pope gaa fl & 7 ANSI/TIA/BIA~222-F-1956 Approved: March 29, 1996 | TIA® Reaffirmed: Harch 27, 2003 STANDARD Structural Standards for Steel Antenna Towers and Antenna Supporting Structures TIA-222-F (Revislon of ELA/TIA-222-E) SUNE 1996 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION TA Somme Zz ele. EEELeouse jengenceningNOTICI TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through climinating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability, and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of TLA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. 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(From Standards Proposal No. 3-3278-RF I, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-14.7 Subcommittee on Structural Standards for Steel Antenna Towers and Antenna Supporting Structures.) ‘This Document was reaffirmed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on March 27, 2003 and by the TIA. Published by @TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION ‘Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. 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STRESSES ... 4 16 18 5 FACTORY FINISH 18 5.1 Standard . 18 6 PLANS, ASSEMBLY TOLERANCES, AND MARKING 1B 61 Standard... 18 7 FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHORS 19 7.1. Definitions . 19 72 Standard . 19 7.3 Special Conditions 2 7.4 Foundation Drawings . 21 8 SAFETY FACTOR OF GUYS a 8.1 Definition . an 8.2 Standard . 7 a 9 PRESTRESSING AND PROOF LOADING OFGUYS . a 9.1 Definitions .. a 9.2 Standard... 2CONTENTS (Continued) Section 10 INITIAL GUY TENSION 10.1 Definition... 10.3 Method Of Measurement . 11 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS - 11.1 Definitions ...... 12 PROTECTIVE GROUNDING 12.1 Definitions 12.2 Standard . . 13 CLIMBING AND WORKING FACILITIES 13.1 Definitions .... 15 ANALYSIS OF EXISTING TOWERS AND STRUCTURES . 15.1 Standard .... 16 COUNTY LISTINGS OF MINIMUM BASIC WIND SPEEDS . Annex A: AnnexB: ANTENN/ Annex: TABLE OF ALLOWABLE TWIST AND SWAY VALUES FOR, PARABOLIC ANTENNAS, PASSIVE REFLECTORS, AND PERISCOPE SYSTEM REFLECTORS AnnexD: DETERMINATION OF ALLOWABLE BEAM TWIST AND SWAY FOR CROSS-POLARIZATION LIMITED SYSTEMS ...........++ AnnexE: TOWER MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION PROCEDURES . AmnexF; CRITERIA FOR THE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING STRUCTURES ‘SI CONVERSION FACTORS (COMMENTARY ON ICE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR COMMUNICATION STRUCTURES . 105 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR TOWERS ..........-- 109 CORROSION CONTROL OPTIONS FOR GUY ANCHORS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH SOIL. ese ieemegreremeeeTIARIA2F STRUCTURAL STANDARDS FOR STEEL ANTENNA TOWERS AND ANTENNA SUPPORTING STRUCTURES OBJECTIVE ‘The objective of these standards is to provide minimum criteria for specifying and designing steel antenna towers and antenne supporting structures, These stendards are not intended to replace or supersede applicable codes. The information contained in these standards wes obteined from sources as referenced and noted herein and represents, in the judgement of the subcommitice, the accepted industry practices for minimum standards for the design of steel antenna supporting, structures. It is for general information only. While itis believed to be accurate, this information should not be relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination ‘and verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer. ‘These standards utilize wind loading criteria based on an annual probability and are not intended to cover all environmental conditions which could exist at a particular location. ‘These standards apply to steel antenna towers and antenne supporting structures for all classes of ‘communications service, such as AM, CATV, FM, Microwave, Cellule, TV, VHF, etc. These standards may be adapted for intemationsl use; however, it is necessary to determine the ‘appropriate basic wind speed (fastest-mile) and ice load at the site location in the specific country based on local meteorological data. Equivalent International System of Units (SI) are given in brackets [] throughout these standards. ST conversion factors have been provided in Annex G. Itis theresponsibility of the purchaser to provide site-specific data and requirements differing from those contained in these standards, Annex A provides achecklist for assisting the purchaser in specifying the requirements for a specific structure when using these standards. ‘The user is cautioned that local conditions of wind and ice, if known, have precedence over the minimum standards described herein. SCOPE ‘These standards describe the requirements for steel antenna towers and entenne supporting structures. 