Business Overview

BlackLight Power TM SM

A New Energy Source Based on a Breakthrough in Hydrogen

Chemistry with Paradigm-Shifting Applications

Microdistributed Power

Heating Motive Power

Lighting

Specialty Chemicals Central Power

Executive Summary
• BLP developed a novel atomic theory that led to the invention of
numerous technologies, including a new energy source

• Potential markets: heating, electrical power generation, motive

power, chemical, aerospace, defense, pharma, nanotechnology,
lasers, and lighting

• Patents issued in US and abroad

• Technology validated
• Proof of principle prototypes
• Business model is to license technology to leverage JV partner’s
development, manufacturing, distribution and marketing
 Validation
Patents Issued in US and Abroad

Validated by Leading Scientists and Engineers

Technical
>100 papers, >50 conference presentations
Spectral emission lines of lower-state atomic hydrogen, molecular hydrogen, hydrogen molecular ion and
hydride ion
Isolation of lower-energy-state molecular hydrogen
Compounds containing new states of hydrogen
Chemically generated or assisted plasmas, plasma afterglow, hydrogen line broadening, catalyst
emission, high optical output power, inverted hydrogen population
Calorimetry, water-bath measurements of significant net heat

Applications
– 1/20th scale power-source prototype
– Plasma dynamic plasma-to-electric converter device
– Bright light sources
– Laser media
– Chemical Compounds – Synthetic diamonds, silicon hydrides and many others

Highly predictive theory – application of Maxwell’s equations precisely predicts hundreds of

fundamental spectral observations in exact equations with no adjustable parameters, as well as
laboratory results of novel H reaction

Validations and Technical Due Diligence – underway with National labs, defense contractors,
electronics manufacturers, large conglomerates, multi-national energy companies and
others
 CQM Theory

• Theory predicts hundreds of accepted experimental

observations as described in NIST tables and the textbooks

• Theory and predictions successfully replicated by external

scientists in increasing numbers

• Theory applied to molecular modeling accurately predicts

the physical properties of molecules

• New states of hydrogen predicted by theory based on

classical laws of physics
Molecular Modeling
• Exact solutions of molecules using physical laws
achieved for the first time in history
• Exact solutions provide chemical and engineering
properties of molecules, materials
• Exact parameters using a simple boilerplate spreadsheet
compared to years of curve-fitting procedures requiring
supercomputers that only give approximate results
• To chemistry and pharma, the impact of exactly solving
molecules is equivalent to that of sequencing the human
genome to biology and medicine
Methane and Ammonia Solutions
Ethylene and Nitrogen Dioxide
Solutions
Butane and Benzene Solutions
BLP Process Technology
• BlackLight’s novel chemical process represents a new source
of energy with H2O as the source of hydrogen fuel

• Moreover, rather than air pollutants or radioactive waste,

novel hydride compounds with potential commercial
applications are the products

• The energy released is up to a thousand times that of burning

hydrogen and use in fuel cells

• Power density achieved matches the fire boxes of coal and

natural gas commercial power plants.
The BlackLight Process

To download and play the animation, click on the figure above

(broadband connection suggested)
 Power

• BLP demonstrates new energy and power source in

multiple systems.

• Bench scale prototypes running continuously for weeks

generate energy balances hundreds of times combustion
and continuous net power at power densities in excess
of hot boxes in commercial power plants.

• Mechanism to control reaction rates of chemical process

generating net power, (“BLP Process”), demonstrated.

• Numerous independent validators confirm BLP results.

Blacklight Power Generation Advantages

• Virtually No Fuel Costs

• Cost Competitive (Lower Capital and O&M Costs)

• No Fuel Handling Issues / No Pollution

• Load Following

• Power generation can occur near customers bypassing

transmission line costs and inefficiencies

• Valuable chemical products

 Unit Costs: BLP vs Competitors
Technology Average Power Fuel Fuel Mass Installed Fuel Cost
Type Generating Density Volumetric Energy Cost ($/kWh)
Capacity (W/cm3) Energy Density ($/kW)
(kW) Density (kWh/kg)
(kWh/gal)
BLP Energy 1000 0.2 23,000 6,000 250 0
Technology

PEM Fuel Cell 25 1 9 33 3,700** 0.095

Internal 100 40 33 12 1,000** 0.108

Combustion
Engine
Industrial Gas 1000 1 19 12 700 0.108
Turbine

Natural Gas 100 1 19 12 2,000 0.120

Microturbine
Photovoltaic 10 0.01* N/A N/A 7,000 0
Coal 400,000 0.3 N/A 8.3 1,400 0.045
Nuclear 600,000 2 N/A N/A 2,200 0.018

Source: Platts, EIA, *Watts per square centimeter **Current Cost of stationary distributed generation equipment
Chemically Generated RT Plasma

• Process generates: Plasma, light, heat, novel chemicals with a power

density of 0.1 W/cm3

• Process consumes: Hydrogen with energy balance of >100 times that of

combustion of H2

H. Conrads,
Conrads, R. Mills, Th. Wrubel,
Wrubel, “Emission in the Deep Vacuum Ultraviolet from a Plasma Formed by Incandescently
Heating Hydrogen Gas with Trace Amounts of Potassium Carbonate,”
Carbonate,” Plasma Sources Science and Technology,
Vol. 12, (2003), pp. 389-
389-395.

