5 >1> karKNnaF ñwm ³ E2-B1

1. Drawing for calculation

1> KMnUrbøg;sMrab;KNna³

B1

bøg ;F ñwm Can;T I2 -10

1. Drawing for calculation

2.Unit use in calculated

2> xña teRbIk ñúg karKNna³

6 3
kN  1000N MPa  10 Pa KPa  10 Pa

K  1000lb lb  4.448N K  4.448kN

N kN
psi  0.689 psi  0.00689 MPa psi  6.895
2 2
cm m
3
Ksi  1000psi Ksi  6.895 MPa Ksi  6.895  10 KPa

K  ft  1.356 kN  m K  in  0.113 kN  m

kN N
psf  0.04788 psf  47.88 psf  47.88 Pa
2 2
m m

Ksf  1000psf Ksf  47.88 KPa Ksf  0.048 MPa

1
 kgf kN
pcf  16.02 pcf  0.157
3 3
m m
2.Unit use in calculated

3. Data apply for design

3> Tinñn½yTUeTA nig smμtikmμ³

er:sIusþg ;sgát;rbs;ebtug enAGayu28éf¶ ³ f'c  25MPa f'c  3.626 Ksi

er:sIusþg ;Tajrbs;EdkeFVIkar ³ fy  400MPa fy  58.015 Ksi

er:sIusþg ;Tajrbs;Edkkg ³ fy.s  235MPa fy.s  34.084 Ksi

m:U DuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtug ³ Ec  24000MPa Ec  3.481  10 Ksi

3

m:U DuleGLasÞicrbs;Edk ³ Es  200000MPa Es  2.901  10 Ksi

4

TMg n;m aDrbs;ebtug ³ γc  150pcf γc  24

kN
3
m

TMg n;m aDrbs;Edk ³ γs  500pcf γs  78.55

kN
3
m
Strength-reduction factor for bending moment : ϕ  0.9

bnÞúk GefrelIk Mralx½NÐ ³ LL  50psf LL  2.4 KPa

kMras;rbs;kMralx½ NÐ ³ hf  19cm hf  7.48 in

muxkat;rbs;ssr ³ Cx  80cm Cx  31.496 in

Cy  80cm Cy  31.496 in

muxkat;sésEdkeFVIkar ³ db  20mm db  0.787 in

muxkat;sésEdkkg ³ ds  10mm ds  0.394 in

RsTab;k arBarebtug ³ Cc  30mm Cc  1.181 in

RbEvgRbelaHElVg ³ L  6m L  19.685 ft

3. Data apply for design

4. M & V Value

4> DIdüaRkam nig Tinñn½ytMél ³

2
 Diagram Moment
-242.57kN.m -271.72kN.m -278.98kN.m

123.17kN.m 125.33kN.m 135.47kN.m

Diagram Shear Force

-239.55kN -235.20kN -213.34kN

199.47kN 212.30kN 210.17kN

Diagram Torson
-3.50kN.m -3.17kN.m -8.64kN.m

2.72kN.m 2.33kN.m 1.18kN.m

6000 6000 6000

Moment value:

 On support : Mu.s  278.98kN  m Mu.s  206 K  ft

 At mid span : Mu.mid  135.47kN  m Mu.mid  100 K  ft

Shear value:

 On support : Vu.s  239.55kN Vu.s  54 K

 At mid span : Vu.mid  76.24kN Vu.mid  17 K

Torsion value:

 Maximum torsion : Tu  8.64kN  m Tu  6.373 K  ft

4. M & V Value

5. Section Design

5> karKNnamuxkat;rbs;F ñwm ³

3
 bf

- karKNnakMBs;rbs;F ñwm ³
L
hmin  hmin  23.622 in hmin  60 cm
10
 hmin 
h  ceil    5cm h  23.622 in h  60 cm
 5cm 
t  hf t  7.48 in t  19 cm

- karKNnaTTwg rbs;Fñw m ³
b  0.5  h b  11.811 in b  30 cm

bw  b bw  11.811 in bw  30 cm

- kMBs;eFVIkarrbs;sésEdkenAkñúg Fñ wm ³
d  h  2.5in d  21.122 in d  53.65 cm

d'  2.5in d'  6.35 cm

5. Section Design

6.1. Rectangular beam design

6> karKNnasrésrEdkkñúg muxkat; ³

6>1> karKNnasrésrEdkenAelITMr ³

4
 As

h d
d'
A's

Maximum bending moment on support is :

