Adheen Vyas Bar Vocational Course Civil Procedure PDF

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Adheen Vyas BAR Vocational Course Civil Procedure
Civil Procedure (University of Mauritius)
StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|4796526
CIVIL PROCEDURE
INTRODUTION
Historical
1815 1st Supreme court with original and appellate jurisdiction.
Endowed with powers of Queen’s Bench and Equity
1850 District Court for each district was created
1863 Bench of Magistrates -3 magistrates, having criminal jurisdiction only for serious
offences
1868 Bench of Magistrates changed to Intermediate Court.
1871 Intermediate Court given jurisdiction in criminal matters.
1955 Court of criminal Appeal created to deal with appeals from assizes.
1963 Court of Civil Appeal to deal with appeals from a single judge sitting in open Court (not
in chambers). If there were two judges, there was no appellate jurisdiction, had to go
to Privy Council. There has been proposal from the Mackay report to institute an
appeal from 2 judges to a Court sitting with 5-6 Judges.
Contrary to the criminal jurisdiction, in civil matters there are no juries.
CONTITUTION of the COURTS

A court is defined by:
Its location
Who presides over it
The language used
Rights of audience, who can address the Court, for example… in Chambers cases, the Attorney
at Law can conduct hearing, similarly for civil cases in district Court.
Jurisdictions
Custody of the court

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
THE SUPREME COURT

The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice, the Senior Puisne Judge and a number of
judges. Qualifications required to become a Judge of the Supreme Court:
A Barrister at Law with 5 years standing at the Bar. Nothing prevents a Judge being chosen
from the private practice.
The appointment of the Judges in Mauritius:

The President of the Republic appoints all judges.
The Chief Justice is appointed under the recommendation of the Prime Minister
The Senior Puisne Judge is appointed under the recommendation of the Chief Justice
Other judges are appointed under the recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service
Commission.
The removal of the Judges in office: Please vide Section 78 of the constitution.
Removal of judges on grounds of incapacity or insanity
There is a special procedure for that matter in the constitution. The President must appoint a
special Tribunal. If the tribunal so recommends, the opinion is sent to her Majesty the Queen
and She is to decide.
Jurisdictions of Supreme Court of Mauritius.

The Supreme Court has unlimited jurisdiction under the Constitution. But it has no
jurisdiction under disciplinary law (e.g. police force, SMF, prison services). Usually, these will
have their own disciplinary powers. But the Supreme Court will intervene if the disciplinary
body has misapplied the law (by way of judicial review to quash the decision).
Section 17 ad 18 of the Courts Act- Disciplinary powers of the Supreme Court
These empower the Supreme Court to try cases of the disciplinary nature against a Barrister
at Law, Attorney and Notary Public as regards their professional conduct. There is also an
inherent power of Supreme Court to deal with law practitioners. Under the Law Practitioner’s
Act, the Chief Justice may order disciplinary hearings before all Judges of the Supreme Court.

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Jurisdiction of the Judge in Chambers

Delegated Jurisdictions under Section 71 of the Courts Act- for urgent matters for which there
is no defence.
Inherent jurisdiction as a ‘’ Juge de Référé ’’ under Art 806 of the Code de Procédure Civil.
Power to grant Injunctions, but such to the power to dissolve such Injunction is by way of
Motion to the Supreme Court.
Appellate Jurisdiction of the Judge in Chambers under the Customs Act and Town and Country
Planning Act.
Chamber sittings:-
Judges sit in Chambers even during vacation time - 3 days per week : Mondays, Wednesdays
and Fridays (1 judge per day) from 10.00 am. There are also two special sittings of the
Supreme Court for urgent matters.
The Bankruptcy Division:

The Master
There is a Master and Registrar (M&R) and a Deputy M&R who shall be barristers with at
least 3 years standing at the bar. It was a recommendation of the Mackay report that they
should be attorneys.
The M&R is also the Judges in Bankruptcy. The M& R conducts judicial sales, probate and Will
matters . The M& R conducts two sittings per week; Tuesdays and Thursdays.
The duties of M&R

1. The conduct and hearing of formal matter (civil matter only) up to the day of trial.
2. Power to give such orders and such directions as may require the justice, expeditions,
and economical disposal of proceedings.
3. Deals with matters of audit Enquiry and Accounts (administration).
4. All such matters as have been referred to him by the Chief Justice (mostly
administration), a Judge (issuing of Writ and Warrants) or the Court (computation of
accounts).
The Chief Registrar is responsible for the taxing of costs and the swearing of affidavits, (which
is then evidence in Chief).

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Evidence outside the Court can be admissible, e.x Commission Rogatoire and De Bene Esse
proceedings.
The M& R as Judge in Bankruptcy
Deals with matters under the Bankruptcy law, law of insolvency and winding up of companies.
The M&R presides over it concurrently with judges of the Supreme Court.
However, the Bankruptcy division has no jurisdiction to inflict penalties for offences
committed under the Bankruptcy Act. Such offences must be tried by the Intermediate Court.
Criminal Jurisdiction of Supreme Court

Assizes- offences of a serious nature. Beforehand, there needs to be a Preliminary Enquiry
where the Magistrate recommends that the matter be tried before the assizes.
Equitable jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Please vide the case of Banymandub v/s Kwan Cheung Woo (1965) MR
All WRITS (Mandamus, Habere Facias Possessionem, Writ of Injunction) are equitable
remedies. The Supreme Court derives equitable jurisdiction from its inherent
jurisdiction.
Constitutional matters
The Supreme Court can declare anti-constitutional any law null and void (Please vide section
2 of the Constitution.
Please vide the case of Mahboob v/s Govt of Mauritius (1982) MR

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Appellate Jurisdiction
The Supreme Court hears appeals from final judgements of lower courts including the M&R.
The judgement of a Judge of the Supreme Court sitting in open court must be made to the
Court of Civil Appeal.
The judgement of the Judge in Chambers to the Supreme Court
The judgement of two Judges or more must be made to the Judicial Committee of the Privy
Council.
Rights of Audience
Defined under the Law Practitoner’s Act 1984, a foreign barrister (not registered in
Mauritius) can address the court with leave of the Chief Justice. An attorney can address the
Judge-in Chambers in open court only in formal matters.
District Courts
In the District Courts, the Magistrate had both a civil and a criminal jurisdiction and is under
the administrative control of the Chief Justice but under disciplinary control of the Judicial
and Legal Services Commission (JLSC). The qualification is 2 years standing at the Bar and the
appointment is made by the JLSC.
The Port-Louis District Court has 3 divisions; the first Civil and the other 2 Criminal. The
District Court of Plaine Wilhems has two District Courts. The District Courts sit in public
except for the Juvenile Court, which sits in camera (juveniles are involved).
In civil matters the Plaint is lodged in the District Court where the Defendant resides. In
Criminal matters, the information is lodged in the District where the offence has been
committed. The Magistrate is assisted by the District Clerk who is also responsible for issuing
Summons and processes. The usher enforces discipline and control. The Police Officer has no
power at all.

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Jurisdiction of District Court
For money claims under Rs 250,000/-

Except for actions under Landlord and Tenant Act- which can be lodged irrespective of the
amount of rent.
Possessory action v/s action petitoire
Criminal Matters: offences under the Road Traffic Act, Public Health Act and non-serious
offences.
Maximum sentence: Rs 2000 fine and 2 years imprisonment. But under the Customs Act and
Revenue Law, the Magistrate has no upper limit in imposing fine.
Criminal matters – the DPP may request to hold Judicial Inquiry or Preliminary Enquiry.
Judicial Inquiry- whenever a person has been killed or committed suicide; the purpose being to
find out whether somebody can be charged with an offence.
Preliminary Enquiry-purpose is to find out whether an accused can be committed before the
assizes.
Exclusive Jurisdiction
Magistrates have exclusive jurisdiction, under Landlord and Tenant Act, Bail
By special law - Lunacy Act. Relative can apply to Magistrate for interim order of detention at
mental institution for somebody mentally insane.
Applications for the sale of liquor and rum
Road Traffic Act- refusal of renewal of driving licence.
Chambers Jurisdiction
Swearing of affidavits
Civil Status Matters- rectification of Civil Status Acts
Reinstatement of minor
Conciliator between neighbours and spouse- behaves like a ‘’Juge de Paix’’. The function is
purely advisory and there is no legal obligation for him to do so. The advice has not force of
law.

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Arbitrator in dealing in small claims not exceeding Rs25,000/- Small Claims Tribunal.
Repossession of personal belongings (in case of disputes between spouses)
Payment of alimony
Rodrigues District Court

The Honourable Magistrate has all the jurisdictions of a District Magistrate in Mauritius in
both Civil and Criminal matters and all powers of the industrial court. Whenever a case is
referred to it by the DPP, he has all the powers of the Intermediate Court.
In divorce cases, he has all the jurisdiction of the Master and Registrar of the Supreme Court
and Judge in Chambers, i.e. he can impose a reconciliatory sitting, Preliminary hearings and
make provisional orders e.g. payment of alimony, provisional custody etc……
Intermediate Court(IC)
Since 1999, the jurisdiction has been given to the Magistrate to sit alone. But it is at the
discretion of the President to put more than one Magistrate given the importance and
complexity of the case. The maximum sentence that can be imposed is 8 years penal servitude
or 5 years imprisonment. In the case of a persistent offender, the maximum is 12 years penal
servitude.
The Intermediate Court can only try 3 counts at once. But the District Court can try an
unlimited number of counts.
For money claims, the IC has jurisdiction for sums more than Rs 50,000 but less or equal to Rs
500,000/-.[ AMENDED: ]
In certain cases, the IC has no jurisdiction and parties must go to the District Court.
Cases under the Landlord and Tenant Act are the exclusive jurisdiction of the District Court.
The Industrial Court

The industrial Court was created in 1937 following labour unrest at that time. The Court was
mobile. Now it consists of a President and Magistrates.
Jurisdiction
Labour Act

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
EPZ Act
Workmen Compensation Act
Export Services Act
Passenger Transport Industrial Retiring Act
Sugar Industry Retiring Act
Lodging a Plaint
Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Labour in the name of a ‘worker’ can lodge a Plaint.
However, if there is an appeal from the judgement of the Industrial Court, the appeal must be
directed at the worker himself.
A request can be made to the State Law Office to represent the worker on appeal if he has no
means. If the worker is illiterate/incapacitated, the District Clerk helps him in drafting the
Plaint.
Distinction between Appeal and Review

Appealing from the Industrial Court to the Supreme Court: Appeal must be made within 21
days - like any other appeal to the SC.
Review is a different route. It refers the case to a Reviewing authority. Procedure for review is
by a letter to the Chief Justice giving the grounds of appeal within 6 weeks of the day of
judgement. Appeal must be on a point of law and not only on the facts.
If Chief Justice grants the application, a day is fixed for hearing. Notice is given to all parties.
The case is heard by a Judge of the Supreme Court. The opinion of the reviewing authority is
transmitted to the Magistrate of the Industrial Court and becomes the judgement in the
Industrial Court.
However, an appeal can be made against the judgement in the Supreme Court.

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Legal Aid
Pauper are defined as those:
Not owning property exceeding Rs 750,000
Not earning more than Rs 10,000 per month
There is a special section of the Supreme Court dealing with paupers (informa pauperis cases)
LODGING OF CASES
Cases can be entered by 4 ways, namely;
Plaint with Summons (PWS)
Petition (e.g. Divorce Petition)
Actions for Habeas Corpus
Proecipe & Praecipe and Affidavit (before the Judge in Chambers)
COMMENCEMENT OF CASES IN THE SUPREME COURT
Introduction:
Almost all case entered by the Supreme Court is by way of Plaint with Summons (PWS).
Exception:
⋄Cases to be entered by way of Motion supported by affidavit
⋄Action for issues by Prerogative Order, e.g: Writs of injunction, Certiorari and Mandamus.
Law of England of Writs applies.
⋄Cases requiring urgency e.g. move to amend an act
⋄If Procedure by way of Motion is prescribed by any enactment e.g. actions to draw water
from rivers and canals.

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Precedent of MOTION supported by AFFIDAVIT
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MAURITIUS

(Rodrigues Division)
In the matter of:-
Marie Danie LISETTE, a Teacher, residing at Caverne Provert Rodrigues.
APPLICANT
v/s
Claudino LAROSE, a security officer, of Cavern Provert, Rodrigues.

RESPONDENT
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
FIRST AFFIDAVIT OF THE APPLICANT
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
I, Marie Danie LISETTE, a Teacher, residing at Caverne Provert, Rodrigues and holder of a
National Identity Card bearing No. L230676810457C.
MAKE OATH AND SAY THAT:-

1. I am the Applicant in the above matter
2. I aver that since in or about the year 2010, the Respondent and I were living as
husband and wife at my place.
3. From our intimate relation, one child, named Ann Léa LAROSE was born on the 28 th
December 2011.
I am hereby annexing the birth certificate of our minor child to that effect
marked Doc A.
10

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
4. I aver that the Respondent is violent and aggressive against me. I aver that on several
occasions, the Respondent acted violently against me.
5. I aver that on the 27th November 2014, I forced him to leave my house. I aver that since
then, the Respondent and I are living separately and our minor child is living with me.
6. I aver that I am the only one who takes all the responsibilities of our minor child. I am
the only one who takes care of her and providing her with all the necessities of life and
most importantly all the love and affection.
7. I aver that I am the only one who incurs all the monthly expenses for our minor child,
as particularized hereunder:
Details Amount
Food, including yogurt, vitamins etc… Rs 3,000/-
Educational expenses Rs 200/-
Clothes / shoes etc… Rs 1,000/-
Miscellaneous (imprevus) Rs 15,00/-
TOTAL Rs 5,700/
8. I aver that I earn a monthly salary of Rs 27,000/- out of which I have to repay loans in
the sum of Rs 17,000/-.
9. I have difficulty to pay for all my monthly expenses. I aver that each month, I have to
borrow money from my relatives so as to make both ends meet.
10. I aver that the Respondent is not contributing to the upkeep and maintenance of our
minor child.
11. I need a monthly alimony of Rs 4,000/- from the Respondent for the upkeep and
maintenance of our minor child.
12. I aver that the Respondent is a security officer, he earns a monthly salary of about Rs
14,000/- . He is also the President of the Bus Cooperative Union. He has the means and
he can easily contribute the said sum of Rs 4,000/- for the upkeep and maintenance of
our minor child.
11

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
13. I aver that I have no objection that a right of visit be granted to the Respondent. I aver
that the Respondent has no house. He lives at her mother`s place.
14. In these circumstances, it is urgent and necessary that Your Lordship may be pleased
to make an ORDER:
A: granting to me the sole custody of our minor child, Ann Léa LAROSE.
B: ordering and condemning the Respondent to pay to me a monthly

alimony of Rs 4,000/- for the upkeep and maintenance of our minor
child..
C: making such other Order as Your Lordship may deem fit and proper.
15. I humbly pray accordingly.
Sworn by the above named Deponent )

at Chambers, District Court House, Port-Mathurin, Rodrigues )
This …………..day of June 2015. )
Drawn up & explained by me. Before me,
L.R.TOULOUSE
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW
This affidavit is to be used in a case to be lodged before the Supreme Court (Rodrigues
Division)
L.R.TOULOUSE
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW

(Rodrigues Division)
12

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
In the matter of:-

APPLICANT
v/s

RESPONDENT
NOTICE OF MOTION:
TAKE NOTICE You the above named Respondent that Applicant shall on the ……..day of….………….
2015 at …………. hours move the above Court situated at Supreme Court of Mauritius (Rodrigues
Division), District Court House, Port-Mathurin for an ORDER,
A: granting to Applicant the sole custody of the minor child, Ann Léa LAROSE ,
B: ordering and condemning the Respondent to pay to Applicant a monthly alimony of Rs

4,000/- for the upkeep and maintenance of our minor child,
And this for the reasons fully set forth in the herewith annexed affidavit, a copy of which is herewith
served upon you in order that you may not plead or pretend ignorance of same.
WARNING YOU that the said motion will be made on the day and at the hour aforesaid whether you
be present or not.
Under all legal reservations.
Dated at Port Louis, this 5th day of June 2015.
L.R.TOULOUSE
Of Suite 509, 5th floor, St James Court, St Denis Street, Port Louis.
APPLICANT’S ATTORNEY
To/
13

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
In the matter of: -
APPLICANT
v/s
RESPONDANT
MOTION PAPER:
Counsel is instructed to move the above Court for an Order:
A: granting to Applicant the sole custody of the two minor child, Ann Léa LAROSE.
B: ordering and condemning the Respondent to pay to Applicant a monthly alimony of Rs

4,000/- for the upkeep and maintenance of the minor child.
And this for the reasons fully set forth in the hereto-annexed Affidavit.
Under all legal reservations

Dated at Port Louis, this 5th day of June 2015.
L.R.TOULOUSE
th
Of Suite 509, 5 floor, St James Court, St Denis Street, Port Louis
APPLICANT’S ATTORNEY instructing B. Préle-Frundi of Counsel
The drafting of the Plaint with Summons (PWS)
14

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
AB, profession, of address of Plaintiff

Plaintiff
v/s
CD, profession & address of the Defendant.
Defendant
In the presence of:
EF, ………………………………….
Co-defendant
PLAINT WITH SUMMONS
Body – tell of story
Background (i.e. matters of inducement – controversial matters).
Accident (particulars of accident)
Cause of action (faute, negligence etc…)
Damage
Defendant bound to make good damages
Prayer for Honourable Court to order Defendant to pay Plaintiff.
SUMMONS
WARNING
15

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
A warning to the effect that the party should appear in Court on a specified day and time to
take a Stand in case and file a defence if any, and inform him that if he fail to appear or be
represented, the Court may give judgement against him in terms of Plaint with Summons.
TENDER OF EVIDENCE
The PWS must also contain a Notice of Tender of Evidence describing the evidence, which the
Plaintiff intends to adduce in evidence, and stating where they can be seen or inspected within
a reasonable time before the hearing of the trial of the case.

