4541 CHEMISTRY Chapter 8

Activity 9 :-

1 Substance A is white in colour . When A is strongly heated, a brown gas, B, and

colourless gas C are released. These gases rekindled a glowing wooden splinter. Residue D
which is yellow in colour when hot and white in colour when cold is formed.
(a) Name substances A, B, C and D

A : ………………………………………………………..

B : ………………………………………………………..

C : ……………………………………………………….

D : ……………………………………………………….

(b) Write the chemical equation when substance A is heated.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

2 The colourless solution X gives the following results when a few series of tests are
conducted :

T1 : When sodium hydroxide is added, a white precipitate is formed.

This precipitate is soluble in excess sodium hydroxide.
T2 : When ammonia solution is added, a white precipitate, F is formed.
This precipitate is insoluble in excess ammonia solution.
T3 : When potassium iodide is added, a yellow precipitate, Y is formed.

(a) What are the possible cations present in substance X as a result of T1 test?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) What are the possible cations present in solution X as a result from T1 and T2 tests?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) What is the ion present in X after T3 test has been done? Write an ionic equation for
the formation of substance F?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

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Colourless
3 solution P

Test I Test II
+ dilute HCl

Gas Q with a pungent smell is

released and turns red litmus
paper to blue. Effervescence occurs
and gas S is released.

(a) Identify gas Q and state two its physical properties.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) State the reagents which are used in Test I and explain how the test is carried out.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) (i) Name gas S and write the ionic equation that occurred in Test II.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Explain how you confirmed gas S.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Name salt P based on the results of Tests I and II

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

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4 Five solutions labelled P, Q, R, S and T contain different cations. The colour of the
solutions and their reactions with sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia solution are given
in the following table.

Solution Colour With sodium hydroxide solution With ammonia solution

P Blue Blue precipitate, insoluble in excess Blue precipitate soluble in excess

Q Colourless White precipitate, soluble in excess White precipitate soluble in excess

R Light green Dirty green precipitate Dirty green precipitate

S Colourless White precipitate, soluble in excess White precipitate insoluble in excess

T Colourless White precipitate, insoluble in excess White precipitate insoluble in excess

(a) Write the formula of the cation(s) present in solution :

P : ………………………………… S : ………………………………….

Q : ………………………………… T : ……………………………….....

R : …………………………………

(b) State another test to identify the cations present in R.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) (i) When sodium sulphate solution is added to solution S, white precipitate is
formed. What is the possible cation present in solution S?

…………………………………………………………………………………

(d) State another test that can differentiate the cations present in solution S.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

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5 Mixture of soluble salt

X and insoluble salt Y

Salt X Salt Y
II
+ NaOH(aq) IV
III heating
+ KI(aq)
White precipitate, soluble
in excess NaOH(aq)
Oxide of
metal Z CO2 gas
+
logam R

Yellow V
precipitat
e + H2SO4(aq)

Blue solution

(a) In Process I, it is found that the salt mixture can be separated. Explain briefly how the
salts can be separated.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) In Process II, sodium hydroxide solution is added until in excess. According to the
observations given, name all the possible cations present.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) (i) In Process III, potassium iodide solution is added to the salt solution X and a
yellow precipitate is formed. Name the precipitate.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Write an ionic equation for the above reaction.

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 4541 CHEMISTRY Chapter 8

……………………………………………………………………………………….

(d) (i) The insoluble salt Y is then heated in Process IV. Metalic oxide Z and carbon
dioxide gas are produced. Give a chemical test to confirm the presence of the gas.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) In Process V, when dilute sulphuric acid is added to oxide of metal Z, a blue
solution is formed. Name the salt Y.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

6 The flow chart below shows the results of the chemical test that was conducted on salt A.

White crystal
White precipitate C.
Insoluble in excess
I Water hydrochloric acid.
V
+ BaCl2(aq)
White precipitate B. II Colourless
Soluble in excess
+ NaOH(aq) solution A.
NaOH(aq). IV
+ NH3(aq) White precipitate B.
III + NaCl(aq) Insoluble in excess
NH3(aq).

No changes

(a) Name salt A.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Based on the results of tests I, II, III and IV, name the ion present in salt A.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name substance B……………………………………. and C………………………………....

(d) Write the chemical equations for the reactions occurred in :

test II : …………………………………………………………………………………………

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 4541 CHEMISTRY Chapter 8

test V : …………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) What can be observed when ammonia gas is passed through solution A until in excess.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7 The label on the reagent bottle containing sodium chloride and sodium nitrate solution
was removed. By using suitable chemical substances, explain briefly how you can conduct the
chemical tests in the laboratory to identify both substances.