Mu  K  ft Mu  kN  m

 Calculate the steel ratio:

Equivalent constant :
Mu  Mu.s
fc  ( 4000psi) if f'c  4000psi fc  27.579 MPa
( 8000psi) if f'c  8000psi
fc  4 Ksi
f'c otherwise

fc  4000psi
β1  0.85  0.05 
1000psi β1  0.85

 3  f'c  psi 200psi 

ρmin  max   ρmin  0.003
 fy fy 

f'c  87Ksi 
ρmax  0.6375  β1   ρmax  0.02
fy  87Ksi  fy 

 Calculate R:
 ρmax  fy 
Ru.max  ϕ  ρmax  fy   1   Ru.max  858.013 psi
 1.7  f'c 
Ru.max  5.916 MPa

 Calculate the maximum moment:

2
Mu1  Ru.max  b  d Mu1  376.785 K  ft

5
 Mu1  510.826 kN  m
 Check Compression steel is required or not?

Compression  "steel is required" if Mu  Mu1

"steel is not required" otherwise

Compression  "steel is not required"

 Calculate reinforcement bars:

Tension Steel:

 Mu 
As  As'   Ru   if Mu  Mu1
 b d
2 
 
 0.85  f'c   2  R u 
 
ρ  1  1   
 fy   0.85  ϕ  f'c  
 
 As  ( ρ  b  d) if ρmin  ρ  ρmax 
 
 0 otherwise 
As''   As1  ρmax  b  d  if Mu  Mu1

 Mu2  Mu  Mu1 
 
 As2 
Mu2 
 ϕ  fy  ( d  d') 
 
 ρ' 
As2 
 b d 
 
As.max  b  d   ρmax  ρ'
 

 As  min  As1  As2 As.max 

2 2
As  2.469 in As  15.928 cm

Compression Steel:

6
A's  A''s   As1  ρmax  b  d  if Mu  Mu1
 
 Mu2  Mu  Mu1 
 Mu2 
 As2  
 ϕ  fy  ( d  d') 
 As.max  ρmax  b  d

 
 As  min  As1  As2 As.max 
 
 a  As1 
fy 
 0.85  f'c  b 
 
 c
a 
 β1 
 
  
f's  min  87  Ksi 
c  d'   
 fy
  c   
 A's  As2 if f's = fy 
 
  f y 
  s2 
A  if f's  fy 
  f's  
0 otherwise

2 2
A's  0 in A's  0 cm

 Choose Number of reinforcement bars:

Area of diameter bar:

2
π  db 2 2
Ab  Ab  0.487 in Ab  3.142 cm
4
Number of compression reinforcement bars:
 A's 
Nc.s  ceil   Nc.s  0
 Ab 
Number of tensile reinforcement bars:

 As 
Nt.s  ceil   Nt.s  6
 Ab 

 Actual Area of reinforcement bars in use:

Compression steel:

7
 2 2
A's  Ab  Nc.s A's  0 in A's  0 cm

A's
ρ'  ρ'  0
b d

Tensile steel:
2 2
As  Ab  Nt.s As  2.922 in As  18.85 cm

As
ρ  ρ  0.012
b d

Total reinforcement ratio is:

ρtotal  ρ  ρ' ρtotal  0.012

 Verification of nominal moment:

 f'c   d'   87Ksi 

k  0.85  β1      k  0.003
 fy   d   87Ksi  fy 

As  fy
a  a
0.85  f'c  b

a' 
 As  A's  fy
0.85  f'c  b
a''  A1  0.85  β1  f'c  b
A2  A's   87  Ksi  0.85  f'c  As  fy
A3  87  Ksi  A's  d'

  A 2  A2  4  A1  A3
1 2
c c' 
2  A1 

  A2  A2  4  A1  A3
1 2
c'' 
2  A1
c c' if c'  0
c'' otherwise
a''  β1  c
a a if Mu  Mu1
a a' if ( ρ  ρ')  k otherwise
a'' otherwise

a  4.656 in a  11.827 cm

8
 ϕMn  ϕ  As  fy   d  
a
ϕMn 
 2
ϕMn'  f's  c A1  0.85  β1  f'c  b
A2  A's   87  Ksi  0.85  f'c  As  fy
A3  87  Ksi  A's  d'

