIN SMEAR test DOC: Monotherapy: Dapsone
skin contact Loss of sensation
MDT/ Multi Drug Therapy (2 categories)
Early Signs
Change in skin color -Paucibacillary; inc. Infective dose
Hypoaesthesia( dec. Sensation) *6-12 mos
Anhydrosis *Dapsone+Rifampicin
Muscle Weakness 1st day: supervised
Painful nerves 2nd -30th day: dapsone only

Late Signs -Multibacillary; dec. Infective dose

Gynecomastia *Dapsone+Rifampicin+Clofazimin
Madarosis (loss of eyebrows) 1st day: all 3 drugs
Lagopthalmus (inability to close eyes) 2nd-30th day: Dapsone+Clofazimin
Autoamputation
Contractures Dapsone: Dermatitis
Leonine face Clofazimin; further skin discoloration
Chicken Pox Varicella Zoster (virus) Respiratory and direct CP: 1-2 days *vesiculopapularr lesions *complement fixation Acetaminophen/ Paracetamol for fever
contact *progresses in PROXIMODISTAL *hetrophil Agglutination test
*viral isolation *do not give ASA (aspirin) to all viral diseases which can
Stages: lead to fatty disposition to the liver or REYE’S
-macule SYNDROME.
-papular
-vesicular: c serious fluid DOC: Acyclovir (Zovirax) hazen the healing time

Problem: systemic itchiness (treat c

Calamine lotion, Colloidal bath, Zinc Oxide)
Herpes Zoster Varicella Zoster Respiratory and direct CP: 2wks from onset of *vesiculopapular rash ff. A LINEAR NERVE *complement fixation DOC: acyclovir (Zovirax)
(shingles) reactivated through: contact dse PATHWAY (localized) *hetrophil Agglutination test
-inc. 60 y.o. *viral isolation
-steroid therapy Problem: pain
-immunosuppress
2 warning sx:
Parethesia
Pruritus
Scarlet Fever/ GABHS Respi *strawberry tongue *culture test: confirmation DOC: erythromycin
Scarlatina Group A beta Hemolytic *circumpolar pallor *Dick’s test: immunity
Streptococcus * pastai;s sign: antecubital *Schultz-charlton test: sensitivity
*rash (CEPHALOCAUDAL)
*desquamation(convalescence stage)

SORETHROAT WITH A RASH!!!

Rubeola/ measles Morbilli paramyxoviridae Respi 7 day *maculopapular rash c desquamation *complement fixation No drugs
*enanthema: rupture inside KOPLIK’S *hetrophil Agglutination test Vaccine: MMR
CP: 4 day rule after onset *bluish gray lesions c ared base buccal *viral isolation
mucosa
Compiled by: Zyrine Jhen A. Cortes BSN-IV
Lectured by: Diane Celeste B. Mananquil, RN
Rubella/ German Togaviridae Respi 3 day *Polymorphous rah *complement fixation No drugs
Measles *enanthema: FORSCHEIMER’S SPOTS *hetrophil Agglutination test Vaccine: MMR
CP: 4 day rule after onset *red spots in soft palate *viral isolation
German measles virus can cross to the placenta can lead
to Congenital Rubella Syndrome (1st tri)
-microcephaly, MR, CHD, glaucoma

Cycle:
1st: catarrhal
2nd: fever
3rd: Psx
4th: rash
Roseola/baby HHSV type 6 Respi Mild preliminary *maculopapular rash s desquamation *complement fixation No drugs
measles *rash *hetrophil Agglutination test Vaccine: MMR
CP: 4 day rule after onset *viral isolation
Scabies Sarcoptes scabiei: parasite *multiple, wavy, linear, threadlike lesions Mineral oil test Scabicide:
*weeping itch *kwell/lindane
CI: lactating mothers, pregnant
*eurax/crotamiton
*permethrine (overnight for 5 consecutive nights)
Pediculosis Pediculosis humanis Close contact *itchiness Mits in the follicle DOC: kwell shampoo
(human mite) Personal article -regular shapoo then kwell
-capitis Home remedies; vinegar sol’n 1:2
-corporis
-pubis
Tinea/ Ring worm Dermatophyte: fungi *circumscribed/circular lesion c scaling & *culture Antifungal:
crusting patchy hairless *clinical picture Topical- ketoconazole, miconazole, cotrinazole,
giriseofulvin

Parenteral: amphotericin
Impetigo GABHS, staphylococcus *vesiculopapular lesion Culture test DOC: ertythromycin, penicillin
*thick, honey-comb crust

