CHAPTER 2

1. ENGLISH ALPHABET
2. INTRODUCING YOURSELF/SOMEONE ELSE: MEMPERKENALKAN DIRI SENDIRI /
MEMPERKENALKAN ORANG LAIN

INTRODUCING YOURSELF: MEMPERKENALKAN DIRI SENDIRI

EXPRESSIONS MEANING/ARTI
 I’m Syifa Rosyada  Saya Syifa Rosyada
 My name is Agung Prakosa  Nama saya Agung Prakoso
 Let me introduce myself. My name is …  Ijinkan saya memperkenalkan diri. Nama saya ….
 Allow me to introduce my self.
 I’m …. I come from ….  Saya adalah …. Saya berasal dari ….

INTRODUCING SOMEONE ELSE: MEMPERKENALKAN ORANG LAIN

EXPRESSIONS MEANING/ARTI RESPONSES MEANING
 I would like to  Saya ingin  I am …  Saya ….
introduce Dewa memperkenalkan  Nice/Glad/Pleased to  Senang
Dewa. meet/know you bertemu/berkenalan
 I would like you to  Saya ingin  It’s nice to meet/know denganmu
meet … memperkenalkanmu you, too  Senang
dengan ….  Glad/Pleased to bertemu/berkenalan
 Let’s meet.  Ayo kenalkan …. meet/know you. denganmu juga.
 Hi/Hello.  Hai/Halo.
 This is …  Ini adalah ….  How do you do?  Apa kabarmu?

Example:

Good morning, friends.

I would like to introduce myself.
My name is Syifa Rosyada.
Just call me Syifa.
It is es-wai-ai-ef-ei.
I am from SDN Online 1.
I’m 13 years old.
I live in Berdikari Street.
I like reading and cooking.
My favorite food is fried rice.
My favorite drink is avocado float.
I’m happy to study at MTsN 4 Kota Jambi.
It is nice to meet you.
Thank you.
3. PERSONAL PRONOUN (KATA GANTI ORANG/BENDA)

PERSONAL PRONOUN POSSESSIVE REFLEXIVE

NOTE
PRONOUN
SUBJECT OBJECT ADJECTIVE PRONOUN
I II III IV V
I: Saya ME MY MINE MYSELF 1st Singular person
YOU: Kamu YOU YOUR YOURS YOURSELF 2nd Singular person
HE: Dia (lk) HIM HIS HIS HIMSELF
SHE: Dia (pr) HER HER HERS HERSELF 3rd Singular person
IT: Dia (benda) IT ITS ITS ITSELF
WE: Kami/Kita US OUR OURS OURSELVES 1st Plural person
YOU: Kalian YOU YOUR YOURS YOURSELVES 2nd Plural person
THEY: Mereka THEM THEIR THEIRS THEMSELVES 3rd Plural person

I. Digunakan sebagai Subjek/Pelaku dalam kalimat.

II. Digunakan sebagai Objek dalam Kalimat, letaknya di belakang Verb (Kata Kerja) atau Preposition (Kata
Depan)
III. Digunakan sebagai Keterangan Kepunyaan dan diikuti oleh NOUN (Kata Benda) yang dimiliki di
belakangnya. Bentuk ini tak punya arti yang berdiri sendiri sebab selalu terikat oleh kata yang dimilikinya.
IV. Digunakan sebagai Kata Ganti Kepunyaan yang berdiri sendiri, dan merupakan pengganti kata benda yang
dimilikinya.
V. a. Bila Objek sama dengan Subjeknya, maka Objek tersebut bisa dibentuk Reflexive Prounounnya
Ex. I hit me = I hit myself.
b. Berfungsi juga sebagai penegasan Pronoun (Kata Ganti Orang) yang bersangkutan.
Ex. He himself comes to my house

4. VERB TO BE (IS, AM, ARE)

 To Be (dalam Simple Present Tense) mempunyai 3 macam perubahan menurut Subjek yang diikutinya:
a. Am untuk Subjek I
b. Is untuk Subjek He, She, It
c. Are untuk You, We, They

 Pattern:
(+) Affirmative S + am/is/are + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
(-) Negative S + am/is/are + not + Noun/Adjective/Adverb
(?) Interrogative am/is/are + S +Noun/Adjective/Adverb?

