4G Technology Beyond 3G
including HD video (high definition video),
Abstract -This paper defines the
technology beyond 3G, examines the leading
4G technologies, and discuss their various
features, benefits and the progress of
technology to date. It concludes with a
recommendation for companies considering
future 4G deployments.
Keywords -4G Technology, Wimax, LTE,
4G Network Environment.
I. INTRODUCTION
Fourth-generation wireless abbreviated as
4G, is a technology that will bring
revolution in wireless communications. It
is also known as “beyond 2G and 3G,"
since it provides a secure IP (Internet
Protocol) solution, high data rate of 100
Mbps between any two points in the
world, seamless connectivity allowing
users to enjoy global roaming across
multiple networks, and support for high
quality multimedia.
Users will enjoy high quality streaming
voice and data at a much higher speed
than 3G. In today’s world there is rising
demand of being able to communicate to
people and have access to data
regardless of location. This requirement is
being fulfilled by 4G.
The “anytime, anywhere” solution of 4G
technology is also referred to as “MAGIC,”
which is an abbreviation for mobile
multimedia; anytime/anywhere; global
mobility support , , Integrated wireless
and Customized personal service will
provide a wide variety of new services
and high quality voice and high-data-rate
wireless channels. 4G technology will not
only be used for cellular telephone
systems, but will also be used in wireless
broadband access communication
systems.
Fourth generation networks are likely to use a
combination of WiMax and WiFi.Core
technologies employed by 4G may include
SDR (Software-defined radio) receivers, OFDM
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing),
OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiple Access), MIMO (multiple input/multiple
output) technologies, UMTS and TD-
SCDMA. All of these delivery methods
ensures high rates of data transmission
and packet-switched transmision
protocols. While 3G technologies, are a
mix of packet and circuit-switched
networks.
A Japanese
company, NTT DoCoMo, is testing 4G
communication at 100 Mbps for mobile
users and up to 1 Gbps and plans on
releasing their first commercial network in
2010. Other telecommunications
companies, however, are moving into the
area even faster. In August of 2006, Sprint
Nextel announced plans to develop and
deploy a 4G broadband mobile network
nationwide in the United States using
WiMAX.

II.HISTORY
The 1G, or First Generation was based on
analog system, and was developed in the
seventies, 1G had two major improvements,
this was the invention of the microprocessor,
and digitization of the control link between
the phone and the cell site. Advance mobile
phone system (AMPS) was first launched by
the US . Based on Frequency Division
Multiple Access , it allows users to make
voice calls in one country.
2G first came into existence around the end
of the 1980’s and was based on digital
technology.It gave a lot better quality and
much more capacity (i.e. more people could
use there phones at the same time), all at a
lower cost . Based on Time Division Multiple
Access, the first commercial network for use
by the public was the Global system for
mobile communication (GSM).
For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth
maximum is 9.6 kbit/sec, This is
approximately 6 times slower than an ISDN
(Integrated services digital network).
The 3G system would have higher quality
voice channels, as well as broadband data
capabilities, up to 2 Mbps. Unfortunately, the
two groups could not reconcile their
differences, and this decade will see the
introduction of two mobile standards for 3G.
In addition, China is on the verge of
implementing a third 3G system.
3G systems promise faster communications
services, entailing voice, fax and Internet
data transfer capabilities. ITU’s IMT-2000 is a
global standard for 3G and has opened new
doors to enabling multimedia entertainment,
and location-based services, as well as a
whole lot more. 3G technology supports
around 144 Kbps, with high speed
movement, i.e. in a vehicle. 384 Kbps
(download) maximum, typically around
200kbps, and 64kbps upload, and up to
2Mbps for fixed stations, i.e. in a building.
4G mobile data transmission rates are
planned to be up to 100 megabits per
second on the move and 1000 gigabits per
second stationary, this is a phenomenal
amount of bandwidth, only comparable to
the bandwidth workstations get connected
directly to a LAN.
III. THE CURRENT STATE OF 3G
Before beginning a discussion of 4G
technologies and business
applications, it is important to understand
the current state of 3G
networks. There is no official definition by a
standards group of what
constitutes 3G. The term evolved in the
wireless industry and generally
includes the International Standards Union’s
(ITU) IMT-2000 technology
definition and related features.
IMT-2000 is an ITU term that defines globally
recognized 3G
technologies for use in IMT-identified radio
frequency bands.
Technologies currently recognized as
meeting these requirements
include WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-CDMA and
EDGE.
Over the last decade, several incremental
improvements in radio
technology and command-and-control
software have been classified
as 3G technologies. To denote their
significance properly, the
technologies are commonly (and unofficially)
named as higher and
higher variants of 3G such as 3.5G and 3.9G.