Address of Attorney_ take to be address of plaintiff
Description of Documents
16

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
In the matter of:

1. Mr Khem NOYENSING,
2. Mrs Hema Urvashi NOYENSING,
Both Plaintiffs electing their legal domicile in the office of the undersigned
Attorney at Law.
PLAINTIFFS
v/s
1. Mr Harrydev DOORGAH, residing at Vacoas, Route Quinze Cantons.
2. Mrs Daboo DOORGAH, residing at Vacoas, Route Quinze Cantons.
DEFENDANTS
PLAINT WITH SUMMONS:

1. Plaintiffs aver that on the 18 th December 2013, Plaintiffs and Defendants have signed a deed
under private signature, known as a ``compromis de vente``. The Defendant No.1 signed the
deed under private signature on his personal name and as proxy, on behalf the Defendant
No.2.
2. Plaintiffs aver according to the said deed under private signature, the Defendant No. 1 and 2
`` sèngagent et sòbligent ….. ã vendre, céder et abandoner ……..les biens et droits
immobiliers…..dépendant dùn immeuble dénommé `` RESIDENCE SOLITUDE`` situate at
Impasse Cyprès No.1, Mon Désir, Paillote, Candos for and in considerations of a sum of Rs
2.5m /-.
3. Plaintiffs aver that the internal area of the house shall be 137.72 m2 (lot No. 4) viz, `` un
appartement ã usage residentiel, au premier étage ( Niveau 2) du dit immeuble est composé
comme suit-
17

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
LE REZ DE CHAUSSĒE- NIVEAU 1
a. Une porche de dix-neuf mètres carrés et quatre-vingt-dix-dix-huit centième (19.98

m2)
b. Un salon de dix-sept mètres carrés et seize centièmes (17.16 m2)
c. Une salle ã manger de seize mètres et trente trois centièmes (16.33 m2)
d. Une cuisine de dix metres carrés et soixante – cinq centièmes (10.65 m2)
e. Une sale de bains et des toilettes de quatre mètres et cinquante centièmes (4.50 m2)
LE PREMIER ĒTAGE-NIVEAU 2
a. Un balcon de quatre mètre carrés et quatre vingt dix neuf centièmes (4.99 m2)
b. Une premiere chambre ã coucher de dix metres carrés et cinquante-six centièmes ( 10. 56
m2)
c. Un salon de quatorze mètres carrés et dix centièmes (14.10 m2)
d. Une deuxième chamber ã coucher de quinze mètres carrés et quinze centièmes (15.15 m2)
e. Une premiere salle de bains et des toilettes quatres mètres carrés et cinquantes centièmes
f. Des escaliers de trois mètres carrés et de quatre-vingt – quatorze centièmes (3.94 m2)
g. Une deuxième salle de bains et des toilettes de cinq mètres carrés et six centièmes (5.06
m2)
h. Une troisième chamber ã coucher de dix mètres et quatres-vingt centièmes (10.80m2).
4. The quote part in the relation to the `` parties communes `` is 196/1000 èmes.
5. Plaintiffs aver that it was agreed that Defendants shall complete the construction of the
house and shall transmit the `` propriété`` to Plaintiffs at latest on the 31 st April 2014.
6. Plaintiffs aver that it was also agreed between the parties that Plaintiffs would make a first
payment in the sum of Rs 1,000,000/- on the day of the signature of the `` compromis de
vente``.
7. Plaintiffs aver that it was also agreed between the parties that the balance due, viz, the sum
of Rs 1,500,000/- will be paid `` en une seule tranche `` on the 31st July 2014, `` ã condition
que la construction de làppartement soit terminé au plus tard le 30/04/2014 ``………
18

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
8. Plaintiff aver that on the 18th December 2013, Plaintiff and Defendants have signed the deed
under private signature.
9. Plaintiffs aver that on the same date, they made a first payment in the sum of Rs 1,000,000/-
to the Defendants.
10. Plaintiffs aver that the Defendants have failed to complete the construction and delivery of
the house on the 31st April 2014.
11. Plaintiffs aver that by the wrongful acts and doings of the Defendants amount to a breach of
contract, Plaintiffs have suffered and are still suffered damages.
11. Plaintiffs further aver that due the wrongful acts and doings of the Defendants, Plaintiffs have
had to rent a house and have been paying rent.
12. Plaintiffs also aver that it was commonly agreed by the parties that `` qu`ã défaut par les
vendeurs de ne pas pouvoir transmettre la propriété dudit immeuble ã l`époque sus-fixée, viz,
on the 31st April 2014, et huit jours après soit le service dùne simple mise en demeure soit
quùne simple lettre ait été addressée aux vendeurs ã son adresse sus-énoncée, et ce, aux frais
de ces derniers, et rester sans effet, toute somme versée par les acquéreurs doit être retournée
aux acquéreurs et une somme équivalente doit être versée aux acquéreurs ã titre de
dommages et intérêts……```.
13. Plaintiffs aver that on the 14th August 2014, a Notice `` Mise en demeure`` was served upon the
Defendants.
14. Plaintiffs avers that more than eight days have elapsed since the service of the Notice `` Mise
en demeure``. Plaintiffs avers that up to now, the Defendants have failed, neglected and
refused to make the delivery of the house to Plaintiffs.
15. As a result of Defendants and doings which amounts to a breach of contract, Plaintiffs has
suffered damages which they estimate in the sum of Rs 3,115,000/-.
16. Plaintiffs therefore pray from this Honourable Court for a judgment:
a) Declaring and decreeing null and void the agreement reached between Plaintiffs and
Defendants on the 18th December 2013;
b) Ordering the Defendants to reimburse to Plaintiffs the said sum of Rs 1,000,000/- which
Plaintiffs have made as a first payment to Defendants on the 18 th December 2013;
c) Condemning and Ordering the Defendants to pay to the Plaintiffs the sum of Rs 1,000,000/- as
damages as is provided for under the deed under private signature;
19

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
d) Condemning and Ordering the Defendants to pay to the Plaintiffs the sum of Rs 25,000/- as
costs of the Notice `` Mise en demeure``; as is provided for under the deed under private
signature;
e) Condemning and Ordering the Defendants to pay to the Plaintiffs the sum of Rs 90,000/- as
rent paid by Plaintiff No. 1 to his landlord;
f) Condemning and Ordering the Defendants jointly and in solido to pay to the Plaintiffs the sum
of Rs 1,000,000/- as moral damages for stress and worries;
g) And making such other Order as may be deemed fit and proper in the circumstances.
WITH COSTS
TAKE NOTICE, You, the above named Defendants, that you are hereby requested, called upon and
summoned to be and appear before the Supreme Court, Jules Koenig Street, Port Louis, on
the ......................................, 2015 at 9.30 o’clock in the forenoon to answer the above named Plaintiffs in the
above matter.
TAKE FURTHER NOTICE, You, the above-named Defendants that the Plaintiffs in this cause, whilst
reserving their rights to tender other documents if need be, intend to adduce at the hearing the
documents hereunder specified, and that same may be inspected by You, the Defendants, your
Attorneys or agents, at the office of the undersigned Attorney at Law on any office day and during
office hours, and that, You, the Defendants will be required to admit that such documents, as are
specified to be originals are true originals and such as are specified to be copies are true copies and
have been written, signed or executed as they purport to have been saving all just exceptions as to the
admissibility of the said documents as evidence in this cause.
AND TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that failure by you to appear or to be represented may result in the
Court delivering judgement against you in favour of Plaintiffs in terms of the Plaint.
Dated at Port Louis, this 25th day of May, 2015.
L.R.TOULOUSE
Of Suite 509e, St. James Court, St.Denis Street, Port Louis.
Plaintiffs’ Attorney instructing Reena RAMDIN of Counsel
DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENTS:
1. The deed under private.
2. The official receipt No. 0265.
20

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
3. The Notice `` Mise en demeure`` dated the 14th August 2014, with the Usher`s return.
4. The lease agreement between the Plaintiff No. 1 and his landlord.
NB:
Rule 2 of the Supreme Court Rule 2000 provides:
Except as other provided for under any enactment, and subject to paragraph 2, civil &
commercial proceedings before the Supreme Court in its original jurisdiction shall be
initiated by way of PWS.
Please vide the definition of the word ‘’ shall’’ IGCA.
Rule 2(2) provides an action may be initiated by way of Motion supported by affidavit
where
(a) The action is one for the prerogative Order;
(b) The circumstances require urgency,
(c) It is so prescribed in these rules.
Rule 2(3) provides that an action before the Judge in Chambers shall be entered by way of
proecipe supported by affidavit.
Rule 3 provides for the contents of the PWS.

Rule 3(1) provides that the a PWS shall-
(a) State the name, occupation and addresses of the parties
(b) State the substance of the cause of action,
(c) Call upon the defendant or other party to appear before the Court on a date and time
specified in the summons, here in after referred to as the ‘’ returnable date’’,
(d) Be accompanied by a notice describing the documentary evidence which the Plaintiff
intends to adduce at the hearing, where the documents may be examined within a
reasonable time before the hearing,
(3) Every PWS shall be endorsed with the full name, office address and stamp of the
Plaintiff’s Attorney which shall be the elected domicile of the Plaintiff
21

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
(4) Every PWS shall specify –

(a) the purpose of the appearance of the defendant or other party,
(b)that a failure by the defendant or other party to appear may result in Court delivering
judgement against him in favour of the Plaintiff in terms of the Plaint.
Rule 4 provides for the lodging or filling of the PWS

(a) Be lodged in the Registry of the Supreme Court,
(b) Be numbered according to the order in which it is lodged
(2) Every PWS shall bear the signature of the M and Registrar.
(3) Every PWS shall be served upon the defendant or other party not later than 14 clear days
before the returnable date.
Rule 5 provides for the methods of service

(a) Registered post with advice of delivery;
(b) Usher
Rule 6 provides for the service by post
Filing
When filing Plaint with Summons, need to file 2 copies with original. Copies will be certified,
taxed and served to the defendant (and any other party). If there are 2 defendants, need 3
copies send so on.
The other copies are served by the usher on the defendants at least 14 days before the
returnable date.
In the case of posting, the attorney must file a declaration containing the name and address
of the defendant and accompanied by a certificate of posting. If service is still not possible,
then the plaintiff can apply for Substituted Service.
22

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Substituted Service (SS)

Rule 7 provides for the SS
If the plaintiff can prove to the satisfaction of the court that:
(1) Various unsuccessful attempts have been made to effect service and, either
(2) Service on the defendant is not possible or that his whereabouts are unknown, or
(3) Service was effected in the absence of the defendant on a close relative of the
defendant e.g. his wife, children or parents,
The court may order Personal Service of the summons, either
a. By affixing the PWS on the door of the defendant’s last known residence,
b. By publishing in a newspaper,
c. TV broadcast
d. By other alternative methods of service, e.g. affixing in the town hall, village council
building of the area where the defendant last resided.
Time limit for service.
PWS must be served on the defendant at least 14 days before the trial or hearing
Returnable date
It is the date of the hearing or the date specified for appearance in the summons. On that date
the M&R has jurisdiction to deal with all formal matters up to the hearing of the merits. All
disputes concerning particulars of pleadings and inspection of documents are settled before
the Master & Registrar. The returnable date before the Master is usually on Tuesdays and
Thursday at 9.45.
On the returnable date, the defendant can come admit the debt. If he is not present, judgment
can be taken against him if the claim is for a fixed sum. If the amount of damages is not for a
fixed sum, the case has to be made out before a judge, not the Master as the Master cannot
give judgement.
23

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Pleadings
There are only 3 pleadings in an action entered by Plaint with Summons
The Plaint
The Plea
The Reply
Particulars of pleading
Particulars can be asked either of PWS or plea. The other party can also ask for
communication of documents (i.e. those in possession of the adverse party and intended to be
produced at the hearing).It can be asked amicably by Attorneys by means of a letter
containing the demand of particulars. The answers must be in Legal form containing both the
questions put to the plaintiff or the defendant together with the answer. Both demand and
answer to particulars must be filed in the Registry of the Supreme Court. The purpose behind
asking for particulars are various e.g. for information and to avoid being taken by surprise, to
limit the issues between the parties and it is also a powerful way of attacking the opponent’s
pleadings.
A party is bound by the particulars and cannot withdraw them except when it concerns an
error of fact (not of law).
In case of refusal or neglect to answer particulars asked for, the adverse party can apply to
M&R for directions. Procedure: by way of preocipe and Affidavit. If the adverse party still
refuses to communicate documents asked for then it might be disallowed to use them at trial.
The case where particulars can be refused

⋄Where what is asked for is a matter of evidence
⋄Where the party is fishing for evidence
⋄Where it is in the nature of an interrogatory (this has been abolished in Mauritius and
⋄replaced by Personal answers consisting of asking for answers in ‘yes’ and ‘no’.
⋄Where particulars are asked at a particularly late stage
⋄Where it is a matter of law ex. Damages-whether based to +/custody etc.
⋄On grounds of privilege and public policy
24

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
When particulars asked for are not in the case, the Knowledge of the plaintiff/ defendant. In
such a case, the party who asked for particulars can move the Supreme Court for that part if
the PWS to be struck out.
Effect of asking for particulars

It operates as a stay of proceedings. No plea ought to be given until particulars are not
furnished, therefore the claim cannot be fixed for trial. It is to be noted that once particulars
have been answered, the adverse can ask for further and better particulars.
If a party has made a leave to amend the particulars. When Court sitting, application made by
verbal motion, If not sitting application be made by a proper motion supported by affidavit.
3.2 THE PLEA

The plea should be appropriately paragraphed. The Defendant can attack the PWS by
 Taking an objection in law- Plea in Limine Litis e.g. that the court has no jurisdiction,
or that the prescribed delay was non observed (time-bar) or preliminary steps have
not been complied with.
 a traverse
 confession and avoidance
25

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
 asking for particulars
3.2.1 DRAFTING THE PLEA
Drafting may be on point of law or on the merits or both. Facts in the PWS not denied are
deemed to be admitted. However, the quantum of damages is always in issue unless expressly
admitted by the Defendant. But, in practice, quantum is invariably disputed.
The plea is accompanied by a notice describing the documents can be seen before the hearing.
It can be the body of the plea or in separate document.
The plea may also contain a counter claim. In such a case, the plaintiff must file his plea to the
counterclaim on a date to be fixed by the M&R. The counterclaim is the reply.
3.2.2 THE TRAVERSE
A traverse is a complete denial or non-admission of all the material statements of fact

of the plaintiff in his PWS. Its province is merely to deny. Joining issue with the adverse parties
pleadings operates as a complete traverse. All facts are denied. But denial must be specific and
not literal, otherwise, one may fall in the trap of the negative pregnant.
A traverse must be avoided when the Defendant denies but also avers new facts in his favour.
A negative pregnant is any form of negative expression that may carry with it a positive
affirmation. It should be avoided by adding the words ‘at all or in any other sum whatsoever
or as alleged.’
E.g. P sues D for Rs 600,000. In his plea, D avers that he is not indebted to P in the said sum.
This implies that he may be indebted in a larger/smaller amount. It contains a negative
pregnant. The proper plea should be that ‘D is not indebted to P in the sum of Rs600,000 as
alleged, or at all in any sum.
3.2.3 CONFESSION AND AVOIDANCE –AVEU QUALIFIE
When the Defendant in his plea confesses the allegations of fact of the PWS but adds
something new which puts him out of cause, he is said to have pleaded confession and
avoidance-‘yes, but….
26

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
e.g. Plaintiff claims from Defendant Rs50,000 as rent. In his defense, Defendant accepts that he
was indebted to Plaintiff in the said sum, but avers that the sum has already been paid.
When there is close link between the debt and payment, the Defendant can confess and avoid.
Otherwise, he must enter a counter-claim (demande reconventionelle). In the example, if
Defendant was to accept the debt of Rs50,000 and aver that P in turn owes him Rs100,000 for
goods sold and delivered, then D must enter a counterclaim. Then both cases will be tried
together. If the counterclaim succeeds then judgement will be for the balance.
3.2.4 COUNTERCLAIM
It is cross- claim, which the Defendant raises, in the very action brought against him by the
Plaintiff instead of bringing a separate claim. The events that give rise to the PWS and the
counterclaim must be the same or have some kind of connection which enables both claims be
tried together and thus avoid multiplicity of claims. The law relating to pleas applies to
counterclaims.
The counterclaim must be added to the plea. It is a separate and independent action that must
be tried together with the original Plaint with summons unless otherwise directed by the
judge. There may be two judgements if both the PWS and counterclaim succeed. Execution
must be issued for the balance.
When the Defendant pleads both a defence and a counterclaim, the paragraphs of the
counterclaim are usually numbered as though they were a continuation of the paragraphs of
the plea. The counterclaim must express specifically the claim and the relief sought by the
defendant. It must be complete in itself so that it can stand by itself if the PWS is withdrawn or
struck out. It is wise to repeat in the counterclaim some of the uncontroversial parts of the
PWS.
3.3 The Reply

3.3.1 IMPORTANCE OF A REPLY
If no reply is served on the defendant upon service of a plea, there is an implied joinder of
issue. The material allegations of facts in the plea are deemed to be denied. This is a
comprehensive traverse. If there is a counterclaim, there will be a plea to the counterclaim. A
reply to the plea is necessary in the following cases.
1.If the plaintiff desires to admit, so as to save unnecessary costs, some of the facts alleged in
the plea.
27

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
2. If the plaintiff desires to admit the facts alleged in the plea and wished to meet them by
asserting new and additional facts.
3. If the plaintiff desires to plead an objection on a point of law
4. If he desires to plead that the defendant has mis-stated the cause of action.
5. If the defendant has pleaded a counterclaim which the plaintiff desires to contest because
the reply would contain the plea to the counterclaim.
In replying to the plea of the defendant, plaintiff may make a use of a comprehensive form of
traverse called a joinder of issue-which usually runs as follows: ‘The plantiff joins issue with
the Defendant upon his plea.’ The effect is to deny every allegation of fact alleged in the plea.
If a reply is serve, but and allegation of fact from the plea is not denied in the reply, that
allegation would be deemed to have been admitted.
In the absence of a reply, every paragraph of the plea is deemed to be denied. The proper
function of a reply is to raise an objection to the plea in any matter which must specifically
pleaded which makes the defence not maintainable or which otherwise might take the
defence by surprise.
The reply is the proper place for meeting the defence by confession and avoidance. This in an
action for libel and slader, if the defendant tries to set up the defence of ‘fair comment in a
matter of public interest’, the plaintiff must serve reply setting up the facts proving bad faith.
3.3.2 CONTENTS OF PLEADING

The pleadings must contain material facts that will sustain the case of the plaintiff or the plea
of the defendant.
What are the material facts
It is those facts that are necessary to establish the cause of action and any party’s entitlement
to the relief (prayer).These do not include evidence to prove Plaintiff’s or Defendants’s case
nor should it contain matters of law and facts presumed in favour of the pleader.
3.3.3 AMENDMENT OF PLEADINGS (S17 RULES OF SC 2000)

3.3.3.1 Amending own pleadings
A party can amend his own pleadings. Application is made by way of motion supported by
affidavit before the Master and Registrar or before the court itself.
28

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
The motion for amendment must be served on the adverse party. The amendment can be
made at any stage of the proceedings-even during trial. Amendment will be allowed in the
following cases:
1. Where it is just and reasonable for determining the real question in controversy
between the parties
2. When there is a change in the status of the parties
3. Death
4. A third party is made to intervene in case. (See intervention or third party procedure)
Cases where the amendment will be refuse:
1. The application is made in bad faith. By a judgement Omartech Rimech v Industrial
Mechanical and Electrical co. Ltd 1980 MR
:Motion for the amendment was 2 years after the pleadings had close. The plea would also
have had to be amended thus resulting in delay.
2. If the proposed amendment will cause undue delay or will unfairly prejudice the
adverse party.
3. If the amendment is irrelevant or merely raises a technical point.
4. If the amendment is made at a late stage.
5. When it amounts to a revocation of an admission unless it is shown that the admission
was due to an error of fact. This is in line with Joycry v Pacar 1971 MR.
3.3.3.2 Amendment of a pleading at the request of adverse party
When any pleading contains a statement which is unnecessary, vexatious or made with
unnecessary prolixity. (S15 RSC 2000), an application may be made to the court or the Master
and Registrar.
When the pleading contains duplicity arbitrariness, uncertainty or framed in such a way as to
embarrass or mislead the other party, the latter may apply by way of motion+ affidavit to
have the pleading amended (S 16 RSC 2000)
In Wan Chow Wah v/s Food Canners Ltd. 1981 MR, it was held that there was no need for
the approval of the adverse party.
E.g: Cannot sue someone at the same time contract and tort, can have alternative prayer.
Amendment also made when change in the status of parties ex Death of either parties and
also when a 3rd party is made to intervene eg. tutelle
3.4 Tender of Evidence
29

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
In the plaint with Summons, there is a notice

TAKE NOTICE that the plaintiff in the above matter intends to adduce evidence at the hearing
the hereunder described documents which may be inspected by you, your attorney or agent on
own office day or office hours and you are hereby required by me that such of the same
documents that are specified to be originals were respectively signed and executed as they
purport to be and that such documents as were stated to be served, sent and/ or delivered
were so sent and delivered respectively all just exceptions to the admissibility of the said
documents as evidence on this cause.
DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENTS
Dated etc
3.4.1. INQUIRY AS TO GENUINENESS OF DOCUMENT
There is a distinction between the public and private document. Whenever the document is a deed
under private signatures or an authentic deed and the genuineness of the document is contested by the
adverse party, a PWS is lodged in the Supreme Court contesting the veracity of the same document (la
sincerite de l’acte)
3.4.2 THE BRIEF
The brief is to be prepared at least 14 days before the trial. A copy hereof is filed in the Registry of the
Supreme Court and another copy is forwarded to the attorney of the adverse party. If the trial is before
the Judge in Chambers, the brief must be prepared at least 8 days before the trial date. Otherwise,
counsel must make a request to the effect that he/she has not taken cognizance of the brief or that
some of the documents are missing.
4 PARTIES AND JOINDER
4.1 Suing Non-existent or Deceased
One cannot have an action against a deceased or non-existent person (whether moral or physique). It is
a nullity ab initio. An amendment cannot cure this defect. The action has to be restarted from scratch
against the right party. (If the party died subsequently the appropriate motion may be made to court for
an amendment)
Jundhoo v Jhuree (1981) MR
30

