HST3000 ADSL Testing UserGuide RevA

Acterna HST-3000
ADSL Testing
User’s Guide
Acterna HST-3000
ADSL Testing
User’s Guide
Notice Every effort was made to ensure that the information in this
document was accurate at the time of printing. However, infor-
mation is subject to change without notice, and Acterna
reserves the right to provide an addendum to this document
with information not available at the time that this document
was created.
Copyright © Copyright 2005 Acterna, LLC. All rights reserved. Acterna,

Communications Test and Management Solutions, and its
logo are trademarks of Acterna, LLC. All other trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective
owners. No part of this guide may be reproduced or trans-
mitted electronically or otherwise without written permission of
the publisher.
Trademarks Acterna and HST-3000, are trademarks or registered trade-

marks of Acterna in the United States and/or other countries.
Specifications, terms, and conditions are subject to change

without notice. All trademarks and registered trademarks are
the property of their respective companies.
Ordering This guide is a product of Acterna's Technical Information

information Development Department, issued as part of the HST-3000.
The order number for a printed guide is ML-059401. The order
number for a CD-ROM containing all the HST-3000 user
documentation is CML-060301.
Federal This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
Communications limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the
Commission (FCC) FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
Notice protection against harmful interference in a residential instal-
lation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interfer-
ence will not occur in a particular installation.
ii HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Opera-
tion is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device
may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must
accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or

television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct
the interference by one or more of the following measures:
– Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

– Increase the separation between the equipment and
receiver.
– Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different
from that to which the receiver is connected.
– Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician
for help.
In order to maintain compliance with the limits of a Class B
digital device Acterna requires that quality interface cables be
used when connecting to this equipment. Any changes or
modifications not expressly approved by Acterna could void
the user's authority to operate the equipment.
Industry Canada This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian

Requirements ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la

norme NMB-003 du Canada.
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A iii

iv HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A
Contents
About This Guide ix

Purpose and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Technical assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
Chapter 1 Getting Started 1

About ADSL testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Quick tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Status LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Sealing current terminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A v

Contents
Chapter 2 ADSL Testing 7

Accessing the ADSL testing feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Testing in modem emulate mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Selecting modem emulate mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Setting test parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Setting general modem parameters . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Setting WAN parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Setting data parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Setting ping parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Setting PPP parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Setting trace route parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Setting FTP parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Connecting to the line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Testing the physical layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Testing line quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Performing a ping test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Releasing IP addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Testing in Ethernet TE mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Selecting Ethernet TE mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Setting LAN parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Testing in ADSL through mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Selecting through mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Setting LAN parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Setting WAN parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Testing in ADSL ATU-C mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Selecting an ATU-C mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Setting general modem parameters. . . . . . . . . . . .37
Setting upstream and downstream parameters . . .39
Finding disturbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
vi HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

Contents
Saving graphical results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Managing test configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Storing test configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Loading a configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Overwriting a configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Deleting a configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Chapter 3 Interpreting Test Results 49

About ADSL results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Summary results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Error results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Event log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Data errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
IP results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Ethernet results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Ping results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Trace route results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
ATM general results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
ATM OAM results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
ATM channel results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
FTP results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Performance results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Signal results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Identity results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Chapter 4 Troubleshooting 67
Interpreting messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Resolving problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Operating the unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Performing tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
General test problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
ADSL test problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A vii

Contents
Glossary 79
Index 85
viii HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

About This Guide
This chapter describes how to use this guide. Topics

discussed in this chapter include the following:
– “Purpose and scope” on page x

– “Assumptions” on page x
– “Terminology” on page x
– “HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide” on page xi
– “HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide” on page xi
– “Safety instructions” on page xi
– “Technical assistance” on page xii
– “Conventions” on page xiii
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A ix

About This Guide
Purpose and scope
Purpose and scope

The purpose of this guide is to help you successfully use the
features and capabilities of the Acterna HST-3000.
This guide includes task-based instructions that describe how

to configure, use, and troubleshoot the HST-3000’s ADSL
testing option.
Assumptions
This guide is intended for novice, intermediate, and experi-
enced users who want to use the HST-3000 effectively and
efficiently. We are assuming that you have basic computer
experience and are familiar with basic telecommunication
concepts, terminology, and safety.
Terminology
The following terms have a specific meaning when they are
used in this guide:
– HST-3000 — The HST-3000 family of products or the

combination of a base unit and a SIM.
– SIM — Service Interface Module. Referred to generically
as the module.
x HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

About This Guide
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide

The HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide is an application-
oriented user’s guide containing information about using the
HST-3000 ADSL testing option to perform test operations on
ADSL services. This includes an overview of testing features,
instructions for using the HST-3000 in ADSL modem emulate
mode, ADSL through mode, and Ethernet TE mode. This
guide also contains test result descriptions and contact infor-
mation for Acterna’s Technical Assistance Center (TAC).
This user’s guide should be used in conjunction with the

HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide.
HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide

The HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide contains overall infor-
mation relating to device and general functions such as using
the unit with a keyboard, peripheral support, battery charging,
saving and printing results, and managing files. This guide
also contains technical specifications for the base unit and a
description of Acterna’s warranty, services, and repair infor-
mation, including terms and conditions of the licensing agree-
ment.
Safety instructions
Safety instructions are contained in a separate document and
are provided in printed format with the product. Safety infor-
mation is also available in electronic form on the HST user
documentation CD-ROM.
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A xi

About This Guide
Technical assistance
Technical assistance
If you need assistance or have questions related to the use of
this product, call or e-mail Acterna’s Technical Assistance
Center (TAC) for customer support. Before contacting TAC,
you should have the serial numbers for your HST-3000 unit.
(see “Locating the serial number” in the HST-3000 Base Unit
User’s Guide).
Table 1 lists TAC information. For the latest TAC contact infor-
mation, go to www.acterna.com, or contact your local sales
office for assistance. For contact information for regional sales
offices, see the back cover of this guide.
Table 1 Technical assistance centers

Region Phone Number
Americas 1-866-ACTERNA (1-866-228-3762)

(except Brazil) 301-353-1550 tac@acterna.com
Brazil 0800-7015370
4617 3839
4617 3729
Europe, Africa, and +49 (0) 7121 86 1345 hotline.europe@acterna.com

Mid-East (Acterna Germany)
Asia and the Pacific +852 2892 0990

(Hong Kong)
+8610 6833 7477

(Beijing-China)
Southeast Asia, +60 3 2730 6333

Australia, and New (Kuala Lumpur)
Zealand
During off-hours, you can request assistance by doing one of

the following: leave a voice mail message at the Technical
Assistance number, e-mail the North American Technical
xii HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

About This Guide
Conventions
Assistance Center, tac@acterna.com, or submit your ques-

tion using our online Technical Assistance Request form at
www.acterna.com.
Conventions
This guide uses naming conventions and symbols, as
described in the following tables.
Table 2 Typographical conventions

Description Example
User interface actions and Press the OK key.

buttons or switches you have
to press appear in this type-
face.
Code and output messages All results okay

appear in this typeface.
Text you must type exactly as Type: a:\set.exe in the dia-

shown appears in this type- log box.
face.
Variables appear in this type- Type the new hostname.

face.
Book references appear in Refer to Newton’s Telecom

this typeface. Dictionary
Table 3 Keyboard/menu conventions

Description Example
A plus sign + indicates simul- Press Ctrl+s

taneous keystrokes.
A comma indicates consecu- Press Alt+f,s

tive key strokes.
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A xiii

About This Guide
Conventions
Table 3 Keyboard/menu conventions (Continued)

Description Example
A slanted bracket indicates On the menu bar, click

choosing a submenu from Start > Program Files.
menu.
Table 4 Symbol conventions
This symbol represents a general hazard.
This symbol represents a risk of electrical shock.
This symbol represents a risk of explosion
This symbol represents a Note indicating related informa-

tion or tip.
Table 5 Safety definitions

DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
xiv HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

Chapter 1 Getting Started
1
This chapter provides a general description of the HST-3000’s
optional ADSL testing features. Topics discussed in this
chapter include the following:
– “About ADSL testing” on page 2

– “Quick tour” on page 3
HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A 1

About ADSL testing
About ADSL testing

The HST-3000 ADSL testing feature uses modem emulation
(ATU-R, ATU-C) to turn up and troubleshoot ADSL services
as well as provide ATM statistics and analysis. The internet
protocol (IP) suite software allows IP/PPP troubleshooting.
The on-board web browser option validates an internet
connection.
The capabilities of the ADSL feature include the following:
– Variety of ADSL testing modes for service verification,

local loop testing, and network connectivity.
Mode Function
ADSL Modem Used to test basic ADSL physical

emulate mode layer rates, quality and line statis-
tics. Also used for testing the follow-
ing types of lines: IP over Ethernet,
IP over ATM, PPP over Ethernet,
and PPP over ATM.
ADSL Through Used for testing the following types

mode of lines: Bridged Ethernet, IP over
ATM, PPP over Ethernet, and PPP
over ATM.
ATM Loopback Used to loopback ATM cells.
Ethernet TE mode Used for testing IP over Ethernet

and PPP over Ethernet.
– Variety of line modulations:
Modulation Modem(s)
ANSI T1.413 DMT Full Rate ATU-R/C
ITU-T G.992.2 (G.Lite) ATU-R
ITU-T G.992.1 (G.DMT) Full Rate ATU-R/C

Annex A
2 HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

Quick tour
Modulation Modem(s)
ITU-T 992.1 (G.DMT) Full Rate ATU-R/C

Annex B
Multimode (Annex A) ATU-R
– Wide range of compatibility with industry standards

– On-board web browser for validating the customer’s
internet connection
– Trace route and FTP throughput capability
– Customer premise equipment emulation to turn up and
troubleshoot ADSL service, including Ethernet terminal
equipment (TE)
Quick tour
The following sections describe the HST’s LED status indica-
tors and connector applicable to ADSL.
Status LEDs These indicators report the status of the application. The func-
tion of each LED is described in Table 6.
Table 6 Status LEDs

LED Function
Sync A two-color LED that reports the status of

modem synchronization.
– Flashing green indicates that the modems
are training.
– Solid green indicates that the modems have
synchronized.
– Solid red indicates a synchronization error
has occurred.

