21 Interesting Facts About the Civil War

1. The American Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865.

2. It is also referred to as the "War Between the States" because it was fought between northern and southern states
within the U.S.

3. Starting in December of 1860, a number of southern states began to secede (separate) from the Union. Among
other things, the southern slave-holding states disagreed with the anti-slavery views of the Union.

4. South Carolina was the first state to separate, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama and several others.

5. The southern states eventually formed the Confederate States of America (Confederacy for short). During the
Civil War the southern soldiers were referred to as Confederates for this reason.

6. The first battle of the American Civil War took place at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. President Lincoln sent ships
to resupply the fort there, and the ships were escorted by the U.S. Navy. Confederate troops bombarded the fort
before the ships could reach it. Major Robert Anderson (Union officer) surrendered the fort to the Confederates.

7. Notable generals of the Confederate Army included Generals Robert E. Lee (overall commanding officer),
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, Braxton Bragg and James Longstreet. During the course of the war there were
more than 400 generals on the Confederate side.

8. Notable generals of the Union Army included Generals Ulysses S. Grant (overall commanding officer), Phil
Sheridan, William Tecumseh Sherman, George Armstrong Custer and George McClellan. Throughout the Civil
War there were more than 550 Union generals who served.

9. General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson got his nickname during the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) in
1861. This is an interesting fact and debate about Civil War history. Some historians say Jackson got the
nickname for his courage: "There is Jackson standing like a stone wall." Others like Civil War historian Shelby
Foote claim the label was used to cite Jackson's slow action during the battle: "Look at Jackson standing there
like a damned stone wall."

10. General "Stonewall" Jackson died during the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863. He was shot by his own men, who
thought he was the enemy.

11. More than half of all deaths during the American Civil War were the result of disease (not bullets). The primary
culprits included typhoid fever, dysentery, tuberculosis and pneumonia.
12. The Confederates typically named battles for the city in which they were fought, or the closest city. The Union
forces typically named battles after geographical features such as creeks and rivers. Because of this, many Civil
War battles have two names — the battle of Antietam / Sharpsburg, the battle of Manassas / Bull Run, etc.

13. During the American Civil War, Union forces used their naval ships to create a blockade of southern ports. Known
as the Anaconda Plan, this blockade stretched from the Maryland coast down the eastern seaboard, around
Florida, and into the Gulf of Mexico. The goal was to prevent supplies from reaching Confederate troops.

14. In terms of casualties, the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) brought the bloodiest day of fighting during the Civil
War. On September 17, 1862, Union and Confederate forces fought alongside Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg,
Maryland. In a single day, the battle produced nearly 23,000 casualties (killed or wounded). That's roughly nine
times the number of American casualties during D-Day in WWII.

15. While the Battle of Antietam marked the single deadliest day during the American Civil War, the Battle of
Gettysburg was the deadliest entire battle (over its three-day period). There were more than 50,000 casualties
during the course of the battle at Gettysburg.

16. During the Battle of Cold Harbor in Virginia, it is estimated that nearly 7,000 men died in a span of 20 minutes.
These extreme casualties were the result of an ill-advised Union assault on heavily fortified Confederate positions,
which quickly became a slaughter. Later, General Ulysses S. Grant would say: "I have always regretted that the
last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made."

17. Total casualties during the Civil War are equally staggering. Somewhere between 600,000 and 700,000 people
died during the war. When you factor in the wounded, the total casualty number rises to around 1,030,000.

18. There were numerous prisoner of war (POW) camps on both sides of the conflict. One of the most infamous
camps was Andersonville Prison in Georgia. Confederate forces used this facility to hold Union troops captured
during battle. Conditions were terrible at Andersonville, owing to the heat, disease, food shortages, etc. More than
12,000 Union soldiers died at Andersonville.

19. And now for a strange fact of the Civil War courtesy of Gettysburg. General Dan Sickles (Union) had his right leg
amputated during the Battle of Gettysburg after a Confederate cannonball destroyed the leg. Sickles preserved
the bones from his right leg, as well as the cannonball that had smashed them, and donated them to the Army
Medical Museum. After the war, Sickles worked hard to preserve the Gettysburg battlefield as a national park.

20. The Civil War officially ended on April 9, 1865 when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S.
Grant. The formal surrender ceremony took place in the home of Wilmer and Virginia McLean in the town of
Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

21. The last man to die in combat was killed more than a month after the surrender ceremony, in a battle at Palmito
Ranch in Texas.