1. What is colloid?
a. Colloid system is a mixture in the condition between solution and suspension.
b. Example: The mixture of milk and water will result in a turbid solution. When we
let it, the solution will stay turbid and not precipitate, also can’t be filtered using
filter paper. If we observed with eye, the mixture is homogeneous. But when we
observed with ultra microscope, the mixture will be heterogen (consist of two
phase). This mixture is called colloid.
c. In the colloid system, the dispersed substance (milk) is called as dispersed phase.
And the medium used to disperse (water) is called as dispersion medium.
Dispersed phased is discontinuous and dispersion medium is continuous
e. Buih
i. Buih merupakan sistem koloid dengan fase terdispersi gas dan medium
pendispersi padat atau cair.
ii. Seperti pada emulsi, buih dapat terbentuk jika ada zat pembuih. Contoh
zat pembuih antara lain sabun, detergen, dan protein.
f. Gel
i. Gel merupakan sistem koloid setengah kaku (di antara cair dan padat).
ii. Gel akan terbentuk jika suatu sol yang fase terdispersinya mengabsorpsi
medium pendispersinya sehingga terbentuk sistem koloid yang agak padat.
iii. Contoh gel adalah agar-agar, jeli, dan silica gel.
iv. Electrophoresis
Colloid particles are electrically charged so that they are influenced by
electrical field.
The movement of colloid particles in the electrical field is called
electrophoresis.
v. Colloid Coagulation
Coagulation is caused by the removal or reduction of colloid particles
charges.
The reduction or removal of colloid particles change may happen in
electrophoresis cell or colloid system added with electrolyte solution.
Coagulation may happen when the electrophoresis cell is flow electric
current
The examples: Mud in turbid water is deposited by add alum.
vi. Water Purification Process
A colloid characteristic used to purify water is coagulation and
adsorption.
Substances which are usually used to purify water include alum, sand,
chlorine, slaked lime, and active carbon.
vii. Colloid Stability
Is a dispersed system which is relatively stable compared to the
suspension and solution.
In order to maintain the colloid stability, we can do it by remove the
colloid charges and adding colloid stabilizer.
The removal of colloid changes is aimed at preventing from
coagulation.
The addition of a substance in a colloid system may increase the colloid
stability such as emulsifier and protector colloid.
e. Lyophilic and Lyophobic Colloids
i. Colloid with liquid dispersion medium can be distinguished into Lyophilic
and Lyophobic Colloids
ii. Lyophilic colloid is a colloid with the big affinity between dispersed phase
and dispersion medium.
iii. Lyophobic colloid is a colloid with weak affinity between dispersed phase
and dispersion medium, or even no affinity.
iv. When the dispersion medium is water, the two colloids are called as
hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
v. The examples of hydrophilic in daily life are soap, agar, and starch.
vi. Differences between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids:
3. Hard to be deposited with the addition Easy to be deposited with the addition of
of little electrolyte little electrolyte
4. The viscosity is bigger than its medium Viscosity is the same as its medium
5. Reversible Irreversible
Reaksi Redoks
> Contoh pembuatan koloid dengan cara reaksi redoks adalah
pembuatan sol belerang dan sol emas.
> Sol belerang dihasilkan dari reaksi antara hydrogen sulfide dan
belerang dioksida yang dikakukan dengan cara mengalirkan gas
hydrogen sulfide ke dalam larutan belerang dioksida.
2 H 2 S (g) + SO 2 (aq) →2 H 2 O (l) + 3 S (s)
Reaksi hidrolisis: reaksi suatu zat dengan air.
Dekomposisi rangkap
> Contoh pembuatan koloid dengan cara dekomposisi rangkap
adalah pembuatan sol As2S3 dengan sol AgCl. Sol As dapat dibuat
berdasarkan reaksi antara larutan As2O3 dan larutan H2S.
c. Jenis koloid yang mencemari lingkungan: koloid memiliki manfaat yang besar
bagi kehidupan, namun ada koloid yang merugikan karena mencemari
lingkungan. Contoh jenis koloid yang mencemari lingkungan adalah asapa dank
abut (asbut) serta detergen.