Anatomy and Physiology

CH 7 Quiz / Test Review

STUDY Chapter 7 Packet, Labs, extra class notes. These are most of the
possible questions.

TURN IN any ungraded labs

1. What are the functions of the nervous system?

a. Sensory input- gathering information
b. Integration- process and interpret sensory input
c. Motor output- a response to stimuli
2. Distinguish between the following: CNS, PNS, Somatic, Autonomic,
Parasympathetic, Sympathetic; Afferent, Efferent
a. CNS: central nervous system
i. Brain, spinal chord
b. PNS: peripheral nervous system
i. Nerve outside of the brain and spinal chord
c. SOMATIC
i. voluntary
d. AUTONOMIC
i. involuntary
e. PARASYMPATHETIC
i. House keeping
1. Conserves energy
2. Daily necessary bodily functions
3. D division: digestion, defecation, diuresis
f. SYMPATHETIC
i. “fight or flight”
1. Response to unusual stimulus
2. Takes over to increase activities
3. E division: exercise, excitement, emergency,
embarrassment
g. AFFERENT
i. Sensory neurons
ii. Carry impulses from the sensor receptors
h. EFFERENT
i. Motor neurons
ii. Carry impulses from the nervous system
3. Distinguish between the characteristics of neurons and neuroglia.
What are the functions of the neuroglia? What is the function of a
neuron?
i.NEURONS: nerve cell
i. Specialized to transmit messages
ii. FUNCTIONS
1. carry impulses
 2. irritability
3. conductivity
j.NEUROGLIA: support cells
i. FUNCTIONS
4. What are the functions of: ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes,
microglia, astrocytes, satellite, and Schwann cells?
k. EPENDYMAL CELLS
i. Circulate cerebrospinal fluid
l.OLIGODENDROCYTES
i. Produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers in CNS
m. MICROGLIA
i. Dispose of debris
n. ASTROCYTES
i. Control the chemical environment of the brain
o. SATELLITE
i. Protect neuron cell bodies
p. SCHWANN CELLS
i. Form myelin sheath in the PNS
5. What cells in the CNS are responsible for myelinating the axons of
some neurons? What cells in the PNS perform the same function?
q. CNS: schwann cells
r. PNS:
6. Identify structure and function of parts of typical neuron (dendrites,
axon, cell body, myelin sheath, schwann cells, synapse, etc.)
s. DENDRITES:
i. Extension outside the cell body
ii. Conduct impulses towards the cell body
t. AXON
i. Extension outside the cell body
ii. Conduct impulses away from the cell body
u. CELL BODY
i. Nucleus and metabolic center of the cell
v. MYELIN SHEATH
i. Covers axons
ii. Jelly like
w. SCHWANN CELLS
i. Produce myelin sheath
x. SYNAPSE
i. Junction between nerves
7. Voluntary control of the skeletal muscles is provided by which part
of the nervous system?
y. Somatic nervous system
8. What part of the nervous system brings information to the CNS?
z. Afferent/sensory nerves carry impulses to CNS
9. What part of the nervous system brings information from the CNS?
aa. Efferent/motor nerves carry impulses away from CNS
 10. What is the site of intercellular communication between neurons?
What substance travels across this gap to signal a response in the
next cell?
bb. Synapse
cc. Impulse
11. Distinguish between monopolor, bipolar, and multipolar neurons. Neurons
with several dendrites and a single axon are called MULTIPOLAR
neurons. Neurons with one axon and one dendrite with the soma (cell
body) between them are called BIPOLAR.
a. MONOPOLAR/UNIPOLAR: have a short single process leaving
the cell body
b. BIPOLAR: one axon and one dendrite
c. MULTIPOLAR: many extensions from the cell body
12. What is meant by the all-or-none principle? Remember all stimuli great
enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action
potentials. So how do action potentials relay different intensities of
information?
a.
10. From Action Potential Lab: Once an action potential is triggered,
what is the first major chemical change? Stepwise explain what
happens in each step of an action potential: resting potential,
depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, sodium/potassium
pump (how many Na+ and K+ ions are transported for each ATP?)
11. Distinguish between what happens in continuous conduction vs saltatory
conduction (with myelin sheeth)

