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Name- Shilpi Saraswat

Enrollment No.-09BSHYD0778

Section-BECG (F)

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Benjamin Franklin was an author, a painter, an inventor, a father, a politician, and the first
American Ambassador to France. He invented bifocals, swim flippers, lightening rods, and the
Franklin stove. He founded a public library, a hospital, and insurance company and a fire
department. He helped write the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. His
distinct qualities were:

‡ Temperance - eat not to dullness; drink not to elation.

‡ Silence - Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.
‡ Order - Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.
‡ Resolution - Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.
‡ Frugality - Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; that is, was nothing.
‡ Industrious - Lose no time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all
unnecessary actions.
‡ Sincerity - Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly; speak accordingly.
‡ Justice - Wrong none by doing injuries; or omitting the benefits of your duty.
‡ Moderation - Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they
deserve.
‡ Cleanliness - Tolerate no un cleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation.
‡ Tranquility - Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents common or unavoidable.
‡ Chastity - Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or
the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.

· c

William Henry "Bill" Gates III is an American business magnate, philanthropist, author and
chairman of Microsoft. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer
revolution. Although he is admired by many, a number of industry insiders criticize his business
tactics, which they consider anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld
by the courts.

In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors. In 2000,
Gates and his wife combined three family foundations into one to create the charitable Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation, which is the largest transparently operated charitable foundation in
the world. The foundation is set up to allow benefactors access to how its money is being spent,
unlike other major charitable organizations such as the Welcome Trust. His qualities are:

‡ INTELLIGENT He believes that if you are intelligent and know how to apply your
intelligence, you can achieve anything. From childhood Bill was ambitious, intelligent
and competitive. These qualities helped him to attain top position in the profession he
chose.
‡ *ISIONARY - Microsoft's vision is "A computer on every desk and Microsoft software
on every computer he will continue to stomp out the competition until he dies. Every
business and household must have a computer and must run Microsoft software´, was
the basic guiding vision of Bill Gates.
‡ PASSION - When as a student at the Harvard University, every single student would
have wanted to be part of the great institute and graduate to be successful, Bill Gates
decided to stop studying and pursue his dream of writing software¶s for every computer
in the world. He was just passionate about software, coding and technology that
incidentally also made him the richest man in the world
‡ INNO*ATION - In late 1977, Gates released a version of FORTRAN language for
microcomputers. In 1978, Gates and Allen introduced a version of COBOL.
‡ RISK BEARER - In his junior year, Gates dropped out of Harvard to devote his
energies full-time to Microsoft, a company he had started in 1975 with his boyhood
friend Paul Allen development of new products.
‡ CONTINOUS LEARNER - ³Microsoft is not about greed. It¶s about Innovation and
Fairness.´ ± Bill Gates. Never stop learning was the Mantra of Bill Gates which he
follow till date. This empowers him to be a Great Leader of our times.

â  
 
‡ He spent the last 20 years of his life concentrating most of his energy, his time, and some
of his money on, first, preventing the American annexation of the Philippines.
‡ He gave free tuition, set up a $10 million grant, gave a $10 million trust, to provide free
tuition and fees for university students in Scotland. Another $10 million trust to establish
the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, which provided pensions for
university professors in the United States.
‡ He set up a Hero Fund as part of his peace activism to honor heroes in civilian life. He
did not believe that soldiers and sailors, who were trained to kill and maim the enemy,
should be honored as the only heroes. So he set up a Hero Fund in the United States, first
in Pittsburgh, then in Canada, then in five, six, seven nations in Europe.
    
‡ Horn and Hardart initiated their first Automat restaurant in the USA in Philadelphia on
June 12, 1902, borrowing the concept of automatic food service from a successful
German establishment.
‡ Automats remained extremely popular throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The company
also popularized the notion of ³take-out´ food, with their slogan ³Less work for Mother´.

 !""