Quick tour
Table 6 Status LEDs (Continued)

LED Function
Data A two-color LED that reports the status of the

data connection.
– Flashing green indicates that the data con-
nection is not yet established.
– Solid green indicates that a data connection
has been established with the network (so
that the HST-3000 may send and receive
data on the network).
– Solid red indicates that a data network con-
nection has not been established.
Error A two-color LED that reports modem error condi-

tions.
– Solid red indicates an error condition.
Alarm A two-color LED that indicates alarm condi-

tions.
– Solid red indicates an alarm condition.
Loopback A two-color LED that indicates a loopback

condition.
– Solid amber indicates that a local loop-
back has been achieved.
Battery Indicates the battery status. For more informa-
tion, see the HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide.

Quick tour
Connector The connector for ADSL is located on the right side of the SIM,
as shown in Figure 1.
base unit
SIM
ADSL connector
Figure 1 ADSL connector
Use the 8-pin modular jack (ADSL connector) for connection

to ADSL circuits. If in through mode, connect an Ethernet
cable to the Ethernet jack on the top panel.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Electrical shock may result in serious injury or death. Use
care when connecting to telecommunications circuits, to be
sure that you do not come in contact with exposed conduc-
tors or power mains. Connect TNV signals to TNV ports
only.
Sealing current The sealing current terminator, HST3000-SC, is an optional

terminator accessory available for DSL service. It is used when sealing
current or wetting current must be terminated. Typically this
occurs in an all-digital environment, but is not typical in DSL
since the equipment (NT1 or telephone) provides termination.
The LED on the module indicates presence of sealing current.

Place the module in-line, using the provided test cable.

Quick tour
The module is designed to terminate voltages under 80 volts,

anything over 80V may make the module act erratic (LED
flicker, go dim, etc.)
NOTE:
It is not recommended leaving the sealing current termina-
tor on the line in the presence of a repeater because the
module oscillates and could cause signal integrity issues
effecting HST test results.
CAUTION: DAMAGE TO MODULE

Placing the sealing current terminator on a line with voltage
over 150 volts may damage the unit.

Chapter 2 ADSL Testing
2
This chapter provides task-based instructions for using the
optional HST-3000 ADSL testing features. Topics discussed
in this chapter include the following:
– “Accessing the ADSL testing feature” on page 8

– “Testing in modem emulate mode” on page 9
– “Testing in Ethernet TE mode” on page 25
– “Testing in ADSL through mode” on page 30
– “Testing in ADSL ATU-C mode” on page 36
– “Finding disturbers” on page 43
– “Saving graphical results” on page 45
– “Managing test configurations” on page 46

Accessing the ADSL testing feature
Accessing the ADSL testing feature

Depending on the ADSL testing option you purchased, either
Annex A or Annex B test modes will be available.
Annex A test modes include the following:
– ATU-R Annex A Emulate

– ATU-R Annex A Through
– ATU-C Annex A Emulate
– ATU-C Annex A Through
Annex B test modes include the following:
– ATU-R Annex B Emulate

– ATU-R Annex B Through
– ATU-C Annex B Emulate
– ATU-C Annex B Through
NOTE:
Annex A refers to ADSL operating over POTS signals, the
majority of ADSL circuits globally. Annex B refers to ADSL
signals operating over ISDN signals on the same loop.
Annex B circuits are used almost exclusively in Western
Europe.
The following procedure describes how to access the ADSL

testing feature.
You can access Ethernet terminal equipment (TE) mode by

pressing the Ethernet soft key (see “Testing in Ethernet TE
mode” on page 25).
To access the ADSL testing feature

1 Press the Home navigation key.
2 Press the ADSL soft key.

Testing in modem emulate mode
The ADSL Measurements menu appears. The screen

example below shows Annex B test mode options. Annex
A options are also available.
The following sections describe how to perform tests in

the following modes: Emulate, Through, and Ethernet TE.

In modem emulate mode, the HST-3000 terminates the line
instead of the CPE. Depending upon the ADSL option you
purchased, the HST-3000 can emulate an Annex A or
Annex B modem.
The modem emulation test involves the following steps:
– selecting ATU-R modem emulate mode

– setting test parameters
– connecting to the line
– performing the tests

Selecting The first step for the test is to select modem emulate mode.
modem emulate
mode To select modem emulate mode
1 Access the ADSL testing options (see page 8).
2 Select a modem emulate mode.
Depending on the ADSL test option you purchased, you
will be able to select one of the following:
– ATU-R Annex A Emulate
– ATU-R Annex B Emulate
After a few seconds the ADSL Summary statistics menu
appears. The unit is now in modem emulate mode.
3 Proceed to “Setting test parameters” on page 10.
Setting test Before you begin testing, make sure the test parameters on
parameters the HST-3000 match the parameters of the line you are
testing. To set the parameters on the HST-3000, see the
following sections.
Setting general The procedure in this section describes how to set the general
modem modem parameters. These parameters vary depending on
parameters whether you have an Annex A or Annex B modem. You can
restore the default parameters, or you can specify the indi-
vidual settings.
The default modem parameters for Annex A are as follows:
– Standard — T1.413
– Auto Sync — On
– Trellis Coding — On
– Echo Cancellation — Off

The default modem parameters for Annex B are as follows:
– Standard — G.DMT
To restore default modem parameters

1 Press the Configure navigation key.
The parameter soft keys appear.
2 Press the GENERAL soft key. You may need to use the
left or right arrow buttons to find the General soft key.
The ADSL General Settings menu appears.
3 Select Restore Defaults.

4 At the restore defaults prompt, press the OK.
The default modem parameters are set.

The following procedure describes how to set individual

modem parameters.
To set the general modem parameters

left or right arrow button to find the General soft key.
2 To configure the line modulation standard, select

Standard, and then specify the ADSL line modulation
standard in use:
– For Annex A, the line modulation options are as
follows: T1.413, G.DMT, G.Lite, CAP, or Multimode.
Multimode will automatically pick T1.413, G.DMT, or
G.Lite (not CAP).
– For Annex B, the only line modulation option is G.DMT.
3 Select Auto Sync, and then select either On or Off.
This parameter specifies whether the HST-3000 will auto-
matically attempt to re-sync with the DSLAM if the
connection drops.
4 If the line modulation standard is G.Lite, the Fast Retrain
option appears. Select Fast Retrain, and then select
either On or Off.

This parameter specifies whether the HST-3000 attempts

to reconnect at the same speed (ON) or fully initiate the
line and retrain (OFF).
5 Select Coding Gain, and then select either On or Off.
This parameter selects whether Coding Gain is included
in the calculation of the Noise Margin result.
6 Select Echo Cancellation, and then select either On or
Off.
Echo cancellation is a special ADSL mode in which UP
and DOWN bands overlap to provide higher data rates.
Select this only if you know it is required.
7 Select Power Cutback, and then select either Off or
1 - 12dB.
Power cutback allows you to reduce the local tx power.
This can reduce the level of NEX T (near-end cross talk)
as well as lowering the overall power consumption of the
HST-3000.
8 Select Event Log Size, and then specify the size of the
event log. The size options are as follows: 100, 200, 300,
400, 500.
The general modem parameters are set.
Setting WAN The following procedure describes how to set the wide area
parameters network (WAN) parameters. The WAN interface is the DSL
connection to tip and ring.
To set the WAN parameters

1 Press the WAN soft key.

The WAN Settings menu appears.
2 Select IP Mode to set the IP mode to either static or

dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP).
3 Select IP Address, and then enter the IP address.
4 Select Net Mask, and then enter the net mask.
5 Select Gateway, and then enter the gateway address.
6 Select DNS, and then enter the address of the domain
name server.
7 Select Which MAC, and then select either User Defined
or Factory Default.
For most situations, the factory default is acceptable and
should be used.
8 If you selected User Defined in step 7, select MAC
Address, and then enter the address for the MAC.
The WAN parameters are set.
Setting data The following procedure describes how to set the data param-
parameters eters.
To set the data parameters

1 Press the DATA soft key.

The Data Settings menu appears.
2 Select Data Mode, and then specify the type of line you
are testing:
If testing this type of line... Press...
No data The 1 key
IP over Ethernet The 2 key
IP over ATM The 3 key
PPP over ATM The 4 key
PPP over Ethernet The 5 key
ATM loopback The 6 key
3 Select VPI, and then set the virtual path indicator (VPI).

4 Select VCI, and then set the virtual channel indicator

(VCI).
NOTE:
To use ping, trace route, FTP, or the web browser, the data
configuration must be set correctly. The VPI and VCI set-
tings must match the customer-facing settings for the ADSL
ports on the DSLAM. You do not have to configure the VPI,
VCI, Encapsulation, or other data parameters to synchro-
nize with the DSLAM.
Be sure to check these settings before you proceed with
testing. Check the trouble ticket or call your help desk for
assistance.
5 Select Encapsulation, and then specify the appropriate

setting.
The data parameters are set.
Setting ping The following procedure describes how to set the ping param-
parameters eters.
To set the ping parameters

1 Press the PING soft key.
The Ping Settings menu appears.

2 Select Address Type, then select either IP Address or

DNS Name (domain name server name).
IP Address uses the numeric address, DNS Name uses
the domain name, such as www.acterna.com
Acterna recommend using the IP address or Domain
Name Services (DNS) name of the ISP gateway of the
customer's service provider. It is also possible to ping any
internet address or the network Broadband Remote
Access Server (BRAS).
4 Select DNS Name, and then enter the DNS name.
5 Select Number Pings, and then set the number of pings
to send before stopping.
6 Select Pings/second, and then set the number of pings
per second.
7 Select Packet size, and then set the packet size.
The default is 16. Change this only if needed.
The ping parameters are set.
Setting PPP The following procedure describes how to set the point-to-
parameters point protocol (PPP) parameters.
To set the PPP parameters

1 Press the PPP soft key.

The PPP Settings menu appears.
2 Select PPP Mode, and then select either Client or

Server.
Client is normally used. Use Server only when you have
an ATU-C. This feature allows a remote ATU-R to estab-
lish a PPP session with the HST-3000.
3 Select User Name, and then enter a valid user name.
This must be a valid user account with an ISP.
4 Select Use Provider, and then select either Yes or No.
This option indicates whether to append the user name
with the service provider domain name (for example,
earthlink.net). Select Yes only if usernames for the ISP
must include the domain name as part of the username.
This setting automatically appends the @ sign for you.
5 Select Provider, and then enter the provider name.
This is required if you selected Yes for “Use Provider.”
6 Select Password, and then enter the user password.
This must be a valid password that matches the user
name above. Passwords are often case-sensitive.
The PPP parameters are set.

