A1_Q2-060804
1) /CLN- This is the Cat Clean command used to clean the model for any
unwanted geometery and to pack the model to compress the size of the model.
2) COLD START means it will start the CATIA workwindow in the normal way,
whereas WARM START means if your system closed abruptly, without saving, it
will start from that particular file in which you were working, maybe with
some loss of data.
4)IGES,VDAFS
Identity-------> Renumber
10) Detail function is used if you have a assembly to create, and there are
some common parts in different locations, then you can create a detail and use
it in the master workspace wherever needed.
12) For creating centerlines of circles in draft, first you can select
POINT+LIMITS and select the circle; you will get the center point. And then
select LINE+HORIZONTAL+Symmetrical; you will get the horizontal line; and then
Select LINE+VERTICAL+Symmetrical, you will get the vertical line.
14) Auxview2+USE in the popup window; select Parameter Tab, and you can do the
parameterization, whatever you want.
15)PARTEDITOR is the history of all the work you have done, and you can use
the parteditor to change and update the solid.
16)For creating SKIN, first you need the faces; once you have faces then you
can select LIMIT2+CREATE+SKIN and select the faces from which you want to
create skin. Everytime you select the face it should be the adjacent face
which you have selected earlier, and they will be merged together. Once all
the faces are selected then press \"YES\" twice; the skin is created. Now you
can use this SKIN to create the solid.
19)SURF1 is used for the planner curves, whereas SURF2 you can use for the
intricate curves where you need the tangency constraints and curvature
constraints.
5) What is "LAW"?
Ans: 5) Laws are used to add precise control to surfaces created with
Surf2. Radius, Area, Angle and Parameter values can be specified.
Ans: 6) Creation of faces and volumes. Also used for surface breaks and
concatenates. Other uses as well.
7) What is "spine"?
8) What is "/anadia"?
Ans: 8) Anadia is an analysis tool that allows you to save and update
specific analysis processes. Used mainly for surface analysis.
Ans: 11) Many Utility functions. Commonly used to import and export CATIA
files. Also used to process IGES and STEP file formats.
13) If given die direction, how will you check minimum draft angle in the SURF
(surface) model?
Ans: 13) One way is to use the Tools pull down menu and select
Analyze+Draft (you must also indicate a direction and which elements to be
analyzed). Moldpart can also do this along with many other cool bells and
whistles (it helps you design the draft surfaces). There are other ways to
check drafts as well.
14) What checks do you perform between surfaces with common boundaries?
15) What is the difference between a "*role" file and a "*save" file?
Ans: 15) These are files created by CATIA in order to maintain a temporary
version of the files in use. If CATIA were to crash, a warm start would try to
access these files to re-establish your CATIA session.
16) Can data model history be exported between 2 different CAD systems?
Ans: 16) It depends on which two systems are being used. V4 models, unless
you are sending them to V5, usually have their history stripped from the
model.
Ans: 17) Used to create solid features that can be stored and accessed from
a library. Used in conjunction with the Param3D function.
Ans: 18) Sorry on this one. I can't remember the designation as I use AL3
(basically, everything).
Ans: 19) Surfaces that when connected have tangent and curvature continuous
properties with their adjoining surfaces. Example: the curvature value along
the boundary of Surface A matches the curvature value of the adjacent boundary
of Surface B. This is the simplest explanation.
20) What is a "Layer"? What is the use of it? And how do you create Layers?
Four arcs.
CRV or Curves is that curve which is continous in curvature and tangency.
CCV or Composite curve is that curve which is a combination of more than one curve and is not continous
in curvature and tangency.
The hiearchy of making a complex solid design is: Freefirm Surface (Face, Surface, Skin)
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Solid
Face --- *fac, Surface ---- *sur, Volume------ *vol, Skin--- *ski, Draw axis---- *axd, Dittos-----*dit,
Curves----*crv.
Volume element is the collection of the surfaces (faces, surfaces, skin) placed next to each other
such that they form a closed space or volume.