‡ W.K. Kellogg, built the company on a foundation of integrity, and his passion, vision
and values live on at Kellogg even today.
‡ His comittment to promoting a solid ethical environment exists within the company.
Kellogg Company has a rich history of corporate social responsibility -- a history that
has grown and evolved to meet the complexities of today's business world and the
challenges of a global society.
‡ The elite list of companies were recognized for their strong leadership in ethics and
compliance, advancement of industry discourse on social and ethical issues, and positive
engagement in the communities in which they operate.
‡ He also focuses on the development and advancement of its members through increased
efficiency, innovation, tools, mentoring, advice, and unique career opportunities.
‡ The Ethisphere Council was created in 2006 by Corpedia, a leader in risk assessment
and eLearning for ethics and compliance, the Practising Law Institute, a non-profit
organization committed to enhancing he professionalism of attorneys and others and
LexisNexis, a leading provider of comprehensive information and business solutions;
and formed with support from such leading corporations as Deutsche Telekom.

'  #

‡ Integrity was a key value of the Company when it was established by Milton Hershey
more than a century ago, and it remains an essential part of our culture to this day.
‡ He was committed to excellence in corporate governance, and are blessed with a top
quality Board of Directors. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines ("Guidelines") are
reviewed annually by the Board and were last amended on February 23, 2010.
‡ All directors and employees must undergo training and annually certify their adherence
to the Code.
‡ He maintains a Concern Line, staffed by an independent third party, for receipt of
reports by use of a toll-free telephone number or website. Reports may be received
anonymously by these methods, or by mail. Contact information is printed in the Code,
on the Company intranet and on posters displayed at Company facilities. The Board has
approved the Company's Procedures For Submission & Handling of Complaints
Regarding Compliance Matters. Stockholders also may contact the independent directors
 or the Audit Committee by mail, email, or the Concern Line¶s toll-free telephone number
website.
‡ Retaliation for good faith submission of a report is against Company policy. The
Company encourages good faith reporting of concerns. Hershey¶s corporate level
strategy is focused intently on growth and capitalizing on the diversification of its brand
in the global market.
‡ The business level strategy for The Hershey Company focuses on a combined strategy
integrating overall low cost and differentiation.
‡ The goal of focusing on this integrated strategy is to provide two types of premium value
to customers, differentiated attributes and lower prices. The Hershey Company¶s main
goal becomes one of providing unique value to customers in an efficient manner.
‡ The ethical theory relating the responsibility of a society to a company, corporation, or
business can be referred to as a company¶s social responsibility. A company may express
a responsibility by pledging to act in a certain way.
‡ A company can also refrain from an action or activity to participate in social
responsibility. A company who helps society is viewed in a positive light. However, a
company who harms society will have a negative reputation. ³At The Hershey Company,
we¶re committed to making a difference in the communities where we live, work and do
business,´ (www.hersheys.com). This statement taken from Hershey¶s company website
expresses their attitude toward social responsibility. Their efforts show that Hershey is a
company who believes in helping people and the environment.

