Greenhouse

Greenhouse horticulture
...TNO’s role in the market
Greenhouse Horticulture
Contents
• Greenhouse horticulture in the Netherlands
• Activities of TNO in the Greenhouse Horticulture
• Field lab Horticulture
• Issues in horticulture
• Examples of projects
2 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

Horticulture in the Netherlands - figures
• Total turnover horticulture sector 40 mrd EUR

• 600.000 people employed
• 10500 ha glasshouses in the Netherlands
• Most companies are SME
• Technological driven sector
• Greenhouse builders’ export share approx 40%
• The Netherlands are world leading in:
• Glasshouses and technological installations
• High production horticulture
• Infrastructure and logistics

Horticulture in the Netherlands - Issues
• Problems in the sector:

• Increasing costs of natural gas
• Increasing costs of work
• Increasing ground prices
• Survival of the Dutch sector by innovations in the field of:
• Added value in products
• Efficient energy use greenhouses
• Reduction of Work, mechanization
• Import of components
• “Open Innovation” with complementary SME’s

Greenhouse horticulture – mission TNO
TNO makes knowledge from various disciplines both inside
and outside the horticultural/market gardening sector usable
to improve the competitive edge and the innovative character
of the greenhouse horticulture industry.

Greenhouse horticulture - TNO technologies
Agro logistics (BenO)
• Logistic processes in greenhouse, and auction
• Logistic strategy (Supply Chain Management)
• Product distribution networks
Compact Greenhouse horticulture (IenT, DenV)

• Inspection technologies (eg. 3D vision)
• Sensors and control (eg. Röntgen)
• Multi layer growing systems and robotics
CO2 techniques (BenO, IenT)

• Production and cleaning of CO2
• Storage systems
• Transport en CO2 supply in the greenhouse
Daylight and artificial lighting (BenO, IenT)

• Greenhouse cladding materials
• Efficient lighting techniques, LED
• Light transmission of greenhouse structure
Energy-efficient climate conditioning (BenO, IenT)

• Application of heat pumps
• Refrigeration techniques, moisture control and modeling
• (Semi) closed greenhouses

Greenhouse horticulture - TNO technologies (2)
ICT in greenhouse and supply chain (ICT, IenT)
• (wireless) data communication and infrastructure
• Sensor networks and technology
• Information exchange in the supply chain based on standards
Greenhouse construction (BenO)

• Engineering of greenhouses, innovative materials and joints
• Structural testing
• Computer program CASTA/Greenhouses
Work (KvL)
• Ergonomics and physical strain
• Health and safety at work
• HR policy and health and safety management, Social innovation
Applied plant research (Fytagoras BV)

• Cultivar design
• Seed physiology
• Roots and their environment
Water supply chain (BenO)

• Water quality (sensors)
• Separation techniques
• Water storage systems

Greenhouse horticulture – Contact
Account manager egon.janssen@tno.nl

Agro logistics hein.vanrijswijck@tno.nl
Compact greenhouse horticulture: jan.smits@tno.nl
CO2 techniques lodewijk.nell@tno.nl
Daylight and artificial lighting jan.smits@tno.nl
Energy efficient climate conditioning roel.brand@tno.nl
ICT in greenhouse and supply chain nathalie.vanschie@tno.nl
Greenhouse construction hans.thart@tno.nl
Work dirk.osinga@tno.nl
Water supply chain albert.jansen@tno.nl
www.tno.nl/glastuinbouw
Info-glastuinbouw@tno.nl
Greenhouse horticulture – Customers of TNO
• Growers
• Greenhouse builders, suppliers
• Collectives (growers associations, AVAG, PT
• Advisors
• Auctions, transport companies
• Insurance companies, banks

Greenhouse horticulture – Role of TNO
National:
1. Integrator of technological knowledge to help the growers
innovate
2. Application of knowledge in cooperation with companies, from
IP to market introduction
3. Building consortia (both pre- and competitive)
4. R&D partner for selected suppliers
5. Knowledge transfer to SME Æ Field lab
6. Independent test institute
International:
1. Help Dutch companies to export better products
2. Scouting for new technologies / partnering with complementary
research institutes

Field lab horticulture
• Located at “Demonstration greenhouse Metazet”

• 8 units, 180 m2 each, suitable for demonstration/testing
• School facility, mechanical workshop, meeting rooms and office
• September 10th 2008 official opening by minister van der Hoeven