  A2  A2  4  A1  A3
1 2
c' 
2  A1

  A 2  A2  4  A1  A3
1 2
c'' 
2  A1 
c c' if c'  0
c'' otherwise
f's  fy if ( ρ  ρ')  k

 87Ksi  c  d'  otherwise

 
 c 

ϕ   As  fy  A's  f's   d    A's  f's  ( d  d')

a 
  2 
ϕMn  ϕMn if  ρmin  ρ  ρmax  Mu  Mu1
ϕMn' if  ρmin  ρ  ρmax  ρ'  Mu  Mu1
0 otherwise

ϕMn  239 K  ft ϕMn  324 kN  m

Check  " Section is OK !!! " if Mu  ϕMn

" Section is damage " otherwise

Check  " Section is OK !!! "

6.1. Rectangular beam design

6.2. T-beam design

6>2> karKNnasésEdkenAkNþa lElVg ³

9
 bf

h d

As

Maximum bending moment at mid span is :

Mu  Mu.mid Mu  100 K  ft Mu  135.47 kN  m

 Calculate ultimate moment of total flange is:

bf  min   16t  bw L

L  bf  59.055 in bf  150 cm
4 
Cft  0.85  f'c  bf  t Cft  1362 K Cft  6056 kN

Muft  ϕ  Cft   d  
t
Muft  1775 K  ft Muft  2406 kN  m
 2
 Check if the section acts as a rectangular or T-section:

Equivalent constant :

fc  ( 4000psi) if f'c  4000psi fc  27.579 MPa

( 8000psi) if f'c  8000psi
fc  4 Ksi
f'c otherwise

fc  4000psi
β1  0.85  0.05  β1  0.85
1000psi

 3  f'c  psi 200psi 

ρmin  max   ρmin  0.003
 fy fy 

f'c 87Ksi
ρb  0.85  β1   ρb  0.027
fy 87Ksi  fy

ρmax  0.75  ρb ρmax  0.02

Check  "T-section design." if Mu  Muft

"Rectangular section design." otherwise

Check  "Rectangular section design."

10
b  bw if Check = "Rectangular section design." b  30 cm
bf if Check = "T-section design." b  11.811 in

Cf  0.85  f'c  t   b  bw Cf  0 K Cf  0 kN

Cf 2 2
Asf  Asf  0 in Asf  0 cm
fy

Muf  ϕ  Cf   d  
t
Muw  Muw  99.923 K  ft Muw  135 kN  m
 2
Muw  Mu  Muf

Mu
Ru  Ru  Ru  1.569 MPa
2
bw  d
Muw Ru  0.228 Ksi
Ruw 
2
bw  d
Ru  Ru if Mu  Muft
Ruw otherwise

 f'c   2  Ru 
ρ   0.85    1  1  ρ  0.005
 fy   0.85  ϕ  f'c 

2
As  As'  ρ  bw  d As  7.328 cm
As''  As'  Asf 2
As  1.136 in
As  As' if Mu  Muft
As'' otherwise

As
ρw  ρw  0.005
b d

 Control the maximum reinforcement area use in section:

As.max  0.0319  b  t  b   d  t if f'  3Ksi

  f w   c
   2 
0.0425  b  t  b   d  t if f'  4Ksi
  f w   c
   2 
2 2
As.max  20.321 in As.max  131.102 cm

11
 As.max
ρmax  ρmax  0.081
b d

Control  "Section is OK!!!" if As.max  As

"Section is too hight reinforcement ratio." otherwise

Control  "Section is OK!!!"

 Number of reinforcement bars in used :
2
π  db
Nt.mid  Av  Nt.mid  3
4
 As 
N  ceil  
 Av 
2
π  db 2 2
As.new  Nt.mid  As.new  1.461 in As.new  9.425 cm
4
As.new
ρnew  ρnew  0.006
bw  d

 Verification with nominal moment :

As.new  fy
a'  a'  2.328 in a'  5.914 cm
0.85  f'c  b

Check  "Rectangular analysis." if a'  t

"T-section analysis." otherwise

Check  "Rectangular analysis."

