V

This is the most

important
The Different Usages (forms) for ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬and ‫ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬
Lesson for
speaking! With Verbs, you speak about yourself or someone else; or

to someone else, both or all; either masculine or feminine.

ُ ‫ص َر – َي ْن‬
‫ص ُر‬ َ ‫َن‬
gave victory to
‫ماضي‬ ‫مُضارع‬
• silence ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ • use ‫ ﺃ‬from ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﱢﻢ‬ • add ‫ﺗﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶﺃ‬ • silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ I

The speaker • silence ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ • use ‫ ﹶﻥ‬from ‫ﺖ‬

 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬

• add ‫ﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻧـ‬ • silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ We

• silence ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ • use ‫ﺕ‬

 from ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎ ﹶﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗـ‬
You
1 male
• add ‫ﺕ‬
 • silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
• silence ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ • use ‫ﺕ‬
 from ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
The one ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹺﺮﻳ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗـ‬ • silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ You
• add ‫ﺕ‬

spoken to • add ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ ﻳ‬at the end
1 female

• silence ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ • use ‫ﺕ‬

 from ‫ﺖ‬  ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺃﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬‫ﻨﺼ‬‫ﺗـ‬
You
(both)
• add ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬ • silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
2 m/f
• add ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ ﺍ‬at the end
• silence ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ • use ‫ﺕ‬
 from ‫ﺖ‬  ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬ the
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺃﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗـ‬
You
(all)
• add ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ • silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ same
3+ m
• add ‫ ﻭ ﹶﻥ‬at the end form
• silence ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ • use ‫ﺕ‬
 from ‫ﺖ‬  ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗـ‬
You
was
• silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ (all)
• add ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ 3+ f used
• add ‫ ﹶﻥ‬at the end
-- as is -- • use ‫ﻱ‬
 from ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳـ‬
He
• silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ 1 male

• use ‫ﺕ‬
 from ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
The one spoken • add ‫ﺘ ﹾﺄﻧﹺﻴﺚ‬‫ﺗﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗـ‬
She
1 female
• silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
about
• use ‫ﻱ‬
 from ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
(may be absent or • add ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻒ ﺍ ﹸﳌﹶﺜﻨ‬‫ﺃﻟ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬‫ﻨﺼ‬‫ﻳـ‬
They
(two
• silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
present but not men)
directly spoken to) ‫ﳘﺎ‬ • add ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ ﺍ‬at the end
• use ‫ﺕ‬
 from ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
rd
Benefit: the ‫ الف‬of the 3 form • add ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺮﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬‫ﻨﺼ‬‫ﺗـ‬ • silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
They
(two
(‫ )ھم‬is not pronounced, though it female)
• add ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ ﺍ‬at the end
must be written. It is called ‫ألف‬
• give ‫ ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬a ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬ • use ‫ﻱ‬
 from ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
‫ﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﻨﺼ‬‫ﻳـ‬
‫الوقاية‬ They
ِ (the alif of protection), to
protect verbs like ‫( أ َخ ُذوا‬they took) • add ‫ﻭﺍﻭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ • silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ (all)
where the ‫ و‬is not joined to the 3+ m
• add ‫ ﻭ ﹶﻥ‬at the end
body of the verb & may be
• silence ‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ • use ‫ﻱ‬
 from ‫ﺖ‬
 ‫ﺃﻧﻴﻴ‬
‫ﺮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺼ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳـ‬
They
mistaken for the conjunction ‫و‬
• silence ‫ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ (all)
meaning ‘and’. • Add ‫ﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﹺﺴﻮﺓ‬‫ﻧ‬ 3+ f
• add ‫ ﹶﻥ‬at the end

Observations:
• extra letters are only added to the end of ‫ماضي‬
• extra letters may be added to the beginning and end of ‫مضارع‬
• ِ ‫ َتـ ْنص‬is used in the dual form for ‫ المخاطب‬and ‫ الغائب‬in the ‫مُضارع‬
‫ُران‬
• ُ ‫ َتـ ْن‬is used for ‫ المخاطب‬1 male and ‫ الغئبة‬1 female
‫ص ُر‬ My notes in Sarf – Bintu Jose as-Salafiyyah # 11