By:

Inaara Panjwani

By: Inaara Panjwani Page: 1

 Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Natural Environment4
Culture 6
People8
Technology 10
Cities & Government 12
Conclusion 15

Bibliography 16

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 Ancient Egypt is wonderful civilization that began 5000 years ago. It
was originally divided into two kingdoms. The upper and lower Egypt.
In 3000 BCE (over 3000 years ago) Menes (Pharaoh) united the country
into one kingdom which made Egypt become more powerful than it was
before. Egypt is located in the north east corner of Africa.

Before 5000 BCE early settlers farmed and build towns around
Nile. Then... in the time period 2575 – 2130 BCE (old kingdom) the
great pyramids were build in Giza. At this period with the Libyans had
occurred. After, the time period of the week rulers which is 2130 –
1938 BCE then the power of the Pharaohs restored (1938 -1600 BCE /
the middle kingdom). Then during the time period of 1630 – 1540 BCE,
the invasion of the Hyksos took place. After... in 1539 – 1075 BCE
Akhenaten reigns in the 1300s. At this time period Tutankhamen ruled.
Next Ramses the great (II) rules Egypt (1275 – 1213 BCE). From 1075 –
665 BCE (the new kingdom) Libyan pharaohs rule Egypt. Between 664 –
31 BCE local rulers struggle for power. The Persian kings (who did rule
Egypt) came to power. Native rulers took power back from the
Persians. In 305 BCE a new dynasty, under Ptolemy (a Greek dynasty) is
founded. In 51 BCE Cleopatra becomes a joint ruler of Egypt. She rules
alone from 47 – 31 BCE. In 31 BCE a Roman fleet defeats Egypt at the
battle of Actium. The Roman makes Egypt a Roman province.

The civilization came to an end!

Today I will bring you into my time machine! We will go into Ancient
Egypt. Though we must come back in 30 minutes or we might be stuck
there forever! If you don’t get all of your information there then you
should read my handbook. Anyways let’s carry on. On the count of
three jump and say Ancient Egypt rules! 1... 2... 3! Well we are there.
Take a look at some of the information. Then we will explorer!

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 Geography and Body’s of water
Egypt is located in the northeast corner of Africa. It has many
little cities in it. A great body of water flows between it. This is called
the Nile River. This long
river use to flow right
through the middle of Egypt
as it still does today. The
Nile has been split into many
different parts. These are
The Blue Nile, White Nile,
Nile delta and many more.
The river is split into many
different channels that look
fan shaped from a bird’s eye
view.

The Nile was very

important to the Ancient
Egyptians. They believed it
was a gift from the gods. The
Egyptians depended on the
Nile for fish, crops, fresh

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 soil, transportation, water. The civilization wouldn’t exist without the
Nile River.

The Nile would flood during the rainy season (July-September).

The flooding of the Nile causes all of the Crops near it to grow faster.
The soil near the Nile would become moist.

Climate
Oh my It’s so hot. It is like we are in a desert. Well actually we
are in a desert. We are lucky we came in the rainy season. This is when
the Nile floods (July-September). Come on, let’s explorer!

Famous Buildings
Hey look over there it’s the famous pyramids of Giza. They are so
cool. Did you know that they were built 4500 years ago? Wow that is
very old! Well
since we are,
4500 years away
from home
technically these
pyramids are still
being built. The
pyramids are
made as tombs in
which the kings
would be buried.

Hey look
over there It is
the Sphinx! The
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 Sphinx represents the sun god Ra. The Sphinx was built near the great
pyramids of Giza.

ENTERTIANMENT
Look over there some men are hunting a hippopotamus. It looks
like their having fun. I feel so bad for the hippopotamus. Poor thing!
Anyways Ancient Egyptian men loved to hunt. It was a very common
hobby. They would hunt fish, hippopotamus, elephants, giraffe, lions,
rhinoceros, wild boar, antelopes, gazelles, and numerous varieties of
deer, ibex, and countless numbers of birds. The crocodiles would be
left alone.

Oh I forgot to tell you! There is a feast tomorrow. I am invited!

Do want to come? … That’s great! There will be food, music, singing
and dancing. Most women enjoyed singing and dancing. The ones at the
feast probably have adapted it as their profession.

We might get a chance to see a play at the feast. Though the

scene always shows the actors rich and successful since the Egyptians
believed the plays would come true in their afterlife.

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 Anyways lets head on. We need to get you something good to
wear for the feast. Let’s ask Sarah and Iqubal if we can borrow
something for you to wear.

Look their right over there, and their baby daughter is playing
with her toy doll. Isn’t she cute? Sarah is asking us to come in. She says
you and I can borrow some clothes while we are here. Let’s see what
fits you. … Wow! That’s a perfect fit! Do you like it? Well now that we
are ready. Let’s go outside “Thanks Sarah!” Look over there! Some
kids are playing an outdoor game called leap frog. Children of Ancient
Egypt played many other games such as tug of war, catch, piggybank
and soldiers.

