15/11/2006 05:41:00

← ANTHROPOLOGY
←
← I. The Origin of Man and the Universe
• A. Various views as to the origin of man
o 1. Naturalistic (atheistic) evolution
 everything can be accounted for by natural processes
o 2. Theistic evolution
 God starts everything. Then, it develops on its own. God intervenes
at a few points- creation of the beginning, basic life forms, or man
o 3. Progressive creationism
 popularized by Bernard Ram- the Christian view of Science
and the scriptures
 old earth, but Adam and Eve were created more recently
 God steps in at different points and creates things along the way
 Days were pictoral and revelatory
 That is what God revealed to Moses on each day
o 4. Recent Eden theory
 Professor Klup of Columbia University
 “Adam and Eve are an island of creation in a sea of evolution”
o 5. Fiat creation
 God created everything from nothing
 Heb. 11:3- by faith we understand that what is seen was made
from invisible
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 Strictly literal reading of the text

• B. Evidence of revelation for fiat creation
o We are limited to the Bible for our revelation of fiat creation
o The story of creation is presented as historical fact, not as a true “myth”
 At least 75 passages--- OT and NT—referencing creation- always
mentioned as historical fact
 Ex. 20:9-11; Psa. 8; 104; Matt. 19:4-6; Heb. 11:3; 2 Pet.
3:5
o The NT evidence for the creation of all things out of nothing
 Heb. 11:3- central idea of God creating from nothing
 John 1:3
 Col. 1:16-17
• C. The interpretation of Genesis 1 and 2
o 1. The Gap View or the Reconstitution Theory
 a. Exponents
 By Pember
 Delitzch—Hengstenberg
 Scofield- Scofield Reference Bible- 1909- first reference
bible
 b. Explanation
 Gen. 1:1 is a topic sentence—an initial, perfect creation
 Between verses 1 and 2 is a period of time, a gap, which
may be a few thousand to millions of years
 During this gap of time, the fall of Satan and the angels
occurred
 After a length of time, God began to reform the earth to
make it inhabitable for mankind
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 Order
• Genesis 1
• V. 1-topic sentence
• GAP
• Fall
• V. 2 creation of man
 c. Defense
 this explanation fits with the interpretation of Isa. 45:18
and Jer. 4:23-26
 this view accounts for the fall of Satan and the angels
 this view accounts for the geological ages
 this view accounts for the fossils
 d. Objections
 this view must posit a pre-Adamic creation which is not
taught elsewhere in the Scripture
 The Hebrew of Gen. 1:2 should not be translated as
“became,” it simply means it “was” like that
 The words “formless” (waste) and “void” do not necessarily
imply a state resulting from a judgment of a destruction
• Simply means- not in final form, and no one is living
there.
 Gen. 1:31 does not allow for anything evil in the creation of
the earth to that point.- “VERY GOOD”
• However, God said “his creation” was very good- not
evil, he did not create evil
 Hebrew Grammar does not support a gap between Gen 1:1
and 1:2
o 2. The Re-creation Theory
 a. Exponents
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 Merrill F. Unger, Wayne Young, Liberals Moffet and

Goodspeed
 Unger was a Hebrew scholar- authored a bible dictionary
 b. Explanation
 Gen. 1:1 and 1:2 describes not the primeval creation of the
worlds ex nihilo, but a much later refashioning of a
judgment filled earth in preparation for man
 Gen. 1 deals only with God’s creative activity as it concerns
the human race in its origin, fall, and redemption.
 Man is a comparative late comer in God’s creative program
 Order
• Original creation of the worlds
• Gap in time
• Genesis 1:1-2
 c. Defense
 If Gen. 1:1 refers to the original creation, then 1:2 would
have to be the original chaotic state or the result of a
subsequent judgment, meaning a gap
 The Hebrew word create, barah, is always used of a divine
activity
 The words “in the beginning,” in the Hebrew text, bereshith
could be a construct, or a dependent clause
 “when God began to fashion the heavens and the earth, it
was in utter chaos
 d. Objections
 concerning the construct idea, this is not in keeping with the
oldest traditions
• Masoretes did not consider it as such
o They were the ones who did the pointing of
Hebrew (dots)
 The word create, barah, does not have to mean to create
out of nothing.
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• But it is the only word the writer could have used to

