Standard/Directive Subject / Description Category Date Definition of Vehicle Categories European OBD Threshold Limits, g/km

Category Class Tier* Date CO HC NOx PM This overview is made NEFZ 2000 ECE FTP 72/75
70/220/EWG (with 2003/76/EG) Passenger cars LDD Category Description
ECE-R 83 Passenger cars LDD M Motor vehicles with at least four wheels designed and Diesel as a basic summary for
88/77/EWG (with 2001/27/EG) On Road Heavy Dut Diesel Engine HDD constructed for the carriage of passengers. M1 EU 3 2003 3.20 0.40 1.20 0.18 world wide emssions 140 60
ECE-R49 On Road Heavy Dut Diesel Engine HDD M1 Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of EU 4 2005 3.20 0.40 1.20 0.18 regulations. We will not

Speed (km/h)
120 50

Speed / mph
2000/25/EG engines to power agriculture or forestry tractors passengers and comprising no more than eight seats in
N1 I EU 3 2005 3.20 0.40 1.20 0.18
addition to the driver’s seat take any responsibilty for 100 40
ECE-R 96 engines to power agriculture or forestry tractors EU 4 2005 3.20 0.40 1.20 0.18
M2 Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of
77/537/EWG engines to power agriculture or forestry tractors
passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition II EU 3 2006 4.00 0.50 1.60 0.23 any wrong data given in 80 30
97/68/EG (with 2004/26/EG) Non Road Mobile Machinery NRMM to the driver’s seat, and having a maximum mass EU 4 2006 4.00 0.50 1.60 0.23 this paper. 60 20
COM(2005) 683 EURO 5 proposal LDD (“technically permissible maximum laden mass”) not ex- III EU 3 2006 4.80 0.60 1.90 0.28 40 10
ceeding 5 tons
EU 4 2006 4.80 0.60 1.90 0.28 20 0
M3 Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of Contact:
70/220/EWG with amendments Passenger cars LDD Petrol (Gasoline)

0
100
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passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition Matthias Schröder 0
70/220/EWG (equivalent R 15) 27. 3. 1972 M1 EU 3 2000 3.20 0.40 0.60 -
to the driver’s seat, and having a maximum mass excee- matthias.schroeder@horiba.com 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
74/290/EWG (equivalent R 15/01) 15.06.1974 ding 5 tons EU 4 2005 1.90 0.30 0.53 -
77/102/EWG (equivalent R 15/02) 03.02.1977 N Motor vehicles with at least four wheels designed and T i me ( sec) Tim e / sec
N1 I EU 3 2000 3.20 0.40 0.60 -
78/665/EWG (equivalent R 15/03) 14.08.1978 constructed for the carriage of goods.
EU 4 2005 1.90 0.30 0.53 -
83/351/EWG (equivalent R 15/04) 15.11.1985 N1 Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of II EU 3 2001 5.80 0.50 0.70 -
88/76/EWG 9. 2. 1988 goods and having a maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 US Highway Cycle HWFET
EU 4 2005 3.44 0.38 0.62 -
88/436/EWG Revised PM standards for passenger cars 08.11.1988 III EU 3 2001 7.30 0.60 0.80 -
European Transient Cycle ETC
N2 Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of
89/458/EWG 19.09.1989 goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 3.5 tons EU 4 2005 4.35 0.47 0.70 -
89/491/EWG 15. 8. 1989 but not exceeding 12 tons
120
* Euro 4 threshold limits are proposed values, still
N3 Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of under discussion 100 100

Speed (km/h)
91/441/EWG (EURO 1 equivalent ECE R 83/01) 30.08.1991

Engine Speed (%)