Setting trace route The following procedure describes how to set the trace route
parameters parameters. For all modes except TE mode, the WAN inter-
face is the DSL connection to tip and ring.
To set the trace route parameters

1 Press the Trace Route soft key. You may need to use the
left or right arrow key to find the TRACERT soft key.
The Trace Route Settings menu appears.
2 Select Address Type, and then select either IP address

or DNS Name (domain name server name).
4 Select DNS Name, and then enter the DNS name.
5 Select Packet Type, and then set the packet type to one
of the following:
– ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
– UDP (User Datagram Packet).
6 Select DNS Lookup, and then indicate whether you want
to lookup names for hops.
The trace route parameters are set.

Setting FTP The following procedure describes how to configure FTP

parameters (throughput) parameters.
To set FTP parameters

1 Press the FTP soft key. You may need to use the left or
right arrow key to find the FTP soft key.
The FTP Settings menu appears.
2 Press the 1 key, and then enter a user name. Use the up
and down arrows to indicate a letter or number, or use the
keyboard keys.
3 Press the OK key to accept the changes.
4 Press the 2 key, and then enter a password. Use the up
and down arrows to indicate a letter or number, or use the
keyboard keys.
5 Press the 3 key, and then indicate whether you want to
download or upload.
6 Press the 4 key, and then indicate the upload file size.
7 Press the 5 key, and then specify the upload content,
either Pseudo-random or Fixed Pattern - AA55.
The thruput parameters are set.

Connecting to After setting the test parameters, you can connect to the line.
the line
To connect to the line
1 Connect one end of the test cable to the jack on the side
of the module.
2 Connect the other end of the cable using one of the
following methods:
– If connecting to the NID, plug the cable into the
modular connector on the NID, or use clip leads to
clamp pins 4 and 5 as shown below.
N
E
4 T
5 NID W
ADSL
Line O
port Line
R
K
– If connecting behind a full-rate splitter, use a cable that

will connect the ADSL signal on pins 2 and 5 to pins 4
and 5 on the HST-3000 as shown below.
POTS
Line 3 N
E
4
SPLITTER T
4 2 W
O
5 ADSL 5 R
Line
port Line K
The test leads are connected.

Testing the You can use the HST-3000 to test the physical layer of the
physical layer ADSL link. The following procedure describes the basic test
for the ADSL link.
To perform a basic ADSL link test

– Connect to the line and allow the unit to train on the line.
If the unit achieves sync at the desired data rates, noise
margins, and attenuation, the ADSL link is good.
Testing line Once connected to the line, the HST-3000 gathers statistics
quality for the line. These statistics are used to determine the line
quality.
To test line quality

1 Connect to the line.
The modem begins to train on the line automatically.
When it reaches show time, the HST-3000 begins gath-
ering statistics.
2 Press the DSL Stop soft key to stop the modem.

All DSL results will remain in view until the modem is
started again or another test is selected.
3 Press the Results soft key to clear the results or save
them to a text file.

For more information on saving results and managing the

files, see the Acterna HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide.
4 Press the Display soft key to view different types of statis-
tics.
See “About ADSL results” on page 50 for information on
interpreting the results.
Testing line quality is complete.
Performing a The following procedure describes how to perform a ping test.

ping test The ping test sends a ping packet through the modem to an
IP address or DNS name (could be a network switch or web
address) to test for connectivity.
NOTE:
You can also check connectivity using the web browser.
See “Web browser” in the base manual for more informa-
tion.
The ping feature is available when the data mode is set to one
of the following:
– IP over Ethernet (IPoE)

– IP over ATM (IPoA)
The following procedure describes how to perform a ping test.
To perform a ping test

1 Locate the Actions soft key.
If you do not see the Actions soft key, do the following:
a Check the Data LED.
The Data LED must be green in order to use the
Actions softkey. If the Data LED is red, the network
connection is not properly established.
b Press the Configure navigation key and make sure all
parameter settings are correct for the circuit.

c Press the Home navigation key.

d Press the Display soft key, and then select Data - IP.
See if there are any error messages.
e locate the Actions soft key.
2 Press the Actions soft key.
3 Select a ping method:
– Ping Once sends a single ping to the network.
– Start Ping consecutively sends multiple pings to the
network, up to the number of pings configured.
4 Press the Results soft key to clear or save the results.
The test is complete.
Releasing IP The HST allows you to release allocated IP addresses, so

addresses they can be used in other applications. The IP release feature
is available when the data mode is set to one of the following:
– IP over Ethernet (IPoE)

– PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
– PPP over ATM (PPPoA)
For instructions setting the data mode, see “Setting data
parameters” on page 14.
The following procedure describes how to release IP

addresses.
To release IP addresses
2 Connect the HST to the line. See “Connecting to the line”
on page 27.
3 Press the Display soft key.
4 Press the 4 key to select IP Results.

Testing in Ethernet TE mode
The IP results window appears.

5 Press the Actions soft key.
6 Select either Log-Off or IP-Release.
The Log-Off and IP-Release options are only available
when you viewing the IP results window.
The IP address is now available for use in other applica-
tions.

In Ethernet TE mode, you can use the HST-3000 to emulate
Ethernet terminal equipment. You can connect to an Ethernet
LAN or to the Ethernet port on the customer modem. You can
then use trace route, FTP, the web browser, or IP Ping to test
for connectivity.
You can also ping through the modem to a network switch or

web address to test for connectivity.
The Ethernet TE test involves the following steps:
– selecting Ethernet TE mode

Selecting The first step for the test is to select Ethernet terminal equip-
Ethernet TE ment (TE) mode.
mode
To select Ethernet TE mode
2 Press the ETHERNET soft key.

3 Select Ethernet TE.

The Ethernet TE Summary appears.
parameters the HST-3000 match the parameters of the line that you are
testing. The following parameters must be set on the HST:
– Data parameters (see “Setting data parameters” on

page 14)
– Ping parameters (see “Setting ping parameters” on
page 16)
– PPP parameters (see “Setting PPP parameters” on
page 17)
– LAN parameters (see “Setting LAN parameters” on
page 26)
Setting LAN The available parameter options will vary depending on the
parameters selected mode. The following procedure describes how to set
the LAN parameters.
To set the LAN parameters

1 Press the LAN soft key.

The LAN Settings menu appears.
2 Select IP Mode, then select either Static or DHCP

(dynamic host configuration protocol).
3 Select IP Address, then enter the IP address.
4 Select Net Mask, then enter the net mask.
5 Select Gateway, then enter the gateway address.
6 Select DNS, then enter the address of the DNS server.
7 Select Which MAC, then specify either User Defined or
Factory Default.
8 If the Which MAC parameter is set to User Defined, select
MAC Address, then enter the appropriate address.
9 Select Media Type, then select the media type.
10 Select VLAN, then set it to On or Off.
The LAN parameters are set.
the line


1 Connect the cross-over Ethernet cable to the HST’s
Ethernet port on the top panel as shown below.
Ethernet port
N
E
T
W
O
R Modem
K
The Ethernet port is pinned-out like a typical Ethernet

network adaptor or NIC, so you should use a straight
cable if connecting to a hub, switch, or router.
2 Connect the other end of the cable to the LAN or modem
Ethernet port.
After connecting the correct Ethernet cable, the Data LED
will illuminate green and the link light will glow, indicating
a good network connection exists.
quality.



tics.
Performing a You can do a ping test to test for connectivity. See “Performing
ping test a ping test” on page 23 for more information.
You can also test for connectivity using trace route, FTP
through-put, or the web browser. Make sure the Data LED is
illuminated green before you test for connectivity.

Testing in ADSL through mode

In through mode, the HST-3000 replaces the customer’s
ADSL modem to help sectionalize troubles. Depending on the
ADSL test option you purchased, you can perform Annex A
and Annex B through mode testing.
Through mode testing involves the following steps:
– selecting through mode

Selecting The first step for the test is to select through mode.
through mode
To select through mode
1 Access the ADSL testing feature (see page 8).
2 Select a through mode.
Depending on the ADSL test option you purchased, you
will be able to select one of the following through modes:
– ATU-R Annex A Through
– ATU-R Annex B Through.
After a few seconds the ADSL Summary statistics menu
appears. The unit is now in through mode.
Setting test Before you begin testing, make sure that the test parameters
parameters on the HST-3000 match the parameters of the line you are
testing. The following parameters must be set:
– General modem parameters (see “Setting test parame-

ters” on page 10)


page 14)
– Ping parameters (see “Setting ping parameters” on
page 16)
– PPP parameters (see “Setting PPP parameters” on
page 17)
– FTP parameters “Setting FTP parameters” on page 20.
– LAN parameters (see “Setting LAN parameters” on
page 31)
– WAN parameters (see “Setting WAN parameters” on
page 32)
Setting LAN The following procedure describes how to set the LAN param-
parameters eters.
To set the LAN parameters

1 Press the LAN soft key.
The LAN Settings menu appears.
2 Select NAT to enable or disable network address transla-

tion (NAT) as appropriate.
Use this when the customer CPE modem/router assigns
private IP addresses.