show absolute creation from no previously existing
material
 The statement, “heaven and earth,” seems to be speaking
of the entire universe, not just the earth
 With this theory the doctrine of absolute creation is not
taught in Gen. 1:1
o 3. The original creation view
 a. Exponents
 E.J. Young, C.C. Ryrie, Barbieri
 b. Explanation
 the first verse of Genesis is a broad, comprehensive
statement of the fact of the creation of the heavens and the
earth.
 Verse two describes the earth as it came from the hands of
the creator
 Verse 3 is the first recorded step in the process of
fashioning
 c. Defense
 this view maintains the unity of Gen. 1:1 and 1:2
 this view fits best with the grammar of the Hebrew text
• v. 2 is connected with verse 1 by a waw conjunction-
translated “and”
o to express sequence
• to express attending circumstances- with nouns or
adjectives
o the two things at the same time “he came
into the room while taking off his hat”
 this view best interprets the main verb barah
 this view does allow for a long period of time, if one needs
it, for time does not begin in the text until verse 3
 order
• original creation
• time
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• earth fashioning
• ?
• D. The interpretation of the "days" of Genesis 1 and 2
o 1. The various interpretations
 The Concordistic theory – day-age theory
 The days of Genesis are simply a literary form
 Day 1 --- Day 4
 Day 2 --- Day 5
 Day 3 --- Day 6
 The six days of creation are a Babylonian myth
 The six days of creation are six days of revelation from God to
Moses
 Ramm – “pictorially revelatory days.”
 The six days of creation in Genesis 1 are six literal 24-hour days
o 2. The literal 24-hour day view
 A literal hermeneutical view
 Usage of the Hebrew word “yom”
 In Genesis 1 and 2
• 1:5 = 12, 1:5 = 24, 2:4 = 6 days
 In the rest of the Old Testament
• 1480 times – time, life, today, age, forever,
continually, and perpetually
 Most reputable Hebrew lexicons do not recognize or allow
the interpretation of “yom” as a long period of time as the
primary meaning of the word.
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 The creative work in Genesis does not seem to indicate a

long period of time for God’s creative acts
 The six days of Genesis 1 are all described as being
composed of a light portion and a dark portion
 Interpreting “yom” as an epoch fails to bring about the
desired harmony between Genesis and geology
 The argument from later use fits with six 24-hour days –
Ex. 20
 No amount of time will satisfy an evolutionist
 Whenever the Hebrew word “yom” is associated with a
definite numeral in the rest of the Old Testament, solar days
(that is 24-hour days) are always meant
• Gen. 7, 8, 17, Ex. 12
• E. The problem of apparent history
o It is fallacious to attempt to study creation in the light of present
observable processes
 Morris & Whitcomb pp. 223-24
o We have the necessity of a “grown” creation with apparent age
 Morris & Whitcomb pp. 223-245
o The concept of apparent age or history can be demonstrated
 Old Testament – Adam & Eve
 New Testament – water into wine
• F. The problems of evolution
o 1. Definition of evolution
 To change, to develop, or to progress
 Origins by natural processes
o 2. Data from evolution
 a. Mutations and natural selection
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 Criticisms
• Mutations are usually harmful
• From where do new genes come?
• Natural selection does not really guarantee
improvement
• Scientists have never observed beneficial mutations,
the production of new genes, or natural selection
 b. Fossils
 95% of fossils have been found in sedimentary rock…which
comes from rock formed under the force of water
 Criticisms
• Fossil dating is based on a circular argument
o Date fossils based rock strata, then date rock
strata based on fossils they find
• The methods of dating are really not as reliable as
scientists claim
o Measurement of dust on the moon is
supposedly constant. When they landed on
the moon it was proved false
• Fossil evidence has never produced intermediate
forms
• The evidence for fossil men does seem a bit scanty
for the conclusions that have been drawn
 c. Faith
 “The evidence of those who would explain life’s origin on the
basis of the accidental combination of suitable chemical
elements is no more tangible than that of those people who
place their faith in Divine Creation as the combination of the
development of life. Obviously , the latter have as much
justification for their beliefs as do the former.”
 d. Other factors
 Embryonic recapitulation
• Embryo goes through the process of evolution within
the womb
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 Serological (blood) tests

