MENARA DESTILASI

Kondisi Umpan :
Kondisi umpan masuk :
T = 87˚C
P = 1 atm
Kondisi destilasi :
T = 87˚C
P = 1 atm
Kondisi umpan bottom :
T = 87˚C
P = 1 atm
Diketahui :
Umpan masuk = 658,7728 kg/jam terdiri dari :
Etanol = 468,5535 kg/jam
Air = 190,2193 kg/jam
Komponen heavy key (HK) adalah air, sehingga :
k
i = k
HK

Maka diperoleh :
0,9399
 etanol = = 0,4415
2,1011
2,1011
 air = = 1,0000
2,1011
Jadi :
C 2 H 5 OH x XC 2 H 5 OH H 2 O x XH 2O
1–q= +
C 2 H 5 OH −θ H 2 O−θ
Dengan metode trial & error diperoleh, θ = 0,9399
Data komposisi buble :
Komposisi k Xd 
C2H5OH 0,9399 0,9482 0,4415
H2O 2,1011 0,0518 1,0000
Maka,
 C 2 H 5 OH x XC 2 H 5 OH H 2 O x XH 2O
Rm + 1 = +
C 2 H 5 OH −θ H 2 O−θ
0,4415 x 0,9482 1,0000 x 0,0518
Rm + 1 = +
0,4415−0,9399 1,0000−0,9399
= 1,8701
Rm = 0,8701
Destilasi dilakukan dengan refluks ration 3 kali refluks minimum.
Rop = 3 . Rm
= 3 x 0,8701
= 2,6103
Dari perhitungan neraca massa diperoleh jumlah uap yang keluar pada kolom
atas:
Etanol = 445,1256 kg/jam
Air = 9,5102 kg/jam
Untuk :
Etanol = Rop x 445,1256 kg/jam
= 2,6103 x 445,1256 kg/jam
= 1161,9206 kg/jam
Air = Rop x 9,5102 kg/jam
= 2,6103 x 9,5102 kg/jam
= 24,8247 kg/jam
Jadi total aliran refluks adalah = etanol + air
= (1161,9206 + 24,8247) kg/jam
= 1186,7453 kg/jam
Maka jumlah uap yang masuk kondesor :
= jumlah destilasi + jumlah refluks
Etanol = (445,1256 + 1161,9206) kg/jam
= 1607,0462 kg/jam
Air = (9,5102 + 24,8247) kg/jam
= 34,3349 kg/jam
Total aliran uap sebelum masuk kondensor adalah = 1641,3811 kg/jam
Perhitungan neraca panas destilasi :
Untuk Qin yang masuk destilasi = Qout dari heater
Qin = Qetanol + QH2O
= (19154,4669 + 13886,0100) kg/jam
= 33040,4769 kg/jam
Untuk Qout yang keluar destilasi :
T reff = 25˚C
T out = 98˚C
98

Qetanol = ∫ cp . dt
25

= 445,1257 x

98

∫ (9,014+ 2,1407 .10−3 T −8,390 . 10−5 T 2 +1,3733 .10−9 T 3 ¿ )¿

25

2,1407 .10−3
= 445,1257 ((9,014 x (98-25)) +( (982 −252)) – (
2

8,390 .10−5 1,3733. 10−9

(983 −253)) + ( (98 4−25 4))
3 4
= 445,1257 x 1593,23458 kJ/kmol
445,1257 kg / jam
= x 380,6106 kkal/kmol
46 kg / jam
= 9,6766 kmol/ jam x 389,6186 kkal/jam
= 3683,03332 kkal/jam
98
Q = m ∫ cpdt
25

98
−3 −5 2 −9 3
=9,5103 ∫ 32,243+1,923.10 T +1,0555.1 O T −3,596.10 T ¿ dt ¿
25

1,9238.10−3 3 3 3,596.10−9 4 4
= 9,5103(32,243(98-25)+ (98 -25 ) (98 -25 )
2 3
= 9,5103(2353,739+8,6369+3,2565-0,0826
 = 9,5103 kg/jam x 2365,5498 kj/kmol
45103 kg / jam
= x 565,1098 kkal/kmol
46 kg / ja m
= 116,8336 kkal/jam
Total Qout destilasi :
= Qetanol + QAir
= (3683,033 + 116,834) kg
= 3799,8668 kg

Untuk Qout yang keluar dari kolom bawah (bottom)