3 Select Server IP, then enter the tester’s LAN server IP

address.
4 Select Net Mask, then enter the LAN net mask address.
5 Select DHCP Server to enable or disable the tester’s
DHCP server.
Enable the DHCP server when the customer’s CPE is
configured to receive an IP address automatically.
6 If DHCP Server is enabled, perform the following steps:
a Enter the starting IP address for the tester’s DHCP
server.
b Enter the pool size.
This is how many IP addresses the tester’s DHCP
server may assign to other computers.
7 Select Media Type, then select the media type.
The LAN parameters are set.
Setting WAN The following procedure describes how to set the wide area
parameters network (WAN) parameters. The WAN interface is the DSL
connection to tip and ring.
To set the WAN parameters

1 Press the WAN soft key.

The WAN Settings menu appears.
2 Select IP Mode, then select either Static or DHCP

(dynamic host configuration protocol).
3 Select IP Address, then enter the IP address.
4 Select Net Mask, then enter the net mask address.
5 Select Gateway, then enter the gateway address.
6 Select DNS, then enter the address of the DNS server.
7 Select Which MAC, then specify either User Defined or
Factory Default.
8 If the Which MAC parameter is set to User Defined, select
MAC Address, then enter the appropriate address.
The WAN parameters are set.
the line
1 Connect one end of the test cable to the 8-pin jack on the
right-hand side of the HST-3000.

2 Connect the other end of the cable to Tip and Ring using
either the modular jack or clip leads.
Ethernet port
NID
Line
port or
Wall
jack
3 Connect to the CPE:

a Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the Ethernet
jack on the top of the HST-3000.
b Connect the other end of the cable to the PC, hub, or
router.
Use a shielded crossover cable if you are connecting to
a PC. Use a straight cable if you are connecting to a
hub or router.
quality.



When it reaches show time, the HST-3000 begins gath-
ering statistics.

tics.
Performing a Perform a ping test to test for connectivity. See “Performing a

ping test ping test” on page 23 for more information.
You can also test for connectivity using trace route, FTP
through-put, or the web browser. Make sure the Data LED is
illuminated green before you test for connectivity.

Testing in ADSL ATU-C mode

The HST-3000 can emulate an ADSL ATU-C or operate in
ATU-C through mode to help sectionalize troubles.
Using this mode involves the following steps:
– selecting an ATU-C mode

Selecting an The first step for the test is to select an ATU-C mode.
ATU-C mode
To select an ATU-C mode
1 Access the ADSL testing feature (see page 8).
2 From the ADSL Measurements menu, select one of the
following options:
– ADSL ATU-C Emulate
– ADSL ATU-C Through
The Summary statistics menu appears.
parameters the HST-3000 match the parameters of the line you are
testing. The following parameters can be changed:
– General modem parameters (see “Setting general modem

parameters” on page 37).
page 14).
– Upstream and downstream parameters (see “Setting
upstream and downstream parameters” on page 39).

Setting general The procedure in this section describes how to set the general
modem modem parameters. These parameters vary depending on
parameters whether you have an Annex A or Annex B modem. You can
restore the default parameters, or you can specify the indi-
vidual settings.
The default modem parameters for Annex A are as follows:
– Standard — T1.413
– CO Bit Rate Mode — Adaptive
The default modem parameters for Annex B are as follows:
– Standard — G.DMT
– CO Bit Rate Mode — Adaptive
To restore default modem parameters

The parameter soft keys appear.
left or right arrow buttons to find the General soft key.
The General Settings menu appears
3 Select Restore Defaults.
4 At the restore defaults prompt, press the OK.
The default modem parameters are set.
The following procedure describes how to set individual

modem parameters.

To set the general modem parameters

left or right arrow button to find the General soft key.
2 Select Standard, and then specify the ADSL line modula-
tion standard in use.
The options for Annex A line modulation are as follows:
T1.413, G.DMT, G.Lite, CAP, or Multimode.
Multimode will automatically pick either T1.413, G.DMT, or
G.Lite (not CAP).
The options for Annex B line modulation are as follows:
G.DMT, ADI, TI, Alcatel, or Alcatel 4.1.
3 Select Auto Sync, and then select either On or Off.
This parameter specifies whether the HST-3000 will auto-
matically attempt to re-sync with the DSLAM if the
connection drops.
4 If the line modulation standard is G.Lite (, the Fast Retrain
option appears. Select Fast Retrain, and then select
either On or Off.
This parameter specifies whether the HST-3000 attempts
to reconnect at the same speed (ON) or fully initiate the
line and retrain (OFF).
5 Select Trellis Coding, and then select either On or Off.
This parameter specifies whether trellis coding for error
correction is used. Select this only if you know it is
required.
6 Select Echo Cancellation, and then select either On or
Off.
Echo cancellation is a special ADSL mode in which UP
and DOWN bands overlap to provide higher data rates.
Select this only if you know it is required.

7 Select CO Bit Rate Mode, and then select one of the

following:
– Quick setup is the minimal setup which assumes
defaults for many of the settings. The only options you
can change in this configuration are the downstream
and upstream rates and the required noise margin.
– Adaptive setup means the HST-3000 will automati-
cally choose the best upstream and downstream rate
for testing. It will choose rates that are between the
maximum and minimum values you set.
– Explicit Fixed means the HST-3000 will test the line
using the parameters you set. This configuration
differs from adaptive in that the best rate is not auto-
matically chosen.
8 Select Event Log Size, and then specify the size of the
event log. The size options are as follows: 100, 200, 300,
400, 500.
The general modem parameters are set.
Setting upstream After setting the general modem parameters, you should set
and downstream the upstream and downstream parameters. The following
parameters procedure describes how to set the upstream and down-
stream parameters.
To set the upstream parameters

1 Press the Configure navigation key
2 Press the UPSTREAM soft key.

The ADSL Upstream Settings menu appears.
3 Select Max Rate (kbps), and then enter the maximum bit
rate.
If you selected Explicit Fixed as the CO bit rate in the
general modem setup, this item is labeled Rate (kbps).
This rate should be between 32 and 1024, entered in
increments of 32.
4 Select Min Rate (kbps), and then enter the maximum bit
rate.
This selection only applies if you selected Adaptive as the
CO bit rate in the general modem setup.
This rate should be between 32 and 1024, entered in
increments of 32.
5 Select Req Noise Margin, and then enter the required
noise margin.
This value can be set between 0 and 15.
6 Select Path, and then select either Interleaved or Fast.
7 Press the DNSTREAM soft key.You may need to use the
left or right arrow buttons to find it.

The ADSL Downstream Settings menu appears.
8 Repeat steps 3 through 6.

The upstream and downstream parameters are set.
the line
To connect to the line in ATU-C emulate
2 Connect the other end of the cable to another HST in
ATU-R mode.
Line
Line
port
port
HST in HST in
ATU-C mode ATU-R mode

NOTE:
Some CPE ATU-Rs are also supported, so you may be
able to connect to your modem instead of the HST in
ATU-R mode.
To connect to the line in ATU-C through mode

2 Connect the other end of the cable to another HST in
ATU-R mode.
Ethernet port
Line
Line
port
port
HST in HST in
ATU-C mode ATU-R mode
3 Connect to the CPE.

a Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the Ethernet
jack on the top of the HST-3000.
b Connect the other end of the cable to the PC, hub, or
router.
Use a shielded crossover cable if you are connecting to
a PC. Use a straight cable if you are connecting to a
hub or router.

Finding disturbers
quality.

When it reaches showtime, the HST-3000 begins gath-
ering statistics.
tics.
See Chapter 3, “Interpreting Test Results” to learn what
your results mean.
Finding disturbers
The graphical displays can be useful tools for finding
disturbers. The graphs are pictorial representations of the bits
per tone. Using these graphs to locate interference is not a
precise method. However, this process can help you isolate
the frequency where the interference occurs. You can then
use that information to identify possible sources of interfer-
ence.
To find disturbers
1 After running the test, press the Display soft key.

Finding disturbers
2 Select Graphs.
NOTE:
The graphs only appear if you are connected to the line and
the modem has trained on the line.
3 Select View BPT graph.

The bits per tone (BPT) graph appears.
4 Examine the portions of the graphs where there are dips

or breaks.
These dips represent areas where interference is
degrading the ADSL signal.
5 Use the Cursor actions to help identify the affected
frequencies.
6 Optional. To enlarge the view of the graph (zoom in),
perform the following steps.
a Press the Cursor soft key.
b Select Zoom in.
7 Find the corresponding tone in Table 7 on page 45.

Saving graphical results
Table 7 lists common noise sources and the corre-

sponding frequencies and tones.
Table 7 Noise sources and tones
Noise Tone
Noise Source Frequency Tone # Frequency
(kHz) (kHz)
ISDN BRI 40 9 38.8125
HDSL passband 196 45 194.0625

center
HDSL passband max 392 91 392.4375
HDSL2 274 64 276
T1 passband center 772 179 772

E1 passband center 1024 237 1022
By noting the frequency where the interference occurs,

you can associate the affected frequencies with possible
disturbers.
Finding disturbers is complete.
Saving graphical results

You can save graphical results to a bit map file
To save graphical results to a file

1 After running a test, press the Display soft key.
2 Select Graphs.
The graphical results appear.
NOTE:
A graph only appears if you are connected to the line and
the modem has trained on the line.

Managing test configurations
3 Select the graph you want to view.

4 To save the graph to a file, press the Graphs soft key.
5 Select Save Screen Capture.
6 Enter a file name for the graph, and the press the OK key.
The graph is saved to the following directory on the HST:
/results/ADSL. The graph is saved as a bit map file
with a .bmp file extension.
7 For information about viewing and printing files on the
HST, see the Acterna HST Base Unit User’s Guide.

The configuration storage feature allows you to save test
configurations, load saved configurations, overwrite saved
configurations, and delete saved configurations.
NOTE:
Configuration changes are not automatically saved to con-
figuration storage. You must overwrite the configuration (or
create a new one) to make the change permanent.
To view the configuration storage feature

1 Press the STORAGE soft key.

The Config Store menu appears.
Storing test Once you have finished configuring the HST-3000 for a partic-
configurations ular test, you can store the test configuration for future use.
You can store up to 10 configurations.
To store a test configuration

1 Set up the HST-3000 for the test you are performing.
4 Press the 2 key.
5 Enter the file name.
6 Press the OK key.
The test configuration is stored.
Loading a After a configuration is saved, you can load it. This can save
configuration time when changing settings for different circuits.
To load a test configuration

3 Press the 1 key.

4 Select the file name to load.
5 Press the OK key.
The test configuration is loaded.
Overwriting a You can change a saved configuration then overwrite the old
configuration version.
To overwrite a configuration
3 Press the 3 key.
4 Select the file name to overwrite.
5 Press the OK key.
The test configuration is overwritten.
Deleting a If a configuration is no longer needed, you can delete it.

configuration
To delete a test configuration
3 Press the 4 key.
4 Select the file name to delete.
5 Press the OK key.
The test configuration is deleted.