93/59/EWG light trucks(EURO 1)Exhaust emissions for light commercial 28. 7. 1993 goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 12 tons Note: Pasngr cars category M1 > 2,500 kg or with more
80 80
vehicles (M1 & N1) O Trailers (including semi-trailers) than 6 seats meet OBD requirements for Category N1.
94/12/EG (EURO 2) Revised exhaust emission standards for passen- 19.04.1994 G* Off-Road Vehicles EU Stage I/II Emission Std. for NR Diesel Engines 60 60
ger cars * - Symbol G shall be combined with either symbol M or N. For example, a 40
Cat. Net Power Date* CO HC NOx PM 40
96/44/EG 20.08.1996 vehicle of category N1 which is suited for off-road use shall be designated as
20
96/69/EG light trucks(EURO 2)Amends 70/220 & 93/59 exhaust 01.11.1996 kW g/kWh 20
emissions for passenger cars and LCV 0
Stage I
98/69/EG cars and light trucks(EURO 3/4) 28.12.1998 Vehicles Category N1—Weight Classes
0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
A 130 ≤ P ≤ 560 Jan. 99 5.0 1.3 9.2 0.54
98/77/EG 23.10.1998 Class Reference Mass, RW 0 500 1000 1500 2000
1999/102/EG 28.12.1999 Euro 1-2 Euro 3+ B 75 ≤ P < 130 Jan. 99 5.0 1.3 9.2 0.70 Tim e (sec)
2001/1/EG 06.02.2001 Tim e (sec)
I RW ≤ 1250 kg RW ≤ 1305 kg C 37 ≤ P < 75 Apr. 99 6.5 1.3 9.2 0.85
2001/100/EG 18.01.2002
2002/80/EG 28.10.2002 New York City Cycle NYCC (Running Loss Test)
Stage II European Transient Cycle ETC
2003/76/EG 23.09.2003 II 1250 kg < RW ≤ 1700 kg 1305 kg < RW ≤ 1760 kg
E 130 ≤ P ≤ 560 Jan. 02 3.5 1.0 6.0 0.2

R-15/R-83 with amendments Passenger cars LDD F 75 ≤ P < 130 Jan. 03 5.0 1.0 6.0 0.3
50

Engine Torque (%)

ECE-R15/04 01.10.1982 III 1700 kg < RW 1760 kg < RW 120

Speed (km/h)
ECE-R83/00 05.11.1989 100 40
G 37 ≤ P < 75 Jan. 04 5.0 1.3 7.0 0.4
ECE-R83/01 30.12.1992 EU Emission Standards for Passenger Cars (Category M1*), g/km 80 30
ECE-R83/02 02.07.1995 Tier Date CO HC HC+NOx NOx PM D 18 ≤ P < 37 Jan. 01 5.5 1.5 8.0 0.8
ECE-R83/03 14.05.1998
60 20
Diesel
ECE-R83/04 13.11.1999 * Stage II also applies to constant speed engines effec- 40 10
Euro 1† Jul. 92 2.72 (3.16) - 0.97 (1.13) - 0.14 (0.18)
ECE-R83/05 29.03.2001 tive 2007.01 20
Euro 2, IDI Jan. 96 1.0 - 0.7 - 0.08
Stage III A Standards for Nonroad Engines Stage III B Standards for Nonroad Engines 0
Euro 2, DI Jan. 96a 1.0 - 0.9 - 0.10 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

400

450

500

550

600
88/77/EWG with amendments On Road Heavy Dut Diesel Engine HDD Cat. Net Pow Date† CO NOx PM Cat. Net Po Date CO HC NO PM
Euro 3 Jan. 00 0.64 - 0.56 0.50 0.05 0 500 1000 1500 2000
88/77/EWG (ECE R 49/01) 09.02.1988 er +HC wer x
Euro 4 Jan. 05 0.50 - 0.30 0.25 0.025
91/542/EWG EU Clean Lorry Directive for heavy duty diesel exhaust 25.10.1991 kW g/kWh kW g/kWh Tim e (sec)
emissions Euro 5‡ mid-08 0.50 - 0.25 0.20 0.005 Tim e (ec)
H 130 ≤ P Jan. 06 3.5 4.0 0.2 L 130 ≤ P Jan. 11 3.5 0.19 2.0 0.025
96/1EG 12.02.1996 Petrol (Gasoline) ≤ 560 ≤ 560
Euro 1† Jul. 92 2.72 (3.16) - 0.97 (1.13) - - I 75 ≤ P < Jan. 07 5.0 4.0 0.3 M 75 ≤ P Jan. 12 5.0 0.19 3.3 0.025 SC03 / SFTP - Cycle
1999/96/EG 16.02.2000
2001/27/EG 23.09.2003 Euro 2 Jan. 96 2.2 - 0.5 - - 130 < 130 supplemenal FTP for air conditioning
Euro 3 Jan. 00 2.30 0.20 - 0.15 - J 37 ≤ P < Jan. 08 5.0 4.7 0.4 N 56 ≤ P Jan. 12 5.0 0.19 3.3 0.025
2005/55/EG
75 < 75
2005/78/EG Euro 4 Jan. 05 1.0 0.10 - 0.08 -