 Genetics
 Time
←
← II. The Material Part of Man
• A. Its creation and structure – Gen. 2, 3; 1 Cor. 15
• B. Its designations
o 1. The main terms
 Body – Soma – 2 Cor. 12
 Flesh – Sarx
 It equals Soma – Gal. 2
 It refers to the nonmaterial part of man – Rom. 7:18
 It describes the person in his whole being – Matt. 24
o 2. Some additional terms
 “The body of sin” – Rom. 6
 “The body of this death” – Rom. 7
 “Earthen vessel” – 2 Cor. 4
 “Temple of the Holy Spirit” – 1 Cor. 6
• C. Its descriptions
o It is not redeemed – Rom. 8
o It is an earthen vessel – 2 Cor. 4
o It is the residence of the Holy Spirit – 1 Cor. 6
o It is to be disciplined – 1 Cor. 9
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• D. Its future – All men will be raised! – John 5

o 1. The first resurrection -- unto life – Rev. 20
 Old Testament saints
 Church saints
 Tribulation martyrs
 Temporary or Intermediate Bodies – 2 Cor. 5
o 2. The second resurrection -- unto death – Rev. 20
←
← III. The Nonmaterial Part of Man
• A. The origin – Gen. 2, Gen. 1
• B. The original form of man
o 1. Derivation of the words
 “Image” – more concrete
 “Likeness” – more abstract
o 2. Meaning of the words
 Posture or appearance?
 Adam’s state before the fall?
 Unconfirmed, creature, holiness
 Are these two terms exactly the same?
 The concept involved
 The individual’s personality
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 Summarization – important facts

 Even the fallen man still has some semblance of the original
creation
 Scripture never says that the image of God is in man – it
says man has been created after the image of God
 The marring of the image has been so great that only the
direct intervention of God can overcome the damage.
• C. The perpetuation of the nonmaterial part of man
o 1. Pre-existence theory
 Greek philosophy – Philo
 Church – Origen
 Strong’s arguments
 Scripture says all sin and death is the result of Adam’s sin,
not the sin of a soul in a previous existence
 This view makes the body something accidental, simply a
prison-house for the soul
 This view finds no support in the consciousness
(preconsciousness)of man
o 2. Creationism – Berkhof, Hodge
 Explanation
 A separate, distinct, immediate act of God with each birth
 Arguments – Hodge, Systematic Theology
• It is scriptural!
o Numb. 16, Heb. 12
• It fits with the nature of the nonmaterial part of
man’s being
• The argument concerning Jesus Christ
o 3. Traducianism – Thiessen, Barbieri
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 Explanation
 Latin – “to draw from”
 Arguments
 It is scriptural – Gen. 1, 2, Heb. 7:7-10
 Adam had sons after his own image
 Argument from physiology
 Arguments from theology
• The imputation of Adam’s sin to posterity as a
culpable act
• The transmission of the sinful nature
• The universality of sin
• God is either directly or indirectly the author of sin
• D. The composition of man
o 1. The dichotomous nature of man
 An explanation
 Material and non-material
 The arguments
• The universe around us
o Physical and spiritual
• From philosophy
• From Scripture – Gen. 2:7
• Verses using soul and spirit synonymously
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o Matt. 20, 27, John 12, 13

o 2. Characterizations of the immaterial part of man
 Soul
 Old Testament usage – “nephesh”
 New Testament usage – “psyche”
• Of the whole nonmaterial part – 1 Pet. 2:11
• Of the whole man – Rom. 13:1, Matt. 20:28
• A distinctive use – 1 Thess. 5:23
o Is this list implying direct connection of soul
and spirit
 Spirit
 Hebrew
• Used of the wind
• Used of the whole nonmaterial part of man
o 1 Cor. 5:4-5
• Used in connection with the manifestations of the
spiritual life – Matt. 5:3ff, Gal. 6:1, Rom. 8:16, 1
Cor. 2:11
o Soul forms a connection with the earth, while
spirit refers to our religious connection with
God. Both are facets of the singular
nonmaterial makeup
• Various parts to the physical makeup; teeth, feet,
eyes, etc. There are also various parts to the non-
material makeup; soul, spirit, heart.
 Heart
 The heart – an organ
 Metaphorical sense – the center
 Heart is used more times to refer to non-material makeup
of man than soul and spirit combined
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 Seat of the intellectual life