Chapter 3 Interpreting Test Results
3
This chapter describes the test results that are gathered when
running a test. Topics in this chapter include the following:
– “Summary results” on page 50

– “Error results” on page 52
– “Event log” on page 53
– “Data errors” on page 53
– “IP results” on page 53
– “Ethernet results” on page 54
– “Ping results” on page 55
– “Trace route results” on page 57
– “ATM general results” on page 58
– “ATM OAM results” on page 59
– “ATM channel results” on page 60
– “FTP results” on page 62
– “Performance results” on page 63
– “Signal results” on page 64
– “Graphs” on page 65
– “Identity results” on page 66

About ADSL results
About ADSL results

After the HST-3000 has synchronized with the DSLAM, the
unit will immediately display results on the LCD. You can view
many additional results by pressing the DISPLAY soft key and
selecting other results screens.
NOTE:
The available results depend on the installed options,
modem type, and test configuration. Your unit may not show
all of the results listed below.
Summary results
This category provides a summary of the most important test
results. This default results screen provides a summary of the
most frequently used test results. Table 8 describes the
summary results.
Table 8 Summary results

Result Description Range Resolution
Data mode Shown in the upper right IPoE, IPoA, PPPoA, N/A
of the screen. It is the cur- PPPoE, Bridged
rent data mode. Ethernet, ATM
Loopback
Line format Shown in the upper right G.DMT, G.Lite, N/A
of the screen. It is the cur- T1.413, CAP
rent ADSL line format.
Est. Length Shown in the connection N/A ±5%

diagram. Estimated loop
length.1

Summary results
Table 8 Summary results (Continued)

Modem state Shown just under the con- BOOTING, IDLE, N/A
nection diagram. It is the TRAINING, SHOW-
current operational state TIME, UNKNOWN,
for the modem. A graphi- NOT TALKING
cal display also indicates
the modem state.
Actual rate Actual upstream and 32–1024 kbps2 (Up) 32 kbps

downstream rates 32–8160 kbps2 (Dn)
Max rate Maximum attainable 32–1024 kbps2 (Up) 32 kbps
upstream and down- 32–8160 kbps2 (Dn)
stream rates
Capacity The percentage of total 0–100% 1%

bandwidth currently used
by the actual connect rate
upstream and down-
stream.
Noise margin Noise margin upstream 0–63.5 dB 0.5 dB

and downstream
Attenuation The degradation of signal 0–63.5 dB 0.5 dB

strength in dB upstream
and downstream.
Errors The shaded line at the N/A N/A

bottom of the screen. It
reports the type of modem
errors.
1. The estimated loop length is a rough estimated based on attenuation. For a more accurate
measure of loop length, use the TDR in Copper mode.
2. Some manufacturers allow higher rates.

Error results
Error results
This category provides both local and remote error statistics.
Table 9 describes the error results for the ADSL.
Table 9 Error results

LOS Loss of signal. N/A N/A
SEF Severely errored frames. 0–4294967295 errors 1 error
RS Corr Bytes Reed Solomon cor- 0–4294967295 errors 1 error

rected bytes. A type of
ADSL signal error cor-
rection. RS errors are
not a direct problem, but
too many of them can
cause a CRC or SEF
error.
CRC Cyclical redundancy 0–4294967295 errors 1 error

check. A mathematical
way to ensure all of the
data or information pay-
load in a cell, frame, or
packet has arrived
uncorrupted.
OCD Out of cell delineation. 0–4294967295 errors 1 error

An ATM cell is mis-
aligned or out of align-
ment from the data
stream.
HEC Header error correction. 0–4294967295 errors 1 error

Errored ATM cell head-
ers that have been auto-
matically corrected.
NCD No cell delineation 0–4294967295 errors 1 error

errors. Errors counted
before ATM synchroni-
zation.

Event log
Event log
This category provides a running log of significant modem
events and errors.
Data errors
This category displays network connection statistic and
parameters and IP ping information. It is only available when
a data mode has been selected in the ADSL configuration
screens. There are several types of results available under
the data category.
IP results
Table 10 describes the IP results.
Table 10 IP results
Result Definition
WAN IP The HST-3000's IP address to the access

Address or provider network.
WAN Net Mask The HST-3000’s netmask address. IP

devices use a netmask IP address to deter-
mine if IP packets are to be routed to other
networks or sub-networks.
LAN IP Address The HST-3000's IP address to a PC or lap-

top, hub or router connected to the
HST-3000's ethernet port. (Through mode
only)
LAN Net Mask The HST-3000's netmask address for the

LAN interface. (Through mode only)

Ethernet results
Table 10 IP results (Continued)

Result Definition
Gateway The HST-3000's gateway address. When

an IP device has determined that a packet
is not addressed to it or devices on the
same sub-network (subnet), it sends all
such packets to the gateway address for
further routing to the correct address.
DNS Domain Name Services. When using inter-

net addresses such as www.acterna.com,
the HST-3000 (and all IP devices) must
translate to an IP address (such as
157.234.12.20) in order to route the packets
or data. To do so, it first requests a DNS
server to translate an internet address into
an IP address; then the HST-3000 can cor-
rectly route IP pings or other data. The DNS
address must be that of a real DNS server,
preferably in the provider network.
State The status of DHCP, DNS and TCP/IP pro-

tocols used to route traffic on the access
network.
Ethernet results
The ethernet category provides statistics on ethernet frames
when the HST-3000's 10/100BT Ethernet interface is used in
TE or ADSL thru-modes. Table 11 describes the Ethernet
results.
Table 11 Ethernet results

Result Definition
RX Bytes Total bytes received

RX Frames Total frames received

Ping results
Table 11 Ethernet results (Continued)

Result Definition
RX Errors Total errors received

RX Dropped Frames Total dropped frames
TX Bytes Total bytes transmitted

TX Frames Total frames received
TX Errors Total errors received
TX Dropped Frames Total dropped frames
TX collisions Ethernet frames are transmitted

“space-available” when there is a
break on the signal on the cable;
sometimes frames are transmitted at
the same time as another transmitter,
causing a “collision” of frames.
Link Status Status of the connection.
Ping results
Think of ping (packet internet groper) as sonar on a network.
The HST-3000 sends out IP packets (Internet Control
Messaging Protocol [ICMP] “echo” requests) to which the
destination (target) automatically responds. Ping tells you if
the destination is alive and awake, how fast the ping went to
the destination and back to the HST-3000, and if ping packets
were dropped and lost along the way. Table 12 on page 56
describes the ping results.

Ping results
Table 12 Ping results

Result Definition
Destination Network address (IP address or URL)

to which the echo messages (that is,
ping messages) will be sent. This
should be within the provider network,
but can also prove connectivity to the
ISP (for example, www.earthlink.net) or
to the internet.
Echos sent The number of ping messages sent.
Echos returned The number of echo reply messages

returned to the HST-3000 from the des-
tination.
Lost/Lost% The number of pings that did not return

to the HST-3000. This could be caused
by an unresponsive target (destination)
or by heavy congestion on the network;
the more packets lost the more con-
gested the network, indicating slow or
poor throughput.
Echos received The number of ping messages sent to

the HST-3000 from other devices on
the network.
Delay Current The time in milliseconds that it took the

last transmitted ping to reach the desti-
nation and receive a reply back to the
HST-3000. This varies depending on
the network and the traffic load on the
network, but in general, pings taking
longer than 500ms should be noted,
and if persistent over several days,
reported to network support engineers.
Delay Ave Delay average. The average time in

milliseconds it has taken all transmitted
pings to reach their destinations and
receive replies back to the HST-3000.

Trace route results
Table 12 Ping results (Continued)

Result Definition
Delay Max The longest time in milliseconds it has

taken any one transmitted ping to reach
its destination and receive a reply back
to the HST-3000.
Delay Min Delay minimum. The shortest time in

milliseconds it has taken any one trans-
mitted ping to reach its destination and
receive a reply back to the HST-3000.
Message Any ICMP error and delay messages

about the pings
Trace route results

Table 13 describes the trace route results.
Table 13 Trace route results

Result Definition
Destination Network address (IP address or URL)

to which the echo messages will be
sent
State Current state of the trace
Active Whether there is a trace route currently

active
Number of hops The number of points crossed from the

source to the destination

ATM general results
ATM general results

ADSL, by definition, transports data over Asynchronous
Transfer Mode (ATM) instead of traditional TDM circuits. To
assist in troubleshooting ADSL network connections, the
HST-3000 provides a number of different ATM statistics
(these are useful if IP pings don't work, but ATM cells are still
being sent and received).
Table 14 describes the test results for the general ATM cate-
gory.
Table 14 ATM general results

Result Definition
TX cells Transmitted ATM cells.
TX AAL5 Frames Transmitted ATM Adaptation Layer 5

Cells. Since ATM can carry different types
of user data (such as web pages or
voice), ATM layers are defined to carry
the different types of data effectively. For
normal, non-time sensitive data, such as
e-mail and user files, AAL5 is used.
TX Dropped Cells Transmitted dropped cells. The ATM net-

work will discard or “drop” erred cells
which must then be retransmitted (this is
done automatically). The HST-3000
counts the number of ATM cells and how
many were dropped, giving an indication
of service quality.
RX Cells Total received ATM cell count.
RX AAL5 Frames Total received ATM Adaptation Layer 5

frames. Multiple ATM cells are grouped
together in frames to carry large amounts
of user data over the network.
RX CRC Errors Total number of ATM cells received by the

HST-3000, which had CRC (cyclical
redundancy check) errors.

