PWHT WORK - Miduk A - PDF
PWHT WORK - Miduk A - PDF
Miduk A.
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1. Preliminary
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Kebetulan sekali di plant ada dua proyek yang berdekatan schedule-nya yang
mengharuskan melakukan pekerjaan PWHT (post weld heat treatment), yaitu
repair brine surge vessel, Ø 4 m x 13 m, dan instalasi brine pipeline 24” sch.
60. Pekerjaan PWHT untuk repair brine surge vessel telah selesai dieksekusi
oleh rekan-rekan di team lain (dan kebetulan ane ikut nimbrung saat eksekusi
di lokasi kerja) di saat berlangsungnya shut down of plant di bulan Oktober –
November 2014, sedangkan PWHT untuk instalasi brine pipe line 24” sch. 60
(under by E&C team) belum dieksekusi karena sesuatu dan lain hal…
Buat orang yang tidak awam pasti akan bertanya-tanya, binatang apa itu
PWHT??? Atau sejenis makanan apa itu PWHT??? Sebenarnya kalau
diterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris-nya, yah PWHT adalah perlakuan
(treatment) panas setelah dilakukannya pengelasan pada suatu sambungan.
Terus kenapa harus di PWHT? Emang gunanya buat apa? Klo gak di PWHT
masalah buat lo? Selow bro! Kalem aa!! Sok, ngudut heula jang!!! Nyokk, kita
bahas pelan-pelan…
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Pada pengelasan sambungan untuk pipa atau vessel atau steel structure
dengan ketebalan tertentu, panas dari lasan akan menimbulkan perubahan
struktur mikro yang terlihat pada perubahan pada batas-batas butir (grain
boundaries) sehingga menimbulkan residual stresses, residual stresses ini
dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap corrosion dan
fatigue. Karena residual stresses ini tidak dapat melebihi tegangan luluh (yield
strength), maka dengan PWHT yaitu dengan meningkatkan temperature
(yaitu pada temperature rekristalisasi-nya) dalam periode yang lama maka
akan menurunkan maksimum tegangan sisa (the maximum residual stresses)
disekitar daerah pengelasan dengan cara relaxation-recrystallization yaitu
pengintian dan pertumbuhan butir-butir baru menggantikan butir-butir lama
dan/atau primary creep mechanism.
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Untuk baja-baja struktur high strength low alloy (HSLA) bisa dilakukan PWHT
ataupun tidak, tergantung dari komposisi materialnya. Beberapa baja HLSA
mengandung Vanadium lebih dari 0.005 % dan atau mengandung Boron lebih
dari 0.002 % yang bisa menimbulkan penggetasan pada daerah butiran di
daerah HAZ ketika dipanaskan sampai dengan temperatur 1000 – 2000 oF saat
proses PWHT berlangsung. Penggetasan ini dapat menyebabkan retakan yang
disebut dengan “reheat cracking”. Oleh karena itu pada umumnya
direkomendasikan untuk pengelasan-pengelasan baja HSLA tidak dilakukan
PWHT.
Seperti contoh dalam standar AWS D1.1 paragraf 3.14, kondisi-kondisi yang
harus dipenuhi jika melakukan pekerjaan PWHT adalah sebagai berikut:
Seperti pengalaman ketika persiapan mengerjakan mega proyek oil and gas di
plant X (Cepu, Jawa Timur) dimana fluida-fluidanya lumayan corrosive,
requirements sangatlah ketat melebihi requirements dari standar
internasional yang dipakai yaitu ASME B31.3, requirements untuk pekerjaan
PWHT yaitu seperti berikut:
CS piping system handling sour service fluids as per NACE MR175 / ISO
15156, regardless of wall thickness
CS piping in ammonia and amine services, regardless of thickness wall
thickness.
CS piping in certain caustic services, regardless of wall thickness
CS piping in HF acid service, PWHT is not required if carbon content does
not exceed 0.25 & CE content does not exceed 0.43
(Lihat table 331.1.1 – requirements for heat treatment, as per ASME B31.3 –
2008)
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(Lihat table 330.1.1 – requirements for pre-heat, as per ASME B31.3 – 2008)
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(Hardness test dapat membantu apakah weld joints perlu di PWHT atau tidak)
Instal “ceramic pad element” pada area weld joints, kemudian diikat
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dengan steel wires. Kemudian dilapis (covered) dengan insulation Close and accept
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blanket (fiberglass/rockwool blanket or equivalent material) untuk
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Jika memungkinkan tutup end pipe untuk mencegah “internal hot air”
mengalir keluar dari terciptanya excessively high thermal gradients
melalui ketebalan pipa.
Proteksi pekerjaan PWHT dari kemungkinan kendala hujan maupun
gangguan lainnya dengan menggunakan tarpaulin atau sejenisnya.
Perform PWHT work
Record hasil pekerjaan PWHT sesuai dengan procedure yang disepakati,
seperti grafik berikut:
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Untuk mencari nilai maksimum dari heating/cooling rate untuk pipa carbon
steel 1” (= 25.4 mm) adalah sebagai berikut:
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Transformer
Bisa menggunakan trafo 50 kVA dengan 6 channel output dan 6 alat control,
komplit dengan circuit breaker dan fuse control.
Temperature recorder
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Untuk
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Cookie Policy dan me-record temperatur dengan masing-masing 12 titik,
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temperature range bervariasi, bisa sampai dengan 0 – 1200 oC.
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Programmer
1 unit pad heater element dengan kapasitas 2.7 kVA, dimana material dari
ceramic dengan range temparutur sampai dengan 1500 oC, yang dirajut
dengan Nickel Chrome Wire.
Pada pad heater, pada ujung connector disambung dengan cool tail dimana
agar ujung connecting-nya tidak mengalami rambatan panas, sehingga tidak
merusak connecting cable electric yang akan disambungkan ke power cable
Burner
Documents:
Transformer
Temperature recorder
Programmer
Ceramic pad heater
Burner
Man powers:
Safety equipping:
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7. References
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Wuri
Feb 26, 2016 @ 15:47:07
0 0 Rate This
Superb ! good article and explanations..
Its very handy to read and understand about what is and why PWHT is
requires for metal.
Actually i am the owner of PWHT Company in Indonesia since 1999, and i love
to read your words !
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MONTE
Apr 08, 2016 @ 17:08:36
0 0 Rate This
Thank you pak already visited my blog..
I just shared of my little bit experiences regarding PWHT works..
Hopefully useful for us..
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Ruri
Nov 08, 2018 @ 14:26:28
0 0 Rate This
Bagus banget blok nya banyak memberi pengetahuan tentang dasar2 PWHT,
bahas yang lain juga dong Bang… NDT misalnya UT MT PT RT Dll
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MONTE
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Nov 29, agree
@ to their use.
09:52:30
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Andre Kurniawan
Mar 11, 2020 @ 11:17:58
0 0 Rate This
Keren banget artikel nya, kalau untuk vendor PWHT sendiri di Indonesia ada
apa aja ya?
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Budi sutisna
May 04, 2020 @ 12:43:04
0 0 Rate This
Bagus aa..sangat enak di baca dan mudah di pahami..good job. Lanjut aa..
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Yulia
Aug 12, 2020 @ 22:05:35
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Mantap bgt nich, thanks
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Monte
Aug 21, 2020 @ 01:18:25
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0 Policy
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Terimakasih banyak atas kunjungannya..
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