BLU-RAY DISC

By
K.AARYA
K.MADHURI
CSE III year.
RRS COLLEGE OF ENGG

ABSTRACT
A blu-ray disc is shown in fig: 1
Blu-ray disc (bd) is a next
generation optical disc format meant for Fig: 1
storage of high definition video and
high-density data. As compared to the
hdvd format, its main competitor, blu-
ray has more information capacity per
layer, 25GB instead of 15GB. Blu-ray
discs not only have more storage
capacity than traditional DVD’s, but
they also offer a new level of
interactivity. Users will be able to
connect to the internet and instantly
download subtitles and other interactive
movie features.
Blu-ray gets its name from the
shorter wavelength(405nm) of a
“BLUE” (technically blue-violet) laser
that allows it to store substantially more
data than a DVD, which has the same
physical dimensions but uses a longer There are different plans for bd-
wavelength(650nm red laser). rom(read only), bd(recordable) and bd-
The blue-violet laser's shorter re(rewritable) drives for pc’s and with
wavelength makes it possible to store the support of the manufactures, it’s very
more information on a 12 cm CD/DVD- likely that the technology will be
size disc. adopted as the next-generation optical
The blue-violet laser's shorter disc format for pc data storage and
wavelength makes it possible to store replace technologies such as “DVD+-R”,
more information on a 12 cm CD/DVD- “DVD+-RW” and “DVD+-RAM”.
size disc.

INTRODUCTION:
HISTORY:
 When the CD was
introduced in the early '80s, it
meant an enormous leap from
traditional media. Not only did it
offer a significant improvement
in audio quality, its primary
application, but its 650MB
storage capacity also meant a
giant leap in data storage and
retrieval.
 For the first time, there was a
universal standard for pre-
recorded, recordable and
rewritable media, offering the
best quality and features
consumers could wish for
themselves, at very low costs.
 Although the CD was a very
useful medium for the recording
and distribution of audio and
some modest data applications,
demand for a new medium
offering higher storage capacities
rose in the '90s.
 These demands lead to the
evolution of the DVD
specification and a 5-10 x
increase in capacity. This
enabled high quality, standard
definition video distribution and
recording.
Now, in the next millennium, high
definition video demands a new solution.
 History proved that a
significant 5-10 x increase in
storage capacity and the ability to
play previous generation formats
are key elements for a new format to
succeed.
 This new format has
arrived with the advent of Blu-
ray Disc, the only format that
offers a considerable increase in
storage capacity with its 25 to 50
GB data capacity.
 This allows for the next
big application of optical media:
the distribution and recording of
high definition video in the
highest possible quality.
 In fact, no other format can
offer the data capacity of Blu-ray
Disc, and no other format will
allow for the same high video
quality and interactive features to
create the ultimate user
experience.
 As with DVD, the Blu-ray
Disc format is based on the same,
bare disc physical form factor,
allowing for compatibility with
CD and DVD.
A BLANK REWRITABLE
BLU-RAY DISC (BD-RE) is
shown in fig: 2
Fig:2
 information on a 12 cm
SPECIFICATIONS CD/DVD-size disc.

Media type High-density optical disc Panasonic Internal Blu-ray ROM

notebook drive is shown in fig: 3
25 to 50 GB (single-layer)
Capacity
50 to 100 GB (dual-layer) Fig: 3
Block size 64kb ECC
400 nm laser:
1× @ 36 Mbit/s(4.5 MByte/s)
2× @ 72 Mbit/s (9 MByte/s)
Read mechanism 4× @ 144 Mbit/s (18 MByte/s)
6× @ 216 Mbit/s (27 MByte/s)
8× @ 288 Mbit/s (36 MByte/s)
12× @ 432 Mbit/s (54 MByte/s)