˜   
‡ Thomas Edison's numerous patents and inventions are among the most recognizable of
the 20th century. He is credited with a mind-boggling 1,093 patents and inventions, more
than any other individual in history. His rich legacy can serve as an inspiration to--and
guide for--today's long-term care (LTC) professionals, who face daunting pressures and
complexities.
‡ Creating a System of Innovation. His main purpose in life is to make enough money to
create ever more inventions.
‡ Understanding "Innovation". He never perfected an invention that I did not think about in
terms of the service it might give others ... I find out what the world needs, then I proceed
to invent.
‡ Establishing Creative Equitability .
‡ Edison understood that innovation does not consist solely of new inventions; incremental
innovations can be equally important.
‡ Edison was all about seeking change, about resourcefulness and about risk taking.
ë  $%&'
‡ Rockefeller used the 'individual freedom' to pursue several extremely successful and
deceitful tactics to accumulate capital.
‡ Mr. Rockefeller makes much more impression by his charities which are indeed one
expression of his religion. Mr. Rockefeller has always held that methodical giving was a
part of a Christian's duty. Again and again he has stated this view in his Sunday school
talks. ³I believe it is a religious duty to get all the money you can fairly and honestly;"
‡ The range of his giving is very wide. It may be said to begin with the distribution of Mr.
Rockefeller's own cast-off clothing.
‡ Mr. Rockefeller has distributed some seven millions among other institutions, ranging
from $25.000 to the William Jewell University to $1.375.000 to Barnard College.
Rockefeller¶s interest in medical work is almost as great as in education.
‡ The Rush Medical College has received $6.000.000 from him. His gift of $5.000.000 to
Johns Hopkins Hospital to help it out of the embarrassment caused by the Baltimore fire
is still fresh in mind. He has given several hundred thousand to the Y.M.C.A. He has
given the Baptist Missionary Society about one million.

  &(
‡ He has a desire to reinvent himself propelled him to levels of financial success few could
attain.
‡ Astor was ruthless and stingy, but he had a flair for business. Sounds like a viable
strategy.
‡ He had an uncanny ability for high-tailing it out of a business before it went bust.
‡ Astor offers a historical insight into a vibrant, growing American economy, as well as a
glimpse of a man who made the most of his time here.
‡ John Jacob Astor's business practices had a lasting impact on business and society for
many years to come. His business practices set a precedent for other big business trusts
that came after him. John Jacob Astor followed a "dominance model" type of
management.

)*+#
‡ Pierre Morad Omidyar is a French-born Iranian entrepreneur and hilanthropist/economist,
and the founder/chairman of the eBay auction site.
‡ Omidyar Network is a philanthropic investment firm dedicated to harnessing the power
of markets to create opportunity for people to improve their lives. Established in 2004 by
eBay founder Pierre Omidyar and his wife Pam, the organization invests in and helps
scale innovative organizations to catalyze economic, social, and political change.
‡ Omidyar Network has committed more than $270 million to for-profit companies and
nonprofit organizations that foster economic advancement and encourage individual
 participation across multiple investment areas, including microfinance, property rights,
government transparency, and social media.

&,$

He is an American business magnate and the founder and chief executive officer of Dell Inc. He
is one of the richest people in the world, with a net worth of US$13.5 billion in 2010. His
qualities:

‡ Set a Common Goal. Mobilize your people around a common goal. Help them feel a
part of something genuine, special, and important, and you'll inspire real passion and
loyalty.
‡ Communicate Commitment. Invest in mutual long-term goals by hiring ahead of the
game and communicating this commitment to your people.
‡ Facilitate Personal Growth. Cultivate commitment to personal growth.
‡ Success isn't static ± and your culture shouldn't be either. Pay attention to what your best
people are achieving, and build an infrastructure that rewards mastery.
‡ The best way to keep the most talented people is to allow their jobs to change with them.
Sometimes, reducing their responsibilities will give them the space to tackle new
opportunities and to expand ± and your business will expand too.
‡ Encourage people to take risk. Do your best to make sure that people aren't afraid of the
possibility of failure, do a lot of experiments and learn from failures.
‡ Get Involved. Even if you can't go on sales calls, or drop by meetings, use e-mail or the
Internet to stay in touch with people at all levels of the organization and especially with
those in faraway locations whom you don't see as often as you'd like. Think of this as a
way of immersing yourself in real information, with real people, that will allow you to
react in real time.

·''#* 

"Jeff" Bezos is the founder, president, chief executive officer and chairman of the board of
Amazon.com. Bezos.

‡ His leadership team have a tradition of visiting the Amazon.com Fulfillment Centers,
spends time with the associates, and also physically works on the floor alongside
everyone else. Jeff properly facilitates the why exercise to arrive at a root cause: he never
blame people or groups ² no finger pointing.