A face created from surface may or may not be planar depending upon the shape of surface.
SURF1 function helps in creating simple individual building surface shapes. i.e they are of definite
shape that can be represented by mathematical equations.
SURF2 function helps in creating complex shape using different conditions available. It can not be
represented by mathematical equations.
Solid models are created out of simple indivisual building blocks or regular shaped solids like PRISM,
CYLINDER, CUBE, CONE, PYRAMIDS etc.
three colour comes up on the surface GREEN------>smooth surface. BLUE & RED ----->not smooth
surface indicating depression at that region
Connect---> It is the surface fillet created between the two surfaces(face, skin, or surface)
Corner---> It is the surface fillet created at the corner created by three surface (face, skin or surface)
meeting each other.
Faces---> They are the planes or surfaces bound by lines and curves
Skins----> It is the collecton of freeform surfaces (face, or surface) which are placed next to each other.
LAW is a defined values along a curve or surface for the surfaces to be formed under different
operations.
The CONNECT & CORNER under SURF1 functions are used for filleting surfaces.
Master Workspace is the default workspace which is displayed when CATIA is started. The main
design and modelling is carried out in this space.
A master Workspace is the space in which the main modelling is done or the initial workspace when
CATIA is started.
Additional workspace can be created by clicking WSP icon in the tool pallete and giving user defined
names. This can also be defined workspace under DETAIL function.
DETAIL+CREATE+W.SPACE
We can switch to the additional workspace on the master workspace by following methods:
whenever a particular body occures in the modelling several time, instead of creating each time, it
is better to create in DETAIL workspace and copy it into the master workspace to wherever
necessary.
i) DITTO---> It copies the detail to the master workspace. The changes made on this solid in DETAIL
workspace is reflected on the master workspace i.e those solids are associated.
ii) COPY---> Here the change made in the DETAIL workspace is not reflected on the master
workspace. i.e they are isolated from each other.
[ The DITTO under detail function, the modification made on DITTO is reflected in the main model
where it is used, but in the case of copy under DETAIL function only the DITTO is changed for
corresponding modification and not the DITTO copied in the main model.]
AUXVIEW
updated |
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AUXVIEW2
i) It needs updation.
| ii) The views does not show the hidden lines.
When AUXVIEW2+DROP [command is given for a view, it loses all its links with the parent model
and in future cases, whenever any modification done on the parent model cannot be updated on
the earlier dropped views)command is used on any view, it get completly isolated from the solid
model in the space mode.
Surfaces are closed boundary elements with out any holes in between.
Faces are superform of surfaces which may or maynot have holes inside it.
The smoothness of a surface is checked by analysing the curvature and tangent continous of the
surface. The curvature & tangency of surface analysed will have the following options.
1)the boundries between surface are not joined, then the surface are not tangent continous.
2)
Surface degree is the measured along and across the surface element. i.e along 'u' and 'v'
directions.
the surface degree denotes the oscillations and smoothss of the inside surface curves.
Featured based design is the design based on the company's customisation of product feature
and [arameters.
SOLIDM - SOLID MOCK-UP:- This is an approsimate solid and was used in the earlier version of
CATIA.
SOLIDE - EXACT SOLID:- As the name indicates, the solid formed are exact fulfilling all the
conditions defined by the user.
A constraint element in CATIA is one in which the parameters of the element cannot be changed.
Local function window is an window consisting of the follwing sub. functions
1)STD - This is used to check the visualisation of the partmodel by checking on/off for the sections
Lim-off: Creates the point by intersection & Projection can be done
Surface.
Definition.
Used to:
a. Faces are infinitely thin elements that represent the bounded exterior
b. Skin are infinitely thin elements that are incorporate or group a series
c. Surfaces are infinitely thin elements that are used to define a bounded
Separate: Separates lines , curves & faces from their links with other
7. Is it possible to change pattern as required to existing pattern?
Yes
Plane
a. Spine: Creates a curve passing thro' point on a plane & normal to
b. Spline: Creates a curve passing thro' several points having tangential
11. How you will delete the surface if the face is created by surface?
Detail w/s: We can have any no. of detail w/s, that can be called in
model w/s.
etc,.
