VB Script Comments

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VB Script For QTP 2
VB Script Comments
Comments
The comment argument is the text of any comment we want to include.
Purpose of comments:
o We can use comments for making the script understandable.
o We can use comments for making one or more statements disable

from execution.
Syntax
Rem comment (After the Rem keyword, a space is required before comment.)
Or
Apostrophe (') symbol before the comment
Comment/Uncomment a block of statements
o Select block of statement and use short cut key Ctrl + M (for comment)
o Select comment block and use short cut key Ctrl + Shift + M (for uncomment)
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VB Script Variables
Definition 1):
Variable is a named memory location for storing program information

Definition 2):
A variable is a convenient placeholder that refers to a computer memory location
where we can store program information that may change during the time our
script is running.
Purpose of Variable:
a) Comparing values
Example:
Dim x,y,a
x=100
y=100
a=x=y
Msgbox a 'It returns True
b) Holding Program Result
Example:
Cost=Tickets*Price
c) Passing parameters
d) To store data that returned by
functions Example:
myDate=Now ‘ It returns current data & time
e) To hold data
Example:
myName=”gcreddy”
Declaring Variables
We declare variables explicitly in our script using the Dim statement, the
Public statement, and the Private statement.
For example:
Dim city
Dim x
We declare multiple variables by separating each variable name with a comma.

For
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VB Script For QTP 4
Example:
Dim x, y, city, gcreddy
We can also declare a variable implicitly by simply using its name in our script.
That is not generally a good practice because we could misspell the variable
name in one or more places, causing unexpected results when our script is run.
For that reason, the Option Explicit statement is available to require explicit
declaration of all variables.
The Option Explicit statement should be the first statement in our script.
Option Explicit Statement
Forces explicit declaration of all variables in a script.
Option Explicit ' Force explicit variable declaration.
Dim MyVar ' Declare variable.
MyInt = 10 ' Undeclared variable generates error.
MyVar = 10 ' Declared variable does not generate error.

Naming Restrictions for Variables
Variable names follow the standard rules for naming anything in VBScript. A
variable name:
a) Must begin with an alphabetic character.
Dim abc 'Right
Dim 9ab 'Wrong
Dim ab9 'Right
b) Cannot contain an embedded period.
Dim abc 'Right
Dim ab.c 'worng
Dim ab-c 'wrong
Dim ab c 'wrong
Dim ab_c 'Right
c) Must not exceed 255 characters.
d) Must be unique in the scope in which it is declared.
Scope of Variables
A variable's scope is determined by where we declare it.
When we declare a variable within a procedure, only code within that procedure
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VB Script For QTP 5
can access or change the value of that variable.
If we declare a variable outside a procedure, we make it recognizable to all the

procedures in our script. This is a script-level variable, and it has script-level
scope.
Example:
Dim x,y,z
x=10
y=20
z=x+y
msgbox z 'Returns 30
Function res
Dim
a,b,c
a=30
b=40
c=a+b+y
msgbox
c ' Returns 90
End Function
Call res
Life Time of Variables
The lifetime of a variable depends on how long it exists.
The lifetime of a script-level variable extends from the time it is declared until
the time the script is finished running.
At procedure level, a variable exists only as long as you are in the procedure.
Assigning Values to Variables
Values are assigned to variables creating an expression as follows:
The variable is on the left side of the expression and the value you want
to assign to the variable is on the right.
For example:
A = 200
City = “Hyderabad”
X=100: Y=200
Scalar Variables and Array Variables
A variable containing a single value is a scalar variable.
A variable containing a series of values, is called an array variable.

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Array variables and scalar variables are declared in the same way, except
that the declaration of an array variable uses parentheses () following the
variable name.
Example:
Dim A(3)
Although the number shown in the parentheses is 3, all arrays in VBScript

are zero-based, so this array actually contains 4 elements.
We assign data to each of the elements of the array using an index into
the array.
Beginning at zero and ending at 4, data can be assigned to the elements of an

array as follows:
A(0) = 256
A(1) = 324
A(2) = 100
A(3) = 55
Similarly, the data can be retrieved from any element using an index into
the particular array element you want.
For example:
SomeVariable = A(4)
Arrays aren't limited to a single dimension. We can have as many as 60

dimensions, although most people can't comprehend more than three or four
dimensions.
In the following example, the MyTable variable is a two-dimensional array

consisting of 6 rows and 11 columns:
Dim MyTable(5, 10)
In a two-dimensional array, the first number is always the number of rows;

the second number is the number of columns.
Dynamic Arrays
We can also declare an array whose size changes during the time our script is
running. This is called a dynamic array.
The array is initially declared within a procedure using either the Dim
statement or using the ReDim statement.
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However, for a dynamic array, no size or number of dimensions is placed

inside the parentheses.
For example:
Dim MyArray()
ReDim AnotherArray()
To use a dynamic array, you must subsequently use ReDim to determine

the number of dimensions and the size of each dimension.
In the following example, ReDim sets the initial size of the dynamic array to 25. A
subsequent ReDim statement resizes the array to 30, but uses the Preserve
keyword to preserve the contents of the array as the resizing takes place.
ReDim MyArray(25)
ReDim Preserve MyArray(30)
There is no limit to the number of times we can resize a dynamic array, although
if we make an array smaller, we lose the data in the elimina
VB Script For QTP 8
VB Script Data Types
VBScript has only one data type called a Variant. A Variant is a special kind of
data type that can contain different kinds of information, depending on how it is
used. Because Variant is the only data type in VBScript, it is also the data type
returned by all functions in VBScript.
Variant Subtypes
Beyond the simple numeric or string classifications, a Variant can make further
distinctions about the specific nature of numeric information. For example, we
can have numeric information that represents a date or a time. When used with
other date or time data, the result is always expressed as a date or a time. We
can also have a rich variety of numeric information ranging in size from Boolean
values to huge floating-point numbers. These different categories of information
that can be contained in a Variant are called subtypes. Most of the time, we can
just put the kind of data we want in a Variant, and the Variant behaves in a way
that is most appropriate for the data it contains.
The following table shows subtypes of data that a Variant can contain.
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VB Script Operators
Operators are used for performing mathematical, comparison and

logical operations.
VB Script has a full range of operators, including arithmetic operators,

comparison operators, concatenation operators, and logical operators.
Operator Precedence
When several operations occur in an expression, each part is evaluated and

resolved in a predetermined order called operator precedence.
We can use parentheses to override the order of precedence and force

some parts of an expression to be evaluated before others.
Operations within parentheses are always performed before those outside.

Within parentheses, however, standard operator precedence is maintained.
When expressions contain operators from more than one category, arithmetic
operators are evaluated first, comparison operators are evaluated next, and
logical operators are evaluated last.
Comparison operators all have equal precedence; that is, they are evaluated in
the left-to-right order in which they appear.
Arithmetic and logical operators are evaluated in the following order of

precedence.
1) Arithmetic Operators:
Operator Description
1) Exponentiation Operator (^) Raises a number to the power of an exponent
2) Multiplication Operator (*) Multiplies two numbers.
3) Division Operator (/) Divides two numbers and returns a floating-

point result.
4) Integer Division Operator (\) Divides two numbers and returns an

integer result.
5) Mod Operator Divides two numbers and returns only the remainder.
6) Addition Operator (+) Sums two numbers.

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7) Subtraction Operator (-) Finds the difference between two

numbers or indicates the negative value of a numeric expression.
8) Concatenation Operator (&) Forces string concatenation of two

expressions.
Example:
Dim a,b,c
a=10 b=3
c=a^b
msgbox c '1000
c=a*b
msgbox c '30
c=a/b
msgbox c '3.33333333
c=a\b
msgbox c '3
c=a mod b
msgbox c '1
c=a-b
msgbox c '7
Dim a,b,c
a=10 b=2
c=3
d=c*a^b
'c=a+b
msgbox d '1000
Addition (+) operator
Dim a,b,c
a=10 b=2
c=a+b
msgbox c '12 (if both are numeric, then it adds)
a="10"
b=2
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c=a+b
msgbox c '12 (one is string another numeric, then it adds)
a="10"
b="2"
c=a+b
msgbox c '102 (if both are strings, then it concatenates)
a="hydera"
b="bad"
c=a+b
msgbox c 'hyderabad
a="gagan"
b=2
c=a+b
msgbox c 'error
Concatenation Operator
Dim a,b,c
a=10 b=2
c=a&b
msgbox c '102
a="10"
b=2
c=a&b
msgbox c '102
a="10"
b="2"
c=a&b
msgbox c '102
a="hydera"
b="bad" c=a&b
msgbox c '102
2) Comparison Operators
Used to compare expressions.
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1) = (Equal to) Used to compare expressions.
2) <> (Not equal to) Used to compare expressions.
3) < Less than 4) > Grater than

5) <= Less than or equal to 6) >= Greater than or equal to
7) Is Object equivalence
3) Concatenation Operators
1) Addition Operator (+)
Sums two numbers
If Then
1) Both expressions are numeric Add.
2) Both expressions are strings Concatenate.
3) One expression is numeric and the other is a string Add.
2) Concatenation Operator (&) Forces string concatenation of two expressions.

4) Logical Operators
Operator Description Syntax
1) Not Performs logical negation on an expression result= Not expression
2) And Performs a logical conjunction on two expressions. result=

expression1 And expression2
3) Or Performs a logical disjunction on two expressions. result=

expression1 Or expression2
4) Xor Performs a logical exclusion on two expressions. result=

expression1 Xor expression2
5) Eqv Performs a logical equivalence on two expressions. result=

expression1 Eqv expression2
6) Imp Performs a logical implication on two expressions. result=

expression1
Imp expression2
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Input and Out Put Operations
InputBox Function
Displays a prompt in a dialog box, waits for the user to input text or click a button,
and returns the contents of the text box.
Example:
Dim Input
Input = InputBox("Enter your name")
MsgBox ("You entered: " & Input)
MsgBox Function
Displays a message in a dialog box, waits for the user to click a button,
and returns a value indicating which button the user clicked.
Example:
Dim MyVar
MyVar = MsgBox ("Hello World!", 65, "MsgBox Example")
MyVar contains either 1 or 2, depending on which button is clicked.