ATM OAM results
Table 14 ATM general results (Continued)

Result Definition
RX AAL5 Length Total number of ATM AAL5 frames

Errors received by the HST-3000, which were
too short or too long due to errors.
RX AAL5 Aborts Total number of ATM AAL5 frames which

were lost or dropped due to excessive
errors.
Last Unknown Last unknown virtual path indicator (VPI)

VPI/VCI and virtual channel indicator (VCI). ATM
user data must be correctly routed to its
destination, which is accomplished by
designating a VPI and VCI (both are
required). ADSL user data also requires a
VPI and VCI, which if incorrect prevents
the user from accessing the network. To
assist the connection process, the
HST-3000 identifies the VPI and VCI of
the last ATM cells coming over the ADSL
link, helping you to set the correct VPI
and VCI.
ATM OAM results

While a number of different test cells are identified to help in
the administration and maintenance of ATM networks, the
HST-3000 supports the F5 loopback function to verify ATM
level connectivity (analogous to IP ping, but F5 is only for
ATM; IP ping does not apply to ATM and there is officially no
such thing as an “ATM ping”). Table 15 on page 60 describes
the ATM OAM results.

ATM channel results
Table 15 ATM OAM results

Result Definition
Sent The number of ATM F5 Loopback requests

transmitted by the HST-3000.
Returned The number of F5 loop back requests that

returned to the HST-3000. This should
equal the number sent.
Lost The number of F5 Loop back requests that

do not return within five seconds.
Received The number of external F5 loop back

requests sent to the HST-3000 from other
locations on the ATM network.
Uncorrelated The number of F5 loop back replies which

cannot be correlated to a particular location
or device on the ATM network or segment.
Delay Max Delay maximum. The longest time in milli-

seconds that it took an HST-3000 F5 loop
back request to return to the HST-3000.
Delay Min Delay minimum. The shortest time in milli-

seconds that it took an HST-3000 F5 loop
back request to return to the HST-3000.
Delay Last The time in milliseconds that it took the last

transmitted F5 Loop back request to return
to the HST-3000.
Delay Ave Delay average. The average time in milli-

seconds of all the transmitted F5 Loop back
requests to return to the HST-3000.
ATM channel results

An ATM circuit consists of virtual paths which contain virtual
circuits that carry user data. ATM channel statistics are the
cells and errors from the current virtual circuit via which the

ATM channel results
HST-3000 is connected to the access network (after ADSL

synchronization is achieved). Table 16 describes the test
results for the identity category.
Table 16 ATM channel results

Result Definition
VPI/VCI The virtual path indicator and virtual circuit

indicator used by the HST-3000 to connect
to the network (this should match the cus-
tomer's modem settings; if unsure, check
with a co-worker or supervisor. Most cus-
tomer ADSL modem settings for the VPI/
VCI will be identical in a geographical area
(not to be confused with the customer's
DSLAM WAN [network] VPI/VCI settings;
ask a supervisor).
TX cells Total count of transmitted cells on the

channel.
TX AAL5 Frames Transmitted ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Cells.

Since ATM can carry different types of
user data (such as web pages or voice),
ATM layers are defined to carry the differ-
ent types of data effectively. For normal,
non-time sensitive data, such as e-mail
and user files, AAL5 is used.
TX Dropped Transmitted dropped cells. The ATM net-

Cells work will discard or “drop” erred cells
which must then be retransmitted (this is
done automatically). The HST-3000 counts
the number of ATM cells and how many
were dropped, giving an indication of ser-
vice quality.
RX Cells Total received ATM cell count.
RX AAL5 Frames Total received ATM Adaptation Layer 5

frames. Multiple ATM cells are grouped
together in frames to carry large amounts
of user data over the network.

FTP results
Table 16 ATM channel results (Continued)

Result Definition
RX CRC Errors Total number of ATM cells received by the

HST-3000, which had CRC (cyclical
redundancy check) errors.
RX AAL5 Length Total number of ATM AAL5 frames

Errors received by the HST-3000, which were too
short or too long due to errors.
RX AAL5 Aborts Total number of ATM AAL5 frames which

were lost or dropped due to excessive
errors.
FTP results
Table 17 describes the FTP results.
Table 17 FTP results

Result Description
Transfer Count The number of times the file was transferred.
Upload Rate The speed that the file was uploaded.
Download The speed that the file was downloaded.

Rate
Total Time The total time it took for the entire transfer,
from beginning to end.
Pretransfer The number of seconds of processing

Time elapsed before the transfer began.
Name Lookup The number of seconds it took to lookup

Time the name.
Start Time The time that the transfer began.
Redirect count The number of times the file was redirected.
Message Status message.

Performance results
Performance results
Table 18 describes the ADSL link performance results.
Table 18 ADSL performance results

Result Description
Actual Rate Actual upstream and downstream data rate
Max Rate Maximum upstream and downstream data

rate
Capacity The percentage of total bandwidth currently

used by the actual connect rate upstream
and downstream.
Noise Margin The dB value ratio of signal strength to noise

for upstream and downstream. This result
represents how many more dB of noise the
connection can tolerate and still maintain a
bet error rate of 10-7.
Attenuation The degradation of signal strength in dB

upstream and downstream. It is the differ-
ence in Tx power from the transmitter to
receiver.
Connect Mthd The connection method. ADSL can trans-

port data using either a “fast” or an “inter-
leaved” connection method. The
interleaved method provides more protec-
tion from errors and is more reliable, but
also introduces some delay (latency).
Most operators deliver residential ADSL
using the “fast” method which does not
protect data quite as well. This method is
set by the DSLAM
Training Time The number of seconds it took the
HST-3000 to synchronize with the
DSLAM.

Signal results
Table 18 ADSL performance results (Continued)

Result Description
Num Syncs The number of synchronization attempts. it is

possible that modems do not synchronize
immediately and make multiple attempts
before achieving synchronization.
Signal results
These parameters provide more information about the ADSL
link. Table 19 describes the signal results.
Table 19 ADSL signal results

Result Description
Noise Margin (NM) The dB value ratio of signal strength to

noise for upstream and downstream.
This result represents how many more
dB of noise or reduction of transmit sig-
nal the connection can tolerate and still
maintain a bet error rate of 10-7.
Coding Gain A dB value representing the improve-

ment in signal transmission due to trellis/
RS coding.
NM-Coding Gain A dB value representing the noise mar-

gin that would be present on the connec-
tion without coding gain. NOTE: This is
only displayed if “Coding Gain” is set to
ON from the General configuration tab.
TX Power Power level, in dB, of the ADSL signal,

downstream (from the DSLAM) and
upstream (transmitted by the
HST-3000).

Graphs
Table 19 ADSL signal results (Continued)

Result Description
Attenuation The degradation of signal strength in dB

upstream and downstream. It is the dif-
ference in Tx power from the transmitter
to receiver.
Intl Depth Interleaving depth set by the DSLAM.

This is a measure of latency introduced
on the ADSL link due to the scrambling
of ADSL frames to protect data and cre-
ate a more reliable link.
Modem state Current state of the modem.
Estimated length Estimated loop length.1
1. The estimated loop length is a rough estimated based on attenuation.

For a more accurate measure of loop length, use the TDR in Copper
mode.
Graphs
The graphs provide a graphical representation of the bits per
tone (BPT). It is available in standard range and extended
range. Figure 2 shows an example of the standard range BPT
graph.
Figure 2 BPT graph

Identity results
Identity results
This category provides the HST-3000 modem firmware revi-
sion information, and the following information from the
DSLAM (when synchronized). Table 20 describes the identity
results.
Table 20 Identity results

Result Description
Modem Firmware The ID of the internal modem
Modem Revision The firmware rev of the internal modem
Far vendor ID The ID of the far end modem
Far vendor rev The firmware rev of the far end DSLAM
Far vendor name The name of the DSLAM (drawn from the
DSLAM)

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting
4
This chapter describes how to identify and correct problems
related to the HST-3000. Topics discussed in this chapter
include the following:
– “Interpreting messages” on page 68

– “Resolving problems” on page 71

Interpreting messages
The HST-3000 provides error messages when it is unable to
complete a command. This information enables you to solve
simple problems that may be a result of data input. Each
message is listed in Table 21, along with a message descrip-
tion and suggested corrective action, if applicable.
Table 21 Error messages

Message Description Action
NO ATM SYNC The ADSL link is not Verify ADSL link and check ATM
active, or the unit cannot settings
achieve ATM sync with
the ATU-C
INVALID CONFIG The IP parameters are Adjust the IP parameters.

configured to an invalid
setting.
DHCP FAILED The DHCP process failed Wait until the attempt succeeds.
to receive an IP address. The HST-3000 will keep trying
until it receives an IP address
from the DHCP server.
PPP LCP FAILED The unit encountered a Check the encapsulation

failure in the LCP stage of scheme and the VPI/VCI
PPP negotiation. addresses.
PPP AUTH The HST-3000 failed the Check the user name and pass-
FAILED authentication stage of word.
PPP negotiation.
PPP IPCP FAILED The unit encountered a Check to be sure the addresses
failure in the IPCP stage between both clients match.
of PPP negotiation.
PPPoE FAILED The unit failed to find a Wait until the attempt succeeds.
compatible PPPoE server The HST-3000 will keep trying
on the Ethernet network. until it finds a compatible server
on the network.

Table 21 Error messages (Continued)

SHOWTIME-LOS The connection was Resync and check for disturb-

dropped because the ers.
threshold of uncorrected
errors has been passed.
SHOWTIME-SNR The connection was Resync and check for disturb-

dropped because the line ers.
quality dropped below the
allowable threshold.
DOH-LINE BUSY The connection was Wait until a line becomes avail-
dropped because all ports able.
on the DSLAM are busy
and the LIM sent out a
signal telling the customer
premise equipment that
the line is busy. (Only
applicable in CAP mode.)
DNS SRVR NOT The domain name server Verify DNS address.
RESP did not respond to the
lookup request.
DNS RECUR- The domain name server Try a different DNS address.
SION N/A does not support recur-
sion.
DNS NAME NON- The domain name server Verify the destination name.
EXIST reports that the name or
domain does not exist.
DNS UNKNOWN Received an unknown Try a different DNS address.
message from the DNS
address.
NETWORK The unit was unable to Check the destination address

UNREACH connect to the specified or name.
address.
HOST UNREACH- The unit was unable to Check the destination address
ABLE reach the specified host. or name.


PROTOCOL The unit was unable to Verify protocol information.

UNREACH verify protocol informa-
tion.
PORT UNREACH- The port numbers are Try a different IP address.