 Examples:
Subject (Noun/Pronoun) To Be Adjective Noun Adverb
I Am happy - -
You/We/They Are - - Here now
He/She/It Is clever - -
My uncle Is - A teacher -
The boys Are diligent Students -
The baby is - My sister -

 Notes:
 Subject (S) : Subjek/Pelaku
 Object (O) : Objek
 Adjective (Adj) : Kata Sifat
 Noun (N) : Kata Benda
 Adverb (Adv) : Kata Keterangan

5. EXPRESSING POSSESSION: MENYATAKAN KEPEMILIKAN

There are three ways of expressing possession/kepemilikan:
1. Using Verb Have/Has
 Verb Have menyatakan milik (mempunyai) dan selalu diikuti benda yang dimilikinya.
 Ada 2 macam perubahan pada verb/kata kerja Have (mempunyai):
- Have untuk I, You, We, They dan yang diwakilinya.
- Has untuk He, She, It dan yang diwakilinya.
 Pattern:
(+) Affirmative Subject + Have/Has + Noun
(-) Negative Subject + Have/Has + not + Noun
(?) Interrogative Have/Has + Subject + Noun ?
 Examples:
(+) I have a new pen (+) Sinta has a pretty doll
(-) I do not have a new pen (-) Sinta does not have a pretty doll
(?) Do you have a new pen? Yes, I do (?) Does Sinta have a pretty doll? Yes, she does
No, I don’t No, she doesn’t
2. Using Possessive Adjective
Selain menggunakan Verb Have/Has, untuk menyatakan kepemilikan bisa juga dengan menggunakan
Possessive Adjective.
Examples:
1. I have a new classroom.
My classroom is big.
2. She is a student.
Her name is Nurul.
Note:
I and She are Subject Pronoun. My and Her are Possessive Adjective.

SINGULAR
SUBJECT PRONOUN POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
I have a friend My friend = teman saya
You have a friend Your friend = temanmu
He has a friend His friend = temannya (lk)
She has a friend Her friend = temannya (pr)
It has a friend Its friend = temannya

PLURAL
SUBJECT PRONOUN POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
We have a friend Our friend = teman kami/kita
You have a friend Your friend = temanmu
They have a friend Their friend = teman mereka
3. Using Apostrophe (‘s)
Subject Possessive for someone’s name Note
Rudi Rudi’s book = Buku (milik) Rudi Bila suku kata diakhiri suara
Venus Venus’ satellite = Satelit (milik) planet Venus desis atau dalam bentuk
Aziz Aziz’ pen = pena (milik) Aziz jamak/plural, maka hanya ditulis
Bird Bird’s wing = Sayap (milik) burung apostrophe ‘ saja.
Birds Birds’ wing = Sayp-sayap (milik) burung-burung
6. ARTICLE A, AN, THE

Artikel (Kata Sandang) terdiri dari a, an dan the.

Article a dan an:
 Digunakan di depan nama jabatan atau pekerjaan atau ketika sebuah benda diperkenalkan.
 Bisa diartikan sebuah, seekor, setangkai, sebutir, dll yang jumlahnya 1 atau bias juga tidak diartikan.
 Digunakan di depan kata benda tunggal (jumlahnya 1) yang dapat dihitung/Countable Noun
 Tidak diletakkan di depan Uncountable Noun (Kata Benda yang tidak dapat dihitung)
 Tidak digunakan sebelum nama jalan, atau gelar yang diikuti nama orang dan PLURAL NOUN

A digunakan di awal kata yang berbunyi konsonan/huruf mati

Ex:
A bag = sebuah tas
A car = sebuah mobil
An digunakan di awal kata yang berbunyi vocal/huruf hidup (a, I, u, e, o)
Ex:
An envelope = sebuah amplop
An egg = sebutir telur
Article The digunakan:
 Menyertai kata benda yang dinyatakan secara tertentu/di awal kata yang sudah diketahui oleh umum
 Di depan kata benda yang jumlahnya hanya ada satu di dunia ini/nama laut dan samudera/nama sungai
dan pegunungan/nama hotel dan gedung bioskop/nama museum
Ex:
The sun : matahari
The Java Sea : Laut Jawa
The Ciliwung : Sungai Ciliwung
The Empire Theatre : Bioskop Empire
The Mandala Museum: Museum Mandala
The People’s Republic of China: RRC
6. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1. FUNCTION (PENGGUNAAN)
a. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/peristiwa yang terjadi berulang-ulang atau merupakan kebiasaan (habit)
yang sampai sekarang masih dilakukan.
b. Untuk menyatakan sesuattu yang sudah menjadi kebenaran umum (general truth)
2. PATTERN (POLA KALIMAT)
A. VERBAL
(+) Subject + Verb 1 (es/s)
(-) Subject + Do not/Does not + Verb 1
(?) Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1?

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB

I / You /We / They DO
He / She / It DOES

Examples:
1. (+) I take a bath everyday
(-) I do not take a bath everyday
(?) Do you take a bath everyday? Yes, I do
No, I don’t

2. (+) The sun rises in the east every morning

(-) The sun does not rise in the east every morning
(?) Does the sun rise in the east every morning? Yes, it does
No, it does not

B. NOMINAL
(+) Subject + TO Be (am/is/are) + Noun/Adjective/Preposition
(-) Subject + TO Be (am not/is not/are not) + Noun/Adjective/Preposition
(?) To Be (am/is/are) + Subject + Noun/Adjective/Preposition?