1 MATERIAL 11 Standard 1.1.1 Material shall conform to one of the following standards except es provided in 1.1.2. 1.1.1.1 Structural steel, cast steel, steel forgings, and bolts shall canform to the material specifications listed in the June 1, 1989, American Institute of Steel Construction, “Specification for Structural Steel Buildings — Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design”, hereinafter referred to as the AISC specification. 1.1.12 Light gauge steel structural members shall be structural quality as defined by the August 19, 1986, American Iron and Steel Institute, “Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members”, hereinafter referred to as the AISI specification. 1.1.1.3. Material for tubular stee! pole structures and components shall conform to section 7.0 of ANSYNEMA TT1-1983, “Tapered Tubular Steel Structures”. Fete samo emezime, munaTIABIA22-F 1.1.2 When materials other than those specified herein are used, the supplier must provide certified data concerning mechanical and chemical properties. 1.13. Bolts and nut locking devices (excluding guy hardware). 1.13.1 Slip-criticel connections end connections subjected to tension where the application of externally epplied load results in prying ection produced by deformation of the connected parts shall be made with ‘high-strength bolts tightened to the minimum bolt tensions specified in the November 13, 1985, AISC, “Specification for Structural Joints ‘Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts”. ‘Exception: Where it can be shown that the stiffness of the connected parts is sufficient to reduce prying forces to insignificance, tension counections may be made with high-strength bolts tightened to a snug-tight condition as defined in the AISC specification referred to in 113. (Note: Contact surfaces for slip-critical connections shell not be oiled or painted and for golvanized materiel, the contact surfaces shall be prepared in accardanes with the AISC specification referred to in 1.13.1) 1.1.3.2. Bearing-type connections may be made with high-strength bolts tightened to & snug-tight condition as defined in the AISC specification referred to in 113.1. ~~ 1.1.3.3. Where high-strength bolts ere used and tensioned in accordance with the AISC specification referred to in 1.1.3.1, a nut-locking device is not required. 1.13.4 Bolts not covered in 1.1.3.3 require a nutlocking device. 1.13.5 Hot-dip galvanized A490 bolts shell not be used. 1.1.4 Materials other then steel are not within the scope of this section. 2 LOADING. 24 Definitions 7 2.1.1 Dead Lond — The weight of the structure, guys, and appurtenances. 2.2 Ice Load— The radial thickness of ice applied uniformly around the exposed surfaces of the structure, guys, and appurtenances. 2.1.2.1 Unless otherwise indicated, a specified radial ice thickness shall be considered as solid ice. 21.2.2 The density of solid ice shall be considered to be 56 Ib/ft? [8.8 KN/m?], 4123 The density of rime ice shall be considered t0 be 30 Lb/f? (4.7 KN/ms?. 2.13. Wind Load — The wind loading requirements specified in 2.3 (see Annex A). 213.1 Basic Wind Speed — Fastest-mile wind speed at 33 ft {10 mJ sbeve ground corresponding to an annual proability of 0.02 (50-year recurrence interval). 2.14 Appurtenances — Items attached to the structure such as antennas, transmission lines. ‘conduits, lighting equipment, climbing devices, platforms, signs, anti-climbing devices, etc. 2.14.1 Discrete Appurtenance — An appurtenance whose load can be assumed to bt concentrated at a point.22 PSP™ PLU OHGOCRFRRRP 2.1.42 Linear Appurtenance — An appurtenance whose load can be assumed to be distributed over a section of the structure. Nomenclature for Section 2 Loading Projected area of a linear eppurtenance Projected area of a discrete appurtenance Effective projected area of structural components in one face Projected arca of flat structural components in one face Gross area of one tower face as if the face were solid —~ Projected area of round structural components in one face ‘Velocity coefficient for tubular pole