Speed (km/h)
K 19 ≤ P < Jan. 07 5.5 7.5 0.6 P 37 ≤ P Jan. 13 5.0 4.7† 0.025
Euro 5‡ mid-08 1.0 0.075 - 0.06 0.005b 100
37 < 56
R-49 with amendments On Road Heavy Dut Diesel Engine HDD * Before Euro 5, passenger vehicles > 2,500 kg were type approved as † dates for constant speed engines are: † NOx+HC
Category N1 vehicles 2011.01 for categories H, I and K; 2012.01 for
50
R-49 Berichtigung 02.03.1983 Stage IV Standards for Nonroad Engines
† Values in brackets are conformity of production (COP) limits category J.
R-49/01 Änderung 14.05.1990 Cat. Net Pow Date CO HC NO PM 0
‡ Proposed
Berichtigung zur Änd. 02 11.09.1992 Stage III A Std. for Rail Traction Engines er x
a - until 1999.09.30 (after that date DI engines must meet the IDI limits) kW g/kWh 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600
R-49/02 Änderung 30.12.1992 Cat. Net Po Date CO HC HC+ NOx PM
b - applicable only to vehicles using lean burn DI engines wer NOx Q 130 ≤ P Jan. 14 3.5 0.19 0.4 0.025
Berichtigung 2 zur Änd. 02 30.06.1995
kW g/kWh ≤ 560 Tim e (sec)
R-49/02 Ergänzung 1 18.05.1996
R-49/02 Ergänzung 2 28.08.1996 RC A 130 < P Jan. 3.5 - 4.0 - 0.2
06 R 56 ≤ P < Okt. 14 5.0 0.19 0.4 0.025
Berichtigung 1 zur Änd. 02 Erg. 1 23.06.1997 EU Emission Std. for Light Commercial Vehicles (Category N1), g/km US06 / SFTP - Cycle
RL A 130 ≤ P Jan. 3.5 - 4.0 - 0.2 130
Berichtigung 2 zur Änd. 02 Erg. 1 12.11.1998 Class† Tier Date CO HC HC+NOx NOx PM ≤ 560 07 supplemental FTP aggressive highway driving
Stg. III B Standards for Rail Traction Eng.
Berichtigung 1 zur Änd. 02 Erg. 2 12.11.1998 Diesel Cat. Net Po Date CO HC HC+ NOx PM
R-49/03 Änderung 27.12.2001 N1, Class Euro 1 Okt. 94 2.72 - 0.97 - 0.14 RH A P > 560 Jan. 3.5 0.5* - 6.0* 0.2 wer NOx
R-49/04 Änderung 31.01.2003 I 09 kW g/kWh
<1305 kg Euro 2, Jan. 98 1.0 - 0.70 - 0.08
150
* HC = 0.4 g/kWh and NOx = 7.4 g/kWh for

Speed (km/h)
IDI RC B 130 < P Jan. 12 3.5 0.19 - 2.0 0.025
engines of P > 2000 kW and D > 5 liters/
2000/25/EG with amendments Engines to power agriculture or forestry tractors
Euro 2, DI Jan 98a 1.0 - 0.90 - 0.10 100
2000/25/EG 23.09.2003 R B 130 < P Jan. 12 3.5 - 4.0 - 0.025
Euro 3 Jan. 00 0.64 - 0.56 0.50 0.05 CD 32 Mode / JC08 (Japan)
2005/13/EG 01.03.2005
Euro 4 Jan. 05 0.50 - 0.30 0.25 0.025 EPA Tier 1 Emission Standards for Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks, FTP 75, g/mi 50
77/537/EWG with amendments Engines to power agriculture or forestry tractors Euro 5‡ mid-08 0.50 - 0.25 0.20 0.005 Category 50,000 miles/5 years 100,000 miles/10 years1
N1, Class Euro 1 Okt. 94 5.17 - 1.40 - 0.19 THC NMHC CO NOx NOx PM THC NMHC CO NOx NOx PM 100