T reff = 25˚C
T out = 180˚C
180

Qet = m ∫ cpdt
25

180
−1 −5 2 −9 3
=234278 ∫ (9,014+ 2,1407.10 ¿−10 T +1,3733.10 T )dt ¿
25

2,1407.10−1 8,3901.10−5
=23,4278(9,0141(180-25)+ (1802-252)+ (1803-
2 3

1,3733.10−9
253)+ (1804-254)
4
= 23,4278(1397,1700+3401,0371-162,6646+0,3603
=2342 kg/ jam x 4635,9028 kj/ kmol
23,4278 kg/ jam
= kg x 1107,4780 kkal/ kmol
46 kmol
❑
= 664,0385 kkal/jam
98

Qair = m ∫ cpdt
25

180
180,7090 ∫ (32,243+1 , 9238. 10−3 T ¿ + 1,055510−5 T 2−3 , 596 .10−9 T 3) dt ¿
25
 1,9238.10−3 1,0555.10−5
= 180,7090 (32,243 (180-25)+ (1802-252) +
2 3

3,596.10−9
(1803-253) - (1804-254)
4
= 180,7090 x (4997,665 + 30,5644 + 20,4639 – 0,9439)
= 180,7090 kg/jam x 5047,7499 kj/kmol
180,7090 kg/ jam
= x 1205,8648 kkal/jam
46 kg /kmol
= 4737,1885 kkal/jam
Panas laten kondensasi (QCD)
Q = n x Hv
Dimana : n = kg mol komponen terkondensasi (kkal/kg)
Hv = entalpi kondensasi komponen (kkal/kg)
Metode perhitungan kondensasi komponen pada suhu 85˚C dihitung dengan
persamaan
N
1Tr 2 T
Hv=Hv [ ]
1Tr 1
dan Tn=
TC

Dimana :
n= TETAPAN (0,38)
Tr1= Suhu reduce komponen pada suhu terhitung
Tr2= Suhu reduce komponen pada titik didih normal
Hv1= Entalphi penguapan komponen pada titik didih normal
Hv2= entalphi penguapan komponen pada titik didih terhitung
Dari appendiks D engineering, volume 6,coulsn & Richardson’s diperoleh data
Komponen TBP0C TC0C HVAP kkal/kmol
Etanol 78,30 516,20 9261,83
air 100 647,30 9718,82

Panas penguapan masung-masing komponen pada suhu 850C:

Etanol :
T 78,30
Tr1 =
TC
= 516,20 = 0,1517
 T 85
Tr2 = =
TC 647,30
= 0,3113
0,38
1−0,1313
Hv = 9261,825 [
1−1517 ]
= 420375,13
2225,5284
Q etanol =
46
x8688,4478
= 420375,13

Air :
T 100
Tr1= =
TC 647,30
= 0,1517
T 85
Tr2 = =
TC 647,30
= 0,3113
0,38
1−0,1313
Hv= 9718,825 [ 1−1517 ]
=9115,052

Jadi
47,5514
Q Air=
18
x9115,0521
= 24079,613
QCD = Qet + Qair
= 420375,13 + 24079,613
= 444454,7390 kkal/jam
Kebutuhan air pendingin (Md)
Sebagai pendingin digunakan air :
Suhu air masuk = 280C
Suhu air keluar = 400C
QCD
Md =
Cpx T
444454,7390
= 1 ( 40−28 ) C
 444454,7390
= 12

=37037,8949 kg/ jam

Beban pans reboiler :
Neraca massa Destilasi
QF + QRB = QD + QB + QCD
QRB = (QD + QB + QCD)-QF
= (3799,8668 + 5301,2270+44454,74 – 33040,4758
= 453555,8329 – 33040,758
= 420515,3570 kkal/jam
Kebutuhan steam (Ms)
Temperature steam yang digunakan = 2500C
 = 409,8231 kkal/kg
QRB
Ms =
❑
420515,4
=
409,823
=1026,090 kg/jam
Menara destilasi
Panas masuk Panas keluar
(kkal/jam) (kkal/jam)
Q etanol = 19154,4659 QB = 5301,2270
Q H2Q = 13886,01 QD = 3799,8668
Q RB = 420515,36 QCD = 444454,7390
Total = 453555,8329 Total = 453555,8329