0.85  f'c  t   b  bw

a  Asf  a  5.914 cm
fy
a  2.328 in
a
 As.new  Asf   fy
0.85  f'c  bw
a a' if Check = "Rectangular analysis."
a if Check = "T-section analysis."

ϕMn'  ϕ  As.new  fy   d  
a
ϕMn 
 2
ϕMn''  ϕ   As.new  Asf   fy   d    Asf  fy   d 
a t 

  2  2 
ϕMn  ϕMn' if Check = "Rectangular analysis."
ϕMn'' if Check = "T-section analysis."

ϕMn  127 K  ft ϕMn  172 kN  m

12
 Check  "Section is Ok!!!" if Mu  ϕMn
"Section is damage" otherwise

Check  "Section is Ok!!!"

6.2. T-beam design

7. V & T Design

7> karKNnaEdkkg ³
7>1> karKNnaEdkkgTb;nig kMlaMgkat;TTwg ³
 Maximum shear force on support is :

Vu  Vu.s Vu  53.856 K Vu  239.55 kN

 Shear value at distance d from support :

Ln  L  Cx Ln  17.06 ft Ln  5.2 m

  Vu  Vu.midVu.d  46 K
d
Vu.d  Vu  Vu.d  206 kN
0.5  Ln

Vc  2  f'c  psi  bw  d Vc  30 K Vc  134 kN

ϕVc  ϕ  2  f'c  psi  bw  d ϕVc  27 K ϕVc  120 kN

Vs 
 Vu.d  ϕVc Vs  21 K Vs  95 kN
ϕ

ϕVs  Vu.d  ϕVc ϕVs  19 K ϕVs  86 kN

2
π  ds 2 2
Av  2  Av  0.243 in Av  0.243 in
4

 d  Av  fy.s  
Sv.max  Smax1  min    24in Sv.max  26 cm
 2  50psi  bw  
Smax2  min  12in
d  Sv.max  10.236 in
4 
 Smax1 
S'  floor    1cm if Vs  2Vc
 1cm 
 Smax2 
floor    1cm if Vs  2Vc
 1cm 
0 otherwise

13
 Av  fy  d
Sv  S Sv  26 cm
Vs
S  min  S Sv.max Sv  10.236 in

S  floor  S   1cm if V  4V
    s c
  1cm  
0 otherwise

7>2> karKNnaEdkkgTb;nig kMlaMg rmYl ³

Maximum torsion force is : Tu  6.373 K  ft Tu  8.64 kN  m
 Determine sectional properties :

Xo

Yo A oh Y1

X1

xo  b yo  h

x1  b  3.5in x1  8.311 in x1  21.11 cm

y1  h  3.5in y1  20.122 in y1  51.11 cm

2 2
Aoh  x1  y1 Aoh  167.235 in Aoh  1079 cm
2 2
Ao  0.85  Aoh Ao  142.15 in Ao  917 cm
2 2
Acp  xo  yo Acp  279.001 in Acp  1800 cm

Ph  2   x1  y1  Ph  56.866 in Ph  144.44 cm

Pcp  2   xo  yo Pcp  70.866 in Pcp  180 cm

2
 
Acp
Ta  ϕ  f'c  psi  Ta  5 K  ft Ta  7 kN  m
Pcp
4Ta  20 K  ft 4Ta  27 kN  m

Tu   4Ta if Tu  4Ta Tu  6 K  ft Tu  8.64 kN  m

Tu otherwise

 Check the adequacy of the size of the section :

14
 2 2
 Vu.d   Tu  Ph 
Lift     Lift  161.384 psi
 bw  d   1.7  Aoh2 

 Vc  
Right  ϕ      8  f'c  psi Right  541.942 psi
 bw  d  
Check  "The section is adequate." if Lift  Right
"Increase section." otherwise

Check  "The section is adequate."