Speed (km/h)
77/537/EWG 29.08.1977 0
82/890/EWG 31.12.1982 II diesel gasoline diesel gasoline 80
1305- Euro 2, Jan. 98 1.25 - 1.0 - 0.12 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
97/54/EG 10.10.1997 Passenger cars 0.41 0.25 3.4 1.0 0.4 0.08 - 0.31 4.2 1.25 0.6 0.10 60
1760 kg IDI
Euro 2, DI Jan 98 a
1.25 - 1.30 - 0.14 LLDT, LVW - 0.25 3.4 1.0 0.4 0.08 0.80 0.31 4.2 1.25 0.6 0.10 40
Tim e (sec)
97/68/EG with amendments Non Road Mobile Machinery NRMM <3,750 lbs 20
Euro 3 Jan. 01 0.80 - 0.72 0.65 0.07
97/68/EG 27.02.1998 LLDT, LVW - 0.32 4.4 - 0.7 0.08 0.80 0.40 5.5 0.97 0.97 0.10 0
Euro 4 Jan. 06 0.63 - 0.39 0.33 0.04 >3,750 lbs OBD - Cycle (CARB Unified Cycle)
2001/63/EG 23.08.2000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Euro 5‡ mid-08 0.63 - 0.32 0.26 0.005 HLDT, ALVW 0.32 - 4.4 - 0.7 - 0.80 0.46 6.4 0.98 0.98 0.10
2002/88/EG 11.02.2003
2004/26/EG 25.06.2004 N1, Class Euro 1 Okt. 94 6.90 - 1.70 - 0.25 <5,750 lbs T i m e ( se c )
III HLDT, ALVW 0.39 - 5.0 - 1.1 - 0.80 0.56 7.3 1.53 1.53 0.12 150
>1760 kg Euro 2, Jan. 98 1.5 - 1.20 - 0.17 >5,750 lbs

Speed (km/h)
International Standards IDI 11 Mode (Japan)
1 - Useful life 120,000 miles/11 years for all HLDT standards and for THC standards for LDT 100
Euro 2, DI Jan 98a 1.5 - 1.60 - 0.20
ISO16183:2002 cars, heavy duty vehicles, off road Abbreviations:
Euro 3 Jan. 01 0.95 - 0.86 0.78 0.10
ISO 8178-1 Test cycles and test procedures for field measurement of LVW - loaded vehicle weight (curb weight + 300 lbs) 70 50
Euro 4 Jan. 06 0.74 - 0.46 0.39 0.06
exhaust gas smoke emissions from compression ignition ALVW - adjusted LVW (the numerical average of the curb weight and the GVWR)
engines operating under transient conditions. Euro 5‡ mid-08 0.74 - 0.38 0.31 0.005 60
LLDT - light light-duty truck (below 6,000 lbs GVWR) 0