Field lab horticulture - partners
• Fytagoras
• Applied plant research
• Spin out company of TNO
• DLV Plant
• Plant related research
• Inholland University
• Cooperation between TNO research and Bsc program
• Student internships in Field lab
• Demonstration greenhouse Metazet

Field lab horticulture - Open innovation practice
• Open innovation: grower, supplier, research and university
• a facility located in the Westland area, where growers can

discuss the R&D needs
• Testing in demonstration greenhouse to reduce financial risks
• Demonstration of technical solutions co-developed by TNO
• Market place for growers to discuss their ideas, together with

TNO and suppliers

TNO Technologies
1. Agro logistics
2. Compact greenhouse horticulture
3. CO2 techniques
4. Daylight and artificial lighting
5. Energy efficient climate conditioning
6. ICT in greenhouse and supply chain
7. Greenhouse construction
8. Work
9. Water supply chain

Agro logistics

Supply Chain Management
Client
Auction Aalsmeer, the Netherlands (VBA)
Description
Strategic advice concerning VBA’s logistic process.
Calculation of quantitative and qualitative effects
due to changing mondial market
Result
Strategic advice how to react to the changing
market
TNO’s rol
Advisor logistic strategy

Optimalisation logistic networks (RESPONSE™)
Client
The Greenery
Description
Design of European logistic network for food and
flowers
Result
Optimised logistic structure and practical approach
how to reach the desired situation
TNO’s role
Calculation of logistic network with TNO’s
RESPONSE™ model tool, translation results into
practical advise

Logistical process optimisation
Client
Terberg Machines, the Netherlands
Description
Scan of logistical processes. Central question: how
design new logistical processes that fit’s to the
future situation
Result
Determination of logistical processes and bottle
necks. Advice concerning stock strategy, reduction
of process time, logistical organisation and
production lay-out.
TNO’s role
Thorough analysis of Process and bottle necks,
practical advice

Information exchange in the flowering chain
U
FloraMatch Transport klussenbak Order status informatie
3
Client
Ten companies: growers,trading companies,
ICT companies
Sierteeltbarometer
Description
To grow flowers in a demand driven way the growers need more insight L
in the complete supply chain and how to determine the future demand
of flowers.
Result
TNO designed a ICT system where the stakeholders in the market can
exchange data.
TNO’s role
Design of the information management system based on a process
analysis, financial feasibility and compatibility to existing standards and
interfaces

Compact greenhouse horticulture

Greenhouse in Space
Customer
ESA.
Description
Feasibility study into a Food Production Unit
suitable for future manned space missions to
Mars.
Result
Understanding of the scale, weight and energy
consumption of an autonomous FPU.
TNO’s role
Translation of “menu“ into a schedule of
requirements for the FPU.
Design of the FPU.
Modification of the FPU for use on Mars.

Tulip batcher
Customer
Consortium of 10 tulip growers, Bercomex.
Description
Batching tulips is labour-intensive work, requiring extreme
precision. The aim is to design a machine which can
produce a batch (in which all the buds/flower heads vary
by a maximum of 10 mm) every 2.5 seconds.
Result
Introduction to the market is scheduled shortly.
TNO’s role
TNO developed the concept for the system and test
arrangements for the main functions of the machine,
including the in-feed and batching system, and the
inspection module which monitors the length of the
individual tulip stems.
Pepper training robot
Customer
Consortium of pepper growers, PRIVA
Description
Pepper plants are trained along a wire for support. This
is currently done by hand, 12 – 14 times per year. The
aim is to develop a robot to do this mechanically.
Result
The preliminary study having been successfully finished,
the project is now in the feasibility stage.
TNO’s role
Administering the project and developing the vision
system that guides the robot in laying the wire for
training, without damaging the plant (3D-vision).

Vine tomato picker
Customer
Internal.
Description
The project is aimed at the essential factors involved in
successful mechanical picking of tomatoes and vine
tomatoes: seeking out harvestable vines, determining
the cutting point (3D-vision) and the actual
cutting/removal of the vine.
Result
An initial functional model is being tested in the
greenhouse.
TNO’s role
Development of the demonstrator model and initiating a
form of collaboration.