5. COOLER - 01 28˚C

98˚C Cooler-01
30˚C

40˚C
 A. Panas yang masuk ke cooler = panas yang keluar di destilat
Q in = 3799,8668 kkal/jam
B. Panas keluar cooler
Treff = 250C
Tout = 300C
30
Qet = m∫ cpdt
25

30
−1 −5 −9 2
=234278∫ ( 9,014+ 2,1407.10 T −8,390. 10 +1,3733.10 T ) dt
25

2,1407.10−1 2 2 8,3901.10−5 3 3
= 23,4278(9,04141(30-25)+ (30 -25 ) (30 -25 )+
2 3

1.3733.10−9 4 4
(30 -25 )
4
= 445,1257(45,0700+29,4346-0,3181+0,0001
= 445,1257 kg/jam x 74,1866 kj/kmol
445,1257 kg / jam
= x 17,7226 kkal/kmol
46 kg / jam
= 564171,4949 kkal/jam
30

Air = m ∫ cpdt
25

30
−3 −5 2 −9 3
=9,5103 ∫ ( 32,243+1,9238. 10 T +1,0555.10 T −3,596. 10 T ) dt
25

1,9238.10−1 2 2 1,0555.10−5
= 9,5103 (32,243(30-25)+ (30 -25 )-
2 3
(304-254)
= 9,5103 (161,215+0,2645-0,0400-0,0400)
45103 kg / jam
= x 38,5856 kkal/kmol
46 kg / jam
= 7,9774 kkal/jam
Total Qout destilasi :
= Qetanol + Qair
 = 171,4949 + 7,9774
= 179,4723 kkal/jam
C. Beban panas pendingin (Qp)
Qp =Qin- Qout
=3799,8668 – 179,4723
= 3620,3945 kkal/jam
D.jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan
Qp
Mp =
Cp. T
3620,3945 kkal/ jam
=
1 kkal . jam(40−28)
= 301,6995 kg/jam

Neraca pana total tangki cooler-01

Panas masuk Panas keluar
Kkal/jam Kkal/jam
Panas masuk Qin Panas sensible keluar Qout
Q etanol = 3683,0332 Q etanol = 171,4949
Q H2O = 116,83 Q H2O = 7,9774
QP = 3620,3945
Total = 3799,8668 Total = 3799,8668

COOLER- 02
A. Panas yang masuk ke cooler= pans yang keluar di destilat
Qin = 5301,2270 kkal/jam
Treff= 250C
Tout = 300C
30

Qet =m∫ cpdt

25
 30
−1 −5 2 −9 3
= 234278∫ ( 9,014+ 2,1407.10 −8,390.10 T +1,3733.10 T ) dt
25

2,1407.10−1 2 2 8,3901.10−5 3 3
=23,4278(9,014(30-25)+ (30 -25 )- (30 -25 )+
2 3

1,3733.10−9 4 4
(30 -25 )
4
=23,4278(45,0700+29,4346-0,3181+0,0001
=23,4278 kg/jam x74,18866kj/kmo
23,4278 kg/ jam
= x 17,7226 kkal/kmol
46 kg / kmol
= 9,0261 kkal/jam
30
QAir =m∫ cpdt
25

30

=180,7090∫ ¿ ¿)dt
25

1,9238.10−1 2 2 1,0555.10−5 3 3
=180,7090(32,243(30-25)+ (30 -25 )- (30 -25 )+
2 3

3,596.10−9 4 4
(30 -25 )
4
=180,7090(161,215+0,2645-0,0400-0,0400)
=180,7090 kg/jam x 161,5192 kj/kmol
=151,5817 kkal/jam
Total Out :
= Qetanol + Qair
= 9,0261 + 151,5817
160,6078 kkal/jam
C. Beban panas pendingin (Qp)
Qp = Qin- Qout
=5301,2270-160,6078
=5140,6192 kkal/jam
D. Jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan
 Qp
Mp =
Cp. T
5140,6192kkal / jam
=
1 kkal. jam(40−28)
= 428,3849 kg/ jam
Neraca panas total tangki cooler-02
Panas masuk Panas keluar
Kkal/jam Kkal/jam
Panas masuk Qin Panas sensible Qout
Q etanol = 564,0385 Q etanol = 9,0261
Q H2O = 4737,19 Q H2O = 151,5817
QP = 5740,6192
Total = 5301,2270 Total = 5301,2270