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE: CIRCULATORY DISEASE

Compiled by: Zyrine Jhen A. Cortes BSN-IV
Lectured by: Diane Celeste B. Mananquil, RN
 Disease Causative agent Incubation Period Vector Pathogmnemonic sign Diagnostic test Treatment
Malaria Plasmodium: protozoan 12-30 days Anopheles malariae FEVER: 6-8hrs every 2-3 days Malarial Blood Smear Test in Warm DOH PROGRAM: on stream seeding/fishing
-falciparum: worst *night biting Types: Stage
-malariae 3 stage 9pm-12mn *tertian: 1 day free of fever between *chloroquine: 2wks before going to a endemic area
-vivax Cold: chills *high flying paroxysms If pregnant and living in the malarial area, take
-ovale Warm: violent fever *clear, flowing water *quartan: 2 day free of fever between chloroquine always.
Wet: diaphoretic *strip dotted paroxysms *quinine: “cinchonism” neurologic toxicity
*primaquine, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine (2hrs before
Complications: taking quinine)
*coagulation defect
*liver & renal failure
*anemia
*shock
Dengue Fever Arbovirus/flavivirus Aedes aegypti: breed Classic dengue Screening: Medical:
Chikunguya/onyong- inside house *fresh whole blood transfusion
onyong virus -arthralgia/myalgia *Rumpel leads (tourniquet test) *platelet transfusion
DV types 1-4 Aedes albopictus: breed -biphasic Petechiae: NSG.:
outside -intermittent (3-7days) >15-20 (+) DF (-)DHF *observe and Hydrate
-+ tourniquet test 1:8:1 oresol (1L+8tsps sugar+1tsps salt)
*day biting - Herman’s Rash c generalized erythema; *platelet ct: Pedia: 75ml/kg
8am-12nn upper extremities <150,000 >100,000 =Classic Adult: 2-3L
3pm-5pm <150,000 <100,000= DHF
*low flying DOH: CLEAN
*clear, stagnant water *hct: increase Chemically treated mosquito nets
*stripped black *viral isolation Larvae eating fish
Env’t sanitation
Anti mosquito repellant
Natural mosquito repellent
Filariasis Blood helminths: Aedes poecillus Lymphangitis: swelling of lymphatic *Nocturia blood smear Palliative:
-Wuchereria bancrofti capillaries 8pm above *lymphanastosmosis
-Brugia malayi *dip stick/ immunochromatographic test *inversion of tunica vaginasis
-Brugia timori Lymphadenitis: lymph nodes
DOC: diethylcarbamazepine citrate (DEC)-
Complication: scrotal hydrocele Hetrazan, Beltrazan
Leptospirosis/ Mud Leptospira interrogans 2-3 days Rodents Orange eyes Culture (urine, CSF) Penicillin
Fever (bacteria) Doxycycline
9th-16th day: crucial period MOT: eating foods in Wt. Loss Jaundice
contact with feces or Anorexia Acholic stool
urine RUQ pain Bile colored urine
Malaise
Lyme’s Disease Borrelia burgdorferi Deer ticks Bull’s eyes rash Culture any form of broad spectrum antibiotic

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; GASTROINTESTINAL

Compiled by: Zyrine Jhen A. Cortes BSN-IV
Lectured by: Diane Celeste B. Mananquil, RN
 Scientific Name Psx MOT dx Tx (anti helminthics)
Roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides Passing out of worm; protuberant abdomen; colicky, abd’ pain 5fs Stool exam Mebendazole
Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis Nocturnalitchiness; constant picking of e anus Auto infxn Graham’s Test/ Scotch tape Method Albendazole
Tapeworm Taenia solium (pork)/ saginata (beef) Passing out of a segment of the worm Improper cooked foord Stool exam Piperazine
Whipworm Trichoris trichiora Rectal prolapsed 5fs Stool exam Pyrantel
Hookworm Ancylostoma duodenale IDA, long standing bleeding; paleness Barefoot/ 5fs Stool exam

Disease CA Psx Dx Tx

Food Posioning Staphylococcal: CHO rich n/v; diarrhea Culture of vomitus Give antitoxin: Trivalen
Gastric Lavage
Salmonella: CHON rich Greenish, foul smeeling stool Rehydrate patient

Botulism: damange Canned goods Nero signs: headaches, visual disturbances, projectile vomiting

Typhoid Fever Salmonella typhi Rose red spots in trunk of the patient Typhidot: antibody formed Fluid Replacemnt
Ladder like fever (peaks in the afternoon)
N/V, diarrhea Widal’s test DOC: Chlormphenicol
Splenomegaly
Schistosomiasis/snail fever/ Blood Flukes: Itchy red pustule/ “swimmer’s itch” Fecal exam DOC: Praziquantel (biltricide, Fuadin)
Katayama’s Dse Schistosoma japonicum COPT (Cerco-Ova Precipitin Test)
S. mansoni S. Japonicum: Praziquantel
S. haematobium
S. mansoni: Oxamniquine
Vector: Snail ( Oncomelania quadrasi)
S. haematobium: Metrifonate