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‡ Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs is an American businessmagnate and inventor. He is well-
known for being the co-founder and chief executive officer of Apple. Much has been
made of Jobs' aggressive and demanding personality. Fortune wrote that he "is considered
 one of Silicon *alley's leading egomaniacs´. Jef Raskin, a former colleague, once said
that Jobs "would have made an excellent king of France," alluding to Jobs' compelling
and larger-than-life persona.
‡ Jobs has always aspired to position Apple and its products at the forefront of the
information technology industry by foreseeing and setting trends, at least in innovation
and style. He summed up that self-concept at the end of his keynote speech at the
Macworld Conference and Expo in January 2007 by quoting ice hockey legend Wayne
Gretzky.

+! '#
‡ He is an American television host, actress, producer, and philanthropist, best known for
her self-titled, multi-award winning talk show, which has become the highest-rated
program of its kind in history. She has been ranked the richest African American of the
20th century and beyond, the greatest black philanthropist in American history and was
once the world's only black billionaire.
‡ Oprah is a great entertainer and leader. She worked her way to the top. She runs a
magazine, a tv show, opened an Academy for Girls in Africa, produces Broadway shows,
has a book club (inactive) and knows how to earn money and make it look easy.
‡ She's a leader, coach, talented, can talk about anything to anybody and does it
intelligently. She's very influential In 1998, Winfrey began Oprah's Angel Network, a
charity aimed at encouraging people around the world to make a difference in the lives of
underprivileged others.
‡ Accordingly, Oprah's Angel Network supports charitable projects and provides grants to
nonprofit organizations around the world that share this vision. Winfrey personally
donates more of her own money to charity than any other show-business celebrity in
America. In 2005 she became the first black person listed by Business Week as one of
America's top 50 most generous philanthropists, having given an estimated $303 million.
In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, Oprah asked her viewers to open their hearts²and
they did. Winfrey has also helped 250 African-American men continue or complete their
education at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia.

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‡ His overall leadership principle rests on the need to treat other people with respect.
‡ He places enormous value on time-management skills. Branson hires bright people,
gives them a stake in his ventures so that they are motivated to be even more successful
and then delegates.
‡ Part of being a good leader, according to Branson, is also the ability to know when to
back away from a task. Branson, the most important factor of good leadership is relating
to other people. ³If you¶re good with people«and you really care, genuinely care about
people then I¶m sure we could find a job for you at *irgin,´ he says. ³The companies
 that look after their people are the companies that do really well. I¶m sure we¶d like a
few other attributes, but that would be the most important one.´ Treating his employees
as important team players is crucial to the success of Branson¶s *irgin Empires, putting
employees first, customers second, and shareholders third. With one of the most licensed
brands in the world, Branson has demonstrated perhaps better than any other
entrepreneur of the 20th century how good leadership skills can make the difference
between success and failure.

',., ,

‡ Bona fide visionary is one phrase that can be used to describe Muhammad Yunus. Ever
since he was very young, it is evident that Muhammad has had a clear vision of what the
world should be and hence developed this leadership characteristic quite early on in life.
‡ *isionaries have the tendency to identify a problem, and arrive at a solution effectively.
Muhammad¶s work reflects this. His work is a rethink of the relationship between the
rich and the poor.
‡ He has taken elementary economic wealth creation methods and made it available to the
very poor and disadvantaged. From his life work it would be evident Muhammad adopts
an internal locus of control. The main example that can be used to illustrate this is the
way Muhammad has created an empire through his vision of a poverty free world. The
way in which Muhammad began his ideas of Micro Credit demonstrates an immense
internal locus of control.