14. Is it possible to split by using sewing operation
Yes
non-hidden mode.
command.
etc,.
Yes
Depth: Extending a curve thro' space in linear direction with given length.
trim?
31. Give two eg. for feature based primitive & contour based primitives ?
(hybrid)modeling?
22. How you will delete the surface if the face is created by surface?
37. Difference between point projection and unspecific projection
42. How drawing will be extracted ---- aux2 or spc-drw2 [if related to
surface spc-drw]
46. Catia file format
50. List out the command used for the surface modeling
51. What are different types of modules available with Catia package
54. Which one is not a sub function of transfor in space mode ---
55. Symbol is function of draw mode
62. How many operations can we done by using sewing command of solide
CLASS -A
Class A refers to those surfaces, which are CURVATURE continuous to each other at their
respective boundaries. Curvature continuity means that at each "point" of each surface along
the common boundary has the same radius of curvature.
This is different to surfaces having;
Tangent continuity - which is directional continuity without radius continuity - like fillets.
Point continuity - only touching without directional (tangent) or curvature equivalence.
In fact, tangent and point continuity is the entire basis most industries (aerospace,
shipbuilding, BIW etc etc). For these applications, there is generally no need for curvature.
By definition:
Class A surface refers to those surfaces which are VISIBLE and abide to the physical meaning,
in a product. This classification is primarily used in the automotive and increasingly in
consumer goods (toothbrushes, PalmPC's, mobile phones, washing machines, toilet lids etc etc
etc). It is a requirement where aesthetics has a significant contribution. For this reason the
exterior of automobiles are deemed Class-A. BIW is NOT Class-A. The exterior of you sexy
toothbrush is Class-A, the interior with ribs and inserts etc is NOT Class-A.
The consequence:
The consequence of these surfaces apart from visually and physically aesthetic shapes is the
way they reflect the real world. What would one expect to see across the boundary of pairs of
point continuity, tangent continuity and curvature continuity surfaces when reflecting a
straight and dry tree stump in the desert????
* Point Continuity (also known as G0 continuity) - will produce a reflection on one surface, then
at the boundary disappear and re-appear at a location slightly different on the other surface.
The same reflective phenomenon will show when there is a gap between the surfaces (the line
markers on a road reflecting across the gap between the doors of a car).
* Tangent Continuity (also known as G1 continuity) - will produce a reflection on one surface,
then at the boundary have a kink and continue. Unlike Point continuity the reflection (repeat
REFLECTION) is continuos but has a tangent discontinuity in it. In analogy, it is "like" a greater
than symbol.
* Curvature Continuity (also known as G2 continuity, Alias can do G3!) - this will produce the
unbroken and smooth reflection across the boundary.
Please do not believe me! This is the real physical world. Look at your cars rounded hood
reflecting lines on the road or trees. Look at ripples of water that are not turbulent, reflection
is everywhere but all blend into each other, as there is also curvature continuity everywhere.
Still not convinced - For an analytical approach, you may simply prove this point using any
rendering package (eg. CATIA V4 VST), Neon textures in 4D Navigator or DMU Navigator (V5),
using the traditional CURVE1+REFLECT or /ANADIA in V4 CATIA and of course the neon-tray
dynamic reflect curve facility in V5.
Traditionally CATIA has been used to create the "engineering" side of most designs, rather then
the exterior "aesthetic" shell (ie Class-A). These traditional yet awesome tools (like SURF2) are
geared for this kind of engineering work. The best example being BIW in the automotive
industry.
Functions like SURF2 and FORMTOOL carve up even the most difficult inner panel structures
into reality. This is why, historically, CATIA took an early strangle hold (amongst other reasons
like a great capacity in all aspects of DMU and integration across disciplines).
