Week 6. Transformasi Impedansi. Impedansi Masukan. Transformator λ - 2. Impendasi masukan rangkaian Short dan open
Week 6. Transformasi Impedansi. Impedansi Masukan. Transformator λ - 2. Impendasi masukan rangkaian Short dan open
Transformasi Impedansi
p
Impedansi Masukan
Transformator λ/4
Transformator λ/2
1
Pada bagian yang lalu (modul 4) :
f kt refleksi
faktor fl k i ditransformasikan
dit f ik dengan
d l
saluran t i i
transmisi
Γ(d ) = r ⋅ e − j 2 β d
r adalah faktor transmisi pada ujung akhir saluran, dan Γ(d) faktor
refleksi pada jarak d dari ujung akhir saluran.
Ia Ib
Va Z, γ, L Vb
Va = Ve ⋅ cosh (γ ⋅ L ) + Z ⋅ I e ⋅ sinh (γ ⋅ L )
I a = I e ⋅ cosh (γ ⋅ L ) + ⋅ sinh (γ ⋅ L )
Ve
Z
Va Z, γ, L Vb ZL
Z L + Z ⋅ tanh (γ ⋅ L )
Z in = Z ⋅
Z + Z L ⋅ tanh (γ ⋅ L )
dengan γ = α + jβ
tanh (α ⋅ L ) + j tan (β ⋅ L )
tanh (γ ⋅ L ) =
1 + j tanh (α ⋅ L ) tan (β ⋅ L )
Mudrik Alaydrus, Univ. Mercu Buana, 2008 Presentasi 6 6.4
Loss-less: α= 0 tanh (γ ⋅ L ) = tanh ( jβ ⋅ L ) = j tan (β ⋅ L )
t (β ⋅ L )
Z L + jZ ⋅ tan
Z in = Z ⋅
Z + jZ L ⋅ tan (β ⋅ L )
jika kabel yang digunakan sangat panjang, atau jika kerugiannya sangat besar
α ⋅ L >> 1 ⇒ tan(α ⋅ L ) ≈ 1
1 + j tan (β ⋅ L )
tanh (γ ⋅ L ) ≈ =1
1 + tan (β ⋅ L )
Sehingga impedansi masukan menjadi Z in ≈ Z
Z ⋅ (1 + δ ) + Z ⋅ tanh (γ ⋅ L ) (1 + δ ) + tanh (γ ⋅ L )
Z in = Z ⋅ =Z⋅
Z + Z ⋅ (1 + δ ) ⋅ tanh (γ ⋅ L ) 1 + (1 + δ ) ⋅ tanh (γ ⋅ L )
δ
1+
1 + tanh (γ ⋅ L ) + δ 1 + tanh (γ ⋅ L )
Z ini = Z ⋅ =Z⋅
1 + tanh (γ ⋅ L ) + δ ⋅ tanh (γ ⋅ L ) δ ⋅ tanh (γ ⋅ L )
1+
1 + tanh (γ ⋅ L )
1
dengan deret Taylor ≈ 1− x dengan x << 1
1+ x
⎛ 1 − tanh (γ ⋅ L ) ⎞
Z in = Z ⋅ ⎜⎜1 + δ ⋅ ⎟⎟
⎝ 1 + tanh (γ ⋅ L ) ⎠
dengan eksponensial (
Z in = Z ⋅ 1 + δ ⋅ e −2α ⋅L ⋅ e − j 2 β ⋅L )
Jadi deviasi impedansi masukan dari impedansi gelombang berbanding
lurus dengan deviasi impedansi beban terhadap impedansi gelombang,
dan juga seberapa kuat redaman
Solusi:
Z L + Z ⋅ tanh(γ ⋅ L )
Z in = Z ⋅
Z + Z L ⋅ tanh(γ ⋅ L )
Dengan
e ga menghitung
e g u g faktor
a o refleksi
e e s pada input
pu sa
saluran,
ua ,
Z in − Z 38,3176 + j16,8619 − 50
r= = = -0.0925 + j0.2086
Z in + Z 38,3176 + j16,8619 + 50
2π λ π
β ⋅L = ⋅ = ⇒ tan (β ⋅ L ) → ∞
λ 4 2
impedansi masukan menjadi
Z L + jZ ⋅ tan (β ⋅ L ) jZ ⋅ tan (β ⋅ L ) Z 2
Z in = Z ⋅ =Z⋅ =
Z + jZ L ⋅ tan (β ⋅ L ) jZ L ⋅ tan (β ⋅ L ) Z L
Jika pada ujung akhir dipasang beban riil ZL=RL
Z = R L ⋅ Rin
Solusi:
Jika beban di atas langsung dihubungkan dengan saluran transmisi
Z = 75 Ω, akan didapatkan faktor refleksi r =(40-75)/(40+75)= -0.3043,
yang konstant terhadap frekuensi.
Dengan b
D bantuan transformator
f λ/4
/4 pada
d frekuensi
f k i 400 MH
MHz (j
(jadi
di panjang
j
saluran transmisi L = 18,75 cm, akan terjadi matching jika impedansi
gelombang transformator sebesar
Z in = Z T ⋅
Z L + jZ T ⋅ tan (β ⋅ L )
= 54,77
(
40 + j 54,77 tan 2π 350 ⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 0,1875 / 3 ⋅ 10 8 )
Z T + jZ L ⋅ tan (β ⋅ L ) (
54,77 + j 40 tan 2π 350 ⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 0,1875 / 3 ⋅ 10 8 )
Zin= 72.5772 + jj8.8728 Ω r = -0.0128 + jj0.0609
0.2
0.15
01
0.1
0.05
0
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Z in = Z L
Z S = Z ⋅ tanh (γ ⋅ L )
Loss-less Z S = jZ ⋅ tan (β ⋅ L )
Z O = Z ⋅ coth (γ ⋅ L )
Loss-less Z O = − jZ ⋅ cot (β ⋅ L )