 Center of the emotional life
 Used of the volitional life
 Used of the spiritual life
 Conscience
 Never appears in the Old Testament, Once in the Gospels,
twice in book of Acts, the rest is in the Epistles
 The unsaved man’s conscience
• It can be a guide – Rom. 2:14-16
• It can be a faulty guide – 1 Tim. 4:1-2
 The saved man’s conscience
• In relation to government – Rom. 13:5
• In relation to secular work – 1 Pet. 2:18-20
• In relation to social life – 1 Cor. 8:10-13
• In relation to the spiritual life – Rom. 9:1-3
 Mind
 The unsaved mind
• Is said to be depraved (reprobate) – Rom. 1:28
• Is said to be futile (vain or empty) – Eph. 4:17
• Is said to be defiled – Titus 1:15
• Is said to be blinded – 2 Cor. 4:3-4
• Is continuously and permanently darkened – Eph.
4:17-19
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• Is unable to judge critically – Rom. 3:9-11

• This mind does not seek God!
 The saved mind
• The use of it
o To understand the Word of God
o In loving God
o To understand the Lord’s will
• Prerequisites for the use of the mind
o The mind must be girded
o The thoughts are to be captivated
o The mind must be renewed
 Flesh – Romans 7
o 3. The trichotomous nature of man
 Arguments for trichotomy
 1 Cor. 2:14-15
 1 Cor. 15:41-44
 1 Cor. 15:45
 Heb. 4:12
 1 Thess. 5:23
 Dangers of the trichotomous theory
 Material world is evil and something to be escaped from,
realm of the spirit is the only thing really important
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 Anti-intellectual tendency
←

← HAMARTIOLOGY
←
← I. The Fall of Man -- Genesis 3
• A. Views on this passage
o The liberal or legend view
 No truth, no historic facts
o The orthodox view
 Truth and historic facts
o The neo-orthodox view
 Truth but no historic facts
• B. The place of the perfection
o God created a perfect place, Eden
• C. The prohibition or the tests involved – Gen. 2:16-17
o Adam was to do the will of God
 It was mostly positive
 Take care of the garden!
 There was one negative factor
 Don’t eat of the tree!
• D. The nature of Adam
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o Unconfirmed, creature, holiness

• E. The serpent
o Gen. 3:1 – The answer to dualism
 The Lord made the serpent, he didn’t eternally exist
• F. The process of the temptation
o Satan got Eve to doubt the goodness of God – Gen. 3:1
o Satan denied to truth of the Word of God – Gen. 3:4
• G. The penalties because of the fall
o 1. The serpent -- Gen. 3:14
o 2. Satan -- Gen. 3:15; Col. 2:15-17; John 12
 A prophecy of his judgment by the crush of Messiah’s heel
 A prophecy of enmity or strife between Satan and Jesus
 Protoevangelium
o 3. Adam and the race
 The ground is cursed in relation to man – Gen. 3:17-19a
 The penalty of work – Gen. 3:19
 The curse of broken fellowship – Gen. 3:8
 Physical death – Gen. 3:22-24
 Depravity – Gen. 3:11-13
o 4. Eve and women
 Multiple pain increased in childbirth – Gen. 3:16
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 Her desire will be that she will rule over her husband – Gen. 3:16
 The headship of the husband is affirmed
←
← II. Personal Sin
• A. Origin of sin
o 1. Historic origin of sin
 The Gnostic origin of sin
 Sin crept into creation down the line from creation
 Origen’s view of sin
 Preexistent souls were sinful
 The Greek Church and Eastern Orthodoxy – Pelagius
 The Western Church view
 Augustine, John Calvin
o 2. In relation to God
 God is never said in Scripture to be the responsible author of sin
 God’s eternal decree rendered certain the entrance of sin
o 3. In relation to the angels
 Lucifer – Isa. 14 – “I will”
o 4. In relation to human beings
 Sin originated with Adam
 Who sinned first?
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 Eve or Adam? – Gen. 3:6, 1 Tim. 2:13-14

 Eve was taken from Adam – 1 Cor. 11:8
 Had Adam eaten first, there would have been a loophole for
the woman.
 The fall of the race came through Adam’s act
• B. Definition of sin
o 1. Erroneous or incomplete definitions
 Sin is an illusion
 Sin is creature limitation
 Makes man less than perfect
 Sin is selfishness
 Sin is a violation of the law
 This is incomplete if by law you mean something like Mosaic
Law
o 2. The scriptural concept of sin
 Distinctions within the concept
 Sin has an absolute character in the bible
 Sin is more that outward or sinful acts
 Sin has to take its viewpoint from God
 a. Old Testament concept
 8 words for sin – missing the mark!
 b. New Testament concept
 12 words for sin – what you hit! (sinfully)
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o 3. The theological definition of sin