˜ #/
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‡ It has been asserted that machine production kills the creative ability of the craftsman.
This is not true. The machine demands that man be its master; it compels mastery more
than the old methods did.
‡ There are two ways of making money - one at the expense of others, the other by service
to others. The first method does not "make" money, does not create anything; it only
"gets" money - and does not always succeed in that. In the last analysis, the so-called
gainer loses. The second way pays twice - to maker and user, to seller and buyer. It
receives by creating, and receives only a just share, because no one is entitled to all.
Nature and humanity supply too many necessary partners for that. True riches make
wealthier the country as a whole.
‡ A problem is a challenge to your intelligence. Problems are only problems until they are
solved, and the solution confers a reward upon the solver. Instead of avoiding problems,
we should welcome them and through right thinking make them pay us profits.
‡ Ford was adamantly against labor unions.
‡ He believed that productivity gains that obviated certain jobs would nevertheless
stimulate the larger economy and thus grow new jobs elsewhere, whether within the
same corporation or in others.

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)· ·))

‡ Ray Kroc was born in 1902. It was a time in America where men and women were
increasingly trying their hand at entrepreneurship. The country had moved out of the dark
ages and these people wanted to lead from the front. It was the age of William Durant and
Henry Ford. It was the age of the great nation builders.
‡ He was the mastermind behind the worldwide McDonald's fast food franchise. He
bought the fledgling restaurant chain in 1955 and grew it into the largest, most influential
fast food chain in the world. .
‡ Ray Kroc believed that opportunity only knocked once and took his chances as they
came.
‡ As a milk-shake machine salesman, Raymond Kroc routinely paid visits to clients. But
when the fifty-two-year-old salesman traveled from his home near Chicago to southern
California to meet two of his biggest clients, the result was anything but routine.
‡ The restaurant, owned by the McDonald brothers, Richard and Maurice, ran eight of the
same milkshake machines sold by the fifty-two year old Kroc. Since each machine could
spin five milkshakes at once, Kroc was intrigued by the idea of a restaurant that needed
the ability to make forty milkshakes at a time. He traveled to California and, upon seeing
the orderly, efficient restaurant that served a huge community; Ray Kroc was convinced
he could sell the machines to every McDonald store that opened.
‡ Kroc envisioned a restaurant that ran like a factory and produced hot food, fast
service,and with consistent quality no matter where he opened a restaurant. He saw food
preparation as a process and broke it down into steps that could be duplicated in any of
his restaurants. This way he could keep the product the same no matter where the
McDonald's was located.

 -/

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‡ Andrew S. Grove is Senior Advisor to Intel Corporation. Previously Grove was Chairman
of the Board of Intel Corporation from May 1997 to May 2005. From 1987 to 1998 he
served as the company¶s CEO and from 1979 to 1997 he served as President. Prior to
participating in the founding of Intel in 1968 with Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, he
worked as the Assistant Director of Research and Development for Fairchild
Semiconductor.
‡ Grove is credited with having transformed Intel from a manufacturer of memory chips
into one of the world's dominant producers of microprocessors.
‡ During his tenure as CEO, Grove oversaw a 4,500% increase in Intel's market
capitalization from $4 billion to $197 billion, making it, at the time, the world's most
valuable company.
‡ He relinquished his CEO title in May 1998 and remained chairman of the board until
November 2004. Grove continues his work at Intel as a senior advisor.
 ‡ Grove rrose from being a penniless Hungarian refugee to an engineer hired as Intel's third
employee, eventually heading the corporation²"one of the most profitable companies in
all of business history.

·)%0, /

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‡ Ralph Lauren is an American fashion designer and executive of the internationally
recognized Ralph Lauren brand of products and clothing. He grew up in the Bronx, a
neighborhood in the southern area of New York City, and acquired a taste for expensive
clothing at an early age.
‡ The department store Bloomingdale's originally tried to prevent Ralph Lauren from
selling his new line of ties and attempted to persuade him to change the look and label of
the accessories. Lauren resisted and continued on his quest for quality and branding. He
succeeded, later selling his goods with Bloomingdale's under his own terms.
‡ Lauren expanded his tie business to include all forms of business and casual attire. In the
1980s, Lauren suits were considered the high style in corporate circles. Although his
designs were later pushed aside by designers such as Armani, Lauren was still able to
influence the public through his wide range of quality casual attire.
‡ Ralph Lauren later introduced Polo and Ralph Lauren lines of linens, perfumes, colognes,
paints, and a variety of household goods. Ralph Lauren stores are scattered through the
US and his designs are sold in countless stores and malls.