ABLE conflicting.
FRAGMENT The user data provided is Shorten the user data.

NEEDED too long.
ROUTE FAILED No route exists for the Try a different IP address.

ping destination.
TTL EXC TRAN- The ping was routed too Try a different IP address.
SIT many times before reach-
ing the destination.
TTL EXC REAS- The ping had to be recre- Try a different IP address.
SMBLY ated too many times
before reaching the desti-
nation.
TTL EXC FRAG- The IP fragment was Try a different IP address.

MENT routed too many times.
NETWORK PRO- Could not reach destina- Try a different destination.

HIBITED tion. Communication with
the destination network is
administratively prohib-
ited.
HOST PROHIB- Could not reach destina- Try a different destination.

ITED tion. Communication with
the destination host is
administratively prohib-
ited.
TOS NOT SUPP The type of service is not Try a different IP address.
NET supported on the network.
TOS NOT SUPP The type of service is not Try a different IP address.
HOST supported on the host.

Resolving problems

HOST UNKNOWN The unit was unable to Check the destination address
find the specified host. or name.
NETWORK The unit was unable to Check the destination address

UNKNOWN find the specified network. or name.
NETWORK Could not reach destina- Try a different destination.

UNREACHABLE tion. The destination net-
work does not accept the
type of service.
ARP HOST The device could not Examine the configurations.

UNREACHABLE resolve the IP address
with Ethernet protocol.
Resolving problems
If you are having trouble with the HST-3000, the following
sections describe common problems and solutions. You
should verify whether your problem is listed here before
contacting technical assistance.
Operating the The following section addresses questions that may be asked
unit about operating and performing basic functions with the
HST-3000.
Issue
I cannot print out statistics.
Resolution
Verify that the printer cable is connected correctly.
Verify that your terminal program is configured and working

correctly.

Resolving problems
Verify your printer is working properly.
Issue
The microphone does not work.
Resolution
Check the headset connection.
The headset is not used for ADSL testing (only used for POTS
and VoIP calls).
Performing The following section addresses questions that may be asked

tests about completing tests with the HST-3000. There are two
sections included:
– General
– ADSL tests
General test The following section addresses questions about testing in

problems general.
Issue
Inconsistent test results.
Resolution
Verify that your test leads are good and are connected prop-
erly for the test you are performing.
ADSL test The following section addresses questions about ADSL

problems testing.
Issue
The modem cannot achieve sync with the CO.

Resolving problems
Resolution
Inability to sync can have many causes. Perform the following
steps to troubleshoot:
– Disconnect the customer's ADSL modem.

– Verify tester connection to the correct pair.
– Verify that the ADSL standard is correct (T1.413, G.DMT,
G.Lite, or CAP).
– Isolate premise wiring.
– Check for premise alarm system.
– Verify the copper pair is provisioned for ADSL at the CO.
– Test at the CO/Exchange on the customer pair.
– Check the DSLAM modem vendor and software version.
Issue
The modem gets sync with the CO, but the rate is lower than
expected.
Resolution
Check the bits/tone and the SNR/tone for areas of the spec-
trum with low throughput. This could be caused by bridged
taps, cable crosstalk, or AM radio.
Use the HST-3000 to check physical conditions: DVOM,

balance, opens, and use the TDR to check for bridged taps.
Check the DSLAM configuration - the max rate may be limited

there.
Check for premise alarm system on the same pair.
Avoid excessive loop length or high attenuation.
Make sure that you are connected on pins 3 and 4 instead of

2 and 5.
Verify the noise margin.

Resolving problems
Issue
In through mode, I’m connected to the Ethernet connector, but
I’m not getting a data connection (green LED on the Ethernet
connector is on, but the yellow LED is not).
Resolution
Go to the LAN Settings screen and check the Media Type. If
it’s set to Auto, change it to match the specific LAN speed and
duplex type that you are using.
Issue
The ping menu says pings are being sent, but the network
statistics are not incrementing.
Resolution
The ping function only attempts to send a ping every second.
Depending on certain conditions, a physical ping packet may
not be sent.
Check that the unit has not lost sync.
If the Ethernet protocol (not interface protocol) is being used,

the device has to ARP the address first. If this fails eventually
you will see a ARP HOST UNREACHABLE message. Check
to see that the destination IP address and our configured IP
parameters are correct.
If the Ethernet interface is being used, make sure that the

cabling is correct. If the Ethernet cable is not hooked up, or is
hooked up incorrectly, a packet will not be sent. Thus the
Ethernet statistics will not increment.
Check the Ethernet link light on the HST-3000 Ethernet jack.

It should be green.
Issue
The ATM total statistics are incrementing but the channel stats
are not incrementing.

Resolving problems
Resolution
Reconfigure the interface to match the VPI/VCI given in the
VPI/VCI of Last Unknown Cell statistic.
Issue
The ATM channel statistics indicate that I am receiving frames
but I did not get a green Data LED and pings are not working.
Resolution
Check the encapsulation and the mode. The wrong protocol
may be in use.
Issue
I have a PPPoA service and I get a PPP TIMEOUT message
Resolution
Verify that the VPI-VCI is correct.
Verify that the encapsulation is correct.
Verify that the addressing mode is set correctly (IPCP/Static).
Verify that the username and password are correct.
Issue
I have a PPPoE connection and I get a PPPoE FAILED
message.
Resolution
Verify that the addressing mode is correct.
Verify that the user name and password are correct (including
case)

Resolving problems
Issue
I have a Bridged Ethernet connection and I get a DCHP
FAILED message.
Resolution
Verify that the DHCP server isn't out of addresses. (Contact

your IT department or help desk.)
Issue
I get an INVALID CONFIG message.
Resolution
Verify that a valid IP address is being used (examples of
invalid IP addresses would be *.*.*.0 or 127.*.*.* or 10.0.0.1 or
192.168.0.0).
Verify that the IP address and gateway are on the same

network as defined by the netmask.
Check the netmasks if Ethernet IP = DSL IP. The netmasks

must be different.
Verify that the Netmask is not set to 0.0.0.0.
Issue
I have a green Data LED, but pings are not working.
Resolution
A green Data LED does not guarantee a ping (or any routed/
bridged packet) will be treated properly once it leaves the unit.
In an Ethernet bridged or IP over ATM environment with static
addressing, there is no initial communication with the far end,
so as soon as ATM sync occurs the interface is deemed active
to pass user data.

Resolving problems
Make sure that the VPI and VCI is correct.
Make sure that the encapsulation is correct.
Try pinging a different host.
Make sure the DNS server is active with another PC.
Set the PING packet size smaller.
Make sure the HST Data mode is set correctly for the type of
circuit under test (such as PPPoE versus IPoE).
Make sure you are not behind a firewall; they can block ping
responses from reaching the host.
Check to see if the connection is unnumbered. If it is, verify

that the connection is configured correctly.
View the Results>Data>Ping menu. It can often give important

clues as to why the ping is not successful.
Issue
I get a message that is not listed when I am performing tests.
Resolution
You may receive an unspecified or unknown error message
while you are testing ADSL lines. This is because of the many
different possible types of ADSL modem errors. If you receive
one of these messages, try the following:
Try to resync with the line.
Check the configuration of the HST-3000.
Check the configuration of the DSLAM.

Resolving problems

Glossary
ADSLAM — Advanced Digital

A Subscriber Line Access Multi-
plexer. Concentrates and multi-
Actual Down Rate — Bearer plexes signals at the telephone
channel rate downstream. service provider location to the
broader wide area network.
Actual Up Rate — Bearer
channel rate upstream. ATM — Asynchronous Transfer
Mode. A cell-based data transfer
ADSL — Asymmetric Digital technique in which channel
Subscriber Line. A digital demand determines packet allo-
subscriber line (DSL) tech- cation. ATM offers fast packet
nology in which the transmission technology, real time, demand
of data from server to client is lead switching for efficient use of
much faster than the transmis- network resources.
sion from the client to the server.
The difference in ADSL1 vs. Auto-Negotiation — Proce-
ADSL2/2+ is the standard that dure for adjusting line speeds
defines them: and other communication
• ADSL1: ITU G.992.2. parameters automatically
between two computers during
• ADSL2: ITU G.992.3 and .4.
data transfer.
• ADSL2+: ITU G.992.5.

Glossary
B D
BER — Bit Error Rate. Delay — A contributing
measure of the carrying capacity
Bits per tone — This measure- of a link. Delay indicates how
ment and display allows anal- long it takes bits to find their way
ysis of the bits assigned per through a network.
DMT tone (256 tones). By
looking for any significant dips, Digital — Having only discrete
that is, an average number values, such as 0 or 1.
across all tones is present but
for a few the number is zero or DMT — Discrete Multi-Tone. A
much longer, the presence of line coding used for ADSL.
AC interference can be identi-
fied. Downstream Rate — The line
rate for return messages or data
Bps — Bits per second. transfers from the network
machine to the user's
customer's premise machine.
C
DSL — Digital Subscriber Line.
CAP — Carrierless Amplitude A generic name for a family of
Phase. A line coding used for standards allowing high-speed
ADSL. data transfer over telephone
lines.
CO — Central Office.
DSLAM — Digital Subscriber
Cell — A fixed length unit of Line Access Multiplexer.
information. Most other data
units can vary in length, but a DSU/CSU — Data Service Unit/
cell is fixed in size. This helps Channel Service Unit -The inter-
cut down on network delays and face device required to change
variations in the delay through a one form of digital signal to
network. another.
Crosstalk — The interference DTMF — Dual Tone Multi-

caused by signals on adjacent Frequency. A voice-band tone-
circuits in a network. based method of signaling.
CPE — Customer Premise

Equipment. Devices or equip-
ment that the customer provides
to interface with the telco.