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
4.2 Suggestion of record

When the rights and liabilities of a party is assigned or transmitted to another person, either by
death or by contract or otherwise.
Procedure: Motion is made to the Supreme Court (or to the M&R if before trial).Notice of
motion is served on adverse party to come and show cause why the suggestion of record, should
not be made. Once the application is granted, the pleadings are amended and within 4 weeks
from the order granting the suggestion of record, a notice and a copy of the amended PWS is
served on the new parties.
Note: If the plaintiff does not know the heirs, he can try to get at least one of them and ask him
to forward all the names of the others.
4.3 Joinder of causes of action
Various causes of action can be joined in the same suit provided that they are by ad against the
same parties and on the same rights, unless the court or M&R decided that it is inexpedient to do so
in which case separate records and separate trials will be made. E.g. Mr A owes Mr D as follows-
Rs100,000 for goods sold and delivered, Rs300,000 for money borrowed, Rs500,000 for rent. But if
for goods sold and delivered, A was acting on behalf of Mr C (A is a mandataire). Mr A is not within
the same rights as the other causes of action where he acts in his personal capacity. Therefore the
first cause of action cannot be joined in B’s other claim against A. Joinder should be objected to.
Procedure: Wherever the court orders separate records to be made, a motion is to be made to try
the case separately.
4.4 Mis-joinder or Non joinder of parties
Mis-joinder =an incorrect union of parties to a case
Non-joinder= omission to join all parties to a case.
In both cases, pleadings can be amended. Procedure: motion+affidavit. Motion has to be served on
adverse party. If the trial has started, the motion is made before the Supreme Court. IF it has not
started, go before the M&R.
Once amended, the new party is served with a notice as directed by the M&R. Proceedings start
against him from the service of the notice.
4.5 Third Party Procedure (Intervention d’un tiers)

It applies to both before the Supreme Court and in front of the Judge in Chambers. This
procedure must be followed before giving the plea on the merits. It is a plea in limine litis.
The third party procedure or L’intervetion d’un tiers is either ‘forcee’ or ‘volontaire’.
It is force when the Defendant intends to claim against the 3 rd party any relief connected with or
relating to the original subject matter of the action or substantially the same as the relief by the
31

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
plaintiff, or to require that any question or issue relative to the original subject matter of the
case be determined not only between the Plaintiff and the Defendant but also between them
and the 3rd party.
4.3 Interpleader
Whenever the movable property of a person is seized or has been seized and sold in pursuance
of a warrant or levy issued out of a court by virtue of a judgment of the same court in a case
where he was neither a party nor represented, he must lodge an opposition by means of a
notice in writing into the hands of the usher in charge of the seizure of the same requesting him
not to proceed with the sale of the property seized or in case where it has already been sold, not
to distribute the proceeds thereof. The notice must state the grounds on which the opposition is
made.
TAKE NOTICE THAT

Whereas in virtue of a judgment……, you seized (description of property)
WARNING You, that the Applicant takes objection to….
To/
The Respondent, usher of the Supreme Court
The usher forwards the notice of opposition to the M&R who issues a summons to be served on
the execution creditor (Plaintiff in main case), the judgement debtor (defendant in main case)
and the Applicant 3rd party, calling upon them to be and appear on the floor of the Supreme
Court on a specified date and time fixed in the summons. The court will adjudicate on the
application on the returnable date. This is usually a summary procedure.
WITNESSES
5.1 Witness Affidavits

Actions before the judge in chambers are started by way of Preocipe and Affidavit. Some of
those before the Supreme Court are started by motion and affidavit eg where urgent or Judicial
review.
All preocipes must be accompanied by an affidavit. In those cases, the Plaintiff is called
‘applicant’ and the defendant ‘respondent’. The affidavit, counter-affidavit, reply to counter-
32

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
affidavit constitute the pleadings of the case. In the past, affidavits amounted to evidence in
chief. The new Supreme Court rules equate them to pleadings.
5.2 Summoning Witnesses
One day prior to the application for summons of witnesses, a list of witnesses must be served on
adverse parties:
In the Supreme Court of Mauritius

A
V
B
LIST OF WITNESSES
TAKE NOTICE intends to call the following witnesses at the hearing of the above matter.
1 Mr XY (address), (profession)
2 Commissioner of Police to depute an officer to produce

Dated etc.
To/
The Defendant, with election of domicile at the office of Attorney
There are two types of witnesses

1 Those summoned to depone – ‘ab testificatem’
2 Those summoned to produce documents- ‘duces tecum’
The application for issue of summons is made to the M&R verbally 8 days before the trial while
showing the list of witnesses already served on the defendant. Otherwise, the leave of the M&R
must be obtained if the delay is shorter.
The additional list of witnesses must be served on adverse parties at least 24 hours before the
trial day.
5.3 De Bene Esse
33

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
5.3.1 INTRODUTION
There are many instances where the examination of witnesses or party is taken down and
made before the trial date e.g affidavit evidence, commission rogation in District Court, de
Bene Esse examination in the Supreme Court.
There are two cases where de Bene Esse examinations are allowed:
1 Where the witness is now in Mauritius but will not be in Mauritius on the day of trial.
2 Where there is a risk that the witness will not be available on the trial date because of his
failing health or because he may not be alive. Also used if witness suffers from some
mental/physical incapacity.
5.3.2 PROCEDURE
In the matter of
AB Plaintiff
v/s
CD Defendant
And in the matter if

Ex parte AB Applicant
PREOCIPE
1 For an order from the Honorable Judge who may be sitting in chambers authorizing the
De Bene Esse examination of witness YZ who has material evidence to give in the case of
AB V CD fixed for trial on 2001, to be held before the Judge in Chambers on a specified
date and time, the result of such examination to be filed in the Registry of Supreme Court
and have the same value as if given in court, and this for the reasons set out in the hereto
annexed affidavit.

Dated and signed etc.

In the matter of
34

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
AB Plaintiff
v/s
CD Defendant
And in the matter if

Ex parte AB Applicant.
I, PQ, attorney-at-law of Jules Koenig Street Port-Louis,
MAKE OATH AND SAY THAT

1. I am the attorney of the Plaintiff in the matter which is an action entered by AB against CD by
way of plaint with summons and the trial date has been fixed for 20 th October 2000 (SCR No……)
and I am authorized to swear this affidavit on behalf of the above applicant.
2. Mr YZ has material evidence to give on behalf of the applicant. He is now in Mauritius, but will
not on the trial date as he is leaving for England on the 1 st June 2001.
3. In the circumstances, it is urgent and necessary that his examination be taken de Bene Esse by
judge (or in front of a judge in chambers) and the result of the same examination be filed in the
Registry of the Supreme Court and have the same effect as if given in court.
4. The Applicant prays accordingly.
Draw up be me etc.
An ex parte application to the Judge in Chambers by way of Preocipe and affidavit. Once the application
is granted, the judge fixes a day and hour for the hearing. The order of the judge and a copy of the
preocipe and affidavit is served on all interested parties. The judge will examine. Deposition taken by
Registrar of Supreme Court. Parties can cross-examine. The result of the examination is filed in the
Registry of the Supreme court and it has the same value as if given on court
TRIAL
6.1 Plaintiff absent in Court
The case is struck out save and except if the defendant admits the claim of the plaintiff in which case,
judgement is given in favour of the plaintiff. If the case is struck out for absence of the plaintiff, one can
still have the case recalled. The Supreme Court rules specify that if the defendant is absent by mistake,
the case should be recalled on the same day. The rules are silent as to whether the case can be recalled
35

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
when the plaintiff is absent. In practice, the rules of the Supreme Court are directory and not
mandatory. If the other attorneys have no objection, move for the case to be recalled.
6.2 Non-suit or dismissal of plaint
If on trial date, the plaintiff fails to prosecute his claim or make out his case to the satisfaction of the
court or judge, the court/judge may non-suit the plaintiff or dismiss his claim or give judgement for the
defendant if there has been a counterclaim and the defendant has proved his counterclaim. In each
case, costs may be ordered to be paid by the plaintiff to the defendant. Note that in such cases the
plaintiff can return
6.3 Striking out Pleading
When the pleadings contain a statement, which is unnecessary or vexatious or is made with undue
prolixity, one can move for the offending part to be struck out. The procedure is by a verbal motion
before the court or Master (during formal matters).
When the pleadings discloses no reasonable cause of action or defence, the procedure by motion and
affidavit.
One should make a distinction between striking out and dismissal. A strike out is a non-suit, which
means that the party may come back with fresh pleadings. However, a dismissal of a plaint or setting
aside of a plea is in order when pleadings are frivolous, scandalous or vexatious, or constitute an abuse
of the process of the court. This point is usually taken in limine it is or by motion and affidavit.
The drastic remedy of a strike out is allowed when an amendment will not cure the defect. See
Rugoonundhun v Mauritius Railways (1942) MR
O’Shea v Ramdaree (1970) MR
Road accident in Grand Baie. The defendant tortfeasor was a taxi driver. The Plaintiff sued and obtained
judgement. The Defendant applies for leave to appeal against the judgement to the Privy Council.
Meanwhile, the Plaintiff had entered an action in the Supreme Court against the insurance company as
insurer of the defendant’s car involved in the accident for the purpose of declaring the judgement of
the Supreme Court binding on the insurance company.
The insurance company in its defence averred that the judgement against the taxi driver was not final
and thus the company cannot be ordered to pay. Plaintiff applied to the Supreme Court to strike out the
defence of the company as being frivolous. While the motion to strike out the defence was pending,
36

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
leave to apply to England was refused. Thereupon, the Supreme Court strike out the defence of the
company.
Income Tax Commissioner v Hassenjee Jeewooth (1970) MR
An income tax assessment was made on the defendant. He appealed to the Tax Appeal Tribunal. The
Commissioner applied to the Supreme Court to declare the judgement executory. A claim was entered
for tax due. The defendant gave a defence contesting the amount due. The Commissioner applied to set
aside the defence, as it is frivolous and an abuse of process. Defence was set aside. Defendant then
applied to the Privy Council. The latter upheld the judgment of the Supreme Court.
Govt. of Mauritius v Jawaheer (1990/4) MR
The respondent was wounded at work by another member of staff who did not like him and hit with a
sabre. He sued the government for failing to protect him as could no longer work as a surgeon. The
Government gave a defence that
1 the tortfeasor was on leave and therefore not a prepose of the Government.
2 it was not reasonable to impose a dudy on the Government to provide security to all members of
staff.
Therefore, it asked the pleadings to be set aside The Supreme Court refused to grant such a drastic
measure.
6.4 Examination on Personal Answers
Also called comparusion personelle. Whenever a party’s case cannot be proved by witnesses or
established by documents, he may have recourse to the personal answers of the adverse party (itself)
The purpose is 2-fold.
1 to obtain a beginning of proof by writing (commencement de prevue par ecrit- Art 1347 CC) which will
enable the party to prove his case.
2 to obtain an admission (aveu)
Under French law, for any transaction exceeding Rs5000 cannot be proved by witnesses.
However, there are exception to the rule:
1 If writing is lost (i.e. there is an impossibilite physique ou moral to have un ecrit)
2 If there is a commencement de prevue par ecrit e.g if such is obtained through personal answers.
The beginning of proof may be verbal.
37

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
The party who is examined on personal answers is not under oath or solemn affirmation but he cannot
communicate with his counsel or attorney.
The facts on which he is asked to depone must be personal to him and relevant to the case.
If the party refuses to answer or does not turn up, or it appears from his answers that the existence of
the obligation may be established, then the adverse party may prove his case by witnesses.
Un Refus de Comparution amounts to a beginning of proof.
Procedure
An ex-parte application to M&R by preocipe and affidavit. The affidavit may be sworn by the attorney.
IN THE…COURT OF MAURITIUS
AB Plaintiff
v/s
CD Defendant
AB Applicant
Ex parte
PREOCIPE
For an order to issue ordering the Defendant to be and appear on the floor of the Supreme Court at the
hearing of the above matter on the…day of….,2001 at 10.30 a.m to be examined on his unsworn
personal answers on matters which are personal to him and relevant to the present case and this for the
reasons set forth in the hereto annexed affidavit.
IN THE XXXX COURT OF MAURITIUS
AB Plaintiff
v/s
Ex Parte AB Defendant
AB Applicant
I, AB, a……, bearer of Identity Card No…..???...or is it I am the attorney in the above matter etc
38

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
It is urgent and necessary that an order be made summoning the Defendant to appear on the floor of
the Supreme Court at the hearing of the above matter on the 2 nd May 2001 at 10.30 a.m. to give his
unsworn personal answers on matters which are personal to him and relevant to the adverse case.
2 I pray accordingly
Dated Etc.
On good cause shown, The Master may order the adverse party to be present in Court on a date and
time to be examined on his personal answers.
If the adverse party is a company or corporate body, one has to serve with the affidavit, a list of all
questions intended to be put to the company and the company will answer the questions and depute
the relevant officer to read the answers in court. Past directors cannot be called or examined on
personal answers as they can no longer bind the company by his answers. Tan Yang v New Goodwill Co.
Ltd.(1977) MR
If the adverse party is the State,..not in my notes
The order or summons of the M&R on the application is served on the adverse party at least 5 days
before the trial date. This procedure does not apply if on the trial date, the defendant is present in
court. If such is the case, a verbal motion is made to the court to call the adverse party on his personal
answers
6.5 Payment in court
Upon the service of a mise-en-demeure on the Denfendant by the Plaintiff, if the Defendant is desirous
to pay a certain amount, but not the full amount of claimed, he can follow the procedure of offer reel.
(Art 1257-9 CC).
The procedure is set out in the Rules of Supreme Court (RSC).A notice is previously served on the
Plaintiff informing him of the intention of the Defendant to offer a certain amount into court in full
satisfaction of the amount claimed. In Court the defendant will offer the plaintiff the amount which he
considers is due to plaintiff.
Payment can be effected as follows
-cash;
-office cheque;
-deposit account in a bank (best method as get interest and Govt will not claim 3.5%); as may be
directed the Presiding Judge.
The plaintiff may accept payment in full satisfaction of the claim or may decline the payment and elect
to proceed with the case. If the court gives judgmentl in a sum less than the amount tendered, the court
should order the plaintiff to pay the defendant’s costs incurred after the payment into court. These
could include the costs of postponements, cost of calling witnesses and documents.
39

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
6.6 Notice of Preliminary Objection
Such is based on the non-observance of statutory time limits, delays and conditions prescribed by law
for lodging and prosecuting an appeal. The delay to serve a preliminary notice of objection is 3 days
before the trial date although it is not fatal is be outside delay. The delays are prescribed by the RSC,
which are directory and not mandatory.
HEADING
TAKE NOTICE that the Respondent shall at the hearing of the above-named case take a preliminary
objection to the said appeal in as much as it has not been lodged within the prescribed delay.
Date and sogned
To/
Appellant electing his legal domicile in the office of attorney…
6.7 Review of Master’s Decision
Whenever the M&R has ordered the furnishing of particulars, or amended the pleadings and a party is
dissatisfied with the decision, there is no appeal as such, but a review by a judge of the Supreme Court is
available.
The application for review is made to the Chief Justice in writing. No form or procedure is prescribed. It
can be in the form of a letter or preocipe or petition, giving the grounds for review of the decision. The
Chief Justice refers the matter to a judge who can amend, set aside or affirm the Master’s decision.
7 JUDGEMENT
7.1 Cross judgement
40

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
When there are two claims and these were consolidated, or where there is a claim and
counterclaim, execution will be issued for the balance only, i.e if there are 2 judgments, one
favour of the plaintiff and one in favour of the defendant,execution will be issued for the
difference. The judgement is non-executory.
7.2 Writ of execution
A judgement is not executory in itself. One needs to have a writ of execution. The bil of costs
must be taxed by the Chief Registrar. Judgement must be final and the 21-day period for lodging
notice of appeal must have elaspsed.
The application for the writ is made to the M&R by way of Preocipe and affidavit.
In re: LB Plaintiff
v/s
CD Defendant
PREOCIPE
1. For a writ of execution to be entered in the above matter.

Date etc.
8 NEW TRIAL
In Supreme Court
A new trial can be asked against any contradictory judgement delivered in the present or
the absence of any party.A party can ask for a new trial in the following circumstances (the
grounds are the same in district courts where these were copied in from French
law-‘’requete civil’’)
1. Where error has been committed either by the party himself or by a material witness to
the case. The court must be satisfied that the error is a genuine one.
2. Where fraud or violence has been committed by the adverse party.
3. Where new evidence is now available and which was not available at the time of
judgement.
4. Where in the opinion of the court, it is necessary to grant a new trial for the proper
administration of justice (constitutional principle)
8.1.1 ERROR
Joomun v Kottea (1975) MR
41

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Held, that the Supreme Court has the power to grant a new trial where a material witness has made a
substantial error in giving evidence. The court observed that the power will be exercised with great care
in order to prevent an abuse of the court process.
Mia v Ramessur (1929)
Bagot v Moliere (1934) MR
Held, forgetfulness on the day of trial by counsel is not a good ground for new trial. The clien may have
an action in damages against counsel.
In practice, new trial will more easily be granted, in the case of the defendant, if he shows that he has a
strong defence. The justice argument is then more potent.
8.1.2 NEW EVIDENCE
Baichoo v Toorabally (1971) MR
The Supreme Court has guidelines for the reception of new evidence as ground for granting new
trial.Held, that in order to justify the reception of fresh evidence as a ground for new trial, the court
must be satisfied of 3 conditions:
1. The evidence would not have been obtained with reasonable diligence at the time of trial.
2. The evidence must be such as it could probably have an important influence on the result of the
case.
3. The evidence must be such that it is presumably to be believed. (must be credible)
8.1.3 PROPER ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
Reddi v Reddi (1957) MR
An appeal usually operates as a stay of execution of the judgement, whereas an application for a new
trial does not suspend the execution of the judgement. As a result, the party applying for a new trial
must ask the court for a suspension of the judgement and this in the very application for the new trial.
8.1.4 PROCEDURE
Appliation by way of motion supported by affidavit. Notice of motion must be served on the adverse
party. (3 documents in all) .The application must be made within reasonable delay, but what is
reasonable in the circusmtances is a question of appreciation of the Supreme Court. If the application is
granted, the court may set aside the previous judgement, order a stay of execution, and require the
applicant to furnish security for the payment of costs. Order that the previous case be re-instated and
heard anew. In the case where the applicant wished to file an amended plea, he can do so only with the
leave of the court.
42

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
In the matter of:
AB Plaintiff
v/s
CD Defendant
And in the matter of:
CD Applicant
v/s
judge AB Respondent
I,CD, make oath and say that/solemnly declare
1. I am the applicant in the above matter

2. On the 31st of January 2001, the Respondent had entered an action against the applicant and on
the 25th March 2001, the court delivered judgment against the applicant ordering him to….
3. On the 25th March 2001, the applicant met with a street accident while he was coming to Port
Louis and was seriousil injured.
4. As a result of his accident, the applicant was admitted to Dr Jeetoo hospital, and could not
therefore attend court in time to give a defence in the main action.
5. The Applicant has a good defence to the Respondent’s action.
6. It is urgent and necessary that a new trial be ordered by the court and the above case be tried
anew and the above judgement be suspended.
7. The applicant prays accordingly.
Drawn up by me etc
In the matter of:
43

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
AB
Plaintiff
v/s
CD
Defendant
CD
Applicant
v/s
AB
Respondent
MOTION
For an order granting the applicant a new trial against the Respondent (SCR no.) and in which judgement
of the Supreme Court was entered on 25 th March 2001. Ordering a stay of the same judgement and this
for the reasons set forth in the hereto-annexed affidavit.
In the matter of: AB Plaintiff
v/s
CD Defendant
CD
v/s Applicant
AB
Respondent
NOTICE OF MOTION
44

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
TAKE NOTICE that the above named applicant electing his legal domicile in the office of the undersigned
attorney at law shall on (day, date and time) move the court for an order granting the applicant a new
trial of the cases entered by You, against him, (SCR No.) and in which judgement was delivered on the
25th March 2001 and ordering a stay of execution of the same judgement and this for the reasons fully
set forth in the affidavit, a copy of which is hereto annexed.
Sinned Dated etc.
To/
Respondent, as abovenamed and styled electing his legal domicile….
Acknowledgement of receipt…
8.2 Judgement of Judge in Chambers
Procedure is by way of Preocipe and affidavit for a summons to issue calling on the adverse party to be
and appear before the judge in chambers on a specified day and time to show cause why a new trial
should not be granted.
The grounds are similar as those in the Supreme Court (and those in the District and Intermediate court-
see later)
But it should be noted that the Supreme Court, having unlimited jurisdiction can entertain a request for
a new trial against the judgement of a Judge in Chambers.
Part 3: Action in District & Intermediate Court
1. DISTRICT COURTS
1.1 Jurisdiction of District Court
1. Money claims- Up to Rs50,000 This is split in 2 part. For money claims of no more than
Rs25,000, there is a Small Claims jurisdiction. For claims more than Rs 25,000 but less
Rs50,000, there is the normal jurisdiction.
2. Actions under the Landlord and Tenant act whatever th amount claimed.
3. Actions by the Government of Mauritius for recovery of cost sewerage works.
4. Recovery of state or municipality debts, formely known as crown debts.
5. Possessory actions (actions possessoires), whatever the value of the property.
In (2,5), the District court has jurisdisdiction even if the amount claimed exceeds Rs50,000
6. Alimony cases between husband and wife and between other parties where the law gives
a right to alimony (e.g. between ascendants and descendants)
45