VB Script Constants
A constant is a meaningful name that takes the place of a number or string and
never changes.
Creating Constants
We create user-defined constants in VBScript using the Const statement. Using

the Const statement, we can create string or numeric constants with
meaningful names and assign them literal values.
Const statement
Declares constants for use in place of literal values.
Example:
Const MyString = "This is my string."
Const MyAge = 49
Const CutoffDate = #6-1-97#
Note that String literal is enclosed in quotation marks (" ").

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Represent Date literals and time literals by enclosing them in number signs (#).
We declare multiple constants by separating each constant name and value with
a comma. For example:
Const price= 100, city= “Hyderabad”, x= 27

Conditional Statements
Flow Control (Conditional Statements)
We can control the flow of our script with conditional statements and looping
statements.
Using conditional statements, we can write VBScript code that makes decisions
and repeats actions. The following conditional statements are available in
VBScript:
1) If…Then…Else Statement
2) Select Case Statement
Making Decisions Using If...Then...Else
The If...Then...Else statement is used to evaluate whether a condition is True or
False and, depending on the result, to specify one or more statements to run.
Usually the condition is an expression that uses a comparison operator

to compare one value or variable with another.
If...Then...Else statements can be nested to as many levels as you need.

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1) Running a Statement if a Condition is True (single statement)
To run only one statement when a condition is True, use the single-line syntax for
the If...Then...Else statement.
Dim myDate
myDate = #2/13/98#
If myDate < Now Then myDate = Now
2) Running Statements if a Condition is True (multiple statements)
To run more than one line of code, we must use the multiple-line (or block)
syntax. This syntax includes the End If statement.
Dim x
x= 20
If x>10 Then
msgbox "x value is: "&x

msgbox "Bye Bye" End
If
3) Running Certain Statements if a Condition is True and Running Others

if a Condition is False
We can use an If...Then...Else statement to define two blocks of executable

statements: one block to run if the condition is True, the other block to run if
the condition is False.
Example:
Dim x
x= Inputbox (" Enter a

value") If x>100 Then
Msgbox "Hello G.C.Reddy"

Msgbox "X is a Big Number"
Msgbox "X value is: "&X
Else
Msgbox "GCR"
Msgbox "X is a Small Number"

End If
4) Deciding Between Several Alternatives
A variation on the Then.. Else statement allows us to choose from

If... . several
alternatives. Adding ElseIf clauses expands the functionality of the
If.. Then.. Else statement so we can control program flow based on different
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. .
possibilities.
Example:
Dim x
x= Inputbox (" Enter a value")
If x>0 and x<=100 Then
Msgbox "X value is "&x
Else IF x>100 and x<=500 Then
Msgbox "Hello GCR"
Msgbox "X is a Medium Number"
Msgbox "Hello Chandra Mohan Reddy"
Msgbox "X is a Large Number"
Else
Msgbox "Hello Sir"
Msgbox "X is a Grand Number"
End If
End If
End If
5) Executing a certain block of statements when two / more conditions are

True (Nested If...)
Example:
Dim State, Region
State=Inputbox ("Enter a State")
Region=Inputbox ("Enter a Region")
If state= "AP" Then
If Region= "Telangana" Then

msgbox "Hello G.C.Reddy"
msgbox "Dist count is 10"
Else if Region= "Rayalasema"

Then msgbox "Hello GCR"
Else If Region= "Costal" Then

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msgbox "Hello Chandra mohan Reddy"
End If
End If
End If
End If
Making Decisions with Select Case
The Select Case structure provides an alternative to If...Then...ElseIf for

selectively executing one block of statements from among multiple blocks of
statements. A Select Case statement provides capability similar to the
If...Then...Else statement, but it makes code more efficient and readable.
Example:
Option explicit
Dim x,y, Operation, Result

x= Inputbox (" Enter x value")
y= Inputbox ("Enter y value")
Operation= Inputbox ("Enter an Operation")

Select Case Operation
Case "add"
Result= cdbl (x)+cdbl (y)
Msgbox "Addition of x,y values is "&Result
Case "sub"
Result= x-y
Msgbox "Substraction of x,y values is "&Result
Case "mul"
Result= x*y
Msgbox "Multiplication of x,y values is "&Result
Case "div"
Result= x/y

Msgbox "Division of x,y values is "&Result
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Case "mod"
Result= x mod y
Msgbox "Mod of x,y values is "&Result
Case "expo"
Result= x^y

Msgbox"Exponentation of x,y values is "&Result
Case Else
msgbox "Wrong Operation"
End Select
VB Script Constants
A constant is a meaningful name that takes the place of a number or string and
never changes.
Creating Constants
We create user-defined constants in VBScript using the Const statement. Using

the Const statement, we can create string or numeric constants with
meaningful names and assign them literal values.
Const statement
Declares constants for use in place of literal values.
Example:
Const MyString = "This is my string."
Const MyAge = 49
Const CutoffDate = #6-1-97#
Note that String literal is enclosed in quotation marks (" ").

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Represent Date literals and time literals by enclosing them in number signs (#).
We declare multiple constants by separating each constant name and value with
a comma. For example:
Const price= 100, city= “Hyderabad”, x= 27

Conditional Statements
Flow Control (Conditional Statements)
We can control the flow of our script with conditional statements and looping
statements.
Using conditional statements, we can write VBScript code that makes decisions
and repeats actions. The following conditional statements are available in
VBScript:
1) If…Then…Else Statement
2) Select Case Statement
Making Decisions Using If...Then...Else
The If...Then...Else statement is used to evaluate whether a condition is True or
False and, depending on the result, to specify one or more statements to run.
Usually the condition is an expression that uses a comparison operator

to compare one value or variable with another.
If...Then...Else statements can be nested to as many levels as you need.

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1) Running a Statement if a Condition is True (single statement)
To run only one statement when a condition is True, use the single-line syntax for
the If...Then...Else statement.
Dim myDate
myDate = #2/13/98#
If myDate < Now Then myDate = Now
2) Running Statements if a Condition is True (multiple statements)
To run more than one line of code, we must use the multiple-line (or block)
syntax. This syntax includes the End If statement.
Dim x
x= 20
If x>10 Then
msgbox "x value is: "&x

msgbox "Bye Bye" End
If
3) Running Certain Statements if a Condition is True and Running Others

if a Condition is False
We can use an If...Then...Else statement to define two blocks of executable

statements: one block to run if the condition is True, the other block to run if
the condition is False.
Example:
Dim x
x= Inputbox (" Enter a

value") If x>100 Then

Msgbox "X is a Big Number"
Else
Msgbox "GCR"

End If
4) Deciding Between Several Alternatives
A variation on the Then.. Else statement allows us to choose from

If... . several
alternatives. Adding ElseIf clauses expands the functionality of the
If.. Then.. Else statement so we can control program flow based on different
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. .
possibilities.
Example:
Dim x
x= Inputbox (" Enter a value")
If x>0 and x<=100 Then
Msgbox "X value is "&x
Msgbox "Hello GCR"
Msgbox "X is a Medium Number"
Msgbox "Hello Chandra Mohan Reddy"
Msgbox "X is a Large Number"
Else
Msgbox "Hello Sir"
Msgbox "X is a Grand Number"
End If
End If
End If
5) Executing a certain block of statements when two / more conditions are

True (Nested If...)
Example:
Dim State, Region
State=Inputbox ("Enter a State")
Region=Inputbox ("Enter a Region")
If state= "AP" Then
If Region= "Telangana" Then

Else if Region= "Rayalasema"

Then msgbox "Hello GCR"
Else If Region= "Costal" Then

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msgbox "Hello Chandra mohan Reddy"
End If
End If
End If
End If
Making Decisions with Select Case
The Select Case structure provides an alternative to If...Then...ElseIf for

selectively executing one block of statements from among multiple blocks of
statements. A Select Case statement provides capability similar to the
If...Then...Else statement, but it makes code more efficient and readable.
Example:
Option explicit
Dim x,y, Operation, Result

x= Inputbox (" Enter x value")
y= Inputbox ("Enter y value")
Operation= Inputbox ("Enter an Operation")

Select Case Operation
Case "add"
Result= cdbl (x)+cdbl (y)
Msgbox "Addition of x,y values is "&Result
Case "sub"
Result= x-y
Msgbox "Substraction of x,y values is "&Result
Case "mul"
Result= x*y
Msgbox "Multiplication of x,y values is "&Result
Case "div"
Result= x/y

Msgbox "Division of x,y values is "&Result
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Case "mod"
Result= x mod y
Msgbox "Mod of x,y values is "&Result
Case "expo"
Result= x^y

Msgbox"Exponentation of x,y values is "&Result
Case Else
msgbox "Wrong Operation"
End Select
Looping Through Code
Flow Control (Loop Statements)
o Looping allows us to run a group of statements repeatedly.

o Some loops repeat statements until a condition is False;
o Others repeat statements until a condition is True.
o There are also loops that repeat statements a specific number of

times. The following looping statements are available in VBScript:
o Do...Loop: Loops while or until a condition is True. o

While...Wend: Loops while a condition is True.
o For...Next: Uses a counter to run statements a specified number of times.
o For Each...Next: Repeats a group of statements for each item in a collection or

each element of an array.
1) Using Do Loops
We can use Do...Loop statements to run a block of statements an

indefinite number of times.
The statements are repeated either while a condition is True or until a

condition becomes True.
a) Repeating Statements While a Condition is True

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Repeats a block of statements while a condition is True or until a
condition becomes True
i) Do While condition
Statements
-----------
-----------
Loop
Or, we can use this below syntax:
Example:
Dim x
Do While x<5 x=x+1
Msgbox "Hello QTP"
Loop
ii) Do
Statements
-----------
-----------
Loop While condition
Example:
Dim x
x=1
Do

Msgbox "Hello QTP"
x=x+1
Loop While x<5
b) Repeating a Statement Until a Condition Becomes True
iii) Do Until condition