♦ The minimum
"spot size" on which a laser
TECHNICAL can be focused is limited by
UNDERSTANDING diffraction, and depends on
ABOUT BLU-RAY: the wavelength of the light
and the numerical aperture of
the lens used to focus it.
LASER AND OPTICS: ♦ By decreasing
the wavelength,
♦ Blu-ray Disc uses a increasing the numerical
"blue" (technically violet) laser, aperture from 0.60 to
operating at a wavelength of 405 0.85, and making the
nm, to read and write data. cover layer thinner to
♦ The diodes are InGaN avoid unwanted optical
(Indium Gallium Nitride) lasers effects, the laser beam
that produce 405 nm photons can be focused to a
directly, that is, without smaller spot.
frequency doubling or other ♦ This allows
nonlinear optical mechanisms. more information to be
♦ Conventional DVDs and stored in the same area.
CDs use red and near-infrared ♦ For Blu-ray
lasers, at 650 nm and 780 nm, Disc, the spot size is 580
respectively. nm. In addition to the
♦ The blue-violet laser's optical improvements,
shorter wavelength makes it Blu-ray Discs feature
possible to store more improvements in data
 encoding that further
increase the capacity.
HARD-COATING
TECHNOLOGY:
• Since the Blu-ray Disc data
layer is closer to the surface of
the disc compared to the DVD
standard, it was at first more
vulnerable to scratches.
• The first discs were housed in
cartridges for protection,
resembling Professional Discs, a
cartridge would increase the
price of an already expensive
medium, so hard-coating of the
pickup surface was chosen
instead.
• All Blu-Ray Disc media are
required by specification to be
scratch-resistant. DVD media are
not required to be scratch-
resistant.
REGION CODES
As with the implementation of
region codes for DVDs, Blu-ray Disc
players sold in a specific
geographical region are designed to
play only discs authorized by the
content provider for that region
BD KEY
CHARECTERISTICS
a) Broadest Industry Support
b) Lifespan
c) Content Protection
d) Cost
e) Capacity
f) Robustness of Disc
Broadest Industry Support
• History has shown
that unified industry
support for a particular
format is most likely to
lead to success.
• Therefore, the
participation of the
world's most renowned
consumer electronics
manufacturers and IT
companies are leading in
the success of the best
standard for next-
generation storage Blu-
ray Disc.
• Blu-ray Disc is
supported by leading
hardware manufacturers
across the CE and IT
fields from the U.S.,
Europe, Japan and Korea,
including Dell, HP,
Hitachi, LG Electronics,
Matsushita (Panasonic),
Mitsubishi, Pioneer,
Philips, Samsung, Sharp,
Sony and Thomson/RCA.
• Finally, major
blank media
 manufacturers including
TDK are supporting the
Blu-ray Disc format as
the successor of DVD.
• This broad industry
support will lead to a
broad selection of Blu-ray
Disc products, including
home video decks, PC
drives, PCs line-fitted
with Blu-ray Disc drives
and blank media, to be
available when the format
is launched in the various
regions in The world.
Lifespan
• The Blu-ray Disc format
is designed to stay relevant
for at least 10 to 15 years.
• Its high storage capacity
of 25 to 50 GB allows for the
best-possible High Definition
video quality and satisfies
even the most demanding
data storage needs.
• As we have seen with
DVD in the past, most
premium titles require two
discs. This is why Blu-ray
Disc incorporates the
additional storage space that
is required for a High
Definition feature film
including bonus bonus
material in the new standard
from the beginning.
• Formats with a lesser
capacity are only suitable as
interim solutions, requiring
them to be replaced much
sooner than a format that
takes tomorrow's data storage
needs into account from day
one.
• This will of course
require multiple investments
in production equipment, and