The different 3G technologies
use more or less the same repertoire of tools
with different
combinations and variations to optimize
bandwidth usage.
IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF 4G
4G mobile systems will be given by a
horizontal communication model, where
cellular, cordless, wireless LAN type systems,
short-range wireless connectivity, and wired
systems will be combined on a similar
platform to complement each other in the
best possible way for different service
requirements and radio environments. The
various characteristics of 4G technology are
as follows :
4G provides convergence services
which means that the creation of high-
reliable and quality broadband mobile
communication service and ubiquitous
service through wired and wireless
convergence networks without the space
problem and terrestrial limitation, by means
of ubiquitous connectivity.
4G service will give broadband
services an advantages of low cost facility
and wide coverage area as compared to the
existing services.
All-IP technology networking and IP
multimedia services are the important
aspects in
the wired and wireless network. The concept
behind the broadband convergence network
(BcN) fit in the provision of a common,
unified, and flexible service architecture
that can support multiple types of services
and management applications over
multiple types of transport networks.
An important issue in security designs
for 4G networks is flexibility.
To support multimedia services, high-
datarate services with good system
reliability will be provided. At the same time,
a low
data rate transmission cost will be
maintained. In order to meet the demands of
these diverse users, service providers should
design personal and customized
services for them. Personal mobility is a
concern in mobility management.
Personal mobility concentrates on the
movement of users instead of users’
terminals, and involves the provision of
personal communications and
personalized operating environments.
V. ANALYSIS OF 4G
Considering 4G characteristics we can
find out benefits and opportunities of 4G
with better
understandings. The lists and findings follow:
Benefits in 4G:
- 4G visions take into account installed base
and past investments
- Strong position of telecommunications
vendors expected in the marketplace. [1] Pioneer Consulting Report, “The WiMAX
- Faster data transmission and higher bit rate Report Emergence of Fixed & Mobile
and bandwidth, allow more Solutions”, March, 2006.
business applications and commercialization [2] Keiji Tachikawa, “A Perspective on the
- Has advantage for personalized multimedia evolution of mobile communications”, IEEE
communication tools Communications Magazine, October 2003
Opportunities in 4G: [3] Lu, Willie W, Open Wireless Architecture
- Evolutionary approach may yield and Enhanced Performance, Guest Editorial,
opportunities for the 4G IEEE Communication Magazine, June 2003
- Emphasis on heterogeneous networks [4] ETRI Paper, “Broadband Mobile
capitalizes on past investments Communications towards a Converged
- Strategic alliance and coalition World”, ITU/MIC Workshop on Shaping the
opportunities with traditional Future Mobile Information Society, March 4-
nontelecommunication 5, 2004
industries [5] Andrew Dursch, David C. Yen, Shi-Ming
- Sophisticated and mature Huang, “Fourth generation wireless
commercialization of 4G technology would communications: an analysis of future
encourage more applications of e-commerce potential and implementation”, Computer
and m-commerce Standards & Interfaces 28, 2005, 13-25.
- Worldwide economy recover stimulates [6] 3G Americas, “Mobile Broadband: The
consumption and consumer Global Evolution of UMTS/HSPA”,
confidence, therefore bring in opportunities July, 2006
for telecommunication sections [7] WiMAX Forum, “Mobile WiMAX: The Best
- It is expected and predicted that Personal Broadband Experience”, June, 2006
consumers will continue to replace handsets [8] Qualcomm Report, “IEEE 802.20: Mobile
with newer technology at a fast rate. Broadband Wireless Access – A Technical
- Desirable higher data capacity rates, the Overview”, June 2006.
growth opportunity for 4G is very bright and [9] WiMAX Forum, “Mobile WiMAX: Part2: A
hopeful. Comparative Analysis”, May 2006
[10] Sunil Vadgama, Stephen Truelove,
“Evaluation of Software Defined Radio
VI. CONCLUSION Technology”, February, 2006
[11] Wireless World Research Forum, The
Future wireless networks will need to support Book of Vision 2001 Version 1, December
diverse IP multimedia applications to provide 2001
flexibility by allowing sharing of resources [12] Brian Low, Wesley J. Johnston,
among multiple users. The fourth generation “Relationship equity and switching behavior
promises to fulfill the goal of MAGIC -a vision in the adoption of new telecommunication
that provides high data rates everywhere services”, Industrial Marketing
over a wireless network. Management 35, 2006, 676-689.
4G technologies are extensions of what we [13] ITU Report, “Broadband Mobile
are just beginning to see today in mobile Communications Towards a Converged
WiMAX and in LTE. World”, ITU/MIC Workshop on shaping the
With 802.16e WiMAX deployments already future mobile information society.
launched worldwide, LTE proponents have jumped up
their efforts to speed up development, so they are not
left behind.

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