·

!/
ë'˜



Madam C.J Walker was born Sarah Breedlove, on December 23, 1867 in Delta, Louisiana to
Owen and Minerva Breedlove. One of six children; she had a sister Louvenia and 4 brothers. In
1917 Madam C.J. Walker was one of the wealthiest women in the United States. She developed
a line of cosmetics and hair products especially for African-American women. She trained many
women to become sales representatives.

‡ She had worked hard all her life, beginning in the cotton fields and later as a
washerwoman when she was young.
‡ It was a popular notion among black women at that time that shampooing was not good
for the hair. When she had a scalp problems she experimented and developed products to
cure her own problem and in doing so started a very lucrative business which would
benefit her and many other African- American women who used the products and went
into business for themselves in the "Walker System".
‡ She opened a beauty salon, then a school to train agents to sell the products. She named
it Lelia College after her daughter. The graduates received certificates and were called
hair culturists
‡ Walker expanded her business again by going to the Caribbean and Central America. By
1917 she had trained 20,000 agents.
‡ Madam Walker was an entrepreneur who built her empire developing hair products for
black women. She claims to have built her company on an actual dream where a large
black man appeared to her and gave her a formula for curing baldness.
‡ When confronted with the idea that she was trying to conform black women's hair to
that of whites, she stressed that her products were simply an attempt to help black
women take proper care of their hair and promote its growth.
‡ She became an inspiration to many black women. Fully recognizing the power of her
wealth and success she lectured to promote her business which in turn empowered other
women in business.
‡ She gave lectures on black issues at conventions sponsored by powerful black
institutions. She also encouraged black Americans to support the cause of World War I
and worked to have black veterans granted full respect.

·· 0,/

)˜ ·))˜

‡ An astute businesswoman, she made a fortune manufacturing, marketing, and
distributing cosmetics to women around the world. The Estee Lauder biography is a
story of an anything but ordinary woman. Born Josephine Esther Mentzer on July 1,
1908 in Queens, New York, the cosmetics queen the world would later come to know as
Estee Lauder grew up in a busy household. She was the youngest of nine children to
parents who had immigrated from Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Her father owned a
hardware store in Queens, above which the family lived in a small apartment.
‡ One of the pivotal turning points in her life story was when the young girl went to work
for her uncle, Dr. Schotz. Schotz was a chemist for New Way Laboratories, where
Lauder first began her career in sales by selling some of the creams her uncle was
making.
‡ She became quite successful in promoting such products as the Six-In-One Cold Cream
and the Dr. Schotz *iennese Cream to salons and resorts throughout the city. When she
was 22, Lauder married textile salesman Joseph Lauder. Together, the two continued to
make creams in an old restaurant they had converted into a factory. Supportive of his
wife, Joseph Lauder agreed to help form his wife¶s company, which they did in 1947. It
was at that point that this life story would become one of national interest.
‡ By the mid-1970s, the company had grown so large and so popular that its products
could be bought in over 70 countries. Thanks to its namesake¶s single-handed
determination, the company had become responsible for 50 percent of all retail beauty
products sold in the U.S. by the end of the millennium.