 Determine the required closed stirrups due to torsion :

θ  45deg cot ( θ)  1

fyv  fy.s fyl  fyv

Tu 2 2
in cm
At  At  0.009 At  0.022
ϕ  2  Ao  fy.s  cot ( θ) in cm

- KMlatEdkkgTb;T l;C amYynig kMlaMgrmYl ³

Vs
St  Av  St  13 cm
2  fy.s  d

  bw  St  5.118 in
Avt  max At  Av   50  psi  
  fy.s 
2
π  ds
Ast 
4
  Ast Ph  
 min    
S  floor   A vt 8
  1  cm
 1  cm 
S S if Tu  Ta  Lift  Right
0 otherwise

 To find the distribution of longitudinal bars is :

15
  fyv  2 2
Al  A l  A t  Ph     cot ( θ) Al  12.683 cm
 fyl 
2
5 f'c  psi  Acp fyv Al  1.966 in
Al.min   A t  Ph 
fyl fyl
Al  max Al Al.min if Tu  Ta  Lift  Right
0 otherwise

1 2 2
As.top  Al As.top  0.655 in As.top  4.228 cm
3
1 2 2
As.bottom  Al As.bottom  0.655 in As.bottom  4.228 cm
3
1 2 2
As.mid  Al As.mid  0.655 in As.mid  4.228 cm
3

1 4As.mid
dt   dt  0.457 in dt  12 mm
2 π

7>3> kardMerobEdkkgenAkñúgFñwm ³
d
Vu

Vu.d
Maximum
spacing
ØVc +ØVs CL
x1

1/2ØV c

V u.mid

Ln/2

16
 So Sx1 Sx

Ln/2

 Stirrup spacing is:

S  Sv if Tu  Ta S  5.118 in S  13 cm
St otherwise

 First distance from support which can start placing the first stirrups is :
S
x0  x0  2.559 in x0  6.5 cm
2
S0  x0 S0  2.559 in S0  6.5 cm
 Calculate Vs for maximum stirrup spacing:

Av  fy.s  d
Vs  if Tu  Ta Vs  0 K Vs  0 kN
Sv.max
0 otherwise

ϕVs  ϕ  Vs ϕVs  0 K ϕVs  0 kN

 The distance x1 at which maximum stirrups spacing can be used is:

 Vu   ϕVc  ϕVs  Ln 
x1      if Tu  Ta x1  0 cm
 V u  2
0 otherwise x1  0 in

 The distance x at which no shear reinforcement is needed is:

17
  ϕVc  
 u
V   
2 Ln
x      if Tu  Ta x  253.5 cm
 Vu  2 
Ln x  99.803 in
 x0 otherwise
2

 Number of stirrups placing at distance x1 is :

 x1  x0 
Nx1  ceil   Nx1  0
 S 
Sx1  S if Nx1  0 Sx1  0 in Sx1  0 cm
0 otherwise

 Number of stirrups placing at distance x is :

 x  x1 
Nx  ceil   if Tu  Ta Nx  20
 S 
 x  x1 
ceil   otherwise
 S v.max 

Sx  Sv.max if Nx1  0 Sx  5.118 in Sx  13 cm

S otherwise

 Total number of stirrups is:

Nst  Nx1  Nx Nst  20

 Total distance placing total stirrups is:

X  x0   Sv  Nx1   Sv.max  Nx if Tu  Ta X  266.5 cm

 x0  S  Nst otherwise X  104.921 in

 Free distance at midspan is:

 Ln  Ln
x'    X if X  0 x'  0 cm
2  2
x'  0 in
0 otherwise

7. V & T Design

8. Deflection Control

8> karepÞó gpÞat;P aBdab ³

 Maximum moment in member at stage for which deflection is being computed:

18
 Mu.mid
Ma  Ma  67 K  ft Ma  90 kN  m
1.5
8  Ma K kN
w  w  1.375 w  20
2 ft m
L

 Moment of inertia of gross concrete section aboutthe centroidal axis:

3
b h 4 4
Ig  Ig  12974 in Ig  540000 cm
12

 Modulus of rupture of concrete:

fr  7.5  f'c  psi fr  452 psi fr  3 MPa

 Distance from centroidal axis of concrete section:

h
Yt  Yt  11.811 in Yt  30 cm
2

 Cracking moment:
fr  Ig
Mcr  Mcr  496 K  in Mcr  56 kN  m
Yt

 Distance to the neutral axis :

Es
n  n8
Ec
b 2
 x  n  As  x  n  As  d = 0
2
x  a'  0.5  b x  5.072 in x  12.883 cm
b'  n  As
c'   n  As  d
2
Δ'  b'  4  a'  c'
b'  Δ'
x' 
2  a'
b'  Δ'
x'' 
2  a'
x x' if x'  0
x'' otherwise