will lead to increased
consumer confusion.
Content Protection
• Blu-ray Disc
provides some of the strongest
copy protection methods ever
developed for any consumer
format.
• It makes Blu-ray
Disc the best choice for any
content publisher wanting
assurance that their valuable
assets are protected from
piracy.
• Based on feedback
from the content industry and
taking a cue from the lessons
learned by other formats, the
Blu-ray Disc format
incorporates a robust copy
protection mechanism, which
not only relies on
implementation at the
playback device, but which
also includes precautions at
replicator level, which will be
strictly controlled.
• Unlike the voluntary
implementation of CSS
protection in DVD, the copy
protection mechanism for
Blu-ray Disc is mandatory
and will be governed by strict
licensing procedures.
 Cost
• Blu-ray Disc is developed
to offer the best long-term
profitability model for content
providers.
• Although it might require
a nominal investment in advance,
it provides greater and longer-
term profit potential. This is
because the format is designed to
last for a period of at least 10 to
15 years.
• Due to its enormous
storage capacity, short-term
replacement of the technology is
unnecessary, unlike other format
proposals that might require less
investment in advance, but
higher investments in the long
term due to the replacement of
the technology when it becomes
outdated.
• At comparable volumes,
Blu-ray Disc production costs are
within 10% of DVD production
costs, although a Blu-ray Disc
offers 5-10 x the capacity.
• It is by far the cheapest
format measured in cost per GB.
Since Blu-ray Disc requires
fewer slots in a replication line
compared to other formats, it will
bring costs on par with DVD, or
even cheaper, much sooner.
• Production facilities can
produce many more Blu-ray
Discs in the same time period as
DVDs. Also, contrary to some
rumors circulating, Blu-ray Discs
do not require cartridges for any
of the format variations (BD
ROM, BD RE, and BD R).
Capacity
• The Blu-ray Disc
format offers the highest
capacity of any consumer
media format to date, also
greatly surpassing the
capacity of other format
proposals.
• Blu-ray Disc's huge
capacity allows not only for
the highest quality High
Definition video to be
recorded at large bit rates
(thereby eliminating the need
for tight compression that
could affect picture quality),
it also opens the doors to new
and existing applications.
• Think of extra sessions
on a disc that could be
unlocked when a user's Blu-
ray Disc player connects to
the Internet to validate
authorization.
• Or what about bonus
material and special features
that will eventually also be
recorded in High Definition
quality? With Blu-ray Disc's
large capacity, these extras
can be included in high
quality on the same disc, so
there is no need for separate
bonus discs to accompany the
movie title. Only Blu-ray
Disc will be able to offer
these value-added options.
 Robustness of Disc
The AACS decryption process
• As the result of
recent breakthroughs in
the development of hard
coating for Blu-ray Disc,
the discs offer much
stronger resistance to
scratches and fingerprints
than other existing and
proposed formats.
• Hard-coated Blu-ray
Discs do not require a
cartridge and can be used
as a bare disc, similar to
DVD and CD. This The Advanced Access Content System
avoids extra production (AACS) is a standard for content
costs, and allows for distribution and digital rights
small form factor management.
applications, such as the
implementation of Blu-
ray Disc drives in a BD APPLICATIONS
notebook computer.
• The hard-coating 1. High Definition Television Recording
technology is used for BD 2. High Definition Video
ROM discs, giving them Distribution