·â  /

)
·))˜

‡ With the end of Prohibition, the Gallo brothers set out to dominate what was then a
relatively small and down-market American wine industry. Ernest wanted the company to
be the "Campbell Soup company of the wine industry" and effectively marketed cheap.
‡ As the company grew, eventually becoming the largest winemaker in the country and
then the world.
‡ The Gallos learned the value of political connections as they built their wine empire and
dealt with liquor regulators at the national, state, and sometimes county levels. They
contributed to the campaigns of then-Congressman Leon Panetta, US Senator Alan
Cranston, and California Governor Pete Wilson. In 1978, Cranston pushed an amendment
custom-tailored to allow the family to spread inheritance tax payments out over several
years through the Senate.
‡ The move saved the Gallos millions of dollars. As the family has grown, so has its
fortune, and Ernest has long been anxious to protect the business he plans to leave to his
heirs. He wrote recently, "I look forward to [my grandchildren] coming into their winery.
‡ E&J Winery addressed consumers' desires by making a great variety of wines that are not
only affordable but also have easy-to-remember names that do away with fancy,
difficultto-pronounce and pretentious labels that other wines have.
‡ The Gallos' marketing genius and strategies paid off when America gradually patronized
Gallo wines over their competitors. Ernest and Julio Gallo further expanded their line of
wines, and had even acquired properties such as Anapamu Cellars, Indigo Hills, Louis M.
Martini, MacMurray Ranch, Marcelina *ineyards, Mirassou *ineyards, Rancho Zabaco,
and Frei Brothers.

· ! 
‡ Watson spent most of his training time learning about IBM's punch card system, an
automated accounting system. Although he did poorly in school, he graduated and was
given a prime sales territory, the western half of Manhattan's financial district. He did
very well, but felt it was because of who he was, not what he did. His three years in sales
were full of self doubt. By 1940, Watson made some sales calls in the morning and spent
the rest of the day flying airplanes.
‡ Watson's management style differed from his father's. Watson wanted managers to use
their imaginations and to make decisions without always checking in with him. Although
Watson could be harsh, he tried to loosen things up at IBM. Soft collars on shirts, rather
than hard ones, were now allowed. IBM employees could have an occasional drink.
Watson also decentralized the company's administration, encouraged more research and
development, and increased the company's debt.
‡ Although Watson intended to retire from IBM in 1974, he had a heart attack in late 1970
that caused him to reconsider the decision. After he recovered, he decided that he wanted
to live more than he wanted to run IBM. Thomas Learson assumed the chairmanship and
Frank Cary took over as president and CEO. Watson remained as the head of the board's
executive committee, where he could retain some control. During his time at IBM,
 Watson oversaw the remarkable growth of the company. In 1957, the company hit $1
billion in sales. When he resigned in 1971, the company had sales of $7.5 billion a year.
‡ Because he was one of the few liberal businessmen of the times, Watson became
involved with government during the Kennedy years. He served on several committees
and commissions, including the Advisory Committee on Labor-Management Policy,
which dealt with unemployment, and the Peace Corps steering committee. Watson and
his wife attended many social events at the White House.
‡ President Johnson asked Watson to be his secretary of commerce, but Watson turned
him down. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter asked Watson to chair the General Advisory
Committee on Arms Control and Disarmament (GAC).

·! /

·

‡ Sam Walton was a man who took chances, never said never, and kept on fighting the
odds. He was like no other man in this world. All through his life he has fought an up hill
battle and in the end he won. Sam Walton was a leader not a follower. Sam Walton grew
up during the depression and knew that hard work and thrift were a way of life. Sam was
described as to be industrious, always trying to get the most out of money, and had a
burning ambition to succeed. He was always an ambitious boy.
‡ Walton Grew up through the great depression and did many jobs to help his family meet
their financial needs.
‡ After graduation Walton started as a management trainee at JC Penney in Des Moines,
Iowa which paid $75 a month. In anticipation of joining the military for service in World
War II he quit his job and worked at a DuPont munitions plant in Oklahoma where he
met his wife, Helen Robson in 1942. They were married on February 14th 1943.
‡ In 1962 the first of the Wal-Mart stores opened its doors in Rogers, Arkansas to huge
success becoming the world¶s largest retail store chain. 2004 saw 1.5 million people
working for the Wal-Mart Corporation.
‡ 1998 saw Sam Walton move into Time Magazines top 100 most influential people of the
20^th Century, he also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his pioneering
efforts in 1992. Forbes also ranked him the richest man in the USA from 1985 to 1988.
Wal-Mart also operate Sam¶s Club warehouse stores.