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
7. Actions for rectification of the Civil Status Act

8. Actions for the apposition and removal of seals.
In (2) and (6-8), the Intermediate Court has no jurisdiction.
The Small Claims Jurisdiction.
This is available for money claims of up to Rs25,000. The Small Claims jurisdiction is governed by Act 4 of
1999. The small Claims jurisdiction does not apply to the Industrial Court not to any claim, which could
have been entered one year earlier. That is, the jurisdiction is time-barred by one year. If a small claim is
time-barred, one has to revert to the normal procedure even if the claim is less than Rs25,000.
1.2.1 PROCEDURE FOR SMALL CLAIMS.
The procedure for small claims is merely administrative. No special drafting is required. The claim must
be lodged with the district clerk in the District Court where the defendant resides. The claim is in writing
and is signed by Claimant.
It contains
1. The name and address of the parties

2. The amount of the claim and the particulars thereof.
3. A request to the defendant to lodge his reply within 14 days from the communication of the
plaint to him.
4. A second request to the defendant to make a declaration as to whether the accepts the claim or
whether he wishes to dispute the claim.
If the defendant accepts the claim in full, the Magistrate gives judgement against him and the clerk of
the court will inform the parties accordingly. The judgement is given in the absence of the parties.
Where the defendant either
- Fails to reply within 14 days ot the communication of the Plaint to him, or

- Disputes the claim,or
- Makes a counterclaim,
The court shall before before the hearing convene the parties to the dispute in chambers on a specified
day and time (not later than one month from when the reply was received) for consultation with a view
to effect asettlement. If a settlement is reached, such would be the terms of the judgement of the court.
If no settlement is reached, a day is fixed for hearing the plaint at a specified time and notice thereof is
given to all the parties.
2. COMMENCEMENT DISTRICT AND INTERMEDIATE COURT
46

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
2.1 Starting action
2.1.1 THE PLAINT
Action is started by way of a plaint (the summons is not included). But a notice of tender of evidence is.
In case where the district court has jurisdiction, the action has to be started in the district court where
the defendant resides.
Distinction must be made from the WRIT of summons, which only applies for negotiable instruments,
bills of exchange and promissory notes. Actions in such a case must be entered within 6 months.
2.1.2 THE SUMMONS
The Plaint is signed by the attorney of the plaintiff and the summons is signed by the district clerk. In the
summons, 2 dates are given. Firstly, the dates on which the plaint is lodged and secondly, the date fixed
by the clerk which is the date on which is the date on which the defendant should appear in court. But
note that the date on which the plaint is lodged is the date on which interest starts to run on the claim.
2.2 Lodging
Rules for lodging
1. In the court of the district where the defendant resides, or in the district where ONE of
the defendants reside or carry on his business or trade.
2. In the district in which the defendant was residing in the previous 6 moths before
entering the plaint, but only with leave of the Magistrate.
This procedure can be used for example where the defendant has left rented property without paying
rent and gone somewhere unknown.
3. If the plaintiff is a trader and carries on his business transaction in the district of Port –
Louis and the subject matter of the plaint is not immovable property and that subject
matter has arisen out of trade transactions which took place in the district of Port-Louis,
or where the defendant resides or work, the plaint can be lodged in the Port-Louis
District court. If this procedure is used, there must be an averment to the effect that the
defendant is a trader in Port-Louis.
4. Where the subject matter is immovable property, the plaint must be lodged where the
property is situated.
2.3 Service
2.3.1 SERVICE OF THE PLAINT AND SUMMONS
47

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
The plaint with summons is issued out of the district court where the plaint has been lodge.
Usually, these are served at the place where the defendant normally resides. However, it is
otherwise in the following cases.
1. If the defendaht is a police constable, service is effected on the superintendent of police on

duty in the district where the defendant works or resides.
2. If the defendant is working on a board of a ship, service is effected on the officer in charge
of the ship.
3. If the defendant works in a barrack, service is effected on the officer in charge of the troops
to which the defendant belongs.
4. If the defendant in prison, servive is effected on the Commissioner of prisons.
5. If the defendant is handicapped or in hospital, service is effected on the superintendent of
the hospital.
6. If the defendant is avoiding service,the Magistrate can grant Substituted service, i.e. the
summons will be affixed on the door of the residence of the defendant
2.3.2 SERVICE OF JUDICIAL DOCUMENTS
Judicial documents are served or communicated by registered post with advice of delivery.On the
envelope, there is a notice that in case of non-delivery, it will be returned to the clerk of the court. At
least 7 days before the returnable date, the clerk files a certificate as to the date and place of posting. In
case of non-delivery of the summons or other documents, service is effected by the usher, thus giving
the defendant a second chance.
3 PROFORMA DAY
3.1 Both Plaintiff and defendant absent
If the defendant does not appear, the plaintiff must find out whether service was personal.If such is the
case, the magistrate will give judgement in terms of the plaint – save and except where the cause of
action includes a claim for substantial damages.
In such as situation, the magistrate may proceed with the trial of the case on the part of the plaintiff
only (make out case) and give a judgement, which shall be considered as a contradictory judgemennt.
However, if on the same or subsequent sittings, on proof that the defendant did not receive the plaint
with summons or other sufficient cause shown, the magistrate may set aside the judgement and grant a
new trial on such terms and conditions as to payment of costs and furnishing of sercurity.
48

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
If service was not personal and the defendant does not appear in court, the plaintiff can be allowed to
make out his case, if he can establish to the satisfaction of the court that the plaint was to the
knowledge of the defendant, e.g. that the defendant has called the plaintiff’s attention and requested
time to pay the debt.
3.2 Plaintiff does not appear
IF the plaintiff does not appear and the defendant appears, the defendant may move to strike out case,
or he may accept the debt and judgement will be given. If there has been a counter-plaint, the
defendant in the absence of the plaintiff can move for judgement.
NB: in the district court, there is no counterclaim. A Counter plaint is simply a fresh plaint
4 PLEADINGS
4.1 Withdrawal of plaint
There is no prescribed procedure.
Withdrawal of the plaint is effected either in the form of a letter addressed to the district clerk or a
proper notice of `desistement dìnstance’ is filed.
If the plaintiff wants to withdraw a plaint, a notice in writing to that effect must be sent to the district
clerk informing him that he is withdrawing his plaint and yhat he is ready ad willing to pay to the
defendant all the costs to which he is entitled. It is advisable that the letter be signed or countersigned
by the plaintiff.
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF
AB
Plaintiff
v/s
CD
Defendant
NOTICE
You are informed that the Plaintiff is hereby withdrawing his plain which he has entered against the
defendant on the (date). The Plaintiff hereby agrees to pay the taxed bill of cost of the defence.
Signed by Attorney Signed by Plaintiff
49

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Murugappa v/s Jankee (1986) MR 95.
Plaintiff sued def. on a plaint which averred that he was the owner of a plot of land which was being
illegally occupied by the def.
Ratio: The plaintiff’s absolute right to elect for a nonsuit in an action by statement of claim no longer
exist.
4.2 Amendment of Plaint
The magistrate has vast powers to allow amendments to be made so as to allow justice to be done to
the parties. The only limitation is that the Plaintiff is debarred from changing the cause of action.
4.3 Plea in abatement (change in the status of the parties)
The bankruptcy or insolvency of the plaintiff or defendant does not cause the action to abate.If the
plaintiff becomes bankrupt or insolvent, the case is postponed to a future date to allow the plaintiff to
be to represented by a trustee- or liquidator if the plaintiff is a company.
If the trustee or liquidator elected to proceed with the case, the defendant may ask the trustee to
furnish security for payment of costs.
There are two instances where the plaintiff will be asked to furnish security.
1 insolvency 2 if plaintiff is a foreigner
Security has to be moved for before giving the plea. Once the plea is given, one is deemed to have waive
right to security.
If the trustee/liquidator elects not to proceed, the magistrate will non-suit the defendant.
If the defendant becomes bankrupt or insolvent, the plaintiff can either relinquish his action and the
case is struck out, or the plaintiff, in the case he wished to contitue with the case can ask for a
postponement so that the defendant may be represented by a trustee or liquidator.
The death of the defendant does not cause the action to abate. The heirs of the deceased party are to
be put in cause in lieu and instead of the deceased party. Any action entered in the name of a dead or
inexistent party is null and void and cannot be cured by an amendment.
See Jhundoo v Jhuree (1981) MR
4.4 Division of causes of action
The Plaintiff cannot sub divide his causes of action in order to meet the jurisdiction of the court.
However, the plaintiff can enter a plaint for an amount exceeding the jurisdiction of the court, in which
case,there must be an averment in the plaint that the plaintiff is ready and willing to reduce his claim to
Rs 50,000 or Rs 50,000 (if in IC) to meet the jurisdiction of the court.
50

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
4.5 Discovery of documents
(Not to be confused with the tender of documents)
This process is to find out what is in the possession of the other party. In the District Court, one party
may ask another by way of notice served by the usher of the court for the discovery of documents,
which may be in the possession of the adverse party.
The said notice must be served on the adverse party at least 2 clear days before the trial date, must
deposit said documents at least 3 days before the trial date (or within 3 days of service).
Sanction: Failure to deposit the said documents will prevent the adverse party from making use of these
documents
There is no tender of documents in District Court.
If a party wishes to produce documents it can do so freely on date of trial and adverse party is taken by
surprise.
5. WITNESSES
5.1 Rogation in District Court
If a party cannot appear in court, a verbal motion is made to the magistrate to examine the witness or
party at his own residence because he cannot attend court. The magistrate appoints a date and time for
the examination of the witness notice of same is given to adverse party.
On that day appointed the witness is examined and cross-examined and re-examined. The result of the
examination is filed in the registry of the District court and has the same value as if given in court.
However this means mounting costs.
5.2 Calling of witness in District Court
No list of witness is saved in district Court. Plaintiff and Defendant who wish to call witnesses must ask
the District Clerk so the respective attorney can summon the witnesses giving proper name and address
and profession.
Procedure
Simple letter to the District clerk stating the case number suffices. If you want someone to produce a
document you must ask for it in the letter.
This needs to be paid for.
In case a party wishes to call the adverse party on his personal answers a motion to that effect must
previously be made to the magistrate and the clerk must subsequently be requested to the adverse
party to be examined on personal answers on matters to him and relevant to the case.
The application is verbal in DC, in writing to the Master and Registrar.
51

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
5.3 Calling a judicial officer (e.g. Judge or magistrate) as a witness before the Court
Application to Judge in Chambers who must be satisfied that material evidence must be given.
Procedure:
Ex parte application is made to the judge in chambers by way of proecipe and affidavit for a summons to
be issued calling magistrate or judge as a witness. The order of judge will be granted if the magistrate or
judge has some material evidence to give on behalf of the party.
The judge does not actually issue the summons but merely authorizes the District Clerk or master and
registrar to ossue the summoms.
17.6 Recalling a judgement
A magistrate can recall a judgement provided a motion is made to that effect on same day provided the
adverse party gives its consent otherwise a new trial must be asked with the grounds tor which it is
being sought. According to law this can only be done on the same day although in practice magistrates
do allow on another day.
17.4 Arbitration in District court
By consent of both parties to a case an arbitrator can be appointed by the court. The award of the
arbitrator is filed with the registry of the Supreme Court and has the same effect as if given in court.
The appointment of the arbitrator cannot be revoked nor can the parties reject it. Thus it is binding
upon them.Compare with the Supreme Court where the parties can revoke the appointed arbitrator and
reject the award.
6. SECURITY FOR COSTS

6.1 Introduction
In some circumstances, the defendant can move for the plaintiff to supply security for the payment of
costs.
6.1.1 Grounds
1 When plaintiff is a foreigner and
(a) Is not possessed of immovable property in Mauritius

(b) The subject matter of the plaint is not a commercial one arising out of trade transactions (see
CdC)
(c) There is no bilateral agreement between the country of the foreigner and Mauritius to the effect
that security for costs will not be asked (none exist to date)
(2) When the plaintiff is insolvent
6.1.2 Procedure
52

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
The motion must be made in limine litis- otherwise the defendant is deemed to have
waiveed his right to security i.e. it must be done before the plea on the merits is served.
Under French Law, the notion of furnishing security is described as èxception` which is
usually taken in limine litis.
7 CHALLENGE OF MAGISTRATE
7.1 Introduction
As a rule, a magistrate cannot be challenged. However, this can be done in two cases.
1 Where the magistrate is related to one of the parties by blood or marriage to the degree of first
cousin inclusive (cousin germain).
2 Where he has a personal interest in the matter. Nemo Judex in Causa Sua –I,e the defendant is entitled
to a fair trial by an impartial court.
There is also a sound principle of the law that justice should not only be done but be seen to be done.
7.2 Procedure.
A motion in writing is made (no form is prescribed).The motion is deposited in the registry of the court
where the magistrate sits and the clerk of the court will forward it to the magistrate.
The motion must give the grounds for challenge or be in the form of a petition.
If the magistrate thinks he must challenge himself, he will write to the Chief Justice to have himself
replaced. On the contrary, if the magistrate thinks that he should not challenge himself, he must set the
grounds of defence to his challenge and the whole proceedings are submitted to the M&R of the
Supreme Court for submissions to a Judge in Chambers. The judge decides the issue summarily without
the necessity of parties being present.
If the challenge is rejected by the Judge in Chambers, he may grand costs not exceeding Rs150.
8. CHANGE OF VENUE
8.1 Introduction
Change of venue is an application to change the proceedings from one place to another. The application
must be made before the defence is filed.
8.2 Change from one District court to another

8.2.1 PROCEDURE
Application is made ex parte before the Judge in Chambers by way of preocipe and affidavit
In the matter of:
53

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
AB Plaintiff
v/s
CD Defendant
And in the matter of
Exparte
AB Applicant
PREOCIPE
For an order of the Honorable Judge sitting in chambers that the case of AB v/s CD be transferred from
the District court of Moka of the District court of Port-Louis and this for the rasons set out in the hereto
annexed affidavit.
In the matter of:
AB Plaintiff
v/s
CD Defendant
And in the matter of
Exparte AB Applicant
I,AB…….
1. I am the applicant in the above matter.

2. The applicant has entered a case in the District court of Moka and which is coming proforma on
(date).
3. The case has not started and the Defence has not been filed.
4. Most witnesses in the above matter reside in the district of Port-Louis.
5. It is urgent and necessary for the proper administration of justice that the case be tried in
District court of Port-Louis in lieu and instead of Moka.
6. The Applicant prays accordingly.
If the judge is satisfied, he makes the order accordingly and forwards it to the Magistrate. On receipt
thereof, the magistrate will transmit the whole record of the case to the magistrate appointed in lieu
and this operates as a stay of proceedings.
8.3 Who can apply for change of venue?

1. A foreigner
54

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
2. One of the parties to the case

3. The attorney- General in a civil matter
4. The DPP in a criminal matter
5. The Magistrate
If the magistrate is satisfied that the venue will change and has not started the merits, he will write to
the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court will direct the proper venue if such is necessary for the
proper administration of justice.
8.4 From Supreme Court to Intremediate court
Motion is made to the Supreme Court supported by an affidavit. In an appropriate case, the court will
grant the motion.
8.5 From Intermediate Court to District court
By way of a written petition to the Chief Justice
8.6 From District court to Intermediate court
No procedure is prescribes. This cannot be done. In such a case, the plaintiff must ask for a non-suit and
ask for a fresh plaint in the Intermediate court.
8.7 From District court to Supreme Court
8.8.1 INTRODUTION
This may be in order to perform certain procedures not available in the District court e.g. de Bene Esse,
Commisssion Rogatoire- because these are only available for cases pending before the Supreme Court.
Once the procedure is over, the case is to be returned to the District court.
8.8.2 PROCEDURE
Motion is made to the Supreme Court supported by affidavit.Notice of motion is served on the adverse
party. This may happen whenever a party wished a commission rogatoire to be held in cases where the
witness is outside the jurisdiction of Mauritius, or whenever de Bene Esse procedure is to be held.
9. NEW TRIAL
9.1 Introduction
Also called Voie de recours by which an aggrieved party in a civil case, usually the defendant, requests
the court to withdraw its judgement which has been given in the absence of events both to the
knowledge of the courts and when such has deprived him of a fair trial.
When asking for a new trial, should make sure to ask for a stay of execution of the previous judgement.
55

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
9.2 Time limit for asking new trial.
The time limit for asking new trial is
-15 days from the date on which judgement was contradictory,or
-15 days from the date of execution of the judgement if it was in default
Francois v Nankoo (1980) MR
9.4 Procedure
The procedure is by way of preocipe and affidavit. The applicant asks the court to grant a new trial. The
grounds for the application are to be describes in detail in the affidavit, which accompanies the
preocipe. In the case of Francois v Nankoo, the Supreme Court held that the application may be made in
any form of writing stating the grounds of the new trial and asking the magistrate for a new trial.
9.5 Grounds
(1) Where the previous judgement was obtained by fraud, exertion of violence or through error (vice du
consentment)
(2) Where new evidence is now available which was not so available at the time of judgement
(3) For the ends of justice in the case.
NB: Whenever, if on an appeal to the Supreme Court from a judgement of the District court, the
Supreme Court orders that a new trial in the District court, the latter must hear the case within 12 days
from the receipt of the signing judgement of the Supreme Court.
10.1 APPEAL FROM THE JUDGEMENT OF DISTRICT COURT
10.1 Introduction
The appeal must be lodged within 21 days from the day of judgement exclusively (that date of
judgement itself is excluded from the computation of time in the case of an appeal)-see section 36 and
37 District and Intermediate Court Act.
The appeal is lodged by way of notice of appeal in writing, and the grounds of appeal must be given in
detail. The notice of appeal is lodged with the district clerk. On receipt of the notice of appeal, the clerk
will bind the applicant (together with one or more sureties) in a recognizance bond.
In the bond, the appellant and sureties undertake to pay the cost of the adverse party in case the appeal
is dismissed. The appellant must also pay for the drawing up of records of the case (about Rs300).
56

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
The appellant must prosecute his appeal in the Supreme Court within a fortnight from the day of the
recognizance bond.
10.2 Procedure
AB Appellant
v/s
CD Respondent
NOTICE TO RESIST APPEAL
TAKE NOTICE that the Respondent in the above matter intends to resist the said appeal in as much it has
not been lodged within the prescribed delay.
Notice of appeal and the grounds are served on the respondent and the M&R and filed in the registry of
the Supreme Court with a cause list. The notice of appeal also contains a warning to the defendant to
the effect that if he wishes to resist the appeal, he must manifest his intention to do so within the delay
of 2 moths from the day of notice of appeal served upon him. Otherwise, the appeal will proceed as if he
were not resisting it.
Once the appeal is lodged, the trial date will be fixed by the Supreme court of which the parties will be
informed. The appellant must file his skeleton arguments at least 45 days before the trial date. The
respondent will file his skeleton arguments within 30 days of the hearing.
11.TAXATION OF BILL OF COSTS
11.1 Introduction
Attorney of winning party must prepare a Bill of costs and have it taxed by District Clerk.
Procedure
The Bill of costs is prepared and presented to District clerk for taxation.
The clerk has to tax according to Tax agreement law.If the attorney is dissatisfied with the taxation of
costs by the clerk, he can ask magistrate to review it.If attorney is still not satisfied with review of
magistrate there is no appeal. Harel Frere Limite v. Bujaroo 1987 MR in as much as no right of appeal is
crested by Parliament.
57

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
However the Supreme Court by way of judicial review can rewiew the judgement of the magistrate.(Writ
for mandamus quashing judgement) Recovery of costs: same way as a civil debt I.e. by seizure and sale
of property of losing party.
11.2 Procedure
Bill of costs duly taxed and warrant to levy accompanied by a proecipe.
In the Supreme Court of Mauritius
In re AB Plaintiff
CD Defendant
Bill of Costs
I allow etc
1. PRE-TRIAL PROCEDURES
1.1 Foreign Plaintiff:
Whenever the foregoing sues or enter an action against Mauritian citizens (as Defendant) the
foreign Plaintiff must furnish security (Cautio judicatum solvi).
This procedure of asking the plaintiff to furnish security must be asked before giving the
defence on the merits otherwise the Defendant will be barred from asking it.
Exceptions:
However the foreign Plaintiff is exempte from furnishing security in three cases
1. When it is possessed of immovable property in Mauritius.