 Moment of inertia of cracked transformed section:

3
b x 2 4 4
Icr   n  As  ( d  x) Icr  2952 in Icr  122873 cm
3
 The effective moment of inertia is:

19
  Mcr 
3   Mcr  3 4
Ie     Ig  1      Icr Ie  222575 cm
 
Ma   Ma  
4
Ie  5347 in
 Calculate the deflections from the differerent loads:
4
5 wL
Δ   Δ  0.25 in Δ  0.634 cm
384 Ec  Ie

 Compare the calculated values with the allowable deflection:

L
Δall  Δall  0.656 in Δall  1.667 cm
360

 The immediate deflection due to a uniform live load is:

Δll  0.6  Δ Δll  0.15 in Δll  0.38 cm

Deflection  " is OK!!! " if Δll  Δall Deflection  " is OK!!! "
" is not allowed. " otherwise

8. Deflection Control

9. Cracking Control

9> karepÞó gpÞa t;sñameRbH ³

 Crack width limiting:

The ratio of distance from the netural axis to the tension face and to the steel centroid:

- For beam : β  1.2

 Stress in reinforcement at service load:

fs  0.6  fy fs  34.809 Ksi fs  240 MPa

db
dc  Cc  ds  dc  1.969 in dc  5 cm
2

 Number of reinforcement bars: m  Nt.mid

2  dc  b 2 2
A  A  15.5 in A  100 cm
m
2
in 3 6
W  0.076  β  fs  A  dc  10 W  0.25198 mm
lb
W  0.00992 in
 Tolerable crack widths for reinforced concrete:

20
 Exposure condition: Tolerable crack width
1. Dry air or protective membrane: W1  0.016in
2. Humidity, moist air, soil: W2  0.012in
3. Deicing chemicals: W3  0.007in
4. Seawater and Seawater spray, wetting and drying: W4  0.006in
5. Water-retaining structures,excluding nonpressure pipes: W5  0.004in

Cracking  "is OK!!! for Condition No.1" if W  W1

"is OK!!! for Condition No.2" if W  W2
"is OK!!! for Condition No.3" if W  W3
"is OK!!! for Condition No.4" if W  W4
"is OK!!! for Condition No.5" if W  W5
"Cracking is not allowable, thus redesign the section." otherwise

Cracking  "is OK!!! for Condition No.2"

 ACI code provisions for crack control:

Factor related to width of crack:

3 K kN
z  fs  dc  A z  109 z  19
in mm
K
Check  "Cracking is OK!!! for exterior exspoure." if z  145
in
K
"Cracking is OK!!! for interior exspoure." if z  175
in
"Redesign or reducing the value of reinforcement bars" otherwise

Check  "Cracking is OK!!! for interior exspoure."

9. Cracking Control

10. Summary Calculation

10> segçbTinñn½y KNna ³

- kMBs;rbs;F ñwm ³ h  60 cm

- TTwgrbs;F ñwm ³ b  30 cm

- muxkat;sésEdkeFVIk arrbs;F ñwm ³ db  20 mm

21
 - cMnYnsésEdkxageRkamenAelITMrrbs;F ñwm ³ Nc.s  0

- cMnYnsésEdkxagelIenAelI TMrrbs;Fñwm ³ Nt.s  6

- cMnYnsésEdkxageRkamenAkNþalElVg rbs;Fñ wm ³ Nt.mid  3

- muxkat;sésEdkkgrbs;F ñwm ³ ds  10 mm

- cMnYnsésEdkkgsrub rbs;F ñwm ³ Nst  20

- KMlatsésEdkkgdMbUgecjBIEKmrbs;ssr ³ S0  65 mm

- cMnYnsésEdkkgerobenACMh ‘anTI1 rbs;Fñ wm ³ Nx1  0 KMlat ³ Sx1  0 mm

- cMnYnsésEdkkgerobenACMh ‘anTI2rbs; Fñwm ³ Nx  20 KMlat ³ Sx  130 mm
- PaBdabrbs;Fñwm ³ Deflection  " is OK!!! " Δll  4 mm

- sñameRbHrbs;F ñwm ³ W  0.3 mm

10. Summary Calculation

22