Adults played board games in their spare time. One of the main
ones was senet.

People also had pets such as cats, dogs and monkeys. Cats were
the most famous since they would catch mice around the house.

LANGUAGE
To you Egypt probably sounds really funny. That is because it is a
mixture of 3 languages. Egyptian is a mix of Arabic, Amharic and
Hebrew. It is the main language of Egypt.

CELEBRATIONS
It would be so much fun if there was a holiday or festival today.
The food is always so delicious. Sorry I am just so hungry. Anyways
since I brought up the topic how about I tell you about some Ancient
Egyptian festivals. Egyptians celebrated many festivals holidays and
feasts. Many of them were religious or related to their gods. One of
their most common holidays was New Year. Egyptians wore their best
clothing during their feasts.
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By: Inaara Panjwani Page: 8
 HOMES
Hey look at those homes! They look very different. Well ancient
Egyptian homes actually very interesting. Look over there it’s Iqubal
and his wife Sarah. It sounds like their speaking gibberish, but really
their not. They’re speaking Egyptian. He says hello. Sarah wants us to
explorer her house. Come on! Sarah and Iqubal are young villagers. If
you can see they don’t have doors.

Ordinary villagers lived in simple mud-brick houses. These simple mud-

brick houses were designed to stay cool. They had small windows and
open air kitchen. The houses had little living space and the houses
were quite bleak with not much furniture apart. Some of the furniture
includes a few low tables, stools and beds. Village houses were
crowded together often on narrow streets.

The Wealthy nobles and important officials owned large homes. They
had a central hall, separate bedrooms and servant quarters. They also
have a large courtyard and sometimes a garden.

Villagers home were made of sundried mud bricks. There floors were
covered with mud plaster. The outside and inside of their walls were
coated with limestone plaster. Steps led to the roof where clay ovens
were usually placed.

In a typical villager’s house there would usually be rooms. The first

rooms you step into when you enter is usually the entrance room. This
usually leads to the living room. The next door usually leads to the
store room which can sometimes have a cool cellar bellow. The last
room is the kitchen courtyard with steps leading to the roof.

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 FOOD
Hey did I tell you that while we are walking throughout egypt you
should not ask for water.The water is acctually beer.Though it does not
exactly have much alchhol I dont think you will like the taste.If your
wondering why they drink beer instead of water is that it is clean. The
water from the Nile is not in drinking condittion. Well now that you
know what they drink, I will tell you about what they eat. Some of the
fruits, vegetable and herbs eaten were barley, wheat, onions, lentils,
beans, cabbages, cucumber, grapes, dates, figs and pomegranates.
These were used to make things like bread and beer. They also made
other things with them such as pancakes and rice. Cattle, sheep, fish
and goat were used for meat, cows for milk and beef was the most
expensive.

CLOTHING
Hey that kid is naked.Gross! During summer most poor Egyptian
children usually roamed around naked. The Egyptian children were bald
with a loch of hair on the side to prevent lice. Most children’s clothes
were made at home by their mothers. They were made of linen. Since
linen was hard to die their clothes were usually left plain. Poor
children were usually bare foot. Wealthier people wore shoes made
form woven reed or grass. Sometimes leather. They also wore beautiful
jewelry. Men wore short kilt tied around their waist. Women usually
wore tube dressed.

Uh Oh! I is almost time to leave. If we dont go now then we

may never get out of here. Well I guess we are going to have to skip
the feast. I will just give Sarah and Iqubal the clothes when I come
back. To get the rest of your information read the handbook below.
Goodbye!

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 INVENTIONS
Ancient Egyptians have invented and discovered many things that we us today.

Science Technology
 Anthropology  Clock
 Botany  Looms
 Zoology  Ink
 Astronomy  Metal piping
 Mathematics  Carpentary
 Fiberglass

Medicines Food and Drinks

 Anatomy  Marshmallows
 Antibiotics  Pancakes
 Emblaming
 Dentists

Transportation Customs
 Rudder  Wedding ring
 Canals  Hand shake
 Navy  Table manners
 Thumbs up and Thumbs down

Personal Home
 Comb  Air cooling system
 Scissiors  Fan
 Shoes (sandals)  Master bedroom
 Birthdays  Canopy bed
 Cosmetics  Indoor lighting lamps
 Deodrant
 Tooth brush & Tooth Paste

Communications At Play
 Calendar  Checkers

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  Language  Senet
 Postal system & Carrier pigeons  Rattles
 Marbles
 Bowling
 Darts
 Doll making industry
 Mechanical toys
 Zoos
 Bag pipe
 Trumpet
 Wind organ
 Drum

TEMPLES
Each ancient Egyptian temple was dedicated to one more gods
and goddesses. The gods represented by golden statues. Ordinary
people were not allowed to worship in these temples. On festivals the
statues were taken out of their temples and placed into a wooden
shrine where anyone can worship them. This would only be for a
temporary period. Most gods had a statue, except for some such as
Geb and Tawaret. These would be placed in homes as small statues for
good luck.

