acetabulum endochondral ossification

Cuplike cavity on lateral surface of the hip bone that Embryonic formation of bone by the replacement of
receives the femur. calcified cartilage; most skeletal bones are formed by this
acromegaly process.
is a hormonal disorder that results when the pituitary gland endosteum
produces excess growth hormone (hGH). Connective tissue membrane covering internal bone
appositional growth surfaces.
Growth accomplished by the addition of new layers onto epicondyles
those previously formed. larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle, is
axial directed a little backward; it gives attachment to the ulnar
Relating to the head, neck, and trunk; one of the two major collateral ligament of the elbow-joint
divisions of the body. epiphyseal plate
bony callus Plate of hyaline cartilage at the junction of the diaphysis
spongy bone created by fibrocartilaginous buildup during and epiphysis that provides for growth in length of a long
bone repair bone.
calcaneus epiphysis
the heel bone The end of a long bone, attached to the shaft.
calcitonin (not technically a “thyroid hormone”) ethmoid
Hormone released by the thyroid that promotes a decrease bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the
in calcium levels of the blood; also called thyrocalcitonin. brain.
calcitriol fibrocartilaginous callus
the active form of vitamin D found in the body The most compressible type of cartilage; resistant to
(vitamin D3) stretch. Forms vertebral discs and knee joint cartilages.
canaliculi fibula
a small channel found in ossified bone or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia,
capitulum and trochlea with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller
found at the distal end of the humerus bone and the medial of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most
portion of the articular surface of the humerus slender of all the long bones.
carpals foramen magnum
the cluster of bones in the hand between the radius and n the occipital bone, the foramen magnum (Latin: 'great
ulna and the metacarpus hole') is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the
cervical base of the skull (the foramina), through which the medulla
The seven vertebrae of the vertebral column located in the oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits
neck. the skull vault.
chondrocytes foramen/foramina
Mature cell form of cartilage. Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities.
clavicle fossa
a bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle (pectoral A depression, often an articular surface.
girdle). frontal
coccyx Longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body into
commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of anterior and posterior parts.
the human vertebral column, of three to five (usually four) gigantism
fused vertebrae a condition characterized by excessive height growth.
collagen glenoid cavity
The most abundant of the three fibers found in the matrix On the lateral angle of the scapula is a shallow pyriform,
of connective tissue. articular surface, the glenoid cavity (or glenoid fossa of
compact bone scapula), which is directed lateralward and forward and
Dense outer layer of skeletal bone; lamellar bone. articulates with the head of the humerus
condyle growth hormone
projections on the lower extremity of femur. It is the more Hormone that stimulates growth in general; produced
prominent and is the broader both in its antero-posterior in the anterior pituitary; also called somatotropin
and transverse diameters. (STH).
cranial hematoma
Bony protective encasement of the brain and organs of Mass of clotted blood that forms at an injured site.
hearing and equilibrium; also called the skull. hydroxyapatite
diaphysis the main mineral component of dental enamel, dentin, and
Diffusion of solute(s) through a semipermeable bone
membrane. interstitial growth
diploe Growth from a number of different centers within an area.
The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones. The growth process most apparent during cartilage
formation.
intervertebral foramen
When the vertebrae are articulated with each other the
bodies form a strong pillar for the support of the head and
trunk, and the vertebral foramina constitute a canal for
the protection of the medulla spinalis (spinal cord), while
between every pair of vertebræ are two apertures, the
intervertebral foramina, one on either side, for the
transmission of the spinal nerves and vessels.
intramembranous ossification
is one of two types of bone formation and is the process
responsible for the development of flat bones, especially
those found in the skull. Unlike endochondral ossification,
cartilage is not involved or present in this process.
maxilla
The maxillae are the largest bones of the face, except for
the mandible, and form, by their union, the whole of the
upper jaw.
medullary cavity
The marrow cavity in long bones; in adults, contains fat
(yellow marrow).
mesenchymal cells
are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a
variety of cell types. Found in bone marrow
metacarpals
The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand
skeleton that is located between the fingers distally and the
carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. It
consists of five cylindrical bones which are numbered from
the radial to the ulnar side (ossa metacarpalia I-V).
metaphysis
the body of cartilage that separates the epiphyses and
the diaphysis of long bones during growth.
metatarsals
The metatarsus consists of the five long bones of the foot,
which are numbered from the medial side (ossa
metatarsalia I.-V.); each presents for examination a body
and two extremities.
occipital
Forms most of the posterior wall and base of the skull
externally.
olecranon process
The elbow joint. Three bones form the elbow joint: the
humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna
of the forearm.
os coxae
The pelvis (pl. pelvises or pelves) is the bony structure
located at the base of the spine (properly known as the
caudal end).
osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells.
osteoclasts
Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix.
osteocytes
Mature bone cell.
osteons
System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic
structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called
Haversian system.
parathyroid glands
Small endocrine glands located on the posterior
aspect of the thyroid gland.
parathyroid hormone
Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that
regulates blood calcium level.
parietal
are bones in the human skull and form, by their
union, the sides and roof of the cranium. Each bone is
irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two
surfaces, four borders, and four angles.
pectoral girdle
Bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial
skeleton; includes the clavicle and scapula.
pelvic girdle vs. pelvis
Consists of the paired coxal bones that attach the
lower limbs to the axial skeleton.
perichondrium
Fibrous, connective-tissue membrane covering the
external surface of cartilaginous structures.
periosteum
Double-layered connective tissue that covers and
nourishes the bone.
processes
(1) Prominence or projection; (2) series of actions for
a specific purpose.
rickets
Disorder in which bones are inadequately mineralized;
caused by insufficient dietary calcium or vitamin D
deficiency.
spongy bone
Internal layer of skeletal bone. Also called cancellous
bone.
sutures
An immovable fibrous joint; with one exception, all
bones of the skull are united by sutures.
thyroid
One of the largest of the body's endocrine glands;
straddles the anterior trachea.
trabeculae
(1) Any of the fibrous bands extending from the
capsule into the interior of an organ; (2) struts or thin
plates of bone in spongy bone.