Statements
-----------
-----------
Loop
Or, we can use this below
syntax: Example:
Dim x
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Do Until x=5 x=x+1
Msgbox "G.C.Reddy"
Msgbox "Hello QTP"
Loop
iv) Do
Statements
-----------
-----------
Loop Until condition
Example:
Dim x
x=1
Do
Msgbox “Hello G.C.Reddy”
Msgbox "Hello QTP"

x=x+1
Loop Until x=5
2 While...Wend Statement
Executes a series of statements as long as a given condition is True.
Syntax:
While condition
Statements
-----------
-----------
Wend
Example:
Dim x
x=0
While x<5 x=x+1

msgbox "Hello QTP" Wend
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3) For...Next Statement
Repeats a group of statements a specified number of times.
Syntax:
For counter = start to end [Step step]

statements
Next
Example:
Dim x
For x= 1 to 5 step 1
Next
4) For Each...Next Statement
Repeats a group of statements for each element in an array or collection.
Syntax:
For Each item In array
Statements
Next
Example: (1
Dim a,b,x (3)

a=20
b=30
x(0)= "Addition is "& a+b

x(1)="Substraction is " & a-b
x(2)= "Multiplication is " & a*b
x(3)= "Division is " & a/b
For Each element In

x msgbox element
Next
Example: (2
MyArray = Array("one","two","three","four","five")
For Each element In

MyArray msgbox element
Next
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VB Script Procedures
User Defined Functions
In VBScript, there are two kinds of procedures available; the Sub procedure
and the Function procedure.
1) Sub Procedures
A Sub procedure is a series of VBScript statements (enclosed by Sub and End

Sub statements) that perform actions but don't return a value.
A Sub procedure can take arguments (constants, variables, or expressions

that are passed by a calling procedure).
If a Sub procedure has no arguments, its Sub statement must include an empty
set of parentheses ().
Syntax:
Sub Procedure name ()
Statements
-----------
-----------
End
Sub Or
Sub Procedure name (argument1,
argument2) Statements
-----------
-----------
End Sub
Example: 1
Sub ConvertTemp()
temp = InputBox("Please enter the temperature in degrees F.", 1)
MsgBox "The temperature is " & Celsius(temp) & " degrees

C." End Sub
Example: 2
2) Function Procedures
A Function procedure is a series of VBScript statements enclosed by the

Function and End Function statements.
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A Function procedure is similar to a Sub procedure, but can also return a value.
A Function procedure can take arguments (constants, variables, or expressions

that are passed to it by a calling procedure).
If a Function procedure has no arguments, its Function statement must include

an empty set of parentheses.
A Function returns a value by assigning a value to its name in one or more

statements of the procedure. The return type of a Function is always a Variant.
Syntax:
Function Procedure name ()

Statements
-----------
-----------
End Function
Or
Function Procedure name (argument1, argument2)
Statements
-----------
-----------
End Function
Example: 1
Function Celsius(fDegrees)
Celsius = (fDegrees - 32) * 5 / 9
End Function
Example: 2
Function cal(a,b,c)
cal = (a+b+c)
End Function
3) Getting Data into and out of Procedures
o Each piece of data is passed into our procedures using an argument.

o Arguments serve as placeholders for the data we want to pass into our
procedure. We can name our arguments any valid variable name.
o When we create a procedure using either the Sub statement or the Function
statement, parentheses must be included after the name of the procedure.
o Any arguments are placed inside these parentheses, separated by commas.
4) Using Sub and Function Procedures in Code

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A Function in our code must always be used on the right side of a variable
assignment or in an expression.
For example:
Temp = Celsius(fDegrees)
-Or-
MsgBox "The Celsius temperature is " & Celsius(fDegrees) & " degrees."
To call a Sub procedure from another procedure, type the name of the procedure
along with values for any required arguments, each separated by a comma.
The Call statement is not required, but if you do use it, you must enclose any
arguments in parentheses.
The following example shows two calls to the MyProc procedure. One uses the
Call statement in the code; the other doesn't. Both do exactly the same thing.
Call MyProc(firstarg, secondarg)
MyProc firstarg, secondarg
Notice that the parentheses are omitted in the call when the Call statement isn't
used.
5) Examples:
(here, I used Flight Reservation Application for creating Functions, why because, It
is the default application for QTP, anybody can practice easily...G C Reddy)
'*******************************************
' Login Operation
'*******************************************
Function Login(Agent,Pwd)
SystemUtil.Run "C:\Program Files\HP\QuickTest
Professional\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe"
Dialog("Login").Activate
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set Agent
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").Set Pwd
Dialog("Login").WinButton("OK").Click
If Window("Flight Reservation").Exist(10) Then
Login="Login Operation Sucessful"
'Msgbox
Login else
Login="Login Operation Unsucessful"
Dialog("Login").Dialog("Flight Reservations").WinButton("OK").Click
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Dialog("Login").WinButton("Cancel").Click
'Msgbox Login
End If
End Function
'***************************************
' Closing Application
'***************************************
Function Close_App()
if Window("Flight Reservation").Exist(3) Then
Window("Flight Reservation").Close
End If
End Function
'***************************************
' Open Order

'***************************************
Function Open_Order(ord)
ordnum=0
On Error Resume Next

Window("Flight Reservation").Activate
Window("Flight Reservation").WinButton("Button").Click
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinCheckBox("Order

No.").Set "ON"
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinEdit("Edit").Set ord
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinButton("OK").Click

ordnum=Window("Flight Reservation").WinEdit("Order No:").GetROProperty
("text")
ordnum=cdbl (ordnum)
If ord=ordnum Then
Open_Order= "Order Number "&ordnum&" Opened Sucuessfully"
'Msgbox Open_Order
else
Open_Order= "Order Number "&ordnum&" Not Opened/ Not Available"

Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").Dialog("Flight
Reservations").WinButton("OK").Click
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinButton("Cancel").Click
'Msgbox Open_Order
End If
End Function
'******************************************
' Update Order
'******************************************
Function Update_Order(Tickets)
Window("Flight Reservation").Activate
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Window("Flight Reservation").WinEdit("Tickets:").Set Tickets

Window("Flight Reservation").WinButton("Update
Order").Click wait(10)
update=Window("Flight Reservation").ActiveX("Threed Panel
Control").GetROProperty ("text")
If update="Update Done..." Then
Update_Order= "Order Updated

Sucussfully" 'Msgbox Update_Order
Else
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Flight
Reservations").WinButton("OK").Click
Update_Order= "Order Not Updated"
'Msgbox Update_Order
End If
End Function
'******************************************
' Function to send a mail
'******************************************
Function SendMail(SendTo, Subject, Body, Attachment)

Set otl=CreateObject("Outlook.Application")
Set m=otl.CreateItem(0)
m.to=SendTo
m.Subject=Subject
m.Body=Body
If (Attachment <> "") Then
Mail.Attachments.Add(Attachment)
End If
m.Send
otl.Quit
Set m = Nothing
Set otl = Nothing
End Function
Call SendMail("gcreddy@gcreddy.com","hi","This is test mail for testing","")

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VB Script Errors
Generally Errors in VB Script are 2 Types
1) VB Script Run-time Errors
VB Script run-time errors are errors that result when your VBScript script
attempts to perform an action that the system cannot execute. VBScript run-
time errors occur while your script is being executed; when variable expressions
are being evaluated, and memory is being dynamic allocated.
Error Number Description:
429 ActiveX component can't create object
507 An exception occurred
449 Argument not optional
17 Can't perform requested operation
430 Class doesn't support Automation
506 Class not defined
11 Division by zero
48 Error in loading DLL
5020 Expected ')' in regular expression
5019 Expected ']' in regular expression

432 File name or class name not found during Automation operation
92 For loop not initialized
5008 Illegal assignment
51 Internal error
505 Invalid or unqualified reference
481 Invalid picture
5 Invalid procedure call or argument
5021 Invalid range in character set
94 Invalid use of Null
448Named argument not found
447Object doesn't support current locale setting
445Object doesn't support this action
438Object doesn't support this property or method
451Object not a collection
504Object not safe for creating
503Object not safe for initializing
502Object not safe for scripting
424Object required
91 Object variable not set
7 Out of Memory
28 Out of stack space

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14 Out of string space
6 Overflow
35 Sub or function not defined
9 Subscript out of range
5017 Syntax error in regular expression
462 The remote server machine does not exist or is unavailable

10 This array is fixed or temporarily locked
13 Type mismatch
5018 Unexpected quantifier
500 Variable is undefined

458 Variable uses an Automation type not supported in VBScript
450 Wrong number of arguments or invalid property assignment
2) VB Script Syntax Errors
VBScript syntax errors are errors that result when the structure of one of your
VBScript statements violates one or more of the grammatical rules of the
VBScript scripting language. VBScript syntax errors occur during the program
compilation stage, before the program has begun to be executed.
Error Number Description:
1052 Cannot have multiple default property/method in a Class
1044 Cannot use parentheses when calling a Sub
1053 Class initialize or terminate do not have arguments

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1058 'Default' specification can only be on Property Get
1057 'Default' specification must also specify 'Public'
1005 Expected '('
1006 Expected ')'
1011 Expected '='
1021 Expected 'Case'
1047 Expected 'Class'

1025 Expected end of statement
1014 Expected 'End'
1023 Expected expression
1015 Expected 'Function'
1010 Expected identifier
1012 Expected 'If'
1046 Expected 'In'
1026 Expected integer constant

1049 Expected Let or Set or Get in property declaration
1045 Expected literal constant
1019 Expected 'Loop'
1020 Expected 'Next'

1050 Expected 'Property'
1022 Expected 'Select'
1024 Expected statement
1016 Expected 'Sub'

1017 Expected 'Then'
1013 Expected 'To'
1018 Expected 'Wend'
1027 Expected 'While' or 'Until'

1028 Expected 'While,' 'Until,' or end of statement
1029 Expected 'With'
1030 Identifier too long
1014 Invalid character

1039 Invalid 'exit' statement
1040 Invalid 'for' loop control variable
1013 Invalid number
1037 Invalid use of 'Me' keyword
1038 'loop' without 'do'
1048 Must be defined inside a Class

1042 Must be first statement on the line
1041 Name redefined
1051 Number of arguments must be consistent across properties specification
1001 Out of Memory
1054 Property Set or Let must have at least one argument