TRANSPORTATION
Ancient Egyptian had many ways to travel. They used camels,
donkeys, horses, chariots, lamas, ships and boats. Ships and boats
were used to travel across the sea and the Nile River. Camels were the
most common since they don`t get thirsty or tired easily.

FARMING TECHNIQUES

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 Farmers dug canals connected to the Nile, so that the water flows
through their fields. This allowed them to grow crops faster and
better.

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 CITIES
The capital of Egypt is Cairo. Some of the other cities in Egypt
are Alexandria, Sais, Tanis, Heliopolis, Giza, Part Suez, Saqqara,
Memphis, Taba, Nuweiba, St. Katherine’s, Dahab, Sharm el-Shiekh,
Hurghada, Bahariyya Oasis, Beni Hasan, el-Amarna, Farafra Oasis,
Abydos, Dendera, Karnak, Luzor, Dakhia Oasis, Esra, Edfu, Kom Ombo,
Aswan, Philae and Abu Simbel.

GOVERNMENT
Egypt was ruled by one man, the Pharaoh. The Pharaoh is belived
to be a king and god. He has complete power over his people. He also
own most of the land in Egypt. Barely any ordinary people get to see
the Pharaoh. If you lived in the village you would have to follow the
local nobles that control your village. They report to the officials who
worked for the Pharaoh. The officials supervise great building
projects and they also collect taxes. This allows Pharaoh to have
enough time to make sure that his orders are followed.

There were hundreds of Pharaohs that have ruled Egypt. One of

most common ones was Pharaoh Tutankemen. He was only nine years
old when he started to rule. He is famous because of the wonderful
treasures found in his tomb. Ramses II was also a great Pharaoh. He
ruled Egypt for 67 years. Ramses had 96 sons and 60 daughters.

MUMMIFICATION

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 Mainly nobles were mummified. Mummification is a process of
preventing dead bodies from decaying.

To do this the dead bodies are dried and all the organs are
removed. The organs are placed into small containers decorated each
with one carving of one of the four of the sons of Horus.

The mummies replaced in coffins before being placed into their

tombs. There were three layers of the coffin. The coffin was usually
decorated beautifully, usually carved in stone, Ivory or Gold. Only the
noble’s coffins were decorated this beautifully. The villagers coffin
would be carved out of wood.

GODS & GODDESSES

The ancient Egyptian worshiped variety of gods. Some of them were...

Amun (Re)

Amun was the most popular god. He was a creator of gods.

Once Amun combined with Sun God named Ra, this made him
more powerful. After that he was called Amun Re (Ra)

Bastet

Bastet was woman with the head of a cat, she was also
known as a daughter of a Ra. She was associated with the moon.

Bes

He was a dwarf with human and lion features. He was the

protector of women during pregnancy and child birth. He also
protects Egyptians from evil spirits, snakes and scorpions.

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 Hathor

Hathor sometimes takes the form of a cow. She is the wife

of Horus and also known as Sky Goddess.

Isis

She uses her power to help people in need. She is goddess

of motherhood.

Maat

She carries the feather of truth on her head. She is goddess

of truth, justice and harmony of the world.

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 Ancient Egypt is one of the most common civilizations. I am sad to
hear that it was broken. The Egyptians had many different thought and
beliefs. They believed in many different gods and saying. One cool fact
I found when I was studying was that they believed that senses from
plays would always come true in afterlife so they always played scenes
in which they would be rich and successful. As the Nile River flows
rapidly through the province of Egypt (since Rome took over) the story
of the civilization flows from person to person. The Nile River was very
important to Egyptians. It provided them food, crops, transportation
and water. It was their only way of survival. Though the Nile was not
their only way of transportation, they also used donkeys and lamas.
The villagers usually wore plain white clothing. Wealthier people wore
colourful clothing with a few designs. Wealthier people such as priest
and nobles wore colourful designer clothing and lots of gold. I’d love to
be a noble. I learned a lot on my intellectual journey to Egypt. I hope
your did too. Today we use a lot of the things we’ve learned from
ancient Egyptians. Can you believe the actually created pancakes and
marshmellows. It feels as if we are almost walking amongst their
footsteps. Though sometime I feel they were better architects. As we
live life today wondering about the future we must never forget the
past. Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery but today is a gift.
Today we too can use the past the change the future.

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 Computer program- 345 Social Studies

Website- -
http://www.geocities.com/wally_mo/inventions.html

Website- http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/explore/main.html

Book - Ancient Egyptian Children

Book – You are in Egypt

Book – Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt

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