Mushroom harvesting
Customer
Mushroom grower.
Description
Class I mushrooms are harvested selectively. In
order to economize on labour costs, the grower
is looking for a mechanical harvesting system.
Result
A functional model demonstrating the working of
the concept developed.
TNO’s role
TNO developed the concept for a picking
movement and designed the gripper and vision
system for selecting and picking prime
mushrooms.

Bulb-sorting equipment
Customer
Havatec B.V. (machine manufacturer).
Description
If it were possible to remove diseased or sick
bulbs during the sorting process, the quality of
the end product would be enhanced. This
system is suitable to seek out diseases that are
not outwardly visible.
Result
The machine is commercially available from
Havatec B.V.
TNO’s role
TNO developed an inspection system based on
X-ray technology.

X-ray sorting system for seeds
Customer
Internal.
9
Description
Using X-ray technology to show the inside of seeds, it
becomes possible to tell whether the seed in question
will grow into a strong, healthy plant. The machine’s
purpose is sorting out good and bad seeds. U
Result
A test arrangement demonstrating the principle of seed
selection using X-ray technology.
TNO’s role
TNO developed the X-ray system, which can make X-ray
pictures of seeds at high speed in high resolution.

CO2 techniques

Daylight and artificial lighting

Greenhouse light pollution
Customer
Horticultural Marketing Board, GLAMI.
Description
Light pollution is an unfortunate side-effect of the
increasing use of grow lights in greenhouses. By
establishing a dose/effect ratio, light pollution can be
quantified.
Result
Testing and modification of the policy pursued thus far in
relation to light pollution (covenant and strategic plan).
TNO’s role
• Measuring light emissions/pollution
• Considering the issues with policy makers and agencies
• Paving the way for companies which develop products
for combating light emissions
New light on growth
Customer
Market Gardening Board/Ministry of Agriculture, Nature
and Food Standards (LNV)/Lights Interaction.
Description
Improvement of efficiency of grow lights in greenhouses by
developing better light fittings/armatures and spreading
the same over the area in question more effectively.
Result
10% less energy consumption compared with current grow
lights.
TNO’s role
Measurements and modelling for grow lights in
greenhouses, using 3D ray-tracing technology.
Supporting the light fitting manufacturer at the
R&D stage.

The best greenhouse roof profile
Customer
and Food Standards (LNV).
Description
• Design procedure resulting in the best greenhouse roof
profile for diffuse light, taking into account the light
situation all year round
• Measurement method for calculating the angle of
transmission through covering material.
Result
Understanding of options for increasing light in alternative
greenhouse roof profiles and covering material.
TNO’s role
Implementation of 3D ray-tracing daylight studies.

LED lighting and control
• Aim: development of a LED lighting

system which applies wavelength
specific lighting based on crop activity
and light sensor feedback
• Status: preliminary design and first tests

in Fieldlab
• Fieldlab tests: currently small scale tests,

next autumn big scale testing
• Results: first commercial LED lighting

system available in 2009. Cofinanced
project by Ladon

Energy efficient climate conditioning

Energy III
Customer
and Food Standards (LNV).
Description
Clarification of energy performance of greenhouses. New
components, wide-roofed greenhouses, protection, anti-
insect gauze, alternative covering materials.
Result
The project will result in calculation tools that can be used
by suppliers to get the best energy efficiency from
greenhouses and for achieving green label points.
TNO’s role
Setting up calculation methods, transfer of know-how to
suppliers, implementation in green label programme.

Heat pumps feasibility
calculator
Customer
SenterNovem.
Description
Feasibility calculator to show individual market
gardeners the benefits of heat pumps.
Result
Design tool can be downloaded at:
www.warmtepompenindeglastuinbouw.nl
TNO’s role
Combine know-how into one calculation tool.

Innogrow closed greenhouse
Customer
Ecofys.
Description
Development of a closed greenhouse for an existing
installation design. Specifications to be considered:
no ventilation ports, curved profile. Integration of
emergency ventilation systems and roof-mounted
furrow irrigation.
Result
Optimized greenhouse construction for a closed
greenhouse.
TNO’s role
Development of the greenhouse design. Specification
of the profile in collaboration with the greenhouse
builder (Dalsem).