2. When the subject matter concerns a commercial matter (ie trader suing)
3. When there is a bilateral agreement between Mauritius and country of foreigner to
effect that no such security is required (None for the moment)
The furnishing of the security by the foreign Plaintiff is not of public order and therefore can be waived
either expressly or impliedly.Thus a plea in limine litis has to be made before the plea is served.
In the District Court,the Plaintiff may be asked to furnish security in 2 cases.
1. When he is foreigner
2. When he or it is insolvent.(This is established by putting the Plaintiff in the witness box as to
whether he possesses any property and how much he earns, his bank balance,value of
properties etc.The final question: if you are asked by the court to pay Rs XXXX.Will you be able
to pay? If no, then will be ordered to furnish security or if cannot pay even that, then then the
plaint will be set aside.
58

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
1.2 Absent Defendants
1.2.1 SERVICE OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDING ON AN ABSENT DEFENDANT
If the Defendant has an agent or proxy in Mauritius, then the process may be served on his
mandataire.However, in the case of a writ of injunction service must be made personally on the
respondent. If the power of attorney is drawn outside Mauritius,it must be legalized and deposited in
the office of the Notary who in turn will deposit it in the registry of the Supreme Court.
Seychelles Agricultaral Marketing Board v Somatrans (1995) MR
1.2.2 PROCEDURE TO SUE AN ABSENT DEFENDANT
(Either Mauritius or foreigner i.e. outside jurisdiction of the Supreme Court)
An ex parte application is made to the Judge in Chambers by way of proecipe and affidavit for an order
for the judicial proceeding to be served outside the jurisdiction of Mauritius and fix the time limit within
which the defendant must make an appearance in the registry of the Supreme Court. Delay is usually 3
months. The papers ought to be forwarded to the Ministry of foreign affairs.The process of the court is
served through the ambassador who forwards it to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs who then forwards it
to internal affairs. Another method is to use a solicitor abroad.
1.2.3 DIVORCE CASES
The law dealing with absent defendants does not apply to divorce cases.The documents to be served on
the absent defendant are forwarded to the absent defendant by registered post with advice of
reception.(i.e.postal packet)
If it is not possible to know where the Defendant resides, the application is to the judge in Chambers
contains:
1. Leave to serve papers outside jurisdiction

2. Time limit to appear
3. Service on the Ministere public in Mauritius
4. Serve the document at the last known place of the defendant in Mauritius if he is Mauritius
In the case of absentees one can rest the property in the curator of vagrant states.
Registration is in the Supreme Court with the power of attorney.
1.2.4 WHERE THE DEFENDANT IS IN RODRIGUES
Service of judicial Documents is effected on the attorney General who will take the necessary steps to
have it served in Rodrigues.
1.3 The State of Mauritius as a defendant
59

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
State Proceeding Act
The time limit is 2 year in tort. Before lodging a plain against the state of Mauritius Notice is served on
the Attorney General as representing the State. The Attorney General can ask for particulars within 28
days from service. After the lapse of 28 days, a copy of plain with summons is served on the Attorney
General and on the returnable date, he must file his plea.There is some confusion as to who should be
quoted as the defendant.This stem from the idea that one cannot sue the Queen (for she can do no
wrong) but rather its officials.
There is a judgement of Balancy J. to the effect that there is a trend that it is not acceptable that the
Government should not have any legal personality, therefore should sue as the defendant the State of
Mauritius represented by the Attorney General.
However he view preferred is according to the Crown Proceedings act, which refers to the Attorney
General representing the Government of Mauritius.
Note that the notice must be served on the prepose as well.
Suing in contract: The commom law applies. It is a personal obligation and is prescribed by 10 years.
It is the same when suing a municipality.However an action in tort is prescribed by 2 years.
Therefore at the latest on the 23rd month must enter a mis-en-demeure.
2. LES TYPES D’ACTIONS

2.1 Les definitions
L’action personnelle est celle par laquelle s’exerce un droit personnel.La poursuite d’une paiement
d’une somme d’argent est prescrite par 10ans.L’action réelle est celle par laquelle s’exerce un droit réel
(un droit dans la chose et elle se prescrit par 30 ans. Eg un droit de propriété ; un droit de servitude.
L’action mixte est est celle par laquelle sont joint deux demandes, l’une réelle et l’autre personnelle.
Exemple l’action en résolution d’une vente d’immeuble pour non-paiment du prix.
L’action immobiliére lorsqu’elle a pour objet un immeuble.
L’ation réelle est ancrée la où se trouve l’immeuble.L’action personnelle est ancrée dans la cour de
district lā ou réside le déside le débiteur.
La prescription acquisitive pour les immeuble est de 30 ans pour les meubles la prescription est
instantanée (en fait de meubles la possession vaut titre).
L’action en justice est le pouvoir légué ā une personne de s’adresser ā la justice afin d’obtenir la sanction
de son droit.
L’action conserve un double caractére : elle est ā la fois facultative et libre.
La demande en justice : elle est l’acte de procédure par laquelle s’exerce l’action.
60

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
2.2 Conditions pour entrer l’action

1. Il faut avoir un droit muni d’une action.Point d’action pour une oblication naturelle, exemple ;
dettes de jeux. Pour une obligation a terme il y a un délai pour effectuer le paiement donc pas
d’action.
2. Il faut avoir un intérêt (point d’intérêt, point d’ation)
3. La qualité pour entrer une actionroi
4. La capacité d’ester (de poursuivre ou d’intenter) en justice.
2.2.1 LA QUALITE
C’est le pouvoir en vertu duquel une personne peut entrer une action exemple : le pére en sa capacité
d’administrateur légal de son enfant mineur entre une action en D&I causée ā son enfant mineur.
La qualité souléve ā la question de fond (basic capacity). La question de fond est relative ā l’existence
d’une question légale (where power is given to sue or be sued).
2.2.2 LA FORME
Elle peut être constatée par acte authentique ou sous seig privé (private deed) ou le pouvoir résulte de
la loi. L’avoué mandataire ad litem pour son client. Ce mandat prend fin par le jugement. Si le client veut
aller en appel ou si l’appel est dirige contre le client, l’avoué doit obtenir un mandat spécial du client car
il a cesse de représenter son client. (Vo. L’affaire Tara Knitwear v Off Spa where the attorney for Off Spa
was not in Mauritius and the office refised as to lodge the appeal as the mandate had terminated. The
Supreme Court said that the main case was not over.)
La question de forme est aussi régie en function de la régle nul ne plaide par recourruer si ce n’est le roi.
C’est ā dire il faut que le mandataire décrive le mandant (the agent must describe the person for whom
he is appearing i.e. Mr X acting as agent and proxy of Mr Y.
According to Crown Proceedings Act the state of Mauritius does not have a legalnpersonality and is
represented by the attorney General
2.3 Classification des actions

1. Suivant la nature des droits exercés entre l’action personnelle, réelle et mixte.
2. Suivant l’objet (l’action mobilière et immobiliére
3. Et aussi entre L’action possessoir et pétitoire qui sont vraiment des subdivisions des actes
immobilières
Toutes ces actions ont un caractère extra patrimonial c’est ā dire celles relative ā l’ètat et la capacitè des
personnes sont exclusivement de la compétence de la Cour Suprême où l’action est entrée par de plaint
with summons (extreme urgency by motion)
2.3.1 ACTION POSSESSOIRE
Art 23,24,25 du Code de Procédure Civile
Art 108 du Court’s Act
Art 22,29 du Code Napoléon
61

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Définition : L’action possessoire est celle par laquelle deux possesseurs d’un fonds ou de droits réels
immobiliers, lorsqu’il est troublé dans la jouissance de la chose qu’il possède ou qu’il ait dèpouillé
violemment s’adresse ā la justice pour faire cesser ce trouble ou cette occupation sans être oblige de
prouver qu’il est le propriétaire.
3 types d’action possessoire : la complainte, la re-intégrante et la dénonciation de novel œuvre.
2.3.1.1 La Complainte
Elle est l’action donnée au possesseur d’un immeuble dont la possession est troublée par autrui.
Exemple : mon voisin passer sur mon terrain.
2.3.1.2 La re-intégrante
Action donnée au possesseur dont la possession est dépouillée ou dépossédée par autrui. Exemple :
mon voisin se met ā couper ma récolte ou ā labourer mon champ, cette action a pour but de permettre
au possesseur de rentrer en possession ou et retrouver la possession perdue.Il est remarquer que la
possession actuelle n’est pas exigible non plus la possession est animo domino.
Donc un locataire peut entrer une action en France. La loi mauricienne ne reconnait pas cette action.
2.3.1.3 La dénonciation de novel œuvre
Elle a lieu lorsque les troubles de la possession par autrui éventuel. Elle a été introduite en France en
1838. Elle n’est pas applicable a Maurice car il y a le writ of quia timet injuntion.Exemple :mon voisin est
entrain de faire des fouilles soit pour planter des arbres ou pour construire et ceci sans observer la
distance légale de la ligne séparative de mon héritage (3 pieds.)
Ni le code de procédure civ. Ni le Court’s Act ne parle de ces sub-divisions.
Selon des dispositions de la Section 108 du Court’s Act, les conditions pour entrer dans l’année du
trouble (prescrition : within 1 year from imputed trespass), après cette année, c’est une véritable
prescription ou extinction de la chose. (which becomes time barred)
Le demandeur doit faire une requête a être maitenue ou re-intégré dans la possession paisible et utile
de la chose. (loss has to be restoreed or maintain in possession, etc)
La qualité de la possession du demandeur doit être en conformité avec la qualité de la chose exigé par
L’article 22 et 29 CCM a savoir la possession doit être continue, non-interrompue, paisible, non-
equivoque a titre de propriété et apparante c’est ā dire a titre de propriétaire et apparente c’est ā dire
manifester par une construction, une clõture ou une platation. (ceci est exige par la jurisprudence
francaise)
Jaipalv Cailloux 1954 MR
Ramgharitta v Massilla Limite 1954 MR
Il ne faut pas demander un magistrat de rendre son jugement sur les titres de prppriété toutefois
lorsque la valeur de l’immeuble n’excéde par Rs 50,000 il peut demander du magistrat de rendre un
jugement (if question is raised by the parties) le magistrat peut aussi donner son jugement sur le
pétitoire (la propriété)
62

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
L’action pétitiore (ownership ; petitor of action) est celle par laquelle elle prétend qu’on a sur la chose
posséde par un tiers soit un droit de propriété soit un démembrement du droit de propriété exemple :
l’usufruit,usage, servitude.
2.3.2 DISTINCTION ENTRE L’ACTION POSSESSOIRE ET PETITOIRE

2.3.2.1 Capacité
Celui qui administre le bien d’autrui peut entrer un action possessoire ainsi un tuteur ou le père en
qualitè d’administrateur lègale du bien de ses enfants sans aucune autorisation pour entrer une action
pètitoire il faut avoir la capacitè de disposer des objets en litige.
2.3.2.2 Compètence
L’action possessoire est entrèe en Cour de District même si la valeur de l’immeuble excède Rs 50,000
(therefore irrespective of the value)
L’action pétitoire est entrée selon le common law c’est ā dire up to Rs50,000 in DC and up to Rs500,000
IC and above Supreme Court
2.3.2.3 Objet
L’action possessoire ne peut avoir pour objet que des immeubles de droit réel ou immobiliers. L’action
pétitoire ne peut avoir pour objet des meubles ou des immeubles.
2.3.2.4 Non-cumul
Le demandeur a l’action pétitoire ne peut plus entre une action possessoire car elle est présume
reconnaître le bien fondé de la possession le défendeur.
Dans une action possessoire le demandeur peut réclamer des dommages et intérêts car ces dommages
sont considère comme l’accessoire (ne peut pas être séparé mais il faut enrichissement sans cause) de
l’action pétoire.
Néanmois les dommages ne doivent pas excéder Rs50,000 autrement il faut entre une action en
Suprême Court car la Court Intermédiaire n’a point juridiction pour L’action possessoire.
Goorghan v Joye 1866 MR
Jhugessur v Jhugessur 1990 MR
Rungen v Narayen 1982 MR
2.4.L’OBJET DE L’ACTION POSSESSOIRE:
Le droit de la chasse et de la pêche peuvent être constitués de deux manières différentes. Ils sont
considérés comme un droit réel d’usage limité a certaines emploies tant que le détenteur de ces droits
doit être considéré comme un simple locataire. Dés lors une question de faite doit être apprécie par le
63

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
magistrat si le droit est consideré comme un droit d’usage (mini-usufriut c’est ā dire la jouissance établit
sur une chose particulière)
Regle de non-cumul possessoire et exécutoire Art 25 Code de procédure civil. La possessoire et le

pétitoire ne peuvent être cumulés. Cette régle veut dire que le possesseur qui intente une action
possessoire ne peut en principe demander au magistrat de statuer sur le droit de propriété. La ????????
de cette prohibition de cumul de S’appliquer non seulement au magistrat mais aussi au parti.
Le magistrat au possessoire ne doit pas admettre ou rejeter la demande en se basant exclusivement sur
le titre de propriété c’est ā dire le jugement doit se reposer sur la possession de même le magistrat au
pétitoire ne doit pas faire reposer son jugement sur la propriété.
Cependant ??? établit a Maurice lorsque la valeur n’excède pas Rs50,000 dans ce cas le magistrat sur
requête des parties peut trancher sur la propriété.
Cette dérogation a la loi française a pour but d’éviter une action pétitoire entre les même parties (avoid
multiplicity of issues between parties).
Le demandeur peut faire usage de son titre de propriété pour provoquer la qualité de sa possession (not
to prove his ownership but throw some light on the nature of the possession.
Juggessur v Juggessur 1990 MR
Seethul v Rampersad 1990 MR
Rungen v Rungen 1990 MR
Cette régle s’applique au demandeur : Le demandeur qui a intente une acion petitoire ne peut agir an
possession quand il est présume reconnaître le bien fonde de l’action du propriétaire. C’est en quelque
sorte de sa part un aveu implicite (implicit admission) du bien fondée de l’action de demande.
Cette régle de non cumul l’applique au défendeur : il ne pourrait se pourvoire au pétitoire qu’après que
le jugement serait exécuté c’est ā dire le jugement du possrssoire doit être respecte au préalable.
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF MOKA
AB Plaintiff
v/s
CD Defendant
Proecipe
64

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
1. Whereas since February 2000 Plaintiff has been in peaceful and quiet possession and occupation
of a portion of land of 50 perches planted with sugarcane and situate in District of Moka in place
called Bois Cheri and morefully described in a deed transcribed in Volume X No.Y
2. Where in May 2001 Plaintiff was troubled by Defendant in his peaceful and quiet enjoyment of
said land in as much as he uprooted and damaged plaintiff’s sugarcane Plantation.
3. Whereas the Plaintiff avers that Defendant has no right or capacity to trouble him in his quiet
enjoyment of the said land.
4. Whereas by the illegal acts and deeds of Defendant Plaintiff has suffered damages and prejudice
amounting to Rs. 15,000 which def is bound to make good.
5. Whereas in June 2001 Plaintiff has caused a notice mis-en-demeure to be saved on defendant
requesting him to leave, quite and vacante the said land and pay Rs. 20,000 in damages. The
Def. Has up to now failed and neglected so to do.
6. Plaintiff therefore prays from this Honourable court for 2 judgement ordering the defendant:
a) To quit leave and vacate the said portion of land describe in paragraph 1 above
b) Not to trouble plaintiff again in his peaceful enjoyment and possession of said land served to
pay to the plaintiff the sum of Rs. 50,000 as damages with costs.
XXXXXX
Jules Koenig Street
P’s Attorney
3 LES EXCEPTIONS (DEFENCES)
3.1 Suspension de l’instance
Des obstacles temporaires a l’action qui est dirige contre la procédure : La suspension de l’instance. Elle
n’a point pour objet de nier la prétention du défendeur mais seulement a en retarder l’examen, en
critiquer la forme sans disputer le fond. (without going into the merits) Elle est invoque au début du
procés et avant tout def…au fond.
Pougnet and others v Bolah (Bankruptcy Court Record) 8664 of 1989.
Autard de Brayard v Balin 1862
Cail et Co. V Portal 1881 MR
Facts of the Pougenet Case :
Liquidators of A.G. Nabee and G. Nabee had presented a petition to decree various sales of immoveable
properties as null and void. Bolah (purchaser) has given a defence in the merits of the case;
65

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
subsequently the case was fixed for trial. On trial day, Mr Bolah took a preliminary objection to the
petition to the effect that the petition had to be set aside because various causes of action and different
persons were joined in the same petition when it was inexpedient to do so. The plea in limine litis was
set aside as it was not taken up ta the proper time i.e. before the filing of the plea on the merits.
Selon le Code de Procédure Civile les exceptions sont :
1. Judicata solvi
2. Les renvois
3. Déclinatioires (delatory judgement)
4. Les nullités
5. La communication des piéces (duscovery of evidence)
Les diverses exception lorsqu’elles sont prises simultanément doivent être propose dans l’ordre de la
classification.
3.2 Les renvois
La loi traite d’exception appelles déclinatoire c’est ā dire exemple :
- Incompétence (c’est ā dire incapacité du juge ou du magistrat de juridiction)

- Litis pendence (pending litigation)
- De connexité
3.2.1 INCOMPETENCE : LACK OF JURISDICTION.

a) Absolu- il a incompétence absolue lorsque de part de sa nature l’affaire ni par aucun juge de la
même juridiction. Une action concernant l’état civil d’une personne, l’interprétation d’un acte
de donation en Cour de District.
b) Relative- ou territoriale lorsque l’on assiste la juridiction qu’il doit connaître de l’affaire mais au
lieu de s’adresser tel juridiction il s’est adresse a une autre. Limmeuble en question se trouve ā
Port-Louis. Et la plainte a été logée ā Rose-Hill ou le défendeur réside.
L’incompétence absolue L’incompétence relative
1. Elle est d’order public 1. Elle est d’ordre privé

2. Peut être propose en tout état
De cause (at all stages of proceedings) même
En appel. 2. Ne peut être propose qu’au début de l’instance ie
Limine litis
3. Elle peut être propose tant par le
Défendeur tant par le demandeur et si personne 3. Peu être proposé par le défendeur et parfois
66

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Ne l’invoque, le juge peut prendre le point de par le magistrat.
Visu (proprio motu).
NB : Dans le cas de l’incompétence relative se borne a déclarer son incompétence sans décider de la
cour compétente
3.2.2 LA LITIS PENDANCE
Litige introduit devant deux cours différents. Dans les demandes, il y a identités des personnes, d’objets
et de causes.
3.2.3 CONNEXITE
Il a connexité lorsque les deux demandes sans être identiques, sont cependant liées par des rapports si
intimes, qu’il est nécessaire de la faire examine par le même magistrat.
Le demandeur doit faire prononcer le jugement par la cour saisie la première, exemple : un acquéreur
actionne son vendeur an délivrance de l’immeuble devant la cour de district ou réside l’acquéreur.Les
deux cours de districts sont compétentes mais si les affaires sont réglée séparément, il y aurait
inconvénient car l’une de ces cours pourrait ordonner l’acheteur a payer le prix et l’autre pourrait
autoriser arefuser la délivrance. Dans ce cas, la cour de district saisi en second doit se désister au profit
de la première. Jamal Khan v Ramdanee 1986 MR.
3.3 Les Nullités
Nullité d’un acte de procédure :
Il y a nullité s’il y a inaccomplissement ou inobservation d’une formalité essentielle sans qu’il n’y ait
besoin d’un texte formel des formalités d’accomplissement sant celle qui donne a l’acte sa nature et son
caractère exemple : un acte de procédure qui n’est pas signe par l’avoué.
Il y a nullité mais seulement si un texte le dicte ou le prononce surtout lorsqu’il s’agit d’une formalité
secondaire (Art 1029 et 1030 du Code de Procédure Civil)
Point de nullité sans texte, ne s’applique que pour les nullité secondaire : exemple : une saisi
immobilière ne peut être effectue qu’après dix jours de la sommation du commandement de payer mais
avant les 90 jours.
(See sale of uimmoveable property act at end on nullity)
En outre il faut prouver que l’iobservation de la formalité a cause un préjudice a la partie adverse.
(Auchabar v Ritoo 1974 MR ; Peter Musgrove v Cargo Co. 1989 MR)
Les effets de la nullité
67

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Une foi la nullité prononcé il faut recommencer le procédure a partir de l’acte nul (at the stage where
the act is null and void). En outre l’avoué peut être condamne pour paiement de frais ou en dommages
et intérêt.
3.4 Les exceptions dilatoires