1002 Syntax error
1055 Unexpected 'Next'
1015 Unterminated string constant

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VB Script Functions
Built-In Functions of VB Script
o Conversions (25)
o Dates/Times (19)
o Formatting Strings (4)
o Input/Output (3)
o Math (9)
o Miscellaneous (3)
o Rounding (5)
o Strings (30)
o Variants (8)
Important Functions
1) Abs Function
Returns the absolute value of a number.
Dim num
num=abs(-50.33)
msgbox num
2) Array Function
Returns a variant containing an Array
Dim A
A=Array("hyderabad","chennai","mumbai")
msgbox A(0)
ReDim A(5)
A(4)="nellore"
msgbox A(4)
3) Asc Function
Returns the ANSI character code corresponding to the first letter in a string.
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Dim num
num=Asc("A")
msgbox num
* It returns the value 65 *
4) Chr Function
Returns the character associated with the specified ANSI character code.
Dim char
Char=Chr(65)
msgbox char
* It returns A *
5) CInt Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Integer.
Dim num
num=123.45
myInt=CInt(num)
msgbox MyInt
6) Date Function
Returns the Current System Date.
Dim mydate
mydate=Date
msgbox mydate
7) Day Function
Ex1) Dim myday

myday=Day("17,December,2009")
msgbox myday
Ex2) Dim myday

mydate=date
myday=Day(Mydate)
msgbox myday
8) DateDiff Function
Returns the number of intervals between two dates.
Dim myday mydate=#02-17-

2009#
x=Datediff("d",mydate,Now)
msgbox x
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9) Hour Function
Returns a whole number between 0 and 23, inclusive, representing the hour
of the day.
Dim mytime, Myhour

mytime=Now
myhour=hour (mytime)
msgbox myhour
10) Join Function
Returns a string created by joining a number of substrings contained in an array.
Dim mystring, myarray(3)

myarray(0)="Chandra "
myarray(1)="Mohan "
myarray(2)="Reddy"
mystring=Join(MyArray)
msgbox mystring
11) Eval Function
Evaluates an expression and returns the result.
12) Time Function
Returns a Variant of subtype Date indicating the current system time.

Dim mytime
mytime=Time
msgbox mytime
13) VarType Function
Returns a value indicating the subtype of a variable.
Dim MyCheck
MyCheck = VarType(300) ' Returns 2.
Msgbox Mycheck
MyCheck = VarType(#10/19/62#) ' Returns 7.
Msgbox Mycheck
MyCheck = VarType("VBScript") ' Returns 8.
Msgbox Mycheck
14) Left Function
Dim MyString, LeftString

MyString = "VBSCript"
LeftString = Left(MyString, 3) ' LeftString contains "VBS".

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14)Right Function
Dim AnyString, MyStr
AnyString = "Hello World" ' Define string.

MyStr = Right(AnyString, 1) ' Returns "d".
MyStr = Right(AnyString, 6) ' Returns " World". MyStr =

Right(AnyString, 20) ' Returns "Hello World".
15)Len Function
Returns the number of characters in a string or the number of bytes required

to store a variable.
Ex 1):
Dim Mystring
mystring=Len("G.C.Reddy")
msgbox mystring
Ex 2):
Dim Mystring
Mystring=Inputbox("Enter a Value")
Mystring=Len(Mystring)
Msgbox Mystring
16) Mid Function

Returns a specified number of characters from a string.
Dim MyVar
MyVar = Mid("VB Script is fun!", 4, 6)
Msgbox MyVar
* It Returns ‘Script’ *
17) Timer Function
Returns the number of seconds that have elapsed since 12:00 AM (midnight).
Function myTime(N) Dim

StartTime, EndTime
StartTime = Timer
For I = 1 To N
Next
EndTime = Timer
myTime= EndTime - StartTime

msgbox myTime
End Function
Call myTime(2000)
17) isNumeric Function
Dim MyVar, MyCheck

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MyVar = 53
MyCheck = IsNumeric(MyVar)
msgbox MyCheck
MyVar = "459.95"
msgbox MyCheck
MyVar = "45 Help"
msgbox MyCheck
* It Returns True/False like Result *
18) Inputbox Function
Displays a prompt in a dialog box, waits for the user to input text or click a button,
and returns the contents of the text box.
Dim Input
Input = InputBox("Enter your name")
MsgBox ("You entered: " & Input)
19) Msgbox Function
Displays a message in a dialog box, waits for the user to click a button,
and returns a value indicating which button the user clicked.
Dim MyVar
MyVar = MsgBox ("Hello World!", 65, "MsgBox Example")
20) CreateObject
creates and returns reference of the filesytemobject to an Automation object.

It can be used for performing operations on computer file system
Set objFso=createobject ("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
'creates and returns reference of the Excel bject to an Automation object. It can
be used for performing operations on Spreed sheet (Ms-Excel files)
Set objExcel = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
'creates and returns reference of the Word Object to an Automation object. It can
be used for performing operations on Ms-Word documents
Set objWord = CreateObject("Word.Application")
'creates and returns reference of the Database Connection to an Automation

object. It can be used for Connecting, opening and Closing databases
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Set objConnection = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
'creates and returns reference of the Database Recordset to an Automation

object. It can be used for performing operations on database tables(Records)
Set objRecordSet = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
'creates and returns reference of the Ms-Power point object to an Automation

object. It can be used for performing operations on Power point presentations
Set objPPT = CreateObject("PowerPoint.Application")
Set xmldoc = WScript.CreateObject("msxml2.domdocument")
21) Round
Returns a number rounded to a specified number of decimal places.
Dim num
num=172.499
num=Round(num)
msgbox num
22) StrReverse
It returns reverse value of the given sring
x=strreverse ("dabaraedyh")
msgbox x
23) strComp
It compares two strings based on ASCII Values and Returens -1 (1st less than
2nd ), 0 (Equal) and 1 (1st greater than 2nd)
Dim x, y
x="cd": y="bcd"
comp=strcomp(x,y)
msgbox comp
24) Replace
It replace a sub string with given value (another sub string)

mystring=Replace("kb script", "k","v")
msgbox mystring
For More Functions visit:
Conversion Functions
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) Asc Function
Returns the ANSI character code corresponding to the first letter in a

string. Syntax:
Asc(string)
Remarks
The string argument is any valid string expression. If the string contains no
characters, a run-time error occurs.
Dim MyNumber
MyNumber = Asc("A") ' Returns 65.
MyNumber = Asc("a") ' Returns 97.
MyNumber = ' Returns
Asc("Apple") 65.
2) CByte Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Byte.
Syntax:
CByte(expression)
The expression argument is any valid expression.
Use the CByte function to provide conversions from any data type to a Byte
subtype.
Example:
Dim MyDouble, MyByte
MyDouble = 125.5678 ' MyDouble is a Double.
MyByte = CByte(MyDouble) ' MyByte contains 126.
3) CDate Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Date.

Syntax:
CDate(date)
The date argument is any valid date expression.
Use the IsDate function to determine if date can be converted to a date or

time. Example:
MyDate = "October 19, 1962" ' Define date.
MyShortDate = CDate(MyDate) ' Convert to Date data type.

MyTime = "4:35:47 PM" ' Define time.
' Convert to Date data

MyShortTime = CDate(MyTime) type.
4) Chr Function
Returns the character associated with the specified ANSI character code.
Syntax:
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Chr(charcode)
The charcode argument is a number that identifies a character.
Numbers from 0 to 31 are the same as standard, nonprintable ASCII codes. For
example, Chr(10) returns a linefeed character.
Example:
Dim MyChar
' Returns A:
MyChar =
Chr(65)
' Returns B:
MyChar =
Chr(66)
' Returns Z:
MyChar =
Chr(90)
' Returns a:
MyChar =
Chr(97)
' Returns b:
MyChar = Chr(98)
' Returns z:
MyChar =
Chr(122)
' Returns 0:
MyChar =
Chr(48)
' Returns 1:
MyChar = Chr(49)
' Returns 9:
MyChar = Chr(57)
' Returns
horizontal tab:
MyChar = Chr(9)
' Returns >:
MyChar = Chr(62)
' Returns %:
MyChar = Chr(37)
5) CLng Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Long.

Syntax:
CLng(expression)
Use the CLng function to provide conversions from any data type to a
Long subtype.
Example:
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Dim MyVal1, MyVal2, MyLong1, MyLong2
MyVal1 = 25427.45: MyVal2 = 25427.55 ' MyVal1, MyVal2 are Doubles.
MyLong1 = CLng(MyVal1) ' MyLong1 contains 25427.
MyLong2 = CLng(MyVal2) ' MyLong2 contains 25428.
6) CStr Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype String.
Syntax:
CStr(expression)
Example:
Dim MyDouble, MyString

MyString = CStr(MyDouble) ' MyString contains "437.324"
7) Oct Function
Returns a string representing the octal value of a number.
Syntax:
Oct(number)
The number argument is any valid expression.
Example:
Dim MyOct
MyOct = Oct(4) ' Returns 4.
8) CBool Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype

Boolean. Synta:
CBool(expression)
If expression is zero, False is returned; otherwise, True is returned. If expression

can't be interpreted as a numeric value, a run-time error occurs.
Example:
Dim A, B,
Check
A = 5: B = 5 ' Initialize variables.
Check = CBool(A = ' Check contains
B) True.
A=0 ' Define variable.

Check = CBool(A) ' Check contains False.
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9) CCur Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Currency.
Syntax:
CCur(expression)

Example:
Dim MyDouble, MyCurr
MyCurr = CCur(MyDouble * 2) ' Convert result of MyDouble * 2 (1086.429176)

to a Currency (1086.4292).
10) CInt Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Integer.

Syntax:
CInt(expression)

Example:
Dim MyDouble, MyInt

MyInt = CInt(MyDouble) ' MyInt contains 2346.
11) CSng Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Single.
Syntax:
CSng(expression)
Example:
Dim MyDouble1, MyDouble2, MySingle1, MySingle2 ' MyDouble1, MyDouble2
are Doubles.
MyDouble1 = 75.3421115: MyDouble2 = 75.3421555
MySingle1 = CSng(MyDouble1) ' MySingle1 contains 75.34211.
MySingle2 = CSng(MyDouble2) ' MySingle2 contains 75.34216.
12) Hex Function
Returns a string representing the hexadecimal value of a number.
Syntax:
Hex(number)
number argument is any valid expression.
we can represent hexadecimal numbers directly by preceding numbers in the

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proper range with &H.