 “Sin is any lack of conformity to the character of God.” – Lewis
Sperry Chafer
 Why is this a good definition?
• It starts with God
• It is all-inclusive
• It conforms to the basic scriptural statement of 1
John 3:4
o 4. The Pelagian concept of sin
 Emphasis on the natural abilities of man
 The good works trait as it relates to the grace of God
 Synergism
 Monergism
 The perfectionist tendency
• C. The remedy for personal sin
o 1. Forgiveness
 Eph. 1:7 – negative aspect
o 2. Justification
 Rom. 3:23-25a – positive aspect
←
← III. The Sin Nature
• A. Meaning
o “inherited sin”
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o “the sin nature”

o “original sin”
• B. The fact of the sin nature
o The three phases of personality
 The corruption of the mind – 2 Cor. 4:3-4, Eph. 4:17-18a
 The corruption of the heart – Jer. 17:9-10, Rom. 1:21, 24
 The corruption of the will – Rom. 6:17, 20, 7:20-21
o Some central passages
 Psa. 51:5
 “…in sin my mother conceived me.”
 Eph. 2:1-3
 “…by nature children of wrath.”
 Rom. 1:18-3:20
• C. The result of the sin nature
o Depravity
 Depravity does not mean
 That every man has manifested his sinful nature to the
extent that he could
 That man does not have some instinctive knowledge of God
 That sinners will indulge in every form of sin
 Imply that sinners cannot appreciate good or act in good
ways
 Depravity means that
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 There is nothing in man that gains him merit in God’s sight,

only perversion
 All of every man is depraved, it effects every facet of each
individual
 That all mankind is this way
 Depravity must be measured against God’s Holiness
• D. The penalty connected with the sin nature
o Spiritual death – Eph. 2:1-3
 Death always implies a separation
 It happened first with Adam and Eve
 If corrected, the individual can have eternal life
• E. The transmission of the sin nature
o Mediately from person to person – Gen. 5:3-4
• F. The remedy of the sin nature
o 1. Redemption
 Particularly directed toward the judgment of the sin nature
 Rom. 6:17-18, 8:1-2, Gal. 5:24
o The gift of the Holy Spirit
 Actualizes the victory over the sin nature
 Rom. 6-8
←
← IV. Imputed Sin
• A. Meaning
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o To reckon over (hand over) immediately

 Both sin and righteousness
• B. The fact of imputed sin
o Rom. 5:12 – “all sinned” – aorist tense
o The Liberal answer
 We are simply following Adam’s example of sinning
o The Neo-Orthodox answer
 We all personally sin, Genesis is our story
o The Federal or Covenant answer
 Adam is our representative in the Garden, he brought down the
human race due to his involvement with the human race
o Augustinian or seminal view
 We were physically present with Adam, therefore we all physically
sinned – Heb. 7
• C. The penalty connected with imputed sin
o Physical death
• D. The transmission of imputed sin
o Immediately from Adam to me
o Sin Nature mediately from Adam through lineage, imputed sin is not
through lineage but direct to me
• E. The remedy for imputed sin
o Imputed righteousness – Rom. 5:17
←
← V. The Christian's Sin
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• A. Introduction
o God’s standard is perfection – 1 Pet. 1:15-16
o Perfection in the sense of the absence of evil is unattainable in this life
• B. Enemies of the Christian
o 1. The world – 1 Cor. 7:31
o 2. The Devil – 1 Pet. 5:8
o 3. The flesh
 Through a break from it – Rom. 6
 Through walking in the Spirit – Gal. 5
• C. The preventives of sin in the Christian life
o 1. The Word -- Psalm 119
o 2. The present ministry of Christ -- John 17
 Advocacy – curative – 1 John 2:1
 Intercession proper - preventative
o 3. The indwelling Holy Spirit
 The work of teaching – John 16:12-13
 In relation to our prayer life – Rom. 8:26-27
 Leading us into service – John 7:37-39
• D. The penalties connected with the Christian's sin
o 1. On God
 We grieve the Holy Spirit
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 It obligates God to keep us saved

o 2. On the Christian
 It causes him to walk in darkness
 It can make the Christian a stumbling block
 There is a loss of confidence in prayer
 There will be a sense of shame at His coming
 He loses his joy
o 3. To the Christian who persists in sin
 Chastisement – Heb. 12:6a
 Scourging – Heb. 12:6b
 Church discipline – 1 Cor. 5:4-5
 Physical death – 1 Cor. 11:27
• E. The remedy for the Christian's sin
o Confession – 1 John 1:9