3.4.1 DEFINITION
Elles ont pour effet de différer le procés et par suite le jugement. Elle est non-applicable a une veuve ou
une femme divorce. Elle s’applique seulement au profit d’un héritier.
A l’ouverture d’une succession, l’héritier peut accepter purement et simplement ou renoncer la

succession ou de l’accepter sous bénéfice d’inventaire.(L’option successoral) Cependant les créanciers
de la succession peuvent poursuivre un héritier qui n’a point exercé cette option l’héritier a l’avantage
d’opposer l’exception dilatoire qui est de 3 mois 40 jours.
Pendant ce délai dilatoire, le procés contre l’héritier est suspendu, les demandes seront sans doutes
variables. Cependant elle ne peut reconduire a aucune condamnation actuelle contre l’héritier parce
qu’elle n’est pas ??? de grande qualité.
Ainsi pou éviter cette condamnation et pour se réserver cette plénitude d’option que la loi consacre ā
son profit d’oppose a la demande de faite et encore dans le délai de faire l’inventaire. Cette défense
proposée par l’art 474 de Code de Procédure Civile éloigne le procés. Exceptionnellement le jude pourra
prolonger le délai de 3 ou 4 jours.
3.5 La communication de piéce
En CS est demande d’avoué a avoué par voie de lettre. En cas de refus ou de négligence de l’avoué une
demande est faite au M&R afin d’obtenir la publication.
Sanction : Si après l’odre du M&R(la partie adverse persiste dans son refus) he will no longer be allowed
to make use of the evidence. (in English law it is found in the Supreme Court practice)
En Cd on set une summation (notice) au moins 2 jours avant le process sur la partie adverse, les
documents sont déposé au greffe de la Cour de District dans les trois jours faute de quoi la partie
adverse n’aura pas le droit de faire l’usage de ce document.
4 TRIAL
4.1 Descente des lieux
Visit of the locus : Art 295-301 Code de procedure civile
Principe:
Elle peut être ordonne soit d’office par le juge (proprio motu) s’il estime que c’est le seul moyen pour le
loi de s’éclairer,soit a la demannde des particuliers.
68

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Exception : si un simple rapport d’expert serait suffisant (exemple : construction on boundary line).
Procédure : elle consiste dans la transport sur les lieux d’en juger assiste de son greffier) clerk of court)
et en présence des parties les représentant (who must be summoned). Le CC est muet sur ce mode de
preuve.
En Cour Suprême, une motion verbale est faite a la cour et le juge fixe le lieu, l’heure et le jour de la
descente des lieux. La signification est faite (summons) par acte d’avoue a avoue du jour et l’heure de la
descente. Cette signification veut sommation de se présenter au jour indique.Il faut que le juge entende
sur les lieux les explications contradictoires des parties. Le procès verbal est dressé par le greffier et sera
parti du dossier du tribunal.(part of the court’s record)
Voir Ramdanee v Luximon 1979 MR
Le magistrat s’était rendu sur le lieux en l’asbsence des parties et en l’absence de son greffier et sans les
avertir.En se basant sur les constatations de visu, il avait rendu un jugement.LA cour suprême en appel
avait renverse ce jugement et avait ordonne a new trial (a visit to the locus is like real evidence and of
no value if given in the absence of the adverse party.
4.2 L’acquiescement
C’est acte de se soumettre au prétention de son adversaire (confessed judgement).Acte unilatéral et pas
conséquent : l’acceptation de l’adversaire n’est pas nécessaire.
4.3 L’inscription des faux (forgery of public document)
Procédure
Par voie de plaint with summons en Court Suprême soit pour attaquer l’acte authetique and notatial
deed,acte sous seing privé.
Il y a 2 sortes de faux :
Faux Matériel :
Lorsque la pièce a été falsifiée physiquement.
Faux Intellectuel :
Une pièce n’a été ni touche ni fabrique (not tempered with) mais qui l’ont rédigé y ont introduit des
fausses déclarations exemple : le notaire déclare dans un acte authetique que Mons X ici présent alors
que Mons X est déjā mort.
5. DESISTEMENT ET PEREMPTION
5.1 Du désistement d’instance
Art 402-403 Code de Procédure Civile
69

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Acte de procédure par lequel le demandeur renonce ā poursuivre une action qu’il avait initié.Ily a 3
espèces de désistement :
1. D’un ou plusieurs actes de procédure isolée

2. Désistement d’instance
3. Désistement d’action
5.1.1 CODE DE PROCEDURE CIVILE NE S’OCCUPE DU DESISTEMENT
Selon les dispositions de l’Art 403 le désistement. Lorsqu’il aura été accepte emportée de plein droit le
consentement que les choses soient réunis de part et d’autre au même état qu’il était avant la
demande.
Le but de ce désistement est d’arrêter le procés sans attendre le jugement. Le désistement ne touche
pas le droit litigieux. Demandeur veut seulement entendre l’instance mais comportement réserver son
droit. Eg :Demandeur s’aperçoit dans un procés irrégulier et qu’il lui manque certains documents
important qu’il espère récupérer plus tart. Il vaut mieux se désister que de prendre un procés que l’on
peut recommencer ultérieurement et en de meilleures conditions.
Procédure
Demandeur doit avoir la capacité d’ester en justice l’acte de désistement a la différence des actes
ordinaires, doit porter la signature des parties (ou de leurs mandataires spéciaux) ā peine de nullité de la
procédure
La signature du client est exigée non seulement sur l’originale mais aussi sur la copie destine ā être servi
sur l’adversaire. La signature du client a l’acte de désistement est nécessaire pour empêcher le désaveu
de l’avoué.
Le désistement doit être accepté par le défendeur et a pour effet de rompre le lien juridique d’instance.
Si le défendeur refuse abusivement de l’accepter,le demandeur peut faire une demande a la Cour
Suprême par voie de motion afin de l’obliger a l’accepter le désistement
L’acceptation du désistement ne se présume pas.Le silence du défendeur équivaut a un refus.
Pillay : P asked to be non-suited but he court refused and gave a dismissal Supreme Court says could
have withdrawn the plaint and the magistrate would have been bound to accept it.
It is therefore important to distinguish between désistement d’instance in Supreme Court and

Withdrawal of Plaint in the District Court where the plaintiff can withdraw the plaint up to the
judgement by notifying the clerk.
Section 44 of the district court Rules
IN THE SUPREME COURT
In re
70

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
EF Plaintiff
BC Defendant
Notice of ‘Désistement’(optional)
Take Notice that the Plaintiff hereby gives up (se désiste) of the action he has entered against you, the
above named defendant in the above court by way of plain with summons dated and served by the
usher PQ on
The plaintiff is hereby ready and willing to pay you all taxed bill of costs that may have been incurred by
you.
Dated the day of July 2001
Me ZZZ HHJJ
Of Jules Koenig street Mr AB
5.1.2 DESISTEMENT IN DISTRICT COURT
There is a difference between non-suit and désistement. The désistement is as of right up to the time of
judgement but the right to a non-suit is not absolute.(Murugappa v Jhanky 1986 MR)
The action was entered before the Intermediate Court AND ON TRIAL DAY Plaintiff moves to be non-
suited. The defendant objected and the court orderd a dismissal. Plaintiff appealed and the Supreme
Court upheld the judgement of the Intermediate Court as : a non-suit applies only when P does not
appear and the defendant appears. The Supreme Court observed that P could have withdrawn his plaint
by serving a notice on the defendant is entitled and this without the leave of the District Court. What the
court reproached to the plaintiff was that he could have withdrawn his plaint purely and simply and
there would have been no need for the magistrate to give a judgement.
5.1.3 DESISTEMENT D’ACTE DE PROCEDURE ISOLEE
Cela n’exige pas le consentement de l’adversaire car c’est un acte moins grave que le désistement
d’instance exemple : une demande de pension alimentaire ou de la garde d’un enfant dans une
procédure de divorce.
71

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Le désistement d’action exige le capacité de disposer du droit lui-même. Ce désistement est peu
probable car personne ne voudrait perdre son droit de poursuivre contre un adversaire. Le consetement
de l’adversaire n’est pas nécessaire car cela lui profite toujours.
5.2 LA péremption d’instance
Art 397-402 CCM
De la péremption
397. Toute instance, encore qu’il n’y ait pas eu constitution d’avoué, sera éteinte par discontinuation de
poursuite pendant trios ans.Ce délai sera augmenté de six mois, dans tous les cas où il y aura lieu ā
demande en reprise d’instance, ou contitution de nouvel avoué.
398. La péremption courra contre l’Etat, les établissement publics, et toutes personnes, même
mineures, sauf leur recours contre les administrateurs et tuteurs.
400. Elle sera demandée par requête d’avoué ā avoué, ā moins que l’avoué ne soit décédé, ou interdit,
ou suspendu depuis le moment où elle a été acquise.
401. La péremption n’éteint pas l’action ; elle emporte seulement extinction de la procédure éteinte, ni
s’en prévaloir.
5.2.1 LES EFFETS
En cas de péremption, le demandeur principal est condamné ā tous les frais de la procédure périmée.
C’est l’extinction de l’instannce par la discontinuation de poursuite pendant le temps fixé par la loi
ordinairement 3 ans a partir du dernier acte de procédure ayant acquis date de procédure ayant acquis
une date certaine (date oppasable) aux tiers (binding on third parties).De la preuve des contrats et
obligations :
1. Pour acquérir une date certaine on fait enregistrer l’acte.

2. La date du décès
3. Si le contenu est mentionne dans l’acte authentique.
Le délai de 3 ans est prolonge pendant 6 mois lorsqu’il y a reprise de la demande d’instance constitution
d’un nouvel avoué occasionne par le décés d’un avoué antérieur.
La péremption anéantie la procédure prononce mais laisse la faculté de renouveler. Elle met les choses
au même état ou si elle avait était si la demande n’avait pas eu lieu. Il faut qu’on soit en présence d’une
véritable instance mais toute instance est susceptible d’une péremption même si elle intéresse l’ordre
public.
72

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
La péremption n’a pas lieu d’un droit le juge peut prononcer d’office (proprio motu) la partie adverse
doit faire une requête a cet effet. Elle est interrompue par les actes valables fait par l’une des parties
avant la demande de péremption. Nukan v Hullichurn 1990 MR
Le défendeur seul qui peut en principe demande la péremption et a défaut ses héritiers et ses créances
(See action oblique)
Le défendeur doit avoir la capacité d’ester en justice. La péremption coure contre l’etat les mineures, et
les collectivités publique (district Council)
5.2.1.1 Procédure
Suprême Court : L’action est entrée par voie de motion, l’effet de la péremption est identique a celui du
désistement d’instance (instance est périme :le droit existe)
Cependant l’aveu (admission) n’est pas affecte par la péremption.
5.2.2 PLURALITE DES DEFENDEURS
La péremption d’instance avait pour effec de faire tomber en principe tout instance (l’instance est
indivisible) est conséquent la péremption demande par le défendeur profite aux autres sans même qu’il
ne soit apprenti a l’instance.
Conclusion :La péremption d’instance a perdu sa valeur aujourd’hui car il est peu probable qu’on aurait
un seul cas de péremption si l’action est entrée par voie de plaint with summons.
6. JUGEMENT
6.1 Les types de jugements
6.1.1 LES DEFINITIONS
Le jugement est définitif lorsqu’il statut sur le fonds du droit (basic right) il et attaquable (appelable) par
la loi des recours.
Le jugement est ??? lorsque le délai d’appel est expire. On dit alors que ????
Le jugement provisoire a pour but de régler la situation passagère qui sera fait au plaideur pendant la
durée du procés sur les fonds et il a pour but d’assurer a l’une des parties une protection devenue
nécessaire par la suite de la lenteur de la justice. (exemple : pension alimentaire, la garde des enfants
pendant la procédure de divorce)
Le jugement convenu ou expédiant (judgement by consent of the parties). Il a lieu lorsque le litige est
simule ainsi deux personnes d’accord pour conclure un contrat mais voulant que la convention soit
consacrée par un jugement simule le désaccord. Un des contractants s’adresse ā la justice et l’autre
déclarent s’en rapporter a la sagesse du tribunal. (abide by the decision of the court).
73

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Le jugement gracieux a lieu lorsque dans une affaire il y a ni litige ni adversaire. Le juge n’est que le
témoin de solennelle de la vie des individus, exemple : jugement d’adoption, l’autorisation du juge en
chambre au père administrateur légale de vendre les biens de son enfant mineur.
En générale le jugement n’est pas susceptible d’appel et n’a pas l’autorité de la chose jugée.
6.1.2 LE JUGEMENT CONTRADICTOIRE ET LE JUGEMENT PAR DEFAUT
CCM : En Suprême Court le jugement contradictoir est valable pour 10 ans pour droit personnel et 30
ans pour les droits réels. Passé ce délai, le jugement est périmé (contrairement de ce qui a été dit dans
le District Cour Act ou le paiement partielle fait revivre le jugement soit pour une période de 6 mois
(défaut) ou de 3 ans (contradictoire) a partir du paiemeent. S’il y a faute de comparution, il faut payer
dans les 6 mois. Mais s’il y a faute de conclure (no defnce) dans la Cour de District ou 30 dans la Cour
Supême. If the Def puts in his defence but does not appear it is trested, the judgement is treated as
contradictory.
L’avoué généralment fait executer le jugement après 6 mois s’il y a faute de comparution il ne peut pas
aller de l’avant.
6.2 Third Party Procedure ou Intervention
Les Rules de la Cour Supême Section 40 et L’article 339 du Code de Procédure Civile. Sur le sujet voire
(Odges) on Pleadings and Practice.
L’intervention volontaire c’est le faite d’une personne qui de son propre mouvement se mêle a une
instance qu’elle n’a pas introduite ou n’est pas dirigé contre elle soit pour se faire déclarer que le droit
litigieux lui appartient soit pour s’assurer la conservation de ses intérêts qui pourrait être compromis par
les résultat d’instance. (Vo.Jugatsingh v Bapoo 1979 MK)
L’intervention forcée c’est celle par laquelle on met un tiers dans un procés alors qu’elle ne l’a pas
demandé. Elle est aussi conue sous le nom de l’action en déclaration d’un jugement commun ou la mise
en cause.
Pour pouvoir intervenir, il faut avoir un droit, al capacité, la qualité et un interérêt.
L’intervenant doit justifier un délai actuelle ou éventuel, soit moral soit pécuniaire.(Vo. Panglose v Fook
Seng 1955 MR) . It is possible whether the main action is entered before the judge in chambers by way
of proecipe and affidavit or before Supreme Court by way of plain with summons or by way of motion
and affidavit. It is only the defendant and the respondent who can have recourse for such a procedure in
order to put into cause the third party in the main case. (Plaintiff can amend his plea).
Defendant or respondent must make the application before the filing of a defence. It is made in the
same way as a main action and the judge merely consolidates both cases. This procedure is resorted to
or connected with the original subject matter of the action, should be determined not only between the
plaintiff and the defendant but also as between either or both of them and a person not already party to
74

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
the action. Thus where in a case of road accident there were no road markings on the road, the State of
Mauritius can be put into cause for failure to do so.
6.3 Requête civil (New Trial)

6.3.1 VOIE DE RECOURS EXTRA-ORDINAIRE
La requête civile est une voie de recours extraordinaire (appel: ordinaire) et de rétration. Comme new
trial par laquelle revient devant les juges qui ont déjà statué pour les prier de modifier leur jugement
que l’on prétend avoir été rendue par leur aveux.
Appel :
Elle est une voie de recours ordinaire
Le délai pour rentrer un appel est de 21 jours et le jugement pourra être reforme ou annule.
Requête Civile :
. c’est une voie de recours extraordinaire.
. Le délai pou entrer un appel est 3 mois ā partir du jugement qui pourra être rétrcte.
. Pour exercer la requête civile il faut que la violation de la loi et l’inobservation de forme résulte d’une
erreur involontaire et que cette erreur soit provoque par le plaideur. Si la violation de la loi ou
l’nobservation des formes provenait de la volonté réfléchie du juge qui avait estime que la loi n’est pas
applicable pour que les formalités ne doivent pas être remplit. La voie de recours serait un cas de
certiorari.
. La requête civile ne s’applique que dans des circonstances limitativement désigne par la loi (Art 840
Code de Procédure Civile) et contre les jugements soit contradictoire soit par défaut mais rendu en
dernier essor final et conclusif.
. L’état, les établissements publiques et les mineures seront encore reçu a former une requête civile s’il
été défendu ou s’il n’ont été valablement défendue.
6.3.2 LES CAS OU LA REQUETE CIVILE EST ADMISE
. S’il y a eu dol personnel
. Si les formes prescrites a peine ne nullité ont été viole soit avant soit lors du jugement pourvu que les
nullités ne sont pas constate par les parties (waive)
. S’il l’acte prononce sur chose non demandé.
. S’il a été adjuge plus qu’il n’a demande (interest)
. S’il a été omit de prononcer sur un des chefs de la demande. (prayers)
75

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
. S’il a contrariété de jugement en dernier essor entre la même parti et sur les même moyens (evidence)
et dans les même tribunaux.
. Si dans le même jugement il y a des dispositions contraires
. Si dans le cas ou la loi exige la commutation du Ministère publique et cette commutation n’a pas eu
lieu et le jugement n’a pas été rendue ontre celui pour qui elle a été ordonnée.
. S’il a été juge sur pièce reconnue ou déclarée fausse depuis le jugement.
6.3.2.1 Délai pour entre l’action
Il faut faire la requête civile dans les 3 mois du jugement lorsqu’il s’agit des majeurs et ā partir de la
signification du jugement.Si la partie est mineure, le délai est ā partir de 3 mois de sa majorité.
Elle est faite par voie de motion en Cour Suprême mais il faut demander l’autorisation de la Cour
Suprême ou entrer cette action with leave.
La Cour Suprême doit donc vérifier si l’on est justifié pour entrer cette action (justified) et ensuite
demanderbā la Cour Suprême que le jugement soit rétracté et reforme. Cette procédure d’autorisation
est aussi requise pour l’action de lésion ou de la vente de l’immeuble. (2 years)
Tier Opposition
C’est un tiers qui fait la demande. Requête Civile
La demande est faite par l’une des parties.
Jugement rétracté al’égard d’un tiers mais reste valable a l’égard des autres
Le jugement est rétracté.
Délai de 10 ans
Délai de 30 ans
7. LES DéPENS
7.1 La condamnation aux dépens
Art 130- 133 du Code de Procédure Civile
Judicial Provision Act
Solicitors Act 1843, Section 37
Art 130 Code de procedure Civile: Toute personne qui seccombe sera condamné aux dépens (Costs).
76

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Le fondement de la condamnation du perdant aux dépens est la conséquence d’une obligation légale
résultant d’un lien juridique d’instance. C’est la cour elle-même qui met ā la charge du perdant
l’obligation de payer les dépens Et ceux-ci dans un souci de stricte d’équité.
Li faut que le gagnant soit du procès qu’il a raison d’engager ou auquel il a eu raison de défense aussi
indue que possible.
Lorsqu’il y a plusieurs parties avec un intérêt commun venant a succomber, la condamnation aux dépens
ne pourra être prononce contre ceux que par sa part personnelle dans la contestation.
Si la dette est solidaire, les dépens ne seraient pas solidaires parce que la solidarité ne sera présent point
et sauf une déposition particulière.
Exception ā ce principe :
1. Les dépens pouvant être compense (une répartition) en tout ou en partie dans les cas suivants :
(a) Lorsque le procés est entre conjoint, ascendant, descendant, frères et sœurs, les alliés au même
degré (inlaws :beau-frère et belle-sœur)
(b) Il s’agit d’un procès entre parents et allié ā un degré rapproche et la loi craint que la
condamnation aux dépens soit de nature a accroître l’irritation déjā produite par la
condamnation principale.
(c) Lorsque les parties succombent respectivement sur quelque chefs de la demande (heads).
(d) Lorsque la partie perdante a obtenu une assistance judiciaire (legale aid)(not if you lose thoughs
the state will claim its costs)
(e) Lorsque le perdant est le ministère public (eg in cases concerning minors and bonnes mœurs)
7.2 Distraction of costs
L’avoué fait des dépens et ensuite le réclame de son client. En principe les dépens sont paye par le
perdant ou gagnant sauf a rembourser son avoué les dépenses et disborsement qu’il a fait pour lui. Le
gagnant n’est pas solvable, son avoué le plus souvent a raison des concours des créanciers ne sera paye
qu’en partie des frais encourus. Si le gagnant quoique solvable refuse de rembourser ā l’avoué celui-ci
sera oblige de recourir a la justice. Ainsi la distraction des dépens donne ā l’avoué qui obtient une autre
action bien plus avantageuse parce qu’elle est en sa personne directement contre le perdant. L’avoué
devient le créancier de la partie condamne pour la totalité des dépens même pour la partie dont il n’a
pas fait d’avance.
La distraction des dépens au profit de l’avoue ne libère pas le client au profit de son avoue.
Délai pour entre une action par un avoue contre son propre client (own clients costs) L’action doit être
entrée dans 2 ans a partir du jugement ou a partir de sa révocation (CCM)
Procédure de la distraction des dépens : Pour obtenir cette distraction, l’avoue doit remplir deux
conditions (1) affirmer qu’il a fait la plus grande partie des dépens (2) faire prononcer la distraction par
le juge prononçant la condamnation (barrister puts sollicitor in witness box)
77

