Introduction to Control Systems

(I)
Characteristics and Configurations

Engr. Abbas Abbasi

Course Info

Text book:

Control systems Engineering (4th Ed.) By Norman S. Nise

Course Material:

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/controlsystemsabbasi
 What is a control system?

Can you guess what is being

An iron is a controlled by this system?
“System”
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An iron is used to control
“Temperature” of the lower Can you explain how an
plate iron controls temperature?
Let’s try to explain

Desired temperature
(input)
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t o e d it
Secon M
d leve aster text
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level
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Fourth Temperature control element
level
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Actual temperature evel
(output)

Desired + Temperature Actual

temperatu - controller temperatur
re e
What about a toaster?

Can toaster control the A toaster has no control over

output temperature? the output temperature. The
output temperature can
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damage the bread.

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Desired System Actual

temperature temperature
Now sketch the block diagram of the following
system

Desired pressure (input or

set-point) Pressure relieve valve
(Pressure control
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element)
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Actual pressure
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Desired + Pressure Actual

pressure - controller pressure
What is a control system?

A control system consists of subsystems and processes assembled to control

the outputs
Control systems in our body

Blood pressure control system

Body temperature control system

Blood sugar control system

Movement control system

Body fats control system

Thirst control system

Hunger control system

------------More----------?

Its your turn now. Enumerate any three natural

control systems
 Control systems are everywhere!
Electrical Engineering Power Generation, Power Distribution, Load Management, SCADA, DCS, ECS

Tracking Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Electronic Controllers, Logic

Electronic Engineering
Controllers, PID Controllers
Mechatronic Engineering Robotics, PLCs, Automation, Modern Sensor Netwroks
Welding, Assembling, Parts Dispensing, Manufacturing Plants, Vessel and
Mechanical Engineering
Column Design, Turbine systems, Modern Engine Design
Industrial Engineering Textile, Sugar, Paper, Fertilizer, Petrochemical, Chemical, Pharmaceutical

Civil Engineering Elevator Design, Material Quality Control systems, High Profile Buildings

Chemical Engineering pH control, Temperature, Pressure, Level, Flow, Composition, Ratio Control
Control
Systems Auto Engineering Vehicle Engineering, Assembling Plants, Robots Manufacturing Products

Aeronautical Engineering Spacecraft and aircraft design,, Air Traffic Control

Space Engineering Satellite Design and Control, Space Shuttles, Mars Rover, Space Exploration

Biomedical Engineering Artificial Organs i.e Legs, Arms, Pancreas, Oxygen Control, etc.
Project Management with available resources and Time, Product marketing and
Business
sale control, Banking and Finces Control systems
Economics Supply and Demand Control, Exports and Imports Control, Stock Market etc.

Mood Control, Drive Control systems, Reflex Control, Anxiety and Depression
Psychology
Control
Examples: Space Shuttle

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Example: Mars Rover

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Examples: Self Guided Cart

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Examples: Robotics
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Examples: Prosthetic Arms & Legs
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Examples: Artificial Pancreas

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Examples: Weight Balancing

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Examples: Elevators

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Examples: Industrial Control

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Examples: Batch Control

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Open Loop system block diagram

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Examples: Features:
1. Washing Machine 1. Such systems cannot compensate for
2. Toaster disturbances
3. Time Bomb 2. They are commanded by the input
3. System is insensitive to the output and
inaccurate
 Closed loop system block diagram

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Examples: Features:
1. Air conditioner 1. Such systems can compensate for
2. Thread width controller in yarn disturbances
factory 2. They are commanded by the difference
3. Unmanned Aircraft between input and output
3. The are sensitive to outputs and accurate
Sketching block diagrams

Identify the followings

Inputs

Input transducer

Output or controlled variable

Output transducer

Feedback element

Actuator

Controller

Disturbances

Complete the block diagram

Example 1

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Example 2

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Let’s sketch the block diagram
Input Roll Angle

Input transducer  Pilot handles

Output  Roll Angle

Output Transducer  Gyro

Actuator  ailerons

Controller  Aircraft Roll Controller

Example 3
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Block Diagram
Input  Speed

Input Transducer  Speed to voltage converter

Output  Speed

Output Transducer  Speed sensor

Actuator  Motor

Controller  Motor Drive system

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Thank You