12. The major centers concerned with autonomic control of breathing,

blood pressure, heart rate, and digestive activities are located in the
_______.
13. What large region of the brain is involved in conscious thought and
intellectual function as well as processing processing somatic
sensory and motor information?
14. Externally the two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
_________,
They are connected internally by the _________ which allows
communication between the hemispheres.
15. Where is the primary motor cortex located? The primary sensory cortex?
Be very specific.
16. In what lobe of the cerebrum is the visual cortex located? Auditory cortex?
Location and function of Broca’s area.
17. What region of the brain is associated with overseeing the postural
muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain
balance and equilibrium?
18. What part of the brain regulates water balance and body
temperature?
 19. The right side of the brain controls movement in the _____ side of the
body. The left side of the brain controls movement in the ____ side of the
brain.
20. What is the role of each: bare nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscles,
Pacinian corpuscles, Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles?
21. The loss of memory associated with disease or trauma is referred to
as______.
22. What brain waves found in a normal adult under resting conditions ?
Under times of intense concentration?
23. What are reflexes and what are their characteristics? Trace the pathway of
a typical reflex from stimulus to response Which kind of reflex would you
expect a greater delay between stimulus and response (monosynaptic /
polysynaptic)? Distinguish and identify examples of somatic and
autonomic reflexes. Lab: be able to identify what happened in the
following reflexes: patellar, Achilles tendon, pupillary light , corneal, gag
and plantar reflexes. What was the effect of muscle fatigue on the ability to
produce a patellar reflex? What the pupillary response contralateral or
ipsilateral? Why would this response be valuable?
24. The area of sensory cortex devoted to a particular region of the body is
relative to what?
25. For what conditions does the sympathetic system of the ANS prepare the
body? The parasympathetic system?
26. Increased sympathetic stimulation causes what changes to the body?
Increased parasympathetic stimulation?
27. What term is used to refer to a number of disorders affecting voluntary
motor performance that appear during infancy and persist for the rest of
the life of the individual? What is a peripheral nerve palsy (peripheral
nerve neuropathy)?
28. How does age affect the nervous system?
29. Distinguish between the following: Alzheimers, concussion, contusion,
coma, CVA, Multiple Sclerosis, TIA, Cerebral edema, Intracranial
hemorrhage, hydrocephalus
30. Distinguish between (location and function): the dura mater,
arachnoid mater, pia mater, cerebrospinal fluid. Where is
cerebrospinal fluid produced? By what type of neuroglia?
Reabsorbed?

Labeling:
42. Label the parts of a typical motor neuron.
43. Label the parts of a typical reflex arc: stimulus, receptor, sensory
neuron, effector, associative / interneuron, motor neuron
44. Label the major parts of the human brain: cerebellum, medulla oblongata,
pons, cerebrum, spinal cord, gyrus, sulcus, fissure, frontal lobe, parietal
lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, olfactory bulb, optic chiasm(a),
optic nerve, optic tract, corpus callosum, pineal gland, thalamus, pituitary
gland
 45. Label the major parts of the sheep brain: cerebellum, medulla oblongata,
pons, cerebrum, spinal cord, gyrus, sulcus, fissure, frontal lobe, parietal
lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, olfactory bulb, optic chiasm(a),
optic nerve, optic tract, corpus callosum, pineal gland, thalamus