Example:
Dim MyHex
MyHex = Hex(5) ' Returns 5.

MyHex = Hex(10) ' Returns A.
MyHex =
Hex(459) ' Returns 1CB.
Regular Expressions in QTP
What is Regular Expression?
It is a way of representing data using symbols. They are often used

within matching, searching or replacing algorithms.
Regular Expressions in QTP:
Regular expressions can be used in QTP for identifying objects and text strings
with varying values.
Where we use:
o Defining the property values of an object in Descriptive programming

for handling dynamic objects
o For parameterizing a step
o creating checkpoints with varying values
Using Regular Expressions in QTP:
We can define a regular expression for a constant value, a Data Table

parameter value, an Environment parameter value, or a property value in
Descriptive programming.
We can define a regular expression in standard checkpoint to verify the property

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values of an object; we can set the expected value of an object's property as a
regular expression so that an object with a varying value can be verified.
We can define the text string as a regular expression, when creating a text
checkpoint to check that a varying text string is displayed on our application,
For XML checkpoints we can set attribute or element values as regular
expressions.
Ways of Regular Expressions:
a) Backslash Character:
A backslash (\) can serve two purposes. It can be used in conjunction with
a special character to indicate that the next character be treated as a literal
character.
Alternatively, if the backslash (\) is used in conjunction with some characters that
would otherwise be treated as literal characters, such as the letters n, t, w, or d,
the combination indicates a special character.
b) Matching Any Single Character:

A period (.) instructs QTP to search for any single character (except for \n).
Ex:
welcome.
Matches welcomes, welcomed, or welcome followed by a space or any other

single character.
c) Matching Any Single Character in a List:
Square brackets instruct QTP to search for any single character within a list of
characters.
Ex:
To search for the date 1867, 1868, or 1869, enter:
186[789]
d) Matching Any Single Character Not in a List:
When a caret (^) is the first character inside square brackets, it instructs QTP to
match any character in the list except for the ones specified in the string.
Example:
[^ab]
Matches any character except a or b.
e) Matching Any Single Character within a Range:
To match a single character within a range, we can use square brackets ([ ])

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with the hyphen (-) character.
Example:
For matching any year in the 2010s, enter:
201[0-9]
f) Matching Zero or More Specific Characters:
An asterisk (*) instructs QTP to match zero or more occurrences of

the preceding character.
For example:
ca*r
Matches car, caaaaaar, and cr
g) Matching One or More Specific Characters:
A plus sign (+) instructs QTP to match one or more occurrences of the preceding
character.
For example:
ca+r
Matches car and caaaaaar, but not cr.
h) Matching Zero or One Specific Character:
A question mark (?) instructs QTP to match zero or one occurrences of

the preceding character.
For example:
ca?r
Matches car and cr, but nothing else.
i) Grouping Regular Expressions:
Parentheses (()) instruct QTP to treat the contained sequence as a unit, just as
in mathematics and programming languages. Using groups is especially useful
for delimiting the argument(s) to an alternation operator ( | ) or a repetition
operator ( * , + , ? , { } ).
j) Matching One of Several Regular Expressions:
A vertical line (|) instructs QTP to match one of a choice of expressions.
k) Matching the Beginning of a Line:
A caret (^) instructs QTP to match the expression only at the start of a line,
or after a newline character.
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l) Matching the End of a Line:
A dollar sign ($) instructs QTP to match the expression only at the end of a
line, or before a newline character.
m) Matching Any AlphaNumeric Character Including the Underscore:
\w instructs QTP to match any alphanumeric character and the underscore (A-Z,
a-z, 0-9, _).
n) Matching Any Non-AlphaNumeric Character:
\W instructs QTP to match any character other than alphanumeric

characters and underscores.
o) Combining Regular Expression Operators:
We can combine regular expression operators in a single expression to

achieve the exact search criteria we need.
For example,
start.*
Matches start, started, starting, starter, and so forth.
we can use a combination of brackets and an asterisk to limit the search to

a combination of non-numeric characters.
For example:
[a-zA-Z]*
To match any number between 0 and 1200, we need to match numbers with 1
digit, 2 digits, 3 digits, or 4 digits between 1000-1200.
The regular expression below matches any number between 0 and
1200. ([0-9]?[0-9]?[0-9]|1[01][0-9][0-9]|1200)
RegExp object
VB Script is providing RegExp object for defining Regular expressions,

It provides simple support for defining regular expressions.
Regular Expression Object Properties and Methods:
Properties:
a) Global Property
b) IgnoreCase Property
c) Pattern Property
Methods:
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a) Execute Method
b) Replace Method
c) Test Method
Regular Expressions Examples:
1) Match File Names in a Directory against Regular Expression
Set objFS = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
strCurrentDirectory = objShell.CurrentDirectory
Set objFolder = objFS.GetFolder(strCurrentDirectory)
Set colFiles = objFolder.Files
Set objRE = New RegExp

objRE.Global = True
objRE.IgnoreCase = False
objRE.Pattern = WScript.Arguments(0)
For Each objFile In colFiles
bMatch = objRE.Test(objFile.Name)
If bMatch Then WScript.Echo

objFile.Name
End
If Next
2) Match Content in a File against a Regular Expression

strFileName = "E:\gcreddy.txt"
Set objFS = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objTS = objFS.OpenTextFile(strFileName)

strFileContents = objTS.ReadAll
WScript.Echo "Searching Within: "

WScript.Echo strFileContents
objTS.Close
Set objRE = New RegExp

objRE.Global = True
objRE.IgnoreCase = False
objRE.Pattern = WScript.Arguments(0)
Set colMatches = objRE.Execute(strFileContents)
WScript.Echo vbNewLine & "Resulting Matches:"

For Each objMatch In colMatches
WScript.Echo "At position " & objMatch.FirstIndex & " matched "
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& objMatch.Value
Next
VB Script Objects
a) FileSystemObject
Scripting allows us to process drives, folders, and files using

the FileSystemObject (FSO) object model.
Creating FileSystemObject:
Set Variable=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Example:
Dim objFso
Set objFso=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
objFso.CteateTextFile("D:\gcreddy.txt")
b) Dictionary
Creating Dictionary Object:
Set Variable=CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Example:
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c) Excel Application
Creating Excel Object:
Set Variable=CreateObject("Excel.Application")
Example:
d) Word Application
Creating Word Object:
Set Variable=CreateObject("Word.Application")
Example:
e) Shell
Creating Shell Object:
Set Variable= WScript.CreateObject("Wscript.Shell")
Example:
f) Network
Creating Network Object:
Set Variable= WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Network")
Example:
g) PowerPoint
Creating PowerPointObject:
Set Variable=CreateObject("PowerPoint.Application")
Example:
h) ADODB Connection
The ADO Connection Object is used to create an open connection to a data

source. Through this connection, you can access and manipulate a database.
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Creating Database Connection Object:
Set Variable=CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
Example:
i) ADODB RecordSet
The ADO Recordset object is used to hold a set of records from a

database table. A Recordset object consist of records and columns (fields).
Creating Database RecordSet Object:
Set Variable=CreateObject("ADODB.RecordSet")
Example:
j) ADODB Command
The ADO Command object is used to execute a single query against a

database. The query can perform actions like creating, adding, retrieving,
deleting or updating records.
Creating Database Command Object:
Set Variable=CreateObject("ADODB.Command")
Example:
k) Error
Creating Error Object:
l) RegExp
Creating RegExp Object:
Set objReg=CreateObject("vbscript.regexp")
m) Internet Explorer
n) Outlook Express
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a) Dictionary Object
Dictionary Object that stores data key, item pairs.
A Dictionary object is the equivalent of a PERL associative array/Hash Variable.
Items can be any form of data, and are stored in the array. Each item is
associated with a unique key. The key is used to retrieve an individual item
and is usually an integer or a string, but can be anything except an array.
Creating a Dictionary Object:
Set objDictionary = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Dictionary Objects Methods:
Add Method
Adds a key and item pair to a Dictionary object

Exists Method
Returns true if a specified key exists in the Dictionary object, false if it does not.
Items Method
Returns an array containing all the items in a Dictionary object.
Keys Method
Returns an array containing all existing keys in a Dictionary object.
Remove Method
Removes a key, item pair from a Dictionary object.
RemoveAll Method
The RemoveAll method removes all key, item pairs from a Dictionary object.
Example:
Dim cities
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Set cities = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
cities.Add "h", "Hyderabad"
cities.Add "b", "Bangalore"

cities.Add "c", "Chennai"
Dictionary Objects Properties:
Count Property
Returns the number of items in a collection or Dictionary object. Read-only.
CompareMode Property
Sets and returns the comparison mode for comparing string keys in a
Dictionary object.
Key Property
Sets a key in a Dictionary object.
Item Property
Sets or returns an item for a specified key in a Dictionary object. For

collections, returns an item based on the specified key. Read/write.
Examples:
a to Elements 1) AddDictionary
objDictionary.Add "Printer 1", "Printing"

objDictionary.Add "Printer 2", "Offline"
a 2) Delete All Elements fromDictionary

colKeys = objDictionary.Keys
Wscript.Echo "First run: "
For Each strKey in colKeys

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Wscript.Echo strKey
Next
objDictionary.RemoveAll
Wscript.Echo VbCrLf & "Second run: "
Wscript.Echo strKey
Next
3) Delete One Element from a Dictionary

Wscript.Echo "First run: "
Wscript.Echo strKey
Next
objDictionary.Remove("Printer
2") colKeys = objDictionary.Keys
Wscript.Echo VbCrLf & "Second run: "
Wscript.Echo strKey
Next
4) List the Number of Items in a Dictionary

Wscript.Echo objDictionary.Count
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5) Verify the Existence of a Dictionary Key

If objDictionary.Exists("Printer 4") Then
Wscript.Echo "Printer 4 is in the Dictionary."
Else
Wscript.Echo "Printer 4 is not in the Dictionary."
End If
VBScript Coding Conventions
Coding conventions are suggestions are designed to help us write code using
VB Script.
Coding conventions can include the following:
• Naming conventions for objects, variables, and procedures
• Commenting conventions
• Text formatting and indenting guidelines
The main reason for using a consistent set of coding conventions is to

standardize the structure and coding style of a script or set of scripts so that
we and others can easily read and understand the code.
Using good coding conventions results in clear, precise, and readable source
code that is consistent with other language conventions and is intuitive.
Variable Naming Conventions
To enhance readability and consistency, we have to use the following prefixes

with descriptive names for variables in our VBScript code.
Subtype Prefix Example