the same bare disc look 3. High Definition Camcorder
and feel consumers know Archiving
from DVD, and it can be 4. Mass Data Storage
applied to rewritable and 5. Digital Asset Management and
recordable Blu-ray Discs 6.Professional Storage
as well.
 The Blu-ray Disc format was
designed to offer the best
performance and features for a
wide variety of applications.
Digital rights management  High Definition video
distribution is one of the key
The Blu-ray Disc format employs features of Blu-ray Disc, but the
several layers of digital rights format's versatile design and top-
management. of-the-line specifications mean
 that it is suitable for a full range
of other purposes as well.
High Definition Television
Recording
 High Definition
broadcasting is vastly
expanding in the U.S. and
Asia.
 Consumers are
increasingly making the
switch to HDTV sets to enjoy
the best possible television
experience.
 The Blu-ray Disc format
offers consumers the ability
to record their High
Definition television
broadcasts in their original
quality for the first time,
preserving the pure picture
and audio level as offered by
the broadcaster.
 As such it will become
the next level in home
entertainment, offering an
unsurpassed user experience.
 And since the Blu-ray
Disc format incorporates the
strongest copy protection
algorithms of any format or
proposal to date, the format
allows for recording of digital
broadcasts while meeting the
content protection demands
of the broadcast industry.
High Definition Camcorder
Archiving
 As the market penetration of
High Definition TV sets
continues to grow, so does the
demand of consumers to create
their own HD recordings.
 With the advent of the first
HD camcorders, consumers can
now for the first time record their
own home movies in a quality
level unlike any before.
 As these camcorders are
tape-based, consumers cannot
benefit from the convenience and
direct access features they are
used to from DVD players and
recorders.
 Now, the Blu-ray Disc
format, with its unprecedented
storage capacity, allows for the
HD video recorded with an HD
camcorder to be converted and
recorded on a Blu-ray Disc.
 When the HD content is
stored on a Blu-ray Disc, it can
be randomly accessed in a way
comparable to DVD.
Furthermore, the disc can be
safely stored for many years,
without the risk of tape wear.
Mass Data Storage
 In its day, CD-R/RW meant
a huge increase in storage
capacity compared to traditional
storage media with its 650 MB.
 Then DVD surpassed this
amount by offering 4.7 to 8.5 GB
of storage, an impressive 5-10 x
increase.
 Now consumers demand an
even bigger storage capacity.
 The growing number of
broadband connections allowing
consumers to download vast
amounts of data, as well as the
ever increasing audio, video and
 photo capabilities of personal
computers have led to yet
another level in data storage
requirements.
 In addition, commercial
storage requirements are growing
exponentially due to the
proliferation of e-mail and the
migration to paperless processes.
 The Blu-ray Disc format
again offers 5-10 x as much
capacity as traditional DVD
resulting in 25 to 50 GB of data
to be stored on a single
rewritable or recordable disc.
 As Blu-ray Disc uses the
same form factor as CD and
DVD, this allows for Blu-ray
Disc drives that can still read and
write to CD and DVD media as
well.
stored in a different location for
backup and safekeeping.
BD vs. DVD
♦ Just as DVD meant a five
to ten time increase in
storage capacity compared to
CD, Blu-ray Disc will
increase DVD capacity by
five to ten times.
♦ This is due, among other
reasons, to the usage of a
blue instead of a red laser and
improved lens specifications,
allowing for a much smaller
focus laser beam which
enables the recording of
much smaller and higher
density pits on the disc.