Speed (km/h)
Petrol 50
(Gasolin HLDT - heavy light-duty truck (above 6,000 lbs GVWR)
US Standards / Federal Register 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
e) Tier 2 Emission Standards, FTP 75, g/mi 40
N1, Class Euro 1 Okt. 94 2.72 - 0.97 - - Bin# 50,000 miles 120,000 miles 30 Tim e (sec)
CFR40 part 1065 CommonStandards for parts 86,1039,1048,1051 I NMOG CO NOx PM HCHO NMOG CO NOx* PM HCHO
CFR40 part 60 Stationary Diesel Engines <1305 kg Euro 2 Jan. 98 2.2 - 0.50 - -
20
Temporary Bins
CFR40 part 85,89,92 Mobile sources (locomotive engines, ) Euro 3 Jan. 00 2.3 0.20 - 0.15 - MDPVc 0.280 7.3 0.9 0.12 0.032
10
CFR40 part 86 Heavy Duty on Highway and Light Duty standards Euro 4 Jan. 05 1.0 0.1 - 0.08 - 10a,b,d,f 0.125 3.4 0.4 - 0.015 0.156 4.2 0.6 0.08 0.018 0
CFR40 part 89 Nonroad diesel engines Euro 5‡ mid-08 1.0 0.075 - 0.060 0.005b (0.160) (4.4) (0.018) (0.230) (6.4) (0.027) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
a,b,e
CFR40 part 1039 Land-based nonroad diesel engines N1, Class Euro 1 Okt. 94 5.17 - 1.40 - - 9 0.075 3.4 0.2 - 0.015 0.090 4.2 0.3 0.06 0.018 Urban Dynam om eter Driving Schedule (UDDS) for HDD
CFR40 part 1048 Large Nonroad spark-ignition engines II (0.140) (0.180) Tim e (sec)
CFR40 part 1051 Snowmobiles and motorccles 1305- Euro 2 Jan. 98 4.0 - 0.65 - - Permanent Bins (USA)
1760 kg 8b 0.100 3.4 0.14 - 0.015 0.125 4.2 0.20 0.02 0.018
Euro 3 Jan. 01 4.17 0.25 - 0.18 - (0.125) (0.156)
Additional 10 - 15 Mode (Japan)
Euro 4 Jan. 06 1.81 0.13 - 0.10 - 7 0.075 3.4 0.11 - 0.015 0.090 4.2 0.15 0.02 0.018 70
80/1268/EC Measurement of CO2 and Fuel Consumption
Euro 5‡ mid-08 1.81 0.10 - 0.075 0.005b 6 0.075 3.4 0.08 - 0.015 0.090 4.2 0.10 0.01 0.018
80/1269/EC Measurement of Engine Power 60

Speed (km/h)
N1, Class Euro 1 Okt. 94 6.90 - 1.70 - - 5 0.075 3.4 0.05 - 0.015 0.090 4.2 0.07 0.01 0.018 80
ECE-R24 Diesel vehicles Black smoke emissions III
Speed (km/h) 50
4 - - - - - 0.070 2.1 0.04 0.01 0.011
72/306/EWG Diesel vehicles Black smoke emissions >1760 kg Euro 2 Jan. 98 5.0 - 0.80 - - 60 40
ECE-R40 Motorcycles Exhaust Emission 3 - - - - - 0.055 2.1 0.03 0.01 0.011
Euro 3 Jan. 01 5.22 0.29 - 0.21 - 30
ECE-R47 Moped Exhaust Emissions 2 - - - - - 0.010 2.1 0.02 0.01 0.004 40
Euro 4 Jan. 06 2.27 0.16 - 0.11 -
ECE-R67 Specific Equipment of Vehicles Using LPG 1 - - - - - 0.000 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.000 20
Euro 5‡ mid-08 2.27 0.12 - 0.082 0.005b 20
ECE-R84 Measurement of Fuel Consumption * - average manufacturer fleet NOx standard is 0.07 g/mi 10
† For Euro 1/2 the reference mass classes were Class I < 1250 kg, Class II
a - Bin deleted at end of 2006 model year (2008 for HLDTs) 0 0
ECE-R85 Measurement of Engine Power 1250-1700 kg, Class III > 1700 kg.
ECE-R101 Emission of Carbon Dioxide and Fuel Consumption ‡ Proposed b - The higher temporary NMOG, CO and HCHO values apply only to HLDTs and expire after 2008
c - An additional temporary bin restricted to MDPVs, expires after model year 2008
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
ECE-R103 Replacement Catalytic Using CNG a - until 1999.09.30 (after that date DI engines must meet the IDI li-
mits) d - Opt. temp. NMOG std. of 0.195 g/mi (50,000) & 0.280 g/mi (120,000) applies for qualifying LDT4s and MDPVs only
ECE-R110 Vehicles Using CNG
b - applicable only to vehicles using lean burn DI engines
Tim e (sec) Tim e (sec)
e - Opt. Temp. NMOG std. of 0.100 g/mi (50,000) and 0.130 g/mi (120,000) applies for qualifying LDT2s only
ECE-R115 LPG/CNG Retrofit System
2002/51/EC Motorcycles Exhaust Emission f - 50,000 mile standard optional for diesels certified to bin 10