----------------------------------------------
Boolean bln blnFound
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-----------------------------------------------
bytRasterDat
Byte byt a
-----------------------------------------------------
Date
(Time) dtm dtmStart
----------------------------------------------------
Double dbl dblTolerance
-----------------------------------------------------
Error err errOrderNum
-----------------------------------------------------
Integer int IntQuantity
-----------------------------------------------------
Long lng lngDistance
-----------------------------------------------------
Object obj objCurrent

-----------------------------------------------------
Single sng sngAverage

-----------------------------------------------------
String str strFirstName

-----------------------------------------------------
Object Naming Conventions:

The following table lists recommended conventions for objects you may
encounter while programming VBScript.
Object type Prefix Example

---------------------------------------------------
3D Panel pnl pnlGroup
---------------------------------------------------
Animated
button ani aniMailBox
---------------------------------------------------
chkReadOnl
Check box chk y
---------------------------------------------------
Combo box cbo cboEnglish
---------------------------------------------------
Command
button cmd cmdExit
---------------------------------------------------
Common dialog dlg dlgFileOpen
---------------------------------------------------
Frame fra fraLanguage
---------------------------------------------------
Image img imgIcon

---------------------------------------------------
lblHelpMessag
Label lbl e
---------------------------------------------------
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Line lin linVertical

---------------------------------------------------
List Box lst lstPolicyCodes

---------------------------------------------------
Spin spn spnPages

---------------------------------------------------
Text box txt txtLastName

---------------------------------------------------
Slider sld sldScale

---------------------------------------------------
Code Commenting Conventions
All procedures should begin with a brief comment describing what they do. This
description should not describe the implementation details (how it does it)
because these often change over time, resulting in unnecessary comment
maintenance work, or worse, erroneous comments. The code itself and any
necessary inline comments describe the implementation.
Arguments passed to a procedure should be described when their purpose is not

obvious and when the procedure expects the arguments to be in a specific
range. Return values for functions and variables that are changed by a
procedure, especially through reference arguments, should also be described
at the beginning of each procedure.
Procedure header comments should include the following section headings. For
examples, see the "Formatting Your Code" section that follows.
Section Heading Comment Contents
Purpose: What the procedure does (not how).
Assumptions: List of any external variable, control, or otherelement

whose state affects this procedure.
Effects: List of the procedure's effect on each external variable, control, or

other element.
Inputs: Explanation of each argument that is not obvious. Each argument

should be on a separate line with inline comments.
Return Values: Explanation of the value returned.
Remember the following points:
•Every important variable declaration should include an inline

comment describing the use of the variable being declared.
•Variables, controls, and procedures should be named clearly to ensure

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that inline comments are only needed for complex implementation details.
•At the beginning of your script, you should include an overview that describes
the script, enumerating objects, procedures, algorithms, dialog boxes, and
other system dependencies. Sometimes a piece of pseudocode describing the
algorithm can be helpful.
Formatting the Code
Screen space should be conserved as much as possible, while still allowing code
formatting to reflect logic structure and nesting. Here are a few suggestions:
• Indent standard nested blocks four spaces.
• Indent the overview comments of a procedure one space.
• Indent the highest level statements that follow the overview comments
four spaces, with each nested block indented an additional four
spaces.
The following code adheres to VBScript coding conventions.

'*********************************************************
' Purpose: Locates the first occurrence of a specified user
' in the UserList array.
' Inputs: strUserList(): the list of users to be searched.
' strTargetUser: the name of the user to search for.
' Returns: The index of the first occurrence of the strTargetUser
' in the strUserList array.
' If the target user is not found, return -1.

'***************************************************
****** Function intFindUser (strUserList(),
strTargetUser)
Dim i ' Loop counter.
Dim blnFound ' Target found flag

intFindUser = -1
i = 0 ' Initialize loop counter
Do While i <= Ubound(strUserList) and Not blnFound

If strUserList(i) = strTargetUser Then
blnFound = True ' Set flag to True intFindUser
= i ' Set return value to loop count
End If
i = i + 1 ' Increment loop counter

Loop
End Function
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VB Script Classes
Creating Classes
Classes aren't a new concept in scripting. JavaScript, JScript, and other

scripting languages have supported classes or similar elements for years.
However, VBScript 5.0 is the first version of VBScript to support classes.
To use classes in your VBScript code, you first need to obtain VBScript 5.0 by
downloading the appropriate self-executable file from the Microsoft Developer
Network (MSDN) Web site (http://msdn.microsoft.com/scripting) or by
installing Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) 5.0. Then you need to understand
what a VBScript class is and learn how to declare, define, initialize, and
instantiate a class.
VBScript Classes
VBScript 5.0 supports two types of objects: COM objects and Class objects
(typically referred to as simply classes). VBScript COM objects have basic

subtypes, such as an Integer or String. VBScript classes have an abstract
subtype that encapsulates data and the functions to work with that data. You
can think of a VBScript class as having a souped-up subtype that provides you
with more computing power and flexibility. (Other differences exist between
these two types of objects. For more information, see the Web-exclusive sidebar
"How VBScript Classes and COM Objects Differ" on the Win32 Scripting Journal
Web site at http://www.winntmag.com/ newsletter/scripting.
You can use classes to describe complex data structures. For example, if your
application tracks customers and orders, you can define two classes for them,
each with a unique set of internal data (typically called properties) and functions
(typically called methods). You can then manage customers and orders as if they
were native VBScript subtypes. More important, because you assign a class its
properties and methods (i.e., its programming interface), you have an object-
oriented tool to improve VBScript applications.
Declaring a Class
You use the Class statement to declare a class. This statement's syntax is:
Class name
' Properties and methods go here.

End Class
where name is the name you give that class. You declare the properties
and methods for your class between the Class and End Class clauses.
For example, suppose you want to create the VBScript class FileList, which
Listing 1 contains. This class manages those files in a folder that meet a filename
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specification that you provide. You create this class by first specifying the
keyword Class followed by the class' name Class FileList. Next, you declare
the class' properties and methods. FileList has two properties (FileSpec and
FolderPath) and one method (Search).
Declaring the FileSpec Property
The FileSpec property holds the filename specification. For example, the
filename specification might be C:\*.*. You want users to be able to freely
read and write values to this property, so you declare FileSpec as an external,
or public, variable with the Public statement
Public FileSpec
You can use a public variable in any script, not just the script in which you
created the variable. However, if you use a public variable, you have no control
over the value that users assign to the variable and no control over the value that
the variable returns. Thus, you can't use public variables to hold values that you
need to validate.
Declaring the FolderPath Property
The FolderPath property holds the full path to the folder containing the files. After
a user sets a folder path, you need to validate that the folder exists, which
means you can't use a public variable. Instead, you need to store the folder path
in an internal, or private, variable and use two public property procedures to read
and write to that variable. (Public property procedures are wrappers that hide the
code that gets and sets the values of private variables.)
Prefixing a private variable with the m_ string is a common scripting convention.

For example, the private variable for the FolderPath property is m_folderPath. To
declare m_folderPath, you use the Private statement
Private m_folderPath
Procedures and variables that have the Private qualifier aren't visible outside the
class. In addition, private variables apply only to the script in which you created
them.
After you declare m_folderPath, you need to declare the two public property
procedures that you'll use to read and write to that variable. The first procedure to
declare is the Property Get procedure, which returns the values of properties.
The second procedure is the Property Let procedure, which assigns values to
properties.
To declare the Property Get procedure, you use the Property Get statement
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Public Property Get FolderPath
FolderPath =
m_folderPath End Property
where FolderPath is the name of that procedure. By including the Public
statement with the Property Get statement, you're making the value that the
FolderPath procedure returns available for public reading. Thus, by assigning

FolderPath to m_folderPath, you make the value of m_folderPath available for
public reading.
VBScript Syntax Rules and Guidelines
1) Case-sensitivity:
By default, VBScript is not case sensitive and does not differentiate between
upper-case and lower-case spelling of words, for example, in variables, object
and method names, or constants.
For example, the two statements below are identical in VBScript:
Browser("Mercury").Page("Find a Flight:").WebList("toDay").Select "31"

browser("mercury").page("find a flight:").weblist("today").select "31"
2) Text strings:
When we enter a value as a text string, we must add quotation marks before and
after the string. For example, in the above segment of script, the names of the
Web site, Web page, and edit box are all text strings surrounded by
quotation marks.
Note that the value 31 is also surrounded by quotation marks, because it is a text
string that represents a number and not a numeric value.
In the following example, only the property name (first argument) is a text
string and is in quotation marks. The second argument (the value of the
property) is a variable and therefore does not have quotation marks. The third
argument (specifying the timeout) is a numeric value, which also does not
need quotation marks.
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Browser("Mercury").Page("Find a Flight:").WaitProperty("items
count", Total_Items, 2000)
3) Variables:
We can specify variables to store strings, integers, arrays and objects.