Digital Asset Management and

Professional Storage

 Due to its high capacity, low cost per

GB and extremely versatile ways of
transferring data from one device to
another (because of Blu-ray Disc's
extremely wide adoption across the
industry), the format is optimized for
Digital Asset Management and other
professional applications that require
vast amounts of storage space.
 Think of medical archives that may
contain numerous diagnostic scans in  Due to the fact that the data
the highest resolution, or catalogs of layer on a Blu-ray Disc is placed
audiovisual assets that need to be much "closer" to the laser lens
instantly retrieved in a random than in DVD (or even the HD-
manner, without the need to "restore" DVD proposal), there is less
data from a storage carrier. distortion resulting in
 One Blu-ray Disc may replace many significantly improved
backup tapes, CDs, DVDs or other tolerances.
less common or proprietary storage
media. And contrary to network • Hence, more precision and
solutions, the discs can be physically ultra high storage densities are
 made possible.
• As a result of Blu-ray Disc
being manufactured as a single
substrate disc comparable to CD,
but unlike DVD (and the HD-
DVD proposal), the
manufacturing process does not
involve the bonding of two
substrates, resulting in less
production material, a shorter
production time.
• Hence lower production costs
per disc
• Blu-ray Disc has the same
physical characteristics as DVD
and CD, and like its
predecessors, it also does not
require a cartridge
• This makes it possible to
create Blu-ray Disc products that
are backwards compatible with
CD and DVD, allowing for a
seamless transition to the new
technology.
• Likewise, the technology is
perfectly suitable for integration
in small form factor equipment,
like notebook computers.
BENIFITS TO
INDUSTRY
Consumer Electronics
 The consumer electronics
industry is rapidly migrating
toward High Definition.
 In the U.S., over seven
million digital televisions
(DTVs) have already been sold.
 Demand for HD
programming is rapidly growing.
Digital TV is currently
established in the U.S., with 85%
household penetration by 2010.
 In this light, consumers will
demand playback and recording
equipment giving them the most
benefits from their High
Definition television sets.
 Blu-ray Disc offers the
best of both worlds.
 It is the ideal content
delivery system for pre-recorded
media, while, at the same time,
featuring the most advanced
recording capability for owners
of HDTV’s.
 In fact, only Blu-ray Disc,
due to its enormous storage
capacity, allows consumers to
record large amounts of High
Definition broadcasts in the
absolute best quality, retaining
all the details from the original.
 Likewise, increased
popularity of Blu-ray Disc will
likely stimulate awareness and
sales of High Definition TV sets.
As more and more enriched
content or special editions
become available exclusively on
Blu-ray Disc, this will drive
consumers toward the adoption of
HDTV, even in areas with little High
Definition broadcasts, such as
Europe.
 Blu-ray Disc is supported
by all major consumer
electronics companies, including
Hitachi, LG Electronics,
Matsushita (Panasonic),
Mitsubishi, Pioneer, Philips,
Samsung, Sharp and Sony. This
will help accelerate the
widespread adoption of the
format in the consumer
electronics world.
 Blu-ray Disc is the solution
to this growing need.
 Offering 25 to 50 GB of
data on a single-sided disc, and
boasting a physical size identical
to that of today's DVD, storage
needs will be solved for many
years to come.
 A Blu-ray Disc is also a
very economical storage
medium, offering the lowest cost
per GB.
 What's more: a Blu-ray Disc
drive in a PC is also likely to
allow reading from and recording
to CD and DVD media, making
Blu-ray Disc the ideal upgrade.
 PC drive vendors will be
able to sell Blu-ray Disc drives in
the after-market, enabling
consumers to upgrade their
existing PCs to take advantage of
the larger storage capacity
offered by the format.
 Likewise, PC vendors can
equip their PCs with a Blu-ray
Disc drive as a line-fitted
solution, to make their products
stand out of the crowd.
 The world's largest
computer companies, including
Apple, HP and Dell, have
adopted the Blu-ray Disc format,
offering it as a line-fitted option
in their top-of-the-line models.
 As line-fitted drives in PCs
currently make up for about 75%
of DVD drives sold, such a
widespread adoption in the IT
industry will boost acceptance of
the Blu-ray Disc format.
Discs
Media manufacturers, both active in
blank media (recordable and
rewritable) and pre-recorded media
(used to distribute software, movies
and other content on ROM discs)
will enjoy great benefits by taking
up production of Blu-ray Disc
media.
As the Blu-ray Disc format is
supported by almost all consumer
electronics manufacturers in the
world, as well as the world's two
largest IT companies, there will be
an enormous boost of Blu-ray Disc
players, recorders and drives,
greatly accelerating demand for
Blu-ray Disc media.
• At the same output levels,
production costs for Blu-ray
Discs are about 10% higher than
DVD per disc.
• A production line can
produce more Blu-ray Discs per
hour, due to the curing times
required for the dyes. CONCLUSION:
• This results in increased
productivity and lower costs per • . Blu-ray discs not only
disc. Investment costs to convert have more storage
a DVD production line to Blu- capacity than traditional
ray Disc are expected to be DVD’s, but they also
comparable to the change from offer a new level of
CD to DVD. interactivity.
One of the major design goals of • Blu-ray disc (bd) is a next
Blu-ray Disc is that the format generation optical disc
should be viable for at least 10 to 15 format meant for storage
years. of high definition video
For this, a major leap in storage and high-density data.
capacity was needed, and this has
been achieved in the form of 25 to
50 GB disc capacity.
REFERENCES:
Other formats might have required
• Blu-ray Disc authoring
less initial investment fees due to
• Blu-ray Disc recordable
their similarities with DVD
• www.businesswire.com
(although similarity with DVD also
• www.blu-ray.com
would have involved extra costs due
• www.hd-report.com
the bonding process), but they were
not likely to last as long as Blu-ray
Disc.
This would have required an
additional change in the production
lines as soon as the format becomes
outdated and newer formats appear,
overall resulting in much higher
investment costs.