Glossary
IP Address — The 32-bit

E address assigned to hosts that
want to participate in a TCP/IP
Echo — The reflecting of a Internet.
signal back to its source due to a
variety of reasons.
L
Encapsulation — The tech-
nique used by layered protocols LAN — Local Area Network. A
in which a layer adds header limited distance (typically under
information to the protocol data a few kilometers or a couple of
unit (PDU) from the layer above. miles) high-speed network (typi-
cally 4 to 100 Mbps) that
Ethernet — A local area supports many computers.
network (LAN) wiring scheme.
You can use the HST-3000 to LED — Light Emitting Diode.
emulate Ethernet terminal The lights indicating status or
equipment to test connectivity. activity on electronic equipment.
LiIon — Lithium Ion. A type of

G rechargeable battery.
Gateway — A system which Line Quality — Equivalent to

does translation from some SNR. It is called this to be equiv-
native format to another. alent with the Cisco modem.
G.Lite — A lower-speed cousin Line Rate — The speed by

of ADSL. It offers the advantage which data is transferred over a
of being an ITU standard. particular line type, express in
bits per second (bps).
I Local Gain — Receiver gain in

the downstream direction in dB.
ICMP — Internet Configuration Note that this can be (and often
Message Protocol. The protocol is) negative.
used to handle errors and
control messages at the IP layer. Local Transmit Power —
ICMP is actually part of the IP Transmit power in dBm in the
protocol. upstream direction. Note that
this can be (and often is) nega-
Internet Protocol (IP) — The tive.
network layer protocol for the
Internet protocol suite.

Glossary
Loopback — A diagnostic test

that returns the transmitted P
signal back to the sending
device after is has passed PAP — Password Authentica-
through a network or across a tion Protocol.
particular link. The returned
signal can then be compared to Physical Layer — Handles
the transmitted one. The transmission of raw bits over a
discrepancy between the two communication channel. The
help to trace the fault. physical layer deals with
mechanical, electrical, and
procedural interfaces.
M
Physical Port — A physical or
Modem Pooling — The ability logical connection to a computer
of a service provider to dynami- or test instrument through which
cally switch users' messages data flows. An Ethernet port, for
between modems, rather than example, is where Ethernet
requiring a modem to be dedi- network cabling plugs into a
cated to a particular user on a computer.
network.
PPP — Point-To-Point-Protocol.
Modem Redundancy — When The successor to SLIP, PPP
backup modems are immedi- provides router-to-router and
ately available should a modem host-to-network connections
facilitating communication fail. over both synchronous and
asynchronous circuits.
N
R
NAT — Network Address Trans-
lation Reed-Solomon Corrected
Errors — Bit errors that were
Network Interface Device — corrected by the Reed-Solomon
coding.
The demarcation point where
the public network ends and the
Reed-Solomon Uncorrected
private network within a home or
Errors — Bit errors that were
office begins. All wiring and user
not corrected by the Reed-
devices inside the premises
Solomon coding.
(such as a modem) are
controlled and operated by the
Remote Address — The IP
owner.
address of a remote server.

Glossary
Remote Gain — Receiver gain mission to maintain

in the upstream direction in dB. synchronization between trans-
Note that this can be negative mitter and receiver.
but usually isn’t.
Syncs — Number of times the
Remote Server — A network unit has trained.
computer that allows a user to
log onto the network from a
distant location. T
Remote Transmit Power — TCP/IP — Transmission
Transmit power in dBm in the Control Protocol/Internet
downstream direction. Note that Protocol. The official protocol of
this can be (and often is) nega- the Internet and Web.
tive.
Terminate Mode — The
RHNC — Relative humidity HST-3000 is connected to the
non-condensing. customer premise site of the
DSLAM without a PC. You can
Route — The path that network then use the HST-3000 to ping.
traffic takes from its source to its
destination. The route a data- Through Mode — The
gram may follow can include HST-3000 is connected with a
many gateways and many phys- PC and is serving as the
ical networks. customer modem.
RS-232 — An EIA standard

which is the most common way U
of linking data devices together.
Upstream Rate — The line rate
for message or data transfer
S from the source machine to a
destination machine on the
Splitter — A device used in network.
ADSL to allow users to continue
to use their analog telephones
while at the same time V
accessing the Internet and Web
for digital information. VCI — Virtual channel identifier.
A unique numerical tag as
Sync Bits — Synchronizing bits defined by a 16 bit field in the
(more properly bytes or charac- ATM cell header that identifies a
ters) used in synchronous trans- virtual channel, over which the
cell is to travel.

Glossary
VPI — Virtual path identifier. An

eight bit field in the ATM cell W
header which indicates the
virtual path over which the cell WAN — Wide Area Network. A
should be routed. data communications network
that spans any distance and is
usually provided by a public
carrier.

Index
A C
Actual Down Rate 79 Cable, ethernet 28
Actual Up Rate 79 CAP 80
ADSL capabilities 2
Accessing features 8
Connecting to the line
defined 79
in ATU-C mode 41
results 50
testing overview 2 Conventions xiii
through mode 2 Crosstalk 73, 80
ADSLAM 79
Annex A 8
Annex B 8 D
ATM results Data errors 53
channel 60 Data parameters, setting 14
general 58
OAM 59 Defaults, restoring modem
parameters 11, 37
ATU-C mode
connecting to the line 41 Delay 80
selecting 36 Deleting a test configuration 48
setting parameters 36
testing 36–43 DHCP server 68, 76
Disturbers, finding 43
DMT 80
B Documentation
Base unit user’s guide xi ADSL testing user’s guide xi
base unit user’s guide xi
Bits per tone 43, 80

Index
Downstream parameters 39 IP address

Downstream Rate 80 defined 81
releasing IP addresses 24
DSL 80 troubleshooting 68, 74, 76
DSLAM IP results 53
defined 80
troubleshooting 16, 73
L
E LAN
defined 81
Emulation, ADSL modem 9 setting parameters 26, 31
Encapsulation 81 LED 81
Error results 52 LiIon 81
Ethernet Line Quality 81
defined 81
Line Rate 81
results 54
TE testing 25 Loading a test configuration 47
Event log 53
M
F Managing test configurations
deleting 48
Features 2
loading 47
Finding disturbers 43 overwriting 48
FTP, setting parameters 20 storing 47
Messages, interpreting 68
Modem emulate mode 2
G Modem emulation testing 9
G.Lite 81 Modem parameters
Gateway 76, 81 restoring defaults 11, 37
setting 10–13, 37–39
Graphical results
description 65 Modem Pooling 82
finding disturbers 43 Modem Redundancy 82
saving 45
Modes 2
I N
Identity results 66
NAT 82
Interference
Network interface device 82
See also Finding disturbers
Interpreting messages 68 Network mask 76
Noise margin 22, 73
Noise sources 45

Index
O S
Overwriting test configuration 48 Sealing current terminator 5
Serial number, locating 71
Server, DHCP 68, 76
P
Signal results 64
PAP 82
SNR 73
Password See PPP Statistics
Performance results 62 See also Results
printing 71
Physical layer
troubleshooting 74, 75
defined 82
testing 22 Storing test configurations 47
Ping Summary results 50
performing 24 Sync
results 55 bits 83
setting parameters 16
physical layer 22
troubleshooting 74–77
troubleshooting 68, 72, 73
PPP
defined 82
password 68, 75
setting parameters 17 T
troubleshooting 68 Terminate mode 83
Test configurations 46–48
deleting 48
R loading 47
overwriting 48
Resolving problems 71 storing 47
Results Testing
ADSL 50 ADSL through mode 30
ATM channel 60 emulating an ADSL modem 9
ATM general 58 Ethernet TE mode 25
ATM OAM 59 line quality, ATU-C mode 43
data errors 53 managing configurations 46–48
error 52 physical layer 22
event log 53
graphs 65 Through mode
IP 53 ADSL testing 30
performance 62 Tones, noise sources 45
ping 55
signal 64 Trace route, setting parameters 19
summary 50 Train(ing) See sync
troubleshooting 72
Troubleshooting 71
RS Corrected Errors 82 ADSL tests 72
RS Uncorrected Errors 82 general 72
operation 71
tests 72

Index
Virtual channel indicator 16

U Virtual path indicator 15
Upstream parameters 39 VPI
Upstream Rate 83 defined 84
setting 16
User documentation troubleshooting 68, 75, 76
ADSL testing user’s guide xi
base unit user’s guide xi
W
V WAN
defined 84
VCI setting parameters 13, 32
defined 83
setting 16
troubleshooting 68, 75, 76

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HST-000-595-01
Revision A, 5/2005
English

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Acterna HST-3000

Copyright © Copyright 2005 Acterna, LLC. All rights reserved. Acterna,

Trademarks Acterna and HST-3000, are trademarks or registered trade-

Specifications, terms, and conditions are subject to change

Ordering This guide is a product of Acterna's Technical Information

ii HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or

– Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

Industry Canada This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la

HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A iii

About This Guide ix

Chapter 1 Getting Started 1

HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A v

Chapter 2 ADSL Testing 7

vi HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

Saving graphical results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Chapter 3 Interpreting Test Results 49

HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A vii

viii HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

This chapter describes how to use this guide. Topics

– “Purpose and scope” on page x

HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A ix

Purpose and scope

This guide includes task-based instructions that describe how

– HST-3000 — The HST-3000 family of products or the

x HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide

This user’s guide should be used in conjunction with the

HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide

HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A xi

Table 1 Technical assistance centers

Americas 1-866-ACTERNA (1-866-228-3762)

Europe, Africa, and +49 (0) 7121 86 1345 hotline.europe@acterna.com

Asia and the Pacific +852 2892 0990

+8610 6833 7477

Southeast Asia, +60 3 2730 6333

During off-hours, you can request assistance by doing one of

xii HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

Assistance Center, tac@acterna.com, or submit your ques-

Table 2 Typographical conventions

User interface actions and Press the OK key.

Code and output messages All results okay

Text you must type exactly as Type: a:\set.exe in the dia-

Variables appear in this type- Type the new hostname.

Book references appear in Refer to Newton’s Telecom

Table 3 Keyboard/menu conventions

A plus sign + indicates simul- Press Ctrl+s

A comma indicates consecu- Press Alt+f,s

HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A xiii

Table 3 Keyboard/menu conventions (Continued)

A slanted bracket indicates On the menu bar, click

Table 4 Symbol conventions

This symbol represents a general hazard.

This symbol represents a risk of electrical shock.

This symbol represents a risk of explosion

This symbol represents a Note indicating related informa-

Table 5 Safety definitions

WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

xiv HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A

– “About ADSL testing” on page 2

HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision A 1