R. Mills, M. Nansteel,
Nansteel, and P. Ray, “Excessively Bright Hydrogen-
Hydrogen-Strontium Plasma Light Source Due to Energy
Resonance of Strontium with Hydrogen,”
Hydrogen,” J. of Plasma Physics, Vol. 69, (2003), pp. 131-
131-158. R. Mills and M.
Nansteel,
Nansteel, P. Ray, “Argon-
Argon-Hydrogen-
Hydrogen-Strontium Discharge Light Source,”
Source,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol.
30, No. 2, (2002), pp. 639-
639-653.
 Fuel

• BLP Process generates hundreds of times the energy of

combustion. Therefore, water can be the source of fuel.

• Heat from the BLP Process can be converted to

electricity with existing technologies.

• Resulting electricity can be utilized for any application,

powering the grid, or locally.
– Example: Fueling stations could utilize electric power to
electrolyze water to make hydrogen as fuel for automobiles.
Hydrogen Production as a Replacement
Fuel for Gasoline to Power the Internal
Combustion Engine

Distributed Generation (1
to 10 MWe)
• Power grid at the
substation level.
• Produce the fuel
equivalent of a gasoline
station
• Enable H2 fuel-cell
economy
H2 Gas Station source: Stuart Energy
Plant Process Diagram
Power Generation
System

Reactor
LP Turbine
Cooling
Tower
Recycled H2 Generator (1 of N)

HP Turbine
Vacuum Moisture
System Separator

Product Catalyst Heat Traced Condenser

Catalyst
Feed Line Cooling
Electric Heater Water Pumps
(Startup Heater) (1 of N)
First Stage Condensate
Dearating Pump(1 of N)
Feedwater
Feedwater
Catalyst Heater
Tank
Feed

Electrolyzer H2 Supply Plant Service

Electrically Heated Cooling System
Catalyst Evaporator
Boiler Feedwater
Purification System
Feedwater
Pump(1 of N)
Chemical Production System
 Economic Model of Fuel Production
from BlackLight Process
• Modeled Costs of H2 Plant account for
– Capital Costs
• Equipment, facility, start-up expenses, but neither working
capital, nor interest during construction
– Annual Operating Costs
• Feedstock, utilities, operation, maintenance,
administration….
– Assumed price $2.50 per kg
 Fuel Production Could be Highly
Profitable

Electrolysis Thermochemical
H2 Plant Component $/kW 250 268
Capital Cost $M 2.4 2.6
Operating Cost $k/year 143 338
MFG cost per kg H2 $/kg H2 0.32 0.63
Estimated annual profit $M 1.55 1.35
ROIC 91% 80%
 Light Application

• BlackLight Process generates optical power with

potential for commercial lighting applications

• BLP plasma produces over 1,000 times more light at 1%

the driving voltage when compared to a control plasma

R. Mills and M. Nansteel, P. Ray, “Argon-Hydrogen-Strontium Discharge Light

Source,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 30, No. 2, (2002), pp. 639-653.
 Potential Chemical and Process
Applications

• High voltage metal hydride batteries

• Synthetic thin-film and single crystal diamonds
R. L. Mills, J. Sankar, A. Voigt, J. He, B. Dhandapani, “Spectroscopic Characterization of the Atomic
Hydrogen Energies and Densities and Carbon Species During Helium-Hydrogen-Methane Plasma CVD
Synthesis of Diamond Films,” Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 15, (2003), pp. 1313-1321.

• H(1/p)-terminated silicon for chip fabrication and photovoltaics

R. L. Mills, B. Dhandapani, J. He, “Highly Stable Amorphous Silicon Hydride,” Solar Energy
Materials & Solar Cells, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 1-20.

• Metal hydrides as anticorrosive coatings

Lasers Application
 Potential Laser Applications

• Gas lasers, such as the carbon dioxide laser, are

extraordinarily efficient and powerful; thus, they are
ubiquitous in industry.
• Hydrogen can be made to emit laser light based on the
fact that it vibrates and rotates at many discrete
frequencies.
• The experimental isolation of lower-energy molecular
hydrogen and the demonstration of the existence of
excited vibration-rotational levels presents the possibility
of a laser using a transition from a high-energy
vibration-rotational level to another such intermediate
energy level.
 Potential BLP Laser Applications

• H2(1/p) enables laser at wavelengths from visible to soft X-ray

• VUV photolithography - An advantage exists to produce laser light at
much shorter wavelengths such as ultraviolet (UV) and extreme ultraviolet
(EUV) wavelengths. Such lasers have a significant application in
photolithography. It may be possible to increase the density of the
integrated circuit by at least a factor of 10 which would be
transformational in a trillion dollar annual hardware market.

• Blue Lasers
• Line-of-sight telecom
• Defense applications – water is transparent to blue
wavelength
• Submarine tracking and communications, undersea mine
detection, and undersea weapons targeting and
communications
 BLP Licensing Model
• BLP will form joint-ventures with each company
interested in developing, making, using or selling BLP
technology.

• BLP will provide a non-transferable, non-exclusive

license to make, use or sell the patented and patent-
pending technologies in any geographic market in
any product category.

• The license agreements will be offered for an annual

maintenance fee and a minority equity position in the
licensed, joint-venture company.
 BLP Licensing Model
• New patented technologies resulting from
development of commercial products or
processes by the joint venture will be the
property of the licensed joint-venture entity.

• New patented technologies developed by BLP

after the purchase of a license will be added to
the original license.

• Any transaction with an affiliate of licensee must

be on an arms-length basis.
 CONCLUSIONS
• Prediction of new energy source
based on lower-energy states of
hydrogen

• Confirmation by spectra, compounds,

and other observations

• Significant green power and chemical

applications
BlackLight Greater than Fire TM SM

PowerTM SM

493 Old Trenton Road

Cranbury, NJ 08512
Phone: 609-490-1090
Fax: 609-490-1066

www.blacklightpower.com