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB

I AM
He / She / It IS
You /We / They ARE
Examples:
1. (+) I am a student 2. (+) Budi is in the classroom
(-) I am not a student (-) Budi is not in the classroom
(?) Are you a student? Yes, I am (?) Is Budi in the classroom? Yes, he is
No, I’m not No, he isn’t

3. ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) & ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

ADVERB OF TIME ADVERB OF FREQUENCY
Every = setiap Always = selalu
On = pada Often = sering
Nowadays = saat ini Sometimes = kadang-kadang
Never = tidak pernah
Rarely = jarang
Regularly = teratur
Occasionally = ada kalanya
Seldom = jarang
Usually = biasanya
Frequently = sering kali
4. RULES OF CHANGING VERB 1 + ES/S
Jika Subjek/Pelaku dalam kalimat (+) merupakan Orang ke-3 tunggal (He/She/It), maka kata kerja
(Verb) mendapatkan akhiran s/es dengan perubahan sbb:
A. Kata kerja yang berakhiran y yang didahului huruf mati/konsonan, maka y diganti menjadi i, baru
ditambah –es.
Study studies = belajar
Fry fries = menggoreng
Try tries = mencoba
Carry carries = membawa
B. Kata kerja yang berakhiran y yang didahului huruf vocal (a, I, u, e, o) maka langsung ditambah akhiran
s
Play plays = bermain
Buy buys = membeli
Stay stays = tinggal
C. Kata kerja yang berakhiran x, ss, ch, sh, dan o mendapat akhiran es
Fix fixes = memperbaiki
Pass passes = melewati
Teach teaches = mengajar
Brush brushes= menyikat
Go goes = pergi
D. Selain ketentuan diatas, pada umumnya kata kerja (Verb) mendapatkan akhiran s
Sweep sweeps = menyapu
Build builds = membangun
Speak speaks = berbicara
 CHAPTER 3

CARDINAL & ORDINAL NUMBER

Cardinal Number is a number that says how many of something there are.
= Angka yang menunjukkan jumlah sesuatu
Examples/Contoh:
0 = Zero/Oh
1 = One 11= Eleven 21= Twenty One
2 = Two 12 = Twelve 22 = Twenty Two
3 = Three 13 = Thirteen 23 = Twenty Three
4 = Four 14 = Fourteen` 24 = Twenty Four
5 = Five 15 = Fifteen 30 = Thirteen
6 = Six 16 = Sixteen 40 = Fourteen
7 = Seven 17 = Seventeen 100 = One hundred
8 = Eight 18 = Eighteen 1.000 = One thousand
9 = Nine 19 = Nineteen 10.000 = Ten thousand
10= Ten 20 = Twenty 1.000.000 = One million
Ordinal number is a number that tells the position of something in a list.
= Angka yang menunjukkan letak sesuatu dalam urutan/tingkatan.
Examples/Contoh:
1st = First 11th = Eleventh 21st = Twenty First
nd th
2 = Second 12 = Twelveth 22nd = Twenty Second
rd th
3 = Third 13 = Thirteenth 23rd = Twenty Third
4th = Fourth 14th = Fourteenth 24th = Twenty Fourth
th th
5 = Fifth 15 = Fifteenth 25th = Twenty Fifth
6th = Sixth 16th = Sixteenth 30th = Thirtieth
th th
7 = Seventh 17 = Seventeenth 40th = Fourtieth
8th = Eighth 18th = Eighteenth 50th = Fiftieth
th th
9 = Ninth 19 = Nineteenth 60th = Sixtieth
10th = Tenth 20th = Twentieth
DAYS OF THE WEEK/HARI
Day = Hari Saturday = Hari Sabtu This = Ini
Sunday = Hari Minggu Holiday = Hari Libur After = Setelah
Monday = Hari Senin Today = Hari ini Before = Sebelum
Tuesday = Hari Selasa Yesterday = Kemarin Next = Berikut/yang akan datang
Wednesday = Hari Rabu Tomorrow = Besok Week = Minggu
Thursday = Hari Kamis Day after tomorrow = Lusa
Friday = Hari Jum’at Ago/Last = Yang lalu

MONTH OF THE YEAR/BULAN

Month = Bulan
1 = January 5 = May 9 = September Fasting Month = Bulan Puasa
2 = February 6 = June 10 = October
3 = March 7 = July 11 = November
4 = April 8 = August 12 = December
YEAR/TAHUN
1900 = Nineteen Hundred
1901 = Nineteen hundred (and) One or Nineteen Oh one
1980 = Nineteen Eighty
1935 = Nineteen Thirty Five
2000 = Two thousand
2007 = Two thousand seven or Twenty Oh seven
2018 = Two thousand eighteen
FRACTIONS DECIMAL
1/3 = One third 3.8 = Three point eight
2 3/5 = Two and three fifths 4.25 = Four point two five
Exception: ½ = a half
¼ = one quarter