CATIA comes from the aerospace industry. The exterior of aeroplanes (whose panels buckle
between frames and expand with every land-takeoff cycle) has very little "need" for curvature
continuity and has 100% engineering factors driving its design (aerodynamics and structures).
That is, there is zero styling in the design of an aircraft body. The fact that aeroplanes looks
good and "smooth" is by virtue of its operation (streamlined as possible), their general
cleanliness and most importantly the distance that one generally views them. If one was to
look carefully down the fuselage of an aircraft on the ground, there is nothing smooth about it!
Having the capability to cater for these industries in an engineering and process capacity with
existing function and not requiring the ability to create Class-A, has made CATIA the de-facto
standard for the aerospace and automotive industries.
As for Class-A, automotive manufacturers have utilised either or combinations of Alias and/or
ICEM Surf (or others) to achieve these goals in a productive manner (remember the word
productive). Alias has the ability cover the entire industrial design process from Sketches TO
Surfaces on sketches TO Surface manipulation and build and further onto rendering and
animation.
In retrospect, CATIA V4 can create Class-A surfaces with (1) compromise (eg. this deviation is
OK, because it can be polished by the toolmaker) and (2) an idiosyncratic approach by the
CATIA operator - ie, it can be done but not as easily as with Alias or ICEM Surf.
Historically, its been "difficult" of Dassault to create software in V4 to easily create Class-A
surfaces due to the use of Bezier (polynomial) based mathematics. There is nothing against
Bezier based surfaces though. They are excellent for creating the engineering surfaces we have
all come to love (BIW etc) utilising intelligent use of multi-patch surface methodology. In fact,
I doubt NURBS surfaces could do a better job.
And without a doubt, V5, with its new architecture and use of Bezier and NURBS surfaces will
go along way in being able to confidently and more importantly competently producing these
Class-A surfaces for an ever growing aesthetic minded world.
And what about V4 CATIA??
CATIA V4 currently has the ability to create curvature continuous surfaces in two categories.
Surfaces:
a. Using SURF2 and SKIN (GSM) functions to sweep and loft as "long" a surface as possible. This
will generally produce a curvature continuous surface with minimum deviation.
b. Intelligent use of SPINES and LIMIT curves when using SURF2 and SKIN to closely match
curvature across boundaries.
c. Utilising conic surfaces and conic curve approximations to mimic curvature conditions.
d. For parts with large variations within its shape cause techniques a and b to struggle. For this
reason, we may take three approaches.
d1. Create "unstressed" surfaces to the point of struggle and fill in the blank with blend
surfaces and curvature continuity. This is very much situation dependant.
d2. Use ARC's and PATCHES's - ARC's and PATCHES have the peculiar yet great ability to
* not go through all their constraints (good for the styling end of the design process)
* the ability to deform a arc or patch to a point
* the ability to deform the boundary of a patch to an arc whilst maintaining the opposing
continuity.
* most importantly - the ability to reduce or increase degrees of arcs and patches to maximise
or localise deformations.
e. Utilise NURBSCRV and NURBSSRF when and arc or patch refuses to go close enough to the
constraints of interest.
Blends:
These are a curious family of surfaces. One can utilise two functions within CATIA V4.
Although it is a great tool, one issue with Blensurf is its inability to blend around a large angle.
For instance, if one constructs two segment surfaces to each other at right angles with a gap
between them and then placing a curvature continuos surface to connect them. The result is
very suprising. The surface comes off one with curvature continuity, takes the shortest route to
the other and then blends with curvature again. It is not the expected shape in the blend,
when comparing it to the curves created using CURVE2+CONNECT with curvature from the
isoparametric curves of each surface.
The reason for this is that Blensurf creates purely mathematical curvature. For the correct
shape, mathematical and isoparametric curvature is required. Guess what my friends, Dassault
are already on the ball, this is possible using GSM's SKIN function blend and V5 GSD blends.