Quickscan Geothermal
heat
• Advise based on TNO’s
geological database
• Thorough research to set up
a risk analysis
• Advise regarding use of
geothermal heat in the
greenhouse energy system

ICT in greenhouse and supply chain

Sensiplant
Partner
Hoogendoorn (Growlab Instruments)
Aim
Watering plants is more difficult using Moving cultivation
systems. With a wireless moisture sensor network the grower
can monitor the root zone moisture.
Result
Hoogendoorn devleoped together with TNO Sensiplant. The
product is a commercial product of Hoogendoorn.
Role of TNO
Implementing the wireless communication technique and auto
arranging and setup of the network,

Multi-oxygen sensor in the greenhouse
Customer
Growlab, DLV.
Description
Multi-oxygen gauge for complete measurement and
control of a complete cultivation system.
Result
• Measurements in practice using oxygen in Rockwool,
and measurements of other greenhouse parameters.
• Data analysis, and optimization of a model to calculate
and probably predict the oxygen profile in Rockwool.
• Construction of prototype oxygen sensor software
(functional model)
• Other prototype software
TNO’s role
Measurements of oxygen and related parameters plus
creation of a model.

Phyto-monitoring “early warning system”
Correlation Map, Variables Regrouped by Similarity
Customer
Ch07 LDTV (stengeldiam.)

Horticultural Marketing Board.
Ch08 PT1000 (buistemp.)

Ch01 IR Bladtemperatuur
Ch04 Omgevingstemp.
Ch05 Omgevingstemp.
Ch09 Vruchttemp. (IR)
Ch10 Netto uitstraling
Ch11 substraat temp
MENGBAK niveau
AFD 1 BUIS temp
Ch12 Sapstroom
Raam zuid open
AFD 1 kastemp
Ch03 RV meter
gem EC substr
Description
Windsnelheid
VOCHT MAT
PLANTTemp
Buitentemp
Ch02 PAR
Ch06 CO2
STRALing
AFD 1 RV
Ch12 EC
beurt EC
DOEK 1
Phyto-monitoring.
CO2
Raam zuid open
Result VOCHT MAT
Buitentemp
STRALing
The development of an “early-warning system” Ch02 PAR
Ch10 Netto uitstraling
for the horticultural industry, based on Ch12 Sapstroom
AFD 1 kastemp
Ch01 IR Bladtemperatuur
warnings of abnormalities in the relationships Ch04 Omgevingstemp.
Ch11 substraat temp
Ch09 Vruchttemp. (IR)
between a large number of parameters which PLANTTemp
beurt EC
can be measured in the greenhouse. Ch05 Omgevingstemp.
Ch07 LDTV (stengeldiam.)
gem EC substr
Ch06 CO2
CO2
TNO’s role Ch12 EC
AFD 1 RV
Ch03 RV meter
Measurements of greenhouse parameters and DOEK 1
AFD 1 BUIS temp
modelling using a principal component Ch08 PT1000 (buistemp.)
MENGBAK niveau
Windsnelheid
analysis. Scale Gives Value of R for Each Variable Pair

Grow-Navigator
Customer
Van der Lans Tomaten, PRIVA.
Description
In an attempt to be in a better position to control the
process of cultivation there is a need, among growers,
for a system to control it better. That system must be
mechanical, objective and reproducible, while being able
to establish the situation of the plant.
Result
The project was started recently.
TNO’s role
Evaluating known and new sensor technology and
inspection methods.

Greenhouse construction

Calculation methods for greenhouse insulation
Customer
System suppliers workgroup.
Description
Working out and putting into practice constructional
requirements which greenhouse roofs must meet in
accordance with the appropriate standard.
Result
Simple method of optimizing new greenhouse roofs.
TNO’s role
Precise implementation of the requirements laid down
in NEN 3859, in collaboration with companies.
Inclusion of know-how in a set of calculation tools.
Maintenance contract to absorb new developments in
the software.

CASTA/greenhouse construction
Customer
STOREKA collective foundation.
Description
Development of calculation methods for the greenhouse
construction industry.
Result
Top-quality bespoke greenhouses.
Fair competition.
TNO’s role
Development of software and calculation
models.

Floating greenhouse
Customer
Ministry of Housing, Planning and the Environment
(VROM).
Description
Development of know-how in terms of greenhouse
construction on floating platforms.
Result
Requirements which greenhouses on floating surfaces
must meet, designs for floating platforms.
TNO’s role
Developer.

