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Amanda Erika Gonzales, Hermogino, Reiner John

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A specific amount of sodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrate and disodium hydrogen phosphate
heptahydrate were mixed with distilled H2O to make the ssecoundary phosphate buffer solution. The solids were first
dissolved in water and then transferred to a 250mL volumetric flask. The solution was then transferred to an amber
bottle for proper storage. Pre-prepared solutions of 6M HCl and 6M NaOH were then used to adjust the pH of the
buffer to the required pH with the aid of a pH meter.

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!$ %#c&' $"'  ()&  *
A buffer solution is a solution that resists any -
+&!+"!'+&,,+ +'
change in pH if small quantities of acid or base *#
are added. These are useful in chemical 
reactions in which slight pH changes could  A pH meter can be used to measure the
drastically alter the efficiency or products pH of a solution. The tip of the device has a
produced. probe that measures pH as the activity of
hydrogen ions surrounding a thin-walled glass
Before creating a buffer solution, the acid
bulb at its tip. The probe produces a small
and base used to create the solution must be
voltage (about 0.06 volt per pH unit) that is
selected. The first consideration is what the pH
measured and displayed as pH units by the
being buffer actually is. Buffer solutions can be
meter.
acidic (have a pH less than 7) or alkali (have a
Buffer solutions act as neutralizing
pH greater than 7). A buffer solution using citric
agents that contain both positive and negative
acid and monopotassium citrate will have a pH
ions of a weak acid. Thus, if a base such as
of 3.1. A buffer solution of boric acid and sodium
NaOH is added to the solution, the positive H+
hydroxide will have a pH of 12.7. The acid and
ions will react with the negative (OH-) ions to
base selected should not have any type of
neutralize the solution. Similarly, if an acid is
reaction with whatever compound is being
added to the buffer, the negative ions (such as
buffered.
OH- or C2H3O2-) will react with the hydronium
The concentration of the acid and base in
ions to neutralize the solution.
the buffer solution should be equivalent. The
actual proportions might be altered slightly to
adjust the pH but will still be quite close.
II. .
c 
pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity A. Reagents and Materials used:
of a sample. It is derived from the formula of Volumetric flasks, beakers, electronic
Figure 1. balance, watch glass, funnel, sodium
Ê dihydrogen phosphate hydrate and disodium

Î
  Ê hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate.
 Slowly, drops of the preprepared 6M
B. Procedure: HCl or 6M NaOH were added to the
a) Prepare 250mL 0.10M of the buffer solution to adjust it to the required
solution. pH.

M = n/L

n = MxL = 0.250L x 0.10M

n = 0.025n

Weak Acid :

Salt of Base :

 !$ /# + #
š
 :
 

0.025n 
 
pH=pKa+log  # 

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The compounds sodium dihydrogen
phosphate hydrate and disodium hydrogen
 
7.50=7.21+log  phosphate heptahydrate were used because
  
they exhibited the common ion effect. The
  common ion effect is an effect which results
Antilog 0.29=   
when two substances which both ionize to
 
give the same (common) ion are involved in
  a chemical equilibrium. In this case, the
1.95n=   
 
common ion is š
 . š
 can ionize
further to release a H+ which could further
There are 1.95 moles of HPO42- for every mole
increase the acidity of the buffer. So if an
of H2PO4-.
alkalinic substance was introduced to the
system, theš
 can give off a proton (
š
 + š
 =2.95n
the H+) to neutralize the base, therefore
ensuring chemical equilibrium. Also, š

š
 = 1.95n/2.95n = x/ 0.025n
can get the free H+ should an acid be
š
 = x =0.0165n introduced to the system. This will reduce
the neutralize the effect of the acid, thus
š
 = 1n/ 2.95n = x/0.025n again ensuring chemical equilibrium.

š
 =x =0.0085n


0

g Naš
 = 0.0085n x 138g/mol = 1.17g
g Na2HPO4 = 0.0165n x 268g/mol = 4.42g
b) Adjustment of pH using pH meter.
The probe of the pH meter was
cleaned using tissue paper. The
prepared buffer solution is then
transferred to a large beaker. The
probe was immersed in the solution.
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4673626_buffer-
solution-work.html
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=200805
15002730AANPWxr
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-ph-meters-
work.html
Bursten, B.E., Brown, T.L., LeMay, H.E.(2004).
Chemistry: The Central Science. 9th ed.