8 You are given lead(II) carbonate, zinc carbonate and copper(II) carbonate. Without using
any reagents, explain how you can differentiate the three substances in the laboratory.

9 Diagram below shows the flow chart of changes that took place beginning from solid M.
Solid M is a zinc salt. When solid M is heated strongly, it decomposed into solid Q which is
yellow when hot and white when cold.

Solid M

Reaction II
Reaction I

+ dilute nitric acid

Heat

Solution S + Carbon dioxide gas + water

Solid Q + Carbon dioxide gas

Reaction III

+ Magnesium

Zinc metal + Magnesium nitrate

(a) (i) Give a chemical test for carbon dioxide gas.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

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4541 CHEMISTRY Chapter 8

(ii) Draw a diagram of the apparatus arrangement to conduct the Reaction I

.

(b) Name solids M and Q.

M : ……………………………………………………………………

Q : ……………………………………………………………………

(c) State the observations made when excess ammonia solution is added to solution S.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) (i) Write the chemical equation for Reaction II

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Based on Reaction II, calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released at room
condition if 12.5 g solid M decomposed completely.
[ Relative atomic mass ; C = 12 ; O = 16 ; Zn = 65 ]
[ 1 mole of any gas occupies 24 dm3 space at room condition ]

(e) Name Reaction III.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

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 4541 CHEMISTRY Chapter 8

10 The information below shows a list of chemicals supplied to you.

• Hydrochloric acid solution, 1.0 mol

dm-3
• Iron(II) sulphate solution, 1.0 mol
dm-3
• Barium chloride solutions, 1.0 mol
dm-3

(a) (i) Choose two solutions that can be used to prepare an insoluble salt.

…………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) What is the type of reaction for the preparation of salt in (a) (i)

…………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Write the ionic equation for the production of the salt in (a) (i)

…………………………………………………………………………………….

(iv) How can you extract the solid salt produced?

…………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) State your observations when sodium hydroxide solution is added in small amount
until in excess into iron(II) sulphate solution.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) (i) Choose two chemicals substances that can react to produce carbon dioxide gas.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in (c) (i).

………………………………………………………………………………………..

(iii) How can you confirm that a gas is released in the reaction in (c) (i).

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

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 4541 CHEMISTRY Chapter 8

11 (a) (i) State two types of reactions for the preparation of soluble salts.
(ii) For each type of reaction, write a chemical equation for the salt prepared.

(b) Describe an experiment to prepare dry zinc chloride salt crystals in the laboratory. In
your decription, write the chemical equations for the reactions involved.

(c) Describe how you can conduct a chemical test in the laboratory to detect the
presence of both ions in the zinc chloride crystals.

B Quantitative Analysis of Salt

Calculation involving the quantity of reacting substances and products

Mass (m) in gram

÷ Ar @ Mr × Ar @ Mr

n = MV Number of mole (n)

1000 × 22.4 dm3 at STP
÷ 24 dm3 at STP
Volume of gas
Solution concentration
in dm3 (Vg)
in mol dm-3 (M)
Volume in cm3 (V)

Calculation steps : [ Refer to Clinic Module 5 ]

To work out the calculation, following 5 steps must be done :
1. Decide what should be calculated (underline it!)
2. Decide what is given in the question (Circle it!)
3. Convert the given information into the number of moles (if necessary)
4. Make ‘connection’ between the number of mole of ‘what is given’ and the
number of mole of ‘what should be calculated’.

Remark :
The ‘connection’ only can be made based on the balanced equation!
 If the equation not be given, we should write and balance the equation first.
 This connection must be done to get the number of mole of ‘what should be
calculated’.

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4541 CHEMISTRY Chapter 8

5. Convert the number of mole to the required units.

Activity 10 :-

(i) 8.0 g copper(II) oxide powder is mixed with excess dilute nitric acid.
Calculate the mass of copper(II) nitrate produced.
[ Relatif atomic mass : H = 1, N = 14, O = 16, Cu = 64 ]

(ii) 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is mixed with magnesium powder until in
excess. Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas released at room condition.
[ 1 mol of any gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room condition ]

(iii) 25 cm3 of sulphuric acid is needed to neutralized 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium
hydroxide solution. Calculate the mass of magnesium oxide that is not reacted.
[ Relative atomic mass : O = 16 ; Mg = 24 ]

END OF CHAPTER 8

Chapter 8 30 Salt