‘Greenhouse on stilts’
Customer
Ministry of Housing, Planning and the
Environment (VROM).
Description
Alternative design for water storage in combination with
greenhouses. Greenhouse construction on stilts with
floating floor.
Result
Low-cost alternative,
combining greenhouses
with peak storage for water.
TNO’s role
Developer.

Work

Assessment of exposure to pesticides
Customer
Ministerie van SZW (Ministry of Social Affairs and
Employment). Plaatjes/filmpjes
Description
Assessment of exposure to pesticides due to
spraying of various cultivars (cut flowers, bulbs,
fruit crops, trees and shrubs).
Result
A range of exposure models and options in relation
to health and safety.
TNO’s role
Measurements of the effect of various pesticides on
cultivars and skin.
Recommendations for proper working methods.

More intelligent glazing
Customer
Glazier’s trade association.
Description
From analysis of the problem to
deployment of new devices/tools.
Result
• Productivity increases due to economizing
on staff in the work process.
• Cost of acquisition of new resources can be earned back in
approx. one year, according to a study.
• By making industry-wide agreements and providing good
information, nearly 50% of companies will have one or more
device/tool in use.
TNO’s role
Inclusive consultative role with all involved plus contributions from
ergonomic expertise.
Importance of proper tools
Customer
Internationally operating vehicle glass repair
and replacement service.
Description
Evaluation of new working methods and tools
relating to productivity, ergonomics and
physical strain.
Result
Proof that working with new tools is more
effective and more healthy. Concrete, clear
recommendations for deployment of tools
and possible improvements to working
process.
TNO’s role
Measurements of physical strain and advice
on ergonomic working method.

Developing ergonomic tools
Customer
Tool manufacturer.
Description
Research into suitability of various pairs
of pliers for cutting/pruning various
materials.
Result
Sound advice for most suitable pair of
pliers and recommendations for
improvements to the basic design.
TNO’s role
User tests, both in the laboratory and in
practice, into comfort, ergonomic
aspects and strain on hand/arm.

Healthy ratio between work and rest
Customer
Break 1st pair Break 1st pair
Various studies commissioned by
assembly plants. Break 2nd pair Break 2nd pair
etc etc
Description
1. Research into extended working days. 5 min. 15 min. 30 min. 10 min. 10 min. 10 min.
2. Research into a healthy/productive
ratio between work and rest time.
Result
Understanding of effects on output, physical/mental fatigue, and pain
experienced in neck and shoulders.
Rotating break system and extra moments of rest mean satisfied
workers, fewer physical complaints and increased production.
TNO’s role
Setting up experiments and measuring the effects. Making firm
recommendations about the best configuration of the work/rest
regime.

Water supply chain

Gaasboxx
Client
Hewitech
description
Alternative water store concept
undder the greenhouse.
Possibilities for water and heat
storage
Result
Easy to use concept, without
concrete shell
Role of TNO
R&D partnership

Questions?
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Greenhouse horticulture

...TNO’s role in the market

• Greenhouse horticulture in the Netherlands

• Activities of TNO in the Greenhouse Horticulture

• Field lab Horticulture

2 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

• Total turnover horticulture sector 40 mrd EUR

3 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

• Problems in the sector:

4 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

TNO makes knowledge from various disciplines both inside

and outside the horticultural/market gardening sector usable

to improve the competitive edge and the innovative character

of the greenhouse horticulture industry.

5 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

Compact Greenhouse horticulture (IenT, DenV)

CO2 techniques (BenO, IenT)

Daylight and artificial lighting (BenO, IenT)

Energy-efficient climate conditioning (BenO, IenT)

6 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

Greenhouse construction (BenO)

Applied plant research (Fytagoras BV)

Water supply chain (BenO)

7 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

Account manager egon.janssen@tno.nl

9 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

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• Located at “Demonstration greenhouse Metazet”

11 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

• Demonstration greenhouse Metazet

12 Greenhouse Horticulture July 31 2008

• Open innovation: grower, supplier, research and university

• a facility located in the Westland area, where growers can

• Testing in demonstration greenhouse to reduce financial risks

• Demonstration of technical solutions co-developed by TNO

• Market place for growers to discuss their ideas, together with

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• Aim: development of a LED lighting

• Status: preliminary design and first tests

• Fieldlab tests: currently small scale tests,

• Results: first commercial LED lighting

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