STUDY SHEET

UNIT 4 and 5: ANIMALS - VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE

1. THE CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS

• The skeleton: Vertebrates have a skeleton.
Invertebrates do not have a skeleton.
• The way animals are born : Viviparous are born from their mother’s womb.
Oviparous are born from eggs.
• The food they eat.: Some eat meat, some eat plants and some eat meat and plants.
• The way animals move: Some walk, some fly, some swim and some crawl.

2. ANIMALS AND FOOD

• Herbivores eat plants. (leaves, roots and fruit)
They have special teeth to cut and chew plants.
•• Carnivores eat other animals.
They have sharp teeth and have excellent eyesight.
• Omnivores eat plants and other animals.

3. HOW ANIMALS ARE BORN

• Oviparous are born from eggs.
• Viviparous are born live. They drink their mother’s milk.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES
mammals – birds – reptiles – amphibians - fish

5. ANIMAL SKELETONS
Vertebrates are animals with a skeleton. The skeleton is made up of bones. The bones are
joined together to hold the body up. They protect it.
All vertebrates have a spinal column.

6. VERTEBRATE BODIES
• head. The skull protects the head.
• trunk. The spinal column, ribs, shoulders and hips
• limbs. Some have legs. Others wings or fins. Snakes, have no limbs.
• tail. This is an extension of the spinal column.

7. MAMMALS and BIRDS

ANIMAL Depending on Depending on the way They Their body is How do they
the SKELETON they ARE BORN BREATHE... covered by... MOVE?
MAMMAL vertebrate viviparous air Hair Walk, swim
aquatic: bare skin and bats fly
BIRD vertebrate Oviparous air feathers Fly, swim and
walk
8. HOW INVERTEBRATES PROTECT THEIR BODIES
• Shells are hard and strong.
• Exoskeletons can be thick or thin.
• Some, like jellyfish and worms, have no protective covering.

9. INSECTS
An insect has three parts to its body.
• head has a mouth, two eyes and two antennae.
• thorax has wings and legs.
Most insects have wings.
All insects have six legs.
• abdomen is joined to the thorax.

10. INSECT LIFE

Insects are born from eggs.
Young insects are called larvae.
Some larvae are caterpillars. They have no wings or antennae.
• They breathe air.
• Some insects, like butterflies, are herbivores.
Other insects, like dragonflies, are carnivores.
Others, like flies, are omnivores.
• Insects with wings fly or walk.
Insects without wings walk.