Disease CA Px Dx Tx
Cholera/ El Bacteria: Vibrio Rice watery/ washerwoman’s stool; massive 3+ stool exam Boil h2o for 20mins
tor Dse comma, chlorae, El tor diarrhea
Antibiotic: tertracycline
Amoebiasis Protozoan: Tenesmos, mucoid diarrhea 3+ stool exam Boil h20 for 20 mins
Entamoeba histolytica Amoebic dysentery: blood in stool
Metronidazole

Hepatitis Dx TX
A Food and h20 Antigen-antibody screening Interferon-alpha 2b
B Blood borne/body fluid/STD
C Post transfusion HbSAg if reactive +
D Fulminant/ chronic Anti IgM HbC if reactive immune
E Food and h20
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE

STD CA PsX DX TX
Compiled by: Zyrine Jhen A. Cortes BSN-IV
Lectured by: Diane Celeste B. Mananquil, RN
AIDS (acquired Immune HIV/ retrovirus, lentivirus
Deficiency Syndrome)
3 ways:
Placental. Parenteral.
Person to person
Candidiasis Candida albicans
Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi
Syphilis Treponema pallidum
Major: fever, Wt. Loss, diarrhea Probable: CD4 Ct. DOC: Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
-Zidovudine (ZDV)
Minor: Screening test: ELISA -Azidothymidine (AZT)
Pruritic dermatitis (Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay)
Progressive dissmeninated herpes simplex *develop resistance in 6 mos
Oral thrush Confirmatory: Western-blot test *give in full stomach
Recurrent herpes zoster *CBC: leukopenia
Night sweats Adult:
Lymph adenopathy #1 PCP (Pneumocystis carnii Pneumonia
Chronic dry cough
Child:
#1 Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis
Cheese like vaginal d/c Culture Antifungal:
Mouth: thrush Nystatin
Vulva: moniliasis Amphotericene IV
Skin: onychomycosis
BUBO: start as inguinal ademitis, painful, draining Culture biopsy DOC: azithromycin
ChANCRE: painless, moist, non draining Venereal dse research Lab Slide test (VDRL) DOC: Benzathine Pen G

Stage:

Primary-infectious; curable (Chancre)

Secondary –infectious; curable
Psx: qlopecia areata & condylomata lata
Latency- non infectious; terminal asymptomatic
Tertiary- no infectious; terminal; GUMMA, necrotic
lesion
Genital Warts HPV Condylomata acuminate Biopsy; pap smear Crocautery- 7 days
(fibrious tissue overgrowth) Topical: podophyelum; Podofilux; imiquimod
Gonorrhea/ Great Scar Former Neisseria gonorrhoea Male: dysuria, greenish, mucopurelent d/s DOC: Ceftriaxone + Doxycyccline
Female: 80% aymptomatic
Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Serosanguinous d/c ELISA, culture Doxycycline
Herpes Simplex Fever blister Clinical picture Acyclovir
Type I Viral isolation
Vesiculopapular lesion *educate: limit emotional stress
Localized in oral mucosa or nares
Type II Genital herpes Same Same

Infectious Mononucleosis/ Kissing’s Dse Epstein-Barr virus Heterophil agglutination Test No drug

HEMATOLOGY:
Normal Value
Hgb Female: 12-16 mg/dl
Male: 13-18 mg/dl
RBC 4.5-6.2/ cu mm
Cholesterol < 200ng/dl
Compiled by: Zyrine Jhen A. Cortes BSN-IV
LDL <130 ng/dl
Lectured by: Diane Celeste B. Mananquil, RN
HDL >35 ng/dl
Glucose 70-110 mg/dl
BUN 5-20 mg/dl
Creatinine 0.5-1.5 mg/dl
 Anemia Definition Psx Mgt
Iodine Deficiency Anemia Dec. Fe common in pregnancy, infant, Pale; dec. Appetite, palpitation, easily fatigue Fe for 6mos.
adolescent
Pernicious Anemia Dec. Absorbtion of Vit. B12 Glossitis Check to Schilling’s Test;
(cyanocobalamia) absorption rate of Vit. B12
monthly; Vit b12 injection
Aplastic Anemia Bone marrow depression Inc. Risk for infxn Reverse isolation, check CBC
Give corticosteroids
Folic Acid Anemia < 4ng/mL Give folic acid for 6 mos
Leafy green & organ meat
Sickle Cell Anemia Crisis: vaso occulisve crisis Autosomal recessive d/o

Compiled by: Zyrine Jhen A. Cortes BSN-IV

Lectured by: Diane Celeste B. Mananquil, RN