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
133. Les avoués pourront demander la distraction des dépens ā leur profit, en affirmant, lors de la
prononciation du jugement, qu’ils ont fait la plus grande partie des avances. La distraction des dépens
ne pourra être prononcée que par le jugement qui en portera la condamnation ; dans ce cas la taxe sera
poursuivie et l’exécutoire délivré mau nom de l’avoué, sans préjudice de l’action contre sa partie.
7.3 Adjournment cost
Imposed by legislator so as to avoid undue delay arising from postponement. Any party to case can
apply for an adjournment of any civil proceeding at any stage in the proceedings. The party who has
incurred the cost makes the application for costs to the Magistrate, Master &Registrar, Judge in
chambers. The adverse party (who would have to pay costs) must have applied for an adjournment for
good cause and the application must have been granted. Cost may include cost of commonly witnesses.
7.4 Wasted Cost
Imposed on counsel /attorney as a result of any improper or unreasonable act /omission on their part or
when the Court considers it unreasonable to expect a party to pay it. (Applies to civil proceedings only).
Ordered on application by the party who has incurred the cost.
Before making the order, the Court gives the legal representative an opportunity to slow cause against it
(rules of natural justice are observed). The amount of cost must be specified and the quantum must be
according to the 4th Schedule of the Judicial Legal Services Act. The Court may also direct notice to be
given to the client.
7.5 Treble costs
Whenever a magistrate is sued in his official capacity and the case is disposed of in his favour, the court
may grant the magistrate 3x costs.
7.6 Costs certified as to counsel
Whenever a case is before the judge in chambers and the presence of Counsel was necessary to enter
the case, the judge may grant costs as to counsel as well.
7.7 Costs of the day
It must be construed according to the intention of the judge who granted the order. This order is
sometimes made when through he latches of the attorney, the case could not continue.
7.8 Costs between the solicitor and his own client
(Solicitor Act)
The procedure is laid down in the Solicitor’s Act of 1843 in England at Section 37. (Vo Kadaroo v Sunray
1972 MR)
A notice accompanied by a draft of the bill of costs is served on the client by the attorney requesting him
to pay the amount of the bill of costs informing him that he has the right to request that the bill of costs
78

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
to be taxed by the M& R within a delay of 1 month and no payment is effected’ the attorney may enter
an action in the Supreme Court by way of plaint with summons irrespective of the amount involved. In
the District Court the costs are taxed by the District Clerk subject to review by the magistrate.
There is No Appeal against taxation of costs. (Harel Frère v Boojhawon 1907 MR)
Supreme court has appellant jurisdiction by virtue ot Act but no right of appeal against costs has been
created. Thus if the Taxation was by the master then can appeal.
7.8.1 PROCEDURE FOR TAXATION
A notice of taxation is served on the losing party requesting him to attend office of chief Registrar of the
Supreme Court on a specified day and time whereupon the winning party will proceed with the taxation
of costs due by virtue of the judgement of the Supreme Court.
A party dissatisfied with taxation by the Chief Registrar may appeal to the SG within 21 days from the
day of taxation. No surety (caution) is furnished in this case. Thus the Usher is authorized to seize
property of the Defendant. Once the seizure is done, an advertisement of same must be made in the
Government Gazette at least 4 days later. The property of the debtor will be sold publicly.
In case there is no property party or seizure, the usher will draw an ulla bona return. Distress:Not
enough property to pay debt. In this case the judgment creditor may ask the clerk by way of simple
proecipe for a writ of execution to be issued so that the immoveable property of the debtor may be
seized.
IN THE SUPREME
XXXX PL
v/s
YYYYY Def
Proecipe
For a writ of execution to issue in the above matter in as much as the seizure of the movable property
has resulted in a nulla bona return.
UALR
Upon the writ of execution being issued, it is executed by the usher in seizing the immoveable property
of judgment debtor. A notice (commandement) must precede the seizure by at least 10 days before
seizure. After seizure the procedure will be in compliance with the sale of Immovable property Act.
79

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
8.2.2 VALIDITY OR LIFE SPAN OF A JUDGEMENT
1. Judgement given by default: 6 months.
Note: This is somewhat controversial, two cases existing.
(a). Faute de comparution (no appearance ): It is valid for 6 months unless there is part payment in
which case it is revived for a further period of 6 months from the date of part payment
(b). Faute de conclure where the defendant asks for particulars or made his plea but not represented on
day of trial: period of 6 months does not apply as judgement is considered as contradictory.
Rugjee v. Rugjee (1999) MR
2. Contradictory judgement
(a). Concerning payment of money : 3 years
(b). Concerns anything else than money (e.g. pulling down a wall):
1. With profit personel (créance):10 years
2. Real rights :30 years
8.3 Attachment
8.3.1 INTERPLEADER
This procedure is used when the usher has seized the property of a third party instead of those
of the defendant. Thus the tiers has to serve a notice onto the usher who forwards it to the
district clerk. In the notice the third party requests the usher not proceed with the sale of the
property seized ornot to dispose of proceeds of sale if sold in as much as he isbthe lawful owner
of the property seized or sold.
The District Clerk causes a summons to be issued calling on execution creditor (plaintiff) and the
third party to appear in court on specified date and time. The magistrate will adjudicate on the
case. Further tye third party can also sue the creditor and the state of Mauritius as commettant
and the usher as préposé due to the fact that has been defamed and also an action in damages
which will be dealt with later.
8.3.2 SAISIE-ARRĚT
8.3.2.1 Introduction
There are two types of attachment in the Supreme Court:
Provisional attachment
Final attachment
The creditor must have either and executory title either by notarial deed or by a judgement.
A creditor (attaching party makes an application to the magistrate of the district where the
debtor resides by way of proecipe and affidavit for an order of attachment to be issued.
If want to seize in the hands of third party: Attachment (procedure triangulaire) The third party
is the débiteur de son débiteur. The third party is also known as the garnishee when he holds
property belonging to the defendant. Application is by way of proecipe.
80

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Order of attachement is served on the garnishee. Within 12 days from order of attachement an
application is made to the district clerk of the district where the garnishee resides by way of
simple proecipe and without affidavit for a summons calling upon the garnishee to be and
appear before the magistrate on a specified date and specified time to make affirmative
declaration by which the garnishee declares the amount of money or the property which he
holds in his hands and which belongs to the execution debtor.
8.3.2.2 Affirmative declaration
The garnishee can make a negative declaration in that he does not hold property belonging to
the defendant. Failure by the garnishee to make affirmative declaration makes him personally
liable to the attachment party of the amount due by the execution debtor.
Example Garnishee owes debtor Rs 150. Debt due to the execution debtor is Rs25. If he makes
affirmation he will have only to pay R 15. If he fails to do so, he will have to pay R25.
Once garnishee has paid,then he can apply to magistrate for payment.
The garnishee and the Defendant reside in different districts. In such a case the order of
attachment is issued out of the district where the defendant resides. The summons to make the
affirmative declaration is issued by the District Clerk where the garnishee resides.
8.3.2.3 Provisional Attachment
This does not exist in France or in the Supreme Court. It is particular to the District Court.
Attachment notice is served on the garnishee. If P loses his case (i.g Plain with summons set
aside) order of attachment will fall.
The order of attachment is given at the risks and peril of the Plaintiff. Thus P is liable in damages
to the D. if P obtains judgement, the said judge must validate order of attachment.
With 12 says from the date of judgement P must ask District Clerk for a summons to issue calling
on the garnishee to make his affirmative act within delay fixed in summons.
Provisional seizure
There is no provisional seizure in the Supreme Court except in a commercial matter and is base
upon Art 417 of Civil Procedure (Saisie proviso ire commerciale).
After lodging the plaint, the plaintiff may apply to the magistrate by way of proecipe and
affidavit (ex p.) for an order allowing him to seize the moveable property of the Defendant.
However he can do so in only 2 cases:
(1) If the defendant is a trader and the Plaintiff satisfied the magistrate that to his best
knowledge and belief (thus making it ok the fact alleged dose not materialize) the
Defendant is about to dispose of his property.
(2) If claim is for the recovery of rent, the usher seizes the property of the defendant
provisionally.
If P obtains judgement in his favour then at time of the judgement he must move the court to validate
the provisional seizure. As a result there is no need to seize the property of D again.
81

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
An advertisement must be made in the Government Gazette and 4 days later the property will be sold
publicly by the usher (Acts as auctioneer). A sale at the place of the defendant would be unlawful, as it
needs to be a public sale. As a precautionary measure, the property should be removed from the
custody or control of the defendant as he may remove it from his premises or lock his gates on the day
of the sale. The usher will usually appoint a guardian (esp. if the moveable property is mobile) or D may
propose to do so (less costly but equally less secure).
8.3.3 Saisie arrêt(Attachement) ou opposition dans la Cour Suprême
C’est une saisie faite par un créancier entre les mains d’un tiers de ce que ce tiers doit a son débiteur.
L’objet de la saisie peut être une créance (a claim) des meubles corporels (bijoux) ou incorporel (les
actions dans une compagnie ou une somme d’argent)
8.3.3.1 Les personnes de cette saisie
Le saisissant : the attaching pary
Tout créancier soit chirographaire (ordinary creditor), soit hypothécaire, soit privilégié peuvent être des
saisissants.
Le saisi : défendeur
Toute personne peut être le saisi toutefois l’état (and foreign states) ne peuvent être le saisi afin de ne
pas entraver la bonne marche de l’administration publique.
Tiers saisie : garnishee
L’état peut être un garnishee. Le tiers est le débiteur de son débiteur. Ce qui le caractérise, c’est le
défaut de lien de subordination entre lui et le saisi c’est ā dire le tiers ne doit pas être le préposé d’une
saisi. Ainsi le caissier d’une saisie n’est pas un tiers. Dans ce cas il faut faire une saisie exécution et non
une saisie arrêt.
Ex : Dépendant du contrat :Dépôt de bijoux : la banque est le tiers et il faut faire une saisie exécution
Louage d’un coffre a bijoux : les bijoux sont au débiteur donc il faut une saisie arrêt.
Saisie arrêt d’un compte courrant dans une banque
Il faut arrêter le compte (strike balance NOT stopping account) pour voir si la banque est un tiers. Si le
débiteur a un découvert a la banque (overdraft) ceci n’est pas un tier alors la procédure de faire arrêter
le compte est un tiers alors la procédure de faire arrêter le compte est faite par une notice servi par
l’huissier. Aussitôt le service de cette notice est effectué, le saisissant fait la saisie arrêt entre les mains
d’un banquier.
8.3.3.2 Quelle Créance ?
La créance doit eter certaine (déterminable) exigible (indiscutable)et liquide (liquidated sum).
Si la somme n’est pas liquide, on peut la faire evaluer provisoirement par le juge en chambre.
82

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Zuriad v Savripen 94 SCJ 1994
MCB v Sibartie & fils 6 SCJ 1982
Même s’il n’y a pas de titre exécutoire, on ne peut faire une saisie arrêt mais il faut avoir une créance.
Sila créance n’est pas constaté par un titre, le saisissant peut faire une demande au Juge en Chambre
pour être autorise a faire une saisie arrêt pour fixer provisoirement le montant, une somme
d’argent,jusqu’ā la concurrence de la quelle la saisie arrêt sera faite (evaluation provisoire de la créance)
exemple : la victime d’un accident.
Certaine créance ne peut être l’objet d’une saisie arrêt et elle sont énuméré par la Courts (Civil
Procédure) Act et par l’Art 581 du Code de Procédure Civil :
1. Les Salaires
2. Les pentions
3. Les gratuites
4. Les chose déclare insaisisable par la loi exemple : outil d’artisans.
5. Les provisions alimentaire adjugé par la justice
6. Les sommes et objets disponible déclares insaisissable par les donateur ou testateur
7. Les biens de l’état
There is no attachment in the salary or pension or gratuity payable to the debtor. Nor in any amount
deposited in the Post Office Saving Bank.
Where the Government owes money to a contractor, in practice attachment is possible in 2 cases where
the contract has not been completed yet.
1. Workers suing the contractor for wages

2. Persons having supplied materials to the building contractor
Take notice that in order to secure the payment of Rs.70,000 due by CD to the above-named AB a virtue
of a promissory not, the said AB hereby objects to the payment of any amount that you may put to CD
up to a sum of Rs 70,000 as well as any sum that will become payable to CD.
You are warned that should you fail to comply with the requirements and exigencies of the present
notice saisie arrêt you will be held personally responsible towards the said AB for the same prejudice
being suffered by non-compliance.
8.3.3.3 Les effets de la saisie arrêts
1. Interdiction de faire des paiements au saisie car le paiement sera inopposable ???au créancier
saisissant(Art 1242 CN)
2. Interdiction de faire le paiement au créancier saisissant car ce dernier ne bénéficie aucun droit de
préférence par rapport aux autre créanciers.
3. Interruption de la prescription de la créance sur les tiers saisie (Art 1298 CCM)
83

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
4. Impossibilité de plaider la compensation entre les dettes réciproque qui pourrait exister entre les
dettes du saisi et du tiers saisi (Art 1298 CCM) la compensation ou set-off : les dettes doivent être
fongible et exigible.
Note : Compensation is set-off et les dettes doivent être fongibleet exigible.
Dénonciation de la saisie-arrêt et assignation en validité au saisi.
Dans les 8 jours la peine de nullités les créanciers saisissant doit :
1. Il faut faire une demande au Master and Registrar par voie de proecipe et affidavit (optional) for
a summons to issue calling upon the Respondent (le saisi) to be and appear before the
honourable judge on a day to be fixed to show cause why the instance en saisie arrêt effected
on the garnishee should not be validated.
2. Dénoncer sur les saisies???et copie de l’ordre du M&R qui contient une sommation en validité
de l’instance de la saisie arrêt pour comparaître devant le juge a un jour indique dans la
sommation. La dénociation avise le saisi que sa créance est bloque.
3. Dans les 8 jours a compter de la demande en validité de l’instance au saisie copie de l’ordre du
Master and Registrar et signifier au tiers saisie (garnishee) (in order hem ay not plead or pretend
ignorance of same.
4. La contre-dénonciation a pour but de connître au tiers saisie l’existence d’une instance en
validité il joue le rôle des témoins.
Il est a remarquer que l’assignation en validité a pour but de faire les caractères de la créance invoque et
la régularité de la procédure suivie. Seebarti v MCCB 1981 MR
8.3.3.4 Demande en validité de l’instance (2 hypothèses)
Le saisie s’oppose ā la demande et la conteste (raise a serious defence) Le juge en chambre n’a pas
juridiction et les parties iront en Cour Suprême par voie de motion pour valider l’instance de la saisie
arrêt.
Le saisi accepte la demande en validité de l’instance en saisie-arrêt. Le juge valide l’instance, le saisissant
fait une seconde demande au juge en chambre ex parte for an order to issue calling on the garnishee to
make his affirmative declaration in the registry of Supreme Court with delay to be fixed by the judge.
AB serves saisie arrêt on bank by the 8 th day (8/7/2001)
-Master and Registrar demande
-sert la notice sur le débiteur (16/7)
-Ensuite (16-17/7/2001) il fait servi sur le saisi la notice et l’odre du Master and Registrar, dénoncer
toute la procédure sur la banque (8 Jours a partir de l’ordre)
Le juge en chambre donne son ordre (a fait) qui permet au créancier saisissant d’obtenir un rule-
exécutoire (in DC warrant by levy) de la Cour Suprême.
Le rule est signifie sur le tiers saisi, ce dernier doit faire la déclaration affirmative quand elle est fixe par
le juge.
84

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Le tiers saisi doit faire le dépôt de la somme due avec le caissier de la Cour Suprême.
La déclaration est accompagne des pièces justificative (document evidence). Le receveur de billet public
(caissier) donne simplement un certificat attestant la somme retenue afin de ne pas entraver la bonne
marche de l’administration publique.
Si la déclaration affirmative n’est pas faite dans le délai, le tiers saisi devient de plein droit le débiteur
pur et simple de la créance intégrale du saisissant même si sa dette vis-ā-vis du saisi soit inférieure a
cette créance. C’est une peine civile infligée au tiers saisie s’il manque ā son obligation de faire la
déclaration affirmative.
Lorsque la déclaration affirmative est faite par le garnishee il peut si le créancier saisissant, en est
satisfait faire une demande au Master and Registrar for a summons to issue on the debiteur saisi to
show cause why the saisie arrêt should not be validated why an amt deposited by the tiers saisi with
cashier should not be paid to the attaching party.
Cette action en validité est dirigée contre le garnishee et le caissier de la Cour Suprême et en présence
du saisi.
8.4 Summons after unsatisfied judgement (SAUJ)
8.4.1 IMPRISONMENT OF NON-PAYMENT OF JUDGEMENT DEBT
Whenever the plaintiff has qood reason that the defendant has good reason to believe that the
defendant has the means to pay but is willfully is refusing to do so, the plaintiff can ask the magistrate
for an order sentencing the debtor with a term of imprisonment for non-payment of judgement debtor.
The Human Rights law may have however impliedly repealed this such that by the Judgement of the
Supreme Court by Judge Seetulsing June 1998,the plaintiff must now exhaust all the remedies that are
available to him and thus the summons was refused (imprisonment being a draconian remedy).
8.4.1.1 Procedure
Application by way of proecipe and affidavit to the Court for a summons to issue, calling upon the
judgement debtor to appear before the court on a specified day and time to show cause why he should
not be sent to jail for non-payment of judgement debt.
As a rule the summons must be served personally on judgement debtor and on the returnable date the
debtor is examined as to his means but not under oath. The debtor may be sent to jail in 4 cases only:
1. The service of the summons was personal and he did not appear in court.
2. He attended court but refused to make such disclosures as was required of him by the court.
3. After the examination it appears to the court that the debt was incurred by means of fraud or
breach of trust.
4. He had disposed of the property in the creditors.
As a rule there is no imprisonment for non-payment of debt in Mauritius. If in a contract it is inserted

that the conditions can be enforced by imprisonment (contrainte par corps) that the contract would be
valid but the clause may be disregarded.
85

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
However the Supreme Court can decree that its judgement can be enforce by imprisonment in the
following cases:
1. Where a contract is annulled as having been obtained by fraud or violence or having been made
for the purpose of defrauding third parties.
2. When damages have been given by the court as amended for a prejudiced case or by a
fraudulent act or an act in bad faith.
3. When the lessee of the property does not produce at the expiration of the lease the cattle
leased to them under a contract for mutual profit (bail a cheptel).
4. When damages have been obtained in a case of crime or misdemeanor.
5. When damages have been obtained on account of a fraudulent possession of property.
8.4.2 SAUJ IN THE SUPREME COURT
Whenever the judgement creditor has good and substantial reason to believe that his judgement debtor
(defendant) has the means to pay but is willfully refusing to do so, he can serve an affidavit to this effect
or apply to the Judge in Chambers for an order calling upon the creditor to appear on the floor of the
Supreme Court on a specified date and time whereupon the judgement debtor will be examined as to
his means.
Procedure
Ex parte application is made to the judge in chambers supported by an affidavit calling upon the
judgement debtor to be and appear before the Supreme Court on a specified date and time to be
examined as to his means. If a prima facie case is made to the satisfaction of the judge, he will make the
order.
If on the returnable date the judgement,
. Debtor does not attend,or
. He refuses to make such disclosures as may be required by the court, or
. After examination it appears to the court that he has disposed of his property in fraud of his creditors,
The court can sentence him to a term of imprisonment if the judgement debtor fails to satisfy the
judgement debt within a delay to be fixed by the court.
8.4.3 PLACES WHERE A JUDGEMENT DEBTOR CANNOT BE ARRESTED
.In any church while a religious ceremony is being celebrated therin
. The national assembly when the assembly is holding one of its sittings.
. In any house even in his own domicile except with a warrant from a judge or magistrate
. Where the judgement debtor is called as a witness before any court to summon and examine witnesses
while the court is sitting.
86

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
The following persons cannot be sent to jail for non-payment of judgement debt:
1. Parties who are Ascendants/ Descendant

2. Persons who have attained the age of 70 and minors.
8.4.4 TERM OF IMPRISONMENT
One-month imprisonment if the judgement debt does not exceed Rs.500. otherwise the maximum
penalty is 3 months. However the debtor can be released before the term of imprisonment either upon
order of the magistrate or with consent of the creditor given in the presence of the jailer or in the
presence of the police officer.
?? Cherie v Samoon (1998) SCJ 493
(Non-payment of civil debt-SAUJ-Breach of human rights)
Bankruptcy law and Income Tax Law purposes: There are two cases in which one can stop the defendant
from leaving Mauritius. Note that this is not possible in civil debts.
9 WRIT OF INJUNTION
9.1 Jurisdiction under English Law
It is both a public law and a private law remedy.
An injunction may be described as a judicial process where as a party is required to do a particular thing
or to refrain from doing a thing. It is an equitable remedy and is granted when it is just and convenient
to do so.
Just must be understood as equitable and balance of convenience has to be in your favour.
See generally Beans on injunction and Carr on Injunctions.
An injunction being an order directed against a person; does not run with the property like a mortgage.
Thus if there is a change of ownership, the third party is not affected by the injunction.
Otto Lazard and Co, v Noordally 1957 MR
In this case N had sold tons of scrap metal to OL and property was to be found in Reunion Island.
Subsequently, N sold it to a Japanese firm.OL applied for an injunction restraining N from delivering the
scrap metal to anyone else apart from OL.Writ granted.
9.2 Jurisdiction under French Law
9.2.1 INTRODUCTION
Whenever an injunction does not lie a party can apply to the judge in chambers as juge des référés (See
generally book at UoM) under Art 806 of the French Code de Procedure Civil and which article is the
87

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
French counterpart of the writ of injunction.
Art 806 is limited to 2 cases only:
(1) Incidental procedures arising out of a seizure.