QUIZ

2. Distinguish between the following: CNS, PNS, Somatic, Autonomic,

Parasympathetic, Sympathetic; Afferent, Efferent
a. CNS: central nervous system
i. Brain, spinal chord
b. PNS: peripheral nervous system
i. Nerve outside of the brain and spinal chord
c. SOMATIC
i. voluntary
d. AUTONOMIC
i. involuntary
e. PARASYMPATHETIC
i. House keeping
1. Conserves energy
2. Daily necessary bodily functions
3. D division: digestion, defecation, diuresis
f. SYMPATHETIC
i. “fight or flight”
1. Response to unusual stimulus
 2. Takes over to increase activities
3. E division: exercise, excitement, emergency,
embarrassment
g. AFFERENT
i. Sensory neurons
ii. Carry impulses from the sensor receptors
h. EFFERENT
i. Motor neurons
ii. Carry impulses from the nervous system
3. Distinguish between the characteristics of neurons and neuroglia.
What are the functions of the neuroglia? What is the function of a
neuron?
a. NEURONS: nerve cell
i. Specialized to transmit messages
ii. FUNCTIONS
1. carry impulses
2. irritability
3. conductivity
b. NEUROGLIA: support cells
i. FUNCTIONS
1.
4. What are the functions of: ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes,
microglia, astrocytes, satellite, and Schwann cells?
a. EPENDYMAL CELLS
i. Circulate cerebrospinal fluid
b. OLIGODENDROCYTES
i. Produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers in CNS
c. MICROGLIA
i. Dispose of debris
d. ASTROCYTES
i. Control the chemical environment of the brain
e. SATELLITE
i. Protect neuron cell bodies
f. SCHWANN CELLS
i. Form myelin sheath in the PNS
5. What cells in the CNS are responsible for myelinating the axons of
some neurons? What cells in the PNS perform the same function?
a. CNS: schwann cells
b. PNS:
6. Identify structure and function of parts of typical neuron (dendrites,
axon, cell body, myelin sheath, schwann cells, synapse, etc.)
a. DENDRITES:
i. Extension outside the cell body
ii. Conduct impulses towards the cell body
b. AXON
i. Extension outside the cell body
 ii. Conduct impulses away from the cell body
c. CELL BODY
i. Nucleus and metabolic center of the cell
d. MYELIN SHEATH
i. Covers axons
ii. Jelly like
e. SCHWANN CELLS
i. Produce myelin sheath
f. SYNAPSE
i. Junction between nerves
7. Voluntary control of the skeletal muscles is provided by which part
of the nervous system?
a. Somatic nervous system
8. What part of the nervous system brings information to the CNS?
a. Afferent/sensory nerves carry impulses to CNS
9. What part of the nervous system brings information from the CNS?
a. Efferent/motor nerves carry impulses away from CNS
10. What is the site of intercellular communication between neurons?
What substance travels across this gap to signal a response in the
next cell?
a. Synapse
b. Impulse
11. From Action Potential Lab: Once an action potential is triggered,
what is the first major chemical change? Stepwise explain what
happens in each step of an action potential: resting potential,
depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, sodium/potassium
pump (how many Na+ and K+ ions are transported for each ATP?)
a.
12. The major centers concerned with autonomic control of breathing,
blood pressure, heart rate, and digestive activities are located in the
medulla oblongata.
13. What large region of the brain is involved in conscious thought and
intellectual function as well as processing processing somatic
sensory and motor information?
a. cerebrum
14. Externally the two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
longitudinal fissure, they are connected internally by the corpus
colosum which allows communication between the hemispheres.
15. What region of the brain is associated with overseeing the postural
muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain
balance and equilibrium?
a. cerebellum
16. What part of the brain regulates water balance and body
temperature?
a. hypothalamus
17. Distinguish between (location and function): the dura mater,
arachnoid mater, pia mater, cerebrospinal fluid. Where is
cerebrospinal fluid produced? By what type of neuroglia?
Reabsorbed?
a. DURA MATER
i. Double layered external covering
b. ARACHNOID MATER
i. Middle layer
ii. Web like
c. PIA MATER
i. Internal layer
ii. Clings to surface of brain
d. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
i. Protect brain
ii. Produced in epithalamus
iii. By choroid plexus
18. Label the parts of a typical motor neuron.

a.
19. Label the parts of a typical reflex arc: stimulus, receptor, sensory
neuron, effector, associative / interneuron, motor neuron
a.