Th CoomaSapunah a | MANUAL ON TRANSMISSION LINE TOWERS (Revised) CHAPTER 2 TOWER TYPES AND SHAPES TECHNICAL REPORT NO.9 Central Board of Irrigation and Power Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri New Delhi-110021 lew Delhi April 199524 2.4.2 243 2.44 2.4.5 CONTENTS Scope Types of Towers Sclf-Supporting Towers Conventional Guyed Tower Chainette Guyed Tower Tower Shapes Tower Designation Suspension Towers Tension Towers Transposition Towers Special Tower . t . © « e « e . . Page « 1 © e : e 1 e t i “ . ‘ « 7 © « 7 cf¢ 8 « § « « 8 « 8 « © ennnnneearnere’CHAPTER 2 TOWER TYPES AND SHAPES s1 SCOPE et The tower ot vanous shapes had been used in the 4 without considering detrimental influence on the unent, With conservation environmentalists attract +. highest attention and the public becoming wore and more oiseious of the detrimental effects of cransmission i \ efs on the environment and occupation af land, ‘ansmission line tower designers have been endeavouring to 4. slop towers with such shapes which blend with the vironment. Other factors responsible tor changes in Jes of towers are the need for the use of higher ‘ansmission voltages. limitation of right-of-way availability ble noise level. radio and TLV, interterence. electrostatic sid aspects. ete. The types and shapes of Transmission Towers used in India and in other countries ate uuscussed in this chapter. TYPES OF TOWERS 2.1 The types of towers based on their constructional ‘res, which are in use on the power transmission line are ven below Self-Supporuing Towers Conventional Guyed Towers Chainette Guyed Towers ‘These are discussed in the subsequent paragraphs, Self-Supporting Towers Self-supporting broad-based/narrow-based latticed eel towers are used in India and other countries. This type " sewer has been in use in India from the beginning of this tury for EHV transmission lines. Self-supporting towers % sovered under Indian Standard (IS : 802) and other ~tional and International Standards, These are fabricated, «= tested quality mild steel structurals of 2 combination ‘ested quality mild stee! and High tensile steel structurals ‘ming to 1S:2062 and 1S:8500 respectively. As HLT. sivel conforming to IS: 8500 is not readily available in the country. steel conforming to BS: 4360 Gi SOB/ASTM A. ST2QISIVDE or any other Internaonal/National standards ‘can be used. Some of the countries such as . span, USSR. Austria, Canada, France, etc., have explored use of other ‘material such as steel formed angle sections. tuhular sections, aluminium sections, F fabrication oF towers In the case of heavy angle and long span crossing towers, some of the countries namely Russia, Norway, France, etc. are using single phase self-supporting towers. Sclf- supporting towers usually have square/tectangular base and tour separate footings. HoweverMTower voltage narrow-based towers having combined monoblock footings may be used ‘depending upon overall economy. Self-supportine towers as, compared to guyed towers have higher steel consumption, Self-supporuing towers are also used for compuct line design, Compact tower may comprise rabricated steel hody, cage and groundwire peak, fied with insulated crossvarms, Compaction 1s also achieved by arrangement of phases, using V insulator strings, etc. Compact towers have reduced dimensions and require smaller right-of-way and are suitable for use in congested areas and for upgrading the voltage of the existing Transmission Lines also, Self-supporting towers are shown in Figures | & 2 3 Conventional Guyed Tower 2.3.1 These towers comprise portal structures fabricated in “Y" and "V" shapes and have been used in some of the countries for EHV wansmission lines upto 735 kV. The guys may be intemal or extemal. The guyed tower ‘including guy anchors occupy much larger land as compared to self-supporting towers and as such this type of construction finds application in long unoccupied, waste Jand, bush tracts in Canada, Sweden, Brazil. USSR ete 2.2.3.2 Compact guyed towers are used on compact lines. ‘The phases are arranged in such a way that the phases are ‘ot interspersed by grounded metal parts of Tower. The phases can be placed in different configurations and are insulated from the supports. The conventional guyed towers copi 2 a Tower Types and Shapes eatsvint a Benen eel ore) NELMOJUNGA TAS: | ANODE rasvnapes and Shapes INSULATED CROSS ARM => eo FABRICATED, TOWER BODY COMPACT TOWER, MULTICIRCUIT TOWERSCOCO ERE eee aoe g & : & é : ma é vas ' PNELMOsIng Tas 1 ANDI wee eae eweTower Ty 5MAMOL G9AND ALLANIVHD * » AULA 2[| » AN _A BEERS Yj \ qThwer Types and Shapes act cuyed towers are shown in Figure & 4 Chainette Guyed Tower ‘Chainette guyed tower is also known as cross rope suspension tower, and consists of two masts each of which Ws supported hy twa guys und a cross rope. which is cionected te the taps of tw) masts and supports the Insulator strmgs ang conductor bundles in horizontal sormatio For angle towers. the practice is to use three ile narrow based masts each for carrying one set of hundle conductors or use self-supporune towers, Each narrow based mast 1s supported with the help of two main guys. Typical chainette puyed towers for suspension and angle locaton are shown in Figure 4 2.2.5 Guyed towers will he covered in @ separate anual 2.3 TOWER SHAPES ‘Tower shapes in use are as follows a) Vertical/harr Type nw) HonzontalWasp Waist Type Delta(Cat Head H-Structure Type In India, tower shapes at ct} and (it) are used tor single circuit ne whereas tower shupe at (1) has been used for double circuit and multi-circuit lines In other counties al the above shapes have been used, Tower shape at (i) is ally more stable and ide V Suttable for multi-circuit Lunes whereas tower shape at (ul) offer better pertormance from the consideration of audible noise, radio and television interference & electrostatic potent and at the edg. are shown in Figures I & 2. 0 ao ‘gradient at ground level These towers shapes the right-of-way TOWER DESIGNATION Broadly, towers are designated as under Suspension Tower Tension Tower DOUBLE TENSION STRING FIGURE 6 : ARRANGEMENT OF INSPAN TRANSPOSITION