 Student Information

 09D02021 -- Himanshu Jain

 09002011 -- Kishor Jadhawar
 09002022 -- Tanuj Khandelwal
 09002034 -- Saurabh Gupta
 09002047 -- Vaibhav Chaudhary
 09D02024 -- Sahil Narang
 06D02021—Avinash

 Date of Performing Experiment : 12th Jan 2011

 Date of presentation : 17th Jan 2011
 To have an idea of nature of interaction between the
molecules of liquid in a binary system.

 Determination of heat capacities that are further used

in calculation of Heat of Reaction of chemical
processes.

 Calculation of heat of mixing of a binary system.

 Estimation of Partial Molar Enthalpy.

 To determine the variation of heat of mixing with the

mole fraction of the components.
 To determine the heat of mixing of the
two liquids

 To determine the partial molar enthalpies

of each component in a mixture
 Basic principle:

The basic principle involved in this experiment is

Heat/Energy balance i.e the amount of heat
supplied to the system is equal to the amount
of heat required to raise the temperature of the
system by a particular amount.
Q = mcp (T2-T1)
We use adiabatic system so that there is no heat
exchange from the surroundings.
 • Fill the calorimeter with 150 ml of distilled water and heat it till its
temperature rises to 2 degree and note the time ,final equilibrium temperature ,
1) initial temperature , average voltmeter and ammeter reading

• Replace water with acetone and do the same.

2)

• Mix acetone and water such that the mole fraction of acetone is .2 .Continue
stirring the mixture and note down the steady state temperature
3)

• Heat the mixture so that the temperature rises to about 2 degree and note down
the final temperature,average ammeter and voltmeter reading
4)

• Repeat the step 3 and 4 for mole fraction of .4,.6,.8.

5)
 • Calculate the water equivalent of the calorimeter by equation
• Q=IVt & IVt=mCp(T2-T1)+K(T2-T1)
1)

• Calculate the Heat Capacity of Acetone and the mixture (Cpm) using the
same equations.
2)

• Calculate the Heat of Mixing of Distilled Water and Acetone by equation

• (delta)hm=Q/(n1+n2)
3)

• Calculate the partial molar enthalpy at x1=0.5 at infinite dilution by equation

• H1=(delta)hm +x2*(delta)hm/dx1 &
4) • H2=(delta)hm –x1*(delta)hm/dx1
Mixture Observed Theorotical Absolute %error
value value error

1 3.71 3.97 .26 6.55

2 3.46 3.39 .07 2.06

3 2.82 2.64 .18 6.82

4 2.26 1.78 .48 26.97

Table 1:Determination of Water Equivalent of Calorimeter

Sr No Measurement Trial1 Trial2

1 Weight of water(gm) 150 150

2 Initial Temperature Ti(oC) 28.5 28.7

3 Final Temperature Tf(oC) 31.3 31.2

4 ΔT(oC) 2.8 2.5

5 Time Taken t(sec) 166.71 145

6 Average Ammeter reading I(Amp) .801 .801

7 Average Voltmeter reading V(Volt) 15.15 15.2

Sr.No. Measurement Mix-1 Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4

1 Mole Fraction of component 1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

2 Weight of component 1(gm) 58.64 75.04 99.14 111.23

3 Weight of component 2(gm) 75.77 55.00 24.50 9.20

4 Initial Temperature Ti(oC) 29.1 26.4 26.6 25.8

5 Final Temperature Tf(oC) 35.2 32.5 26.8 24.2

6 ΔT(oC) 6.1 6.1 0.2 -1.6

Sr Measurement Pure Mix-1 Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4 Pure
No. comp 1 comp2

1 Initial Temperature Ti 26.1 35.2 32.5 26.8 24.2 28.5

(0C)
2 Final Temperature Tf 29.4 37.8 35.1 29.9 27.5 31.3
(0C)
3 ΔT (0C) 3.3 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.3 2.8

4 Time Taken t (sec) 79.24 132.66 112.65 105.02 80.71 166.71

5 Average Ammeter 0.802 0.804 0.804 0.804 0.802 0.801

Reading I (Amp)

6 Average Voltmeter 15.30 15.15 15.15 15.20 15.30 15.15

Reading V (Volt)
Sr.N Measurement Mix-1 Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4
o.
1 Mole Fraction Of Acetone 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

2 No. of moles of Acetone 1.01 1.29 1.72 1.92

3 No.of moles of water 4.21 3.06 1.36 0.51

4 Calculated Cpmby using Cp of 3.71 3.46 2.82 2.26

water and Acetone

5 Calculated Cpmby using 3.97 3.39 2.64 1.78

Table 3
Sr.n Measurement Mix-1 Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4
o.
1 Mole Fraction Of 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Acetone
2 Heat of Mixing -725.41 -740.79 -26.95 +197.12
(J/mol)
Δhm verses mole fraction of acetone

400

H = -10779x3 + 17775x2 - 7016.4x + 8.2589

200

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

-200 Series1
Log. (Series1)
Poly. (Series1)
-400

-600

-800

-1000
 The heat of mixing is coming out to be negative
for the mixtures with mol fraction (.2,.4,.6) of
acetone which means the reaction is exothermic.

 The heat of mixing is coming out to be positive

when there is large amount of acetone in the
mixture and that means that the reaction is
exothermic.

 The value of the heat capacity decreases as the

amount of acetone increases in the mixture as the
heat capacity of acetone is less as compared to
that of water.
 For measuring initial temperature of the
solution, first take the component which is
more in volume.

 Use clean and dry measuring cylinders for

preparing the binary mixture for every set of
experiment.

 The solution should be kept covered at all

times as the components are volatile.

 Stirring should be done properly and only by

holding the insulation on it.
 Major Error in the temperature sensor. It fluctuated a lot
and posed severe problems in measurements.

 Improper insulation of the calorimeter.

 No proper procedure of pouring the liquids in the

calorimeter.

 Constant fluctuation in voltmeter and ammeter readings.

 Insufficient length of the thermocouple.

 Human/measurement errors