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‡ Earl G. Graves Sr. was previously chairman and CEO of Pepsi-Cola of Washington,
D.C., L.P., and the largest minority-controlled Pepsi-Cola franchise in the United States.
The company spanned a franchise territory of more than 400 square miles, including
Washington, D.C. and Prince George's County, Maryland. He acquired the $60 million
franchise in July 1990 and at the end of 1998, sold it back to the parent company.
‡ Graves is a staunch advocate of higher education and equal opportunity.
 ‡ Graves was an administrative assistant to the late Senator Robert F. Kennedy from 1965
to 1968. After Senator Kennedy's assassination, Graves formed his own management
consulting firm to advise corporations on urban affairs and economic development.
‡ In 1999, he received the NAACP Spingarn Medal, the highest achievement award for
African Americans.

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‡ He is an American business magnate, television host, author, and magazine publisher. As
founder of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, she has gained success through a variety
of business ventures, encompassing publishing, broadcasting, and merchandising.
Stewart's syndicated talk show, Martha, is broadcast throughout the world, she has
written numerous bestselling books, and she is the publisher of Martha Stewart Living
magazine.

Top business leader Martha Stewart is known for five essential qualities:

‡ Pursue your purpose with passion. Anyone that knows Martha knows MSLO is the very
purpose of her life. No two breathes are taken without thoughts of her business.
‡ Practice solid values. Not every aspect of a great leader is based on a solid value,
however all great leaders have one or more solid values upon which they focus. For
Martha, her company is all about quality products for an improved lifestyle at great
value. No one can deny these attributes drive her actions.
‡ Lead with your heart as well as your head. The rumors about Martha are right. For the
most part, she sees people as a commodity. Never the less she demonstrates a heart for
helping those people working for her or with her to be successful. Yet it is more of a
team success than an individual success.
‡ Established connected relationships. Her relationship with Kmart symbolizes her view
of partnership. When Kmart filed for bankruptcy, Martha could easily have gone to
another retailer with her products.
‡ Demonstrate self-discipline. Martha's self-discipline is demonstrated by her unwavering
focus on her products and consumer demand. Little time is taken by Stewart for activities
not somehow relating to her MSLO business.

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He was born in july 24, 1945 in Mumbai.Under Premji¶s leadership , Wipro embarked on a
major expansion and diversification plan.

‡ He is a leader highly involved in the day ± day work.

‡ He believed in building and nurturing leadership at Wipro.
‡ He is also a demanding.
‡ He tries his best to empower the people around him.
 ‡ He is an inspirational leader.
‡ He is also honest, self-disciplined and with great integrity and values.

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He was born on 23 February, 1744 and was the founder of the Rothchild family international
Banking Dynasty. He basically started his business as a Dealer in rare coins which expnded to
the provision of Banking Services.

‡ The business was consolidated by early 19th century as the principal international banker
and began issuing international loans and borrowing capital from the Landgrave.

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He was originallly named as Ma He and was born in 1371.

£ After being sent to the Imperial court, he eventually became a trusted adviser to Yongle
Emperor. In 1425, he was appointed as the Defender of Nanjing by Hongxi Emperor.
£ Between 1405-1433 , Ming government sponsored a series of 7 naval expeditions,
designed to establish a Chinese presence, impose imperial control over the trade and
impress foreign people. Zheng He was appointed as the Admiral of these expeditions.
£ He was generally known to attain his goals by diplomacy but whenr equired he never
shrunk from violence. The voyages were highly successful under him.