(2) In all cases which is of a very urgent nature (dans tous les cas d’urgences) and there is no
reasonable defence at all open to the adverse party.
9.2.2 PROCEDURE FOR THE JUGE DES RĒFĒRĒS
Application to the judge in Ch for a summons to issue, calling on the adverse party to show cause.
Under the rules of the Supreme Court a party can apply to the J in Ch. For a rule to show cause asking
the adverse party to appear before the judge on a specified day and time to show cause why the court
should not grant…..
This power or rule to show cause is a delegate power exercised by the judge by the Supreme Court
(mandani) SC can control the acts of the Judge.
If a party is dissatisfied with the order of the judge he can apply to the Supreme Court by way of motion
and affidavit asking the court to dissolve the order (Special Procedure: Not an appeal).
9.3 Kinds of Injunction:
Interim writ of injunction
Interlocutory writ of injunction
Perpetual writ of injunction
Mandatory writ of injunction
Prohibitory writ of injunction
9.3.1.1 Nature
Applies where there is such an extreme urgency that the applicant cannot wait that a summons be
issued and served on the adverse party to show cause against the application.
It is an ex parte application the judge in chambers to issue the writ of injunction (it is obtained on same
day and it is valid only for a number of days) to stop forthwith and appear on such a date and time
before him to show cause. If def wants time the judge will enlarge it. If the def does not show cause, it is
enlarged to an interlocutory. In a main case a perpetual writ is granted
It is given behind the back of the parties and is valid only for a few days usually up the returnable date
before the judge in Chambers. On the returnable date, the interim order is either enlarged or converted
into an interlocutory injunction or simply discharged.
9.3.1.2 Procedure
88

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
An ex parte application is made by way of proecipe and affidavit. This application is made returnable on
a subsequent date specified in the writ of injunction on that day, the interim writ will either be
discharged enlarged if the adverse party requires extra time to file a counter affidavit. An interim writ of
injunction is usually given at the own risks and peril of the applicant.
An interim writ of injunction is a drastic remedy, which must comply with stringent conditions of
substance and form. The affidavit accompanying the proecipe must fully and fairly state the case in the
knowledge of the plaintiff. There must be no concealment or misrepresentation of the facts, which must
be brought before the court, as there is a severe duty for full disclosure on the part of the applicant. The
applicant must also say at what precise time he became aware of the injury to show that there is no
undue delay in enterig the action.
Gujadhur v Gugadhar and anor 1970 MR
Nundlall v. UBS 1973 MR
9.3.3 INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTION
1. It is merely provisional in nature and does not conclude a writ.Its effects and objects is to preserve the
object of the dispute in status quo. The conditions precendent to entering an action is a main action in
the supreme court usually by way of plaints with summons must be pending or contemplated except in
cases like: Maheshwarnarth v Sanatan Dharma Temple 1985 MR
2. The applicant must have a legal right the alleged variation of which must be a substabtial character.
3. The prejuidice to the applicant must be irreparable and cannot be adequately compensated by
damages.
4. Being a legal remedy the application must be within the least possible delay.
9.3.3.1 Defences to the adverse party
Savilliere Hally Manard v Abdool 19990 MR
1. The applicant must come with clean hands.

2. Hardship will be caused to the Respondent or the wrong has nearly been completed.
3. Balance of convenience in favour of the respondent. (Goburdhun v Societe Suncor)
4. There has been undue (inequitable or unreasonable delay) in entering the action.
5. The applicant has impliedly given his consent (au vue et au sue) in the commission of the act
complained of.
6. An adequate remedy is available to the respondent discontinuing the wrong or not to trouble
the applicant again. (Bhodoo v Victor Glover 1992 MR)
Writs of injunction: Always concerns proprietary matter not personal matters.
Cannot claim damages. If quantification of damages is possible, injunction will not be granted.
It is asked by a main action entered in the Supreme Court, usually by means of a plaint with summons.
A perpetual injunction concludes the rights of the parties personally (autorité de la chose jugée)
89

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
The interim writ is valid for 3 to 4 days only. The interim injunction is only valid until the main case.
9.3.3.2 Appeal against interlocutory writ
1. The interim writ can be attacked by By way of appeal
2. By way of motion to the Supreme Court to have the writ dissolved (S73 Courts Act)
3. By appealing to the very same judge who made the order to have the order varied or revoked.
The power given to the judge to entertain the case dealing with injunctions is a delegate power and the
Supreme Court has retained the power to review the of the judge
9.3.4 MANDATORY INJUNCTION
9.3.4.1 Nature
An injunction is mandatory when its order is to compel the performance of a positive act tending to alter
the exiting state of things e.g. the removal of a work already completed or restore things to their former
state. It is granted where the remedy by damages would be inadequate for the purpose of justice and
the restoring things to their former state would be the only remedy, which will meet the requirements
of this case.
Usually the court hears the adverse party before hearing the writ and a delay is granted to the
contravening party to remedy to the situation failing which the writ will be granted.
9.3.4.2 District and Intermediate Court
For specific performance and for cases falling within the jurisdiction of the DC or the IC, the magistrate
has the power to grant injunctions in order to enforce the judgement of the court and in order that the
litigant may obtain all relief from the same court and in order that the process of the court does not
become useless.
9.3.4.3 Warrant of tenement
There is no injunction against the state of Mauritius vide the State Proceedings Act. An aggrieved party
can ask for a declaration instead.
Declaration: Court merely declares the rights of the parties without giving any order.
Fishmonger and fisherman Association v. Govt of Mauritius 1977 MR
In some cases the judge in chambers has granted an injunction against the PM of Mauritius.Mv Home
Office 1993 MR
Green v PM 1993 MR
Court’s Civil Procedure
Chelie v Sawon: but up till now the law has not been amended. The judge in that case declined to give
the order.
90

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
10 JUDICIAL REVIEW
10.1 Introduction
Judicial review is a form of judicial control in matters of public law. Usually, the decision is taken by the
statutory body exercising functions of a quasi-judicial nature. In matters of private law or if the matter
arises out of a private contract, judicial review does not apply. The remedy would be either an injunction
or claiming damages by way of PLAINT WITH SUMMONS.
Shan v MTC 1985 MR
This action was set aside as the object was contractual, the respondent being a private body.
Gowrissankar v MFPA 1980 MR
This action by a suspended director was set aside as the subject matter was contractual.
Augustal v Mauritius Sugar Terminal 1990 MR
Even where the respondent is a private body JR is still available if there is an element of public law. (not
giving a hearing)
Even if the relationship is contractual, if there is an element of public interest, JR would still apply.
10.2 Difference between an appeal and JR
1. When hearing an appeal, the Supreme Court is concerned with the merits of the decision (in law or in
facts or both). On review, the Supreme Court is concerned with the legibility of decision-making process.
2. In an appeal, the Supreme Court will have to decide whether the infetior court’s decision was right or
wrong. On the review, the court will find out whether the administrative decision was lawful or not.
3. Generally, an appeal concerns the decision of an inferior court of law. JR concerns the decision of an
administrative body e.g. Parliament. The power to review is in the Court’s interest.
5. On appeal, the Supreme Court can substitute its decision to that of the lower court if the appeal is
allowed. On review, the Supreme Court can only declare whether the administrative decision was lawful
or not.
6. The delay for the appeal is 21 days of the judgementFor the JR, the application must be made
promptly but not later than 3 months from the date of the decision. However if the 3 months have
lapsed,the applicant can still enter the application for the JR provided that he asks for the leave of the
court to enter the action outside the delay giving good reasons for the delay.
7. Appeal is as of right whereas in JR, the court has complete discretionary power and the leave of the
court has to be sought in the first instance.
10.3 Remedies available in JR
91

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Writ of certiorari- to quash an unlawful decision
Writ of mandamus- to compel the public body to do something
Writ of prohibition- to prevent a public body to do something
Writ injunction- applies to both public and private law remedy
Declaration- against the state
10.4 Grounds for JR
Abuse of jurisdiction
Breach of the rules of Natural-justice- This is based on two principles
Against bias
Right to a fair hearing (audi alteram partem)
Error on the face of the record (wrongly applied the law)
Unreasonableness, unfairness, unjust, denial of legitimate expectation.
Norton v PSC 1985 MR
10.5 Procedure
10.5.1 LOCUS STANDII (WHO CAN SUE)
The applicant must have sufficient interest to enter the action. If he has direct personal interest the
court will no doubt entertain his case. If the interest is of a public or general nature it is for the court to
determine whether he had the required locus standii.See Betsy v BoM1992 MR.
10.5.2 Parties (uaually 3)
1. Applicant: person affected by the administrative decision.

2. The respondent: a public body whose decision is the subject matter of the JR.
3. The Co- Respondent: the person who will be affected by the decision eventually if the
administrative decision is quashed.
10.5.2 THE JR APPLICATION CONSISTS OF 2 STAGES
10.5.2 The leave stage (1st Leg)
The motion supported by the affidavit and a statement of case is made ex parte for the leave to enter
action for JR, Although the application is an ex parte application, the court will request an applicant to
serve the documents on all the parties of the case. At the leave stage, the court may either grant the
leave if the court is satisfied that there is an ‘arguable case’.
The court may refuse leave if the application is frivolous, vexatious or hopeless. Normally the court will
lie to the judicial committee of the Privy Council. However an applicant may ask for only judge to be
92

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
appointed so that the aggrieved party if dissatisfied with the ruling at the leave stage may appeal to the
Court of Civil Appeal.
Bissesseur v Irrigation Authority 1992/3
Contents of the statement of case:
Name and description of the parties
The relief sought
The grounds of relief
10.5.2.2 The substantive stage (2nd led)
Once the leave stage is allowed, the applicant must make a second motion to the Supreme Court within
14 days from the date of the judgement. The ex parte disappears.The second motion is contradictory
and is made on a distinct affidavit and notice of the motion is served on all the parties.
In the second stage, there may be various prayers;
A prayer for such a writ to quash the decision
A prayer for such a writ of mandamus compelling the body to do something.
Such other order as the court may deem fit.
Example Mr X is a nursery attendant. He has been working for the Municipality of PORT LOUIS and in
another capacity for three years. The post of nursery attendant is advertised. To be eligible the
candidate must reside in Curepipe. Mrs D residing in RH has been appointed to the post from the 1 st of
May 2001 by the government service commission.
Under the local Govt Regulation only application from an employee of the municipality of PORT LOUIS
may be considered. Advise Mr X and Draw up an affidavit in support of the motion. (See Asterie case)
12. COURT OF APPEAL
11.1 Introduction
It is a division of the Supreme Court and consists of 2 or more judges excluding the judge who gave the
judgement, which is subject to the appeal. It hears exclusively appeals from a judgement of the judge
sitting alone in open court in the Supreme Court e.g. divorce cases (cf judge in chambers where appeal
lies with the Supreme Court as opposed to the court of civil appeal.
Any judgement can the subject of an appeal, either final or interlocutory, or even a non-suit.(cf the
Supreme Court and the District Court where only final judgements can be appealed. However, in District
court the losing party can ask the Magistrate to convert a non-suit into a dismissal so that he can
appeal.)
Compagnie Sucriere de Bel Ombre v Creselle 1985 MR
93

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
However the right to appeal is qualified if
1. The judgement or order is interlocutory, or

2. The judgement is as to costs if the order is made by the consent of the parties(meaning where
the parties have settled and have asked the judge to make the settlement the judgement of the
court)
Where the leave of the judge in the first instance is required before appealing against the judgement.
If the judge refuses the order to appeal then the 2 nd attempt for the leave to appeal may be made to the
Court of Civil Appeal itself.
11.2 Procedure to obtain leave
Ex parte application by way of motion and affidavit is made before the judge who gave the first
judgement.
New Goodwin Co Ltd. V Tan Yan 1977 MR
11.3 Appeal by way of case stated
You ask Judge to state case (where there are controversial matter for the opinion of the Supreme Court
and then to render Judgement.
The judge may either proprio motu (on his own motion) or under the request of party on a point of law
and then to give judgement according to the opinion of the Supreme Court. The party dissatisfied can
still appeal to the Court of Civil Appeal.
11.4 Procedure for appeal
Appeal must be made with 21 days for the delay of Judgement. Only for new trial in Intermediate Court
and District Court: 15 days. In Supreme Court there is no limit i.e. it is not prescribed but the delay must
be reasonable.
Prior to serving the notice of appeal, the Appeallant must appear before the Master and Registrar and
enter in a binding recognizance for the certain sum. Within 15 days of lodging the Appeal,the Appellant
must pay for the drawing up of the records.The Ground Appeal must be served on the Respondent and
on the M&R. As well as create a list is filed with registry of Supreme Court (essential otherwise it will not
accept the Grounds of Appeal).
Each step of the appeal is statutory and thus mandatory. Ifit is not respected,an objection can be raised.
However the civil exceptions apply: force majeur, cas-fortuir, and fait d’un tiers if you can prove it.
Note that if we are concerned with the Supreme Court rules, they are merely directory.
11.5 Appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
11.5.1 CASES WHERE AN APPEAL LIES
. Judgement of the court of criminal Appeal
. Judgement of the Supreme Court based on an election petition under Section 48 (c) of the People’s Act
94

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
. Judgement of the Supreme Court sitting as a Court of Appeal.
Judgement of any one case must be final and not interlocutory.
Tara Knitwear Ltd. V Off Spa 1990 MR
OS an Italian firm sue TK for the breach of contract. Case was tried before a judge of the Supreme Court
sitting alone in open court. The parties asked the court for an order for a ruling or question of liability in
the 1st instance (question of law to be determine). Court gave ruling against OS. OS appealed to Court of
Civil Appeal, which gave the judgement, was not final.
Ramlangan v IOIB 1990 MR
IOIB caused immoveable property of R to be seized and put to sale before Master and Registrar Court. R
applied to the Judge in Chambers for an interlocutory writ of injunction. With a view to stop the sale
but the writ was refused. He appealed to Supreme Court and the appeal was set aside. He applied for
leave to appeal to JR of PC but leave was refused. Interlocutory injunction. Not being final was refused
as the Applicant could have applied for a perpetual injunction.
Binesreesing v Saw Min 1976 MR
Same problem concerning a writ of Habere Facias possessionem.
In the following cases an appeal lies to the JC of Privy Council as of right.
1. Final decision in any civil or criminal proceedings on the question as to interpretation on the
construction of Mauritius.
2. When the matter in dispute on appeal to the Privy Council is of a value of Rs 10,000 or more or
when the appeal involves directly or indirectly a claim relating to property or rights to property
exceeding Rs 10,000.
3. Final decisions in proceedings under S17 of the constitution of Mauritius.
4. In such cases as may be described in National Assembly.
In the following cases, the appeal lies to the PC but with leave of the Supreme Court.
1.
2. Where the opinion of the Supreme Court the question involved in the appeal is one of great
public interest or otherwise ought to be submitted to the PC.(Sans Souci v R 1991 MR0)
3. In such other cases as may be presented by the National Assembly.
Even when an appeal lies as of right, leave of the Supreme Court is required because the Supreme Court
in any case will impose conditions, which must be fulfilled before final leave is granted.
11.5.2 CONDITIONS
The appellant is ordered to furnish security in the sum of Rs. 50,000. The appellant must submit to the
registrar of the PC within a delay fixed by the court 40 briefs.
95

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
Usually the delay is 90 days from the date prior to leave being granted. However on extension of the
delay may be granted upon motion may by attorney on good grounds.
S6 of Constitution: rights to property and other rights.
Never put grounds of appeal in motion when appealing to the JC of the Privy Coucil because grounds of
appeal will be given in statement of case (where each party presents claim in writing).
Appeal 21 days from day of judgement being counted as one day except in the district Court.
Application is by
. Way of motion in Supreme Court in term time and
.Petition when in vacation
The petition is presented to the judge in chambers who will make it returnable to the Supreme Court.
The motion is usually accompanied by affidavit and notice of motion.
The procedure for leave is divided into 2 sections.
1. Motion is made by leave to appeal to Privy Council and to fix the amount of security and the
delay within which the appellant must dispatch the brief to England.
2. Once the leave is granted and conditions are fulfilled, a second motion is made with a view to
obtain final leave.
Contents of affidavit for leave
1. The story of events i.e. action entered in the Supreme Court and tried and judgement was given
on that date.
2. Judgement given on a specified date the appellant is dissatisfied with the judgement.
3. Enumerate the section under which the appeal is being made but there is no need for grounds
of appeal to be stated within the affidavit.
Content of affidavit for final leave.
96

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
97

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
98

lOMoARcPSD|4796526
99

Adheen Vyas Bar Vocational Course Civil Procedure PDF

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Adheen Vyas Bar Vocational Course Civil Procedure PDF

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

lOMoARcPSD|4796526

Adheen Vyas BAR Vocational Course Civil Procedure

Civil Procedure (University of Mauritius)

StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

CONTITUTION of the COURTS

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

THE SUPREME COURT

The appointment of the Judges in Mauritius:

Jurisdictions of Supreme Court of Mauritius.

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

Jurisdiction of the Judge in Chambers

The Bankruptcy Division:

The duties of M&R

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

Criminal Jurisdiction of Supreme Court

Equitable jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

Jurisdiction of District Court

For money claims under Rs 250,000/-

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

Rodrigues District Court

The Industrial Court

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

Distinction between Appeal and Review

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

COMMENCEMENT OF CASES IN THE SUPREME COURT

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

Precedent of MOTION supported by AFFIDAVIT

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MAURITIUS

Claudino LAROSE, a security officer, of Cavern Provert, Rodrigues.

MAKE OATH AND SAY THAT:-

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

B: ordering and condemning the Respondent to pay to me a monthly

15. I humbly pray accordingly.

Sworn by the above named Deponent )

This …………..day of June 2015. )

Drawn up & explained by me. Before me,

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MAURITIUS

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

In the matter of:-

Claudino LAROSE, a security officer, of Cavern Provert, Rodrigues.

B: ordering and condemning the Respondent to pay to Applicant a monthly alimony of Rs

Claudino LAROSE, a security officer, of Cavern Provert, Rodrigues.

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MAURITIUS

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

In the matter of: -

Marie Danie LISETTE, a Teacher, residing at Caverne Provert Rodrigues.

Claudino LAROSE, a security officer, of Cavern Provert, Rodrigues.

B: ordering and condemning the Respondent to pay to Applicant a monthly alimony of Rs

Under all legal reservations

APPLICANT’S ATTORNEY instructing B. Préle-Frundi of Counsel

The drafting of the Plaint with Summons (PWS)

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MAURITIUS

AB, profession, of address of Plaintiff

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

Under all legal reservations

Downloaded by Vikash Beesoon (vikash1102@hotmail.com)

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MAURITIUS

In the matter of:

2. Mrs Daboo DOORGAH, residing at Vacoas, Route Quinze Cantons.