Using variables helps to make our script more readable and flexible
4) Parentheses:
To achieve the desired result and to avoid errors, it is important that we use
parentheses () correctly in our statements.
5) Indentation:
We can indent or outdent our script to reflect the logical structure and nesting
of the statements.
6) Comments:
We can add comments to our statements using an apostrophe ('), either at the
beginning of a separate line, or at the end of a statement. It is recommended
that we add comments wherever possible, to make our scripts easier to
understand and maintain.
7) Spaces:
We can add extra blank spaces to our script to improve clarity. These spaces
are ignored by VBScript
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VB Script Examples
VB Script General Examples
1) Write a program for finding out whether the given year is a leap year
or not?
Dim xyear
xyear=inputbox ("Enter Year")

If xyear mod 4=0 Then
msgbox "This is a Leap year"
Else
msgbox "This is
NOT" End If
2) Write a program for finding out whether the given number is,
Even number or Odd number?
Dim num
num=inputbox ("Enter a number")
If num mod 2=0 Then
msgbox "This is a Even

Number" Else
msgbox "This is a Odd Number"
End If
3) Read two numbers and display the sum?
Dim num1,num2, sum

num1=inputbox ("Enter num1")
num2=inputbox ("Enter num2")
sum= Cdbl (num1) + Cdbl (num2) 'if we want add two strings conversion require
msgbox ("Sum is " &sum)
4) Read P,T,R values and Calculate the Simple Interest?
Dim p,t, r, si
p=inputbox ("Enter Principle")

t=inputbox ("Enter Time") r=inputbox
("Enter Rate of Interest")
si= (p*t*r)/100 ' p= principle amount, t=time in years, r= rate of

interest msgbox ("Simple Interest is " &si)
5) Read Four digit number, calculate & display the sum of the number
or display Error message if the number is not a four digit number?
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Dim num, sum
num=inputbox ("Enter a Four digit number")
If Len(num) = 4
Then sum=0
sum=sum+num mod
10 num=num/10
num= left (num, 3)

sum=sum+num mod
10 num=num/10
num= left (num, 2)

sum=sum+num mod
10 num=num/10
num= left (num, 1)

sum=sum+num mod 10
msgbox ("Sum is "
&sum) else
msgbox "Number, you entered is not a 4 digit number"
End If
6) Read any Four-digit number and display the number in reverse order?
Dim num,rev
num= inputbox("Enter a
number") If len(num)=4 Then
rev=rev*10 + num mod 10
num=num/10
num= left(num,3)
num=num/10
num= left(num,2)
num=num/10
num= left(num,1)
msgbox "Reverse Order of the number is "&rev
Else
msgbox "Number, you entered is not a 4 digit number"
End If
7) Read 4 subjects marks; calculate the Total marks and grade?
a) If average marks Greater than or equal to 75, grade is Distinction
b) If average marks Greater than or equal to 60 and less than 75 , then

grade is First
c) If average marks Greater than or equal to 50 and less than 60 , then

grade is Second
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d) If average marks Greater than or equal to 40 and less than 50 , then

grade is Third
e) Minimum marks 35 for any subject, otherwise 'no grade fail')
Dim e,m,p,c, tot
e=inputbox ("Enter english Marks")

m=inputbox ("Enter maths Marks")
p=inputbox ("Enter physics Marks")
c=inputbox ("Enter chemistry Marks")
tot= cdbl(e) + cdbl(m) + cdbl(p) +
cdbl(c) msgbox tot
If cdbl(e) >=35 and cdbl(m) >=35 and cdbl(p) >=35 and cdbl(c) >=35 and tot
>=300 Then
msgbox "Grade is Distinction"

else If cdbl(e) >=35 and cdbl(m) >=35 and cdbl(p) >=35 and cdbl(c) >=35 and tot
>=240 and tot<300 Then

msgbox "Grade is First"

msgbox "Grade is Second"
msgbox "Grade is Third"

else
msgbox "No Grade, Fail"

End If
End If
End If
End If
8) Display Odd numbers up to n?
Dim num,n
n=Inputbox ("Enter a
Vaule") For num= 1 to n
step 2 msgbox num
Next
9) Display Even numbers up to n?
Dim num,n
n=Inputbox ("Enter a Vaule")
For num= 2 to n step

2 msgbox num
Next
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10) display natural numbers up to n and write in a text file?
Dim num, n, fso, myfile
n= inputbox ("Enter any Value")

num=1
For num= 1 to n step 1
Set fso= createobject ("scripting.filesystemobject")

set myfile=fso.opentextfile ("E:\gcreddy.txt", 8,
true) myfile.writeline num
myfile.close
Next
11) Display Natural numbers in reverse order up to n?
Dim num,n
n=Inputbox ("Enter a
Vaule") For num=n to 1 step
-1 msgbox num
Next
12) Display Natural numbers sum up to n? (Using For...Next Loop)
Dim num, n, sum
n= inputbox ("Enter a Value")

sum=0
1 sum= sum+num
Next msgbox
sum
13) Display Natural numbers sum up to n? (using While...Wend Loop)
Dim num, n, sum

While num <=cdbl (n)
sum= sum+num
num=num+1
Wend
msgbox sum
14) Display Natural numbers sum up to n? (Using Do...Until...Loop)
Dim num, n, sum

sum=0
num=1
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Do
sum= sum+num
num=num+1
Loop Until num =cdbl (n+1)

msgbox sum
15) Write a Function for Natural Numbers sum up to n?
Function NNumCou (n)

Dim num, sum
sum=0

1 sum= sum+num
Next msgbox
sum
End Function
16) Verify weather the entered 10 digit value is a numeric value or not?
Dim a,x,y,z,num
num=Inputbox ("Enter a Phone

Number") d1= left (num,1)
d10=Right (num,1)
d2=mid (num, 2, len (1))
If isnumeric (d1) = "True" and isnumeric (d2) = "True" and isnumeric (d3) = "True"
and isnumeric (d4) = "True"and isnumeric (d5) = "True"and isnumeric (d6) =
"True"and isnumeric (d7) = "True"and isnumeric (d8) = "True"and isnumeric
(d9) = "True"and isnumeric (d10) = "True" Then
msgbox "It is a Numeric Value"

else
Msgbox "It is NOT

Numeric" End If
17) Verify weather the entered value is a 10 digit value or not and Numeric
value or not? (Using multiple if conditions)
Dim a,x,y,z,num
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num=Inputbox ("Enter a Phone

Number") d1= left (num,1)
d10=Right (num,1)
If len (num) =10 Then
If isnumeric (d1) = "True" and isnumeric (d2) = "True" and isnumeric (d3) =
"True" and isnumeric (d4) = "True"and isnumeric (d5) = "True"and isnumeric (d6) =
"True"and isnumeric (d7) = "True"and isnumeric (d8) = "True"and isnumeric
(d9) = "True"and isnumeric (d10) = "True" Then

msgbox "It is a Numeric Value"
End If
End If
If len (num) <> 10 Then
Msgbox "It is NOT valid Number "
End If
18) Generate interest for 1 to 5 years (for 1 year -7%, 2 years -8%, 3 years-
9%, 4 years-10%, 5 years -11%)
Dim amount, duration, intr

amount=inputbox("enter amount")
If amount<10000 Then
msgbox "low
amount" else
For duration=1 to 5
If duration=1 Then
intr=amount*7/100
msgbox "1 year intrest is: " &intr
else if duration=2 Then

intr=amount*8/100
msgbox "2 years intrest is: " &intr

intr=amount*9/100
msgbox "3 years intrest is: "&intr

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intr=amount*10/100

intr=amount*11/100

else
msgbox "invalid data"
End If
End If
End If
End If
End If
Next
End If
For More Examples:
VB Script Examples-II
VB Script General Examples

1) Read a value and find size of the value
Dim val: val=Inputbox("Enter value for val: ")

val_length =Len(val)
msgbox "Size of "&val&" is "&val_length
2) Read a value and find whether the value is numeric or not?

val_type =IsNumeric(val)
If val_type = true Then

msgbox "val is Numeric"
else
msgbox "val is not Numeric"

End If
3)'Read a value and find whether the value is Date type data or not?

val_type =IsDate(val)
If val_type = true Then
msgbox "val is Date type

data" else
msgbox "val is not date type"

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End If
4)Read a value and Verify whether the value is 10-digit number or not and
started with 9 0r 8.
'Then Display it is a valid mobile number
Dim val,val_Length, val_Numeric, val_Start

val=Inputbox("Enter value for val: ")
val_Length= Len(val)
val_Numeric=IsNumeric(val)
val_Start=Left(val,1)
If val_Length=10 and val_Numeric and val_Start=9 or val_Start=8 Then

msgbox val&" is a valid mobile number "
Else
msgbox val&" is not a valid mobile number "
End If
5) 'Read a mobile number and verify the series
'if it starts with 92478 or 92471 then display it is TataIndicom number 'if
it starts with 98490 or 98480 then display it is Airtel number
Dim val, val_Length,val_Numeric,val_Series,val_Start

val=Inputbox("Enter value for val: ")
val_Length= Len(val)
val_Numeric=IsNumeric(val)
val_Start=Left(val,1)
val_Series=Left(val,5)
If val_Numeric=true Then
If val_Length=10 and val_Start=9 Then
If val_Series = 92478 or val_Series=92471

Then msgbox "It is TataIndicom Number"
ElseIf val_Series=98490 or val_Series = 98480

then msgbox "It is Airtel Number"
End If
Else
msgbox val&" is not a valid mobile number "
End If
Else
msgbox val& " is Invalid data"
End If
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6) Read a Value and Verify weather the value is started with Alfa bytes
or not? (First letter should be Alfa byte)
Dim val, val_Asc
val=Inputbox("enter a
value") val_Asc=Asc(val)
Msgbox val_Asc
If val_Asc>=65 and val_Asc<=90 or val_Asc>=97 and val_Asc<=122Then

msgbox val&" is an Alphabet"
Else
msgbox val&" is not an

Alphabet" End If
7) Read a value and Verify weather the value is Alfa bytes are not?
Dim str, valAsc, flag,i
Dim strlen, counter,valsingle

counter=0
str=Inputbox("enter a string value")

strlen= Len(str)
For i=1 to strlen step 1

valsingle=Mid(str,i,1)
valAsc=Asc(valsingle)
If valAsc>=65 and valAsc<=90 or valAsc>=97 and

valAsc<=122Then flag=1
counter=counter+1
Else
flag=0
End If
Next
msgbox "No.of characters " &counter
If counter=strlen and flag=1Then

msgbox str&" is an Alphabetic value"
Else
msgbox str&" is not an Alphabetic value"

End If
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VB Script Glossary of Terms
ActiveX control
An object that you place on a form to enable or enhance a user's interaction with
an application. ActiveX controls have events and can be incorporated into other
controls. The controls have an .ocx file name extension.
ActiveX object
An object that is exposed to other applications or programming tools through

Automation interfaces.
Argument
A constant, variable, or expression passed to a procedure.
Array
A set of sequentially indexed elements having the same type of data. Each
element of an array has a unique identifying index number. Changes made
to one element of an array do not affect the other elements.
ASCII Character Set
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) 7-bit character set
widely used to represent letters and symbols found on a standard U.S.
keyboard. The ASCII character set is the same as the first 128 characters (0–
127) in the ANSI character set.
Automation object
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An object that is exposed to other applications or programming tools through
Automation interfaces.
Bitwise comparison
A bit-by-bit comparison of identically positioned bits in two numeric expressions.
Boolean expression
An expression that evaluates to either True or False.
By reference
A way of passing the address, rather than the value, of an argument to a

procedure. This allows the procedure to access the actual variable. As a result,
the variable's actual value can be changed by the procedure to which it is
passed.
By value
A way of passing the value, rather than the address, of an argument to a

procedure. This allows the procedure to access a copy of the variable. As a
result, the variable's actual value can't be changed by the procedure to which it
is passed.
character code
A number that represents a particular character in a set, such as the

ASCII character set.
Class
The formal definition of an object. The class acts as the template from which an
instance of an object is created at run time. The class defines the properties of
the object and the methods used to control the object's behavior.
Class module
A module containing the definition of a class (its property and

method definitions).
Collection
An object that contains a set of related objects. An object's position in the

collection can change whenever a change occurs in the collection; therefore,
the position of any specific object in the collection may vary.
Comment
Text added to code by a programmer that explains how the code works. In
Visual Basic Scripting Edition, a comment line generally starts with an
apostrophe ('), or you can use the keyword Rem followed by a space.
Comparison operator
A character or symbol indicating a relationship between two or more values or

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expressions. These operators include less than (<), less than or equal to (<=),
greater than (>), greater than or equal to (>=), not equal (<>), and equal (=).
Is is also a comparison operator, but it is used exclusively for determining if

one object reference is the same as another.
Constant
A named item that retains a constant value throughout the execution of a

program. Constants can be used anywhere in your code in place of actual
values. A constant can be a string or numeric literal, another constant, or
any combination that includes arithmetic or logical operators except Is and
exponentiation. For example:
Data ranges
Each Variant subtype has a specific range of allowed values:

Subtype Range
Byte 0 to 255. Boolean

True or False.
Integer -32,768 to 32,767.
Long -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.
Single -3.402823E38 to -1.401298E-45 for negative values; 1.401298E-45 to

3.402823E38 for positive values.
Double -1.79769313486232E308 to -4.94065645841247E-324 for negative

values; 4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232E308 for positive values.
Currency -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807.
Date January 1, 100 to December 31, 9999,

inclusive. Object Any Object reference.
String Variable-length strings may range in length from 0 to approximately 2

billion characters.
Date expression
Any expression that can be interpreted as a date. This includes any combination of
date literals, numbers that look like dates, strings that look like dates, and dates
returned from functions. A date expression is limited to numbers or strings, in any
combination, that can represent a date from January 1, 100 through
December 31, 9999.
Dates are stored as part of a real number. Values to the left of the decimal
represent the date; values to the right of the decimal represent the time. Negative
numbers represent dates prior to December 30, 1899.
Date literal
Any sequence of characters with a valid format that is surrounded by number

signs (#). Valid formats include the date format specified by the locale settings for
your code or the universal date format. For example, #12/31/99# is the date
literal that represents December 31, 1999, where English-U.S. is the locale
setting for your application.
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In VBScript, the only recognized format is US-ENGLISH, regardless of the
actual locale of the user. That is, the interpreted format is mm/dd/yyyy.
Date separators
Characters used to separate the day, month, and year when date values are
formatted.
Empty
A value that indicates that no beginning value has been assigned to a variable.
Empty variables are 0 in a numeric context, or zero-length in a string context.
Error number
A whole number in the range 0 to 65,535, inclusive, that corresponds to the

Number property of the Err object. When combined with the Name property
of the Err object, this number represents a particular error message.
Expression
A combination of keywords, operators, variables, and constants that yield a

string, number, or object. An expression can perform a calculation, manipulate
characters, or test data.
Intrinsic constant
A constant provided by an application. Because you can't disable intrinsic

constants, you can't create a user-defined constant with the same name.
Keyword
A word or symbol recognized as part of the VBScript language; for example, a

statement, function name, or operator.
Locale
The set of information that corresponds to a given language and country. A

locale affects the language of predefined programming terms and locale-specific
settings. There are two contexts where locale information is important:
• The code locale affects the language of terms such as keywords and
defines locale-specific settings such as the decimal and list separators,
date formats, and character sorting order.
• The system locale affects the way locale-aware functionality behaves, for
example, when you display numbers or convert strings to dates. You set the
system locale using the Control Panel utilities provided by the operating
system.
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Nothing
The special value that indicates that an object variable is no longer

associated with any actual object.
Null
A value indicating that a variable contains no valid data. Null is the result of:
• An explicit assignment of Null to a variable.
• Any operation between expressions that contain Null.
Numeric expression
Any expression that can be evaluated as a number. Elements of the expression

can include any combination of keywords, variables, constants, and operators
that result in a number.
Object type
A type of object exposed by an application, for example, Application, File, Range,

and Sheet. Refer to the application's documentation (Microsoft Excel, Microsoft
Project, Microsoft Word, and so on) for a complete listing of available objects.
pi
Pi is a mathematical constant equal to approximately 3.1415926535897932.
Private
Variables that are visible only to the script in which they are declared.
Procedure
A named sequence of statements executed as a unit. For example, Function and

Sub are types of procedures.
Procedure level
Describes statements located within a Function or Sub procedure.

Declarations are usually listed first, followed by assignments and other
executable code. For example:
Sub MySub() ' This statement declares a sub procedure block.
Dim A ' This statement starts the procedure

block. A = "My variable" ' Procedure-level code.
Debug.Print A ' Procedure-level code.
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End Sub ' This statement ends a sub procedure block.
Note that script-level code resides outside any procedure blocks.
Property
A named attribute of an object. Properties define object characteristics such

as size, color, and screen location, or the state of an object, such as enabled
or disabled.
Public
Variables declared using the Public Statement are visible to all procedures in all
modules in all applications.
Run time
The time when code is running. During run time, you can't edit the code.
Run-time error
An error that occurs when code is running. A run-time error results when
a statement attempts an invalid operation.
Scope
Defines the visibility of a variable, procedure, or object. For example, a variable

declared as Public is visible to all procedures in all modules. Variables declared
in procedures are visible only within the procedure and lose their value between
calls.
SCODE
A long integer value that is used to pass detailed information to the caller of an
interface member or API function. The status codes for OLE interfaces and
APIs are defined in FACILITY_ITF.
Script level
Any code outside a procedure is referred to as script-level code.
Seed
An initial value used to generate pseudorandom numbers. For example, the

Randomize statement creates a seed number used by the Rnd function to create
unique pseudorandom number sequences.
String comparison
A comparison of two sequences of characters. Unless specified in the function

making the comparison, all string comparisons are binary. In English, binary
comparisons are case-sensitive; text comparisons are not.
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String expression
Any expression that evaluates to a sequence of contiguous characters. Elements

of a string expression can include a function that returns a string, a string literal,
a string constant, or a string variable.
Type library
A file or component within another file that contains standard descriptions

of exposed objects, properties, and methods.
Variable
A named storage location that can contain data that can be modified during
program execution. Each variable has a name that uniquely identifies it within its
level of scope.
Variable names:
• Must begin with an alphabetic character.
• Can't contain an embedded period or type-declaration character.

• Must be unique within the same scope.
• Must be no longer than 255 characters.

VB Script Comments

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For more QTP Realtime Sripts, visit

The comment argument is the text of any comment we want to include.

o We can use comments for making the script understandable.

o We can use comments for making one or more statements disable

Apostrophe (') symbol before the comment

Comment/Uncomment a block of statements

Variable is a named memory location for storing program information

Msgbox a 'It returns True

b) Holding Program Result

myDate=Now ‘ It returns current data & time

We declare multiple variables by separating each variable name with a comma.

Dim x, y, city, gcreddy

Option Explicit Statement

Forces explicit declaration of all variables in a script.

Option Explicit ' Force explicit variable declaration.

Dim MyVar ' Declare variable.

MyInt = 10 ' Undeclared variable generates error.

MyVar = 10 ' Declared variable does not generate error.

Dim abc 'Right

Dim 9ab 'Wrong

Dim ab9 'Right

b) Cannot contain an embedded period.

Dim abc 'Right

Dim ab.c 'worng

Dim ab-c 'wrong

Dim ab_c 'Right

c) Must not exceed 255 characters.

d) Must be unique in the scope in which it is declared.

A variable's scope is determined by where we declare it.

can access or change the value of that variable.

If we declare a variable outside a procedure, we make it recognizable to all the

Life Time of Variables

The lifetime of a variable depends on how long it exists.

Assigning Values to Variables

Values are assigned to variables creating an expression as follows:

Scalar Variables and Array Variables

A variable containing a single value is a scalar variable.

A variable containing a series of values, is called an array variable.

Although the number shown in the parentheses is 3, all arrays in VBScript

Beginning at zero and ending at 4, data can be assigned to the elements of an

Arrays aren't limited to a single dimension. We can have as many as 60

In the following example, the MyTable variable is a two-dimensional array

Dim MyTable(5, 10)

In a two-dimensional array, the first number is always the number of rows;

However, for a dynamic array, no size or number of dimensions is placed

To use a dynamic array, you must subsequently use ReDim to determine

ReDim Preserve MyArray(30)

VB Script Data Types

Operators are used for performing mathematical, comparison and

VB Script has a full range of operators, including arithmetic operators,

When several operations occur in an expression, each part is evaluated and

We can use parentheses to override the order of precedence and force

Operations within parentheses are always performed before those outside.

Arithmetic and logical operators are evaluated in the following order of

1) Exponentiation Operator (^) Raises a number to the power of an exponent

2) Multiplication Operator (*) Multiplies two numbers.

3) Division Operator (/) Divides two numbers and returns a floating-

4) Integer Division Operator (\) Divides two numbers and returns an

6) Addition Operator (+) Sums two numbers.

7) Subtraction Operator (-) Finds the difference between two

8) Concatenation Operator (&) Forces string concatenation of two

Addition (+) operator

msgbox c '12 (if both are numeric, then it adds)