structure force coefficients Linear or discrete eppurtenance force coefficient Guy drag force coefficient Structure force coefficient Guy lift force coefficient Dead weight of the structure, guys, and appurtenances ‘Wind direction factor for flat structural components ‘Average diameter or average least width of a tubular pole structure Wind direction factor for round structural components Horizontal force applied to a section of the structure Desiga wind load on a discrete sppurtenance Total drag force on @ guy ‘Total lift force on a guy Gust response factor for fastest-mile basic wind speed Weight of ice Exposure coefficient Chord length of guy Reduction factor for round structural components Basic wind speed for the structure location Design wind load on the structure, appurtenances, guys, etc., with radial ice Wo Design wind load on the structure, appurtenances, guys, etc., without ice Diameter of guy strandbh Total height of structure az Velocity pressure + Ratio of camer diameter to diameter of inscribed cirele of e tubular pole structure 1 Rail thickness of ice 2 _ Height above average ground level to midpoint of section, appurtensnce or guy Clockwise angle from guy chord to wind direction vector Standard 2.3.1 Wind end Ice Loads 23.1.1 The total design wind load shall include the sum of the horizontal forces applied to the structure in the direction of the wind and the design wind load on guys and discrete appurtenances. 23.1.2 ‘This standent does not specifically state an ice requirement. Tce Jnading, depending on tower height, elevation, and exposure, may be a significant load on the structure in most parts of the United States. If the structure is to be located where ice accumulation is expected, consideration shell be given to an ice load when specifying the requirements for the structure, (Refer to Annexes A and H,) 2.3.2 ‘The horizontal force (F) applied to each section of the structure shall be celeulated from ‘the equation: FrazGr(CrAn+ © (CaAal O(N) Not to exceed 2 az Gu Ag where Ag = Gross area of one tower face (ft?) [m2] (Note: Al eppurtenances, including antennas, mounts and lines, shall be assumed to remain intact and attached to the structure regardless of their wind load capacities.) 233. The velocity pressure (qz) and the exposure coefficient (Kz) shall be calculated from the ‘equations (see Annex A): gz = 00256 Kz V? (lb/ft?) for V in mi/h or @= 613 Kz V2 Pel forVinmls fi, Kz = (2/33) for zin ftor Kz = [2/10] forz in meters 1.00 < Kz < 2.58 V = Basic wind speed for the structure location (mm/h) [m/s] z= Height above average ground level to midpoint of the section (ft) [m] 2.33.1 Unless otherwise specified, the basic wind speed (V) for the structure location shall be determined from section 16. See easctieeTIAIA222-F 2.3.4 Gust Response Factors 2.34.1 For latticed strucrres, the gust response factor (Gx) shall be calculated from the equation: Ga = .65 + .60/(0/33)!/7 for h in ft or Gu = .65 + .60/(b/10)!/7 for h in meters 00 10 CURVE 1 CURVE 4 ELok ELL R R R R (CONCENTRIC BOTH ENDS) (NO END RESTRAINT) CURVE 2 CURVE 5 Kem + 5} Hen w6 + 102% (ECCENTRIC ONE END) (PARTIAL RESTRAINT ONE END) CURVE 3 CURVE6 Kao + sok KL = 462 + 615 § (ECCENTRIC BOTH ENDS) (PARTIAL RESTRAINT BOTH ENDS) esa samence meme asst i Sikes aeraTAEIA222-F SINGLE ANGLE COMPRESSION MEMBERS SLENDERNESS RATIOS FOR LEG BRACING SYMMETRICAL BRACING y, x = 7 CRITICAL MEASURED SLENDERNESS RATIO: t EFFECTIVESLENDERNESS RATIOS: it & < 120 & > 120 CURVE CURVES STAGGERED BRACING CRITICAL MEASURED SLENDERNESS RATIOS: fk oe (A) EFFECTIVE SLENDERNESS RATIOS: L EMaxs 120 £ MAX> 120 + CURVE CURVES FOR UEG MEMBERS, , MEASURED EQUAL TO THE PANEL: ‘SPACING MEASURED ALONG THE AXIS OF THE LEG. LENGTH (L) SHALL BE Figure 3 ne Scterensoa‘SINGLE ANGLE COMPRESSION ‘MEMBERS: SLENDERNESS RATIOS FOR BRACING. MEMBERS. REFER TO SECTION 3.1.9 FOR DETERMINATION OF MEASURED LENGTH L. ‘CRITICAL MEASURED j}-——.——+| SLENDERNESS RATIO. Ry [EFFECTIVE SLENDSRNESS RATIOS: gost E b> m es 120 * CURVE 3 CURVES CRITICAL MEASURED L—-| SLENDERNESSRATIO: Ry oat [EFFECTIVE SLENDERNESS RATIOS: c . ze = ni Es erm CERES Chews at EFFECTIVE SLENDERNESS RATIOS Fras 10 fe> 1m > 0 Lea Lee L1+ 512 Note: "For bracing members with welded or two or more bolt ‘shall not be less than the distance between the centroids of connections, measured length (L) the connections ut ech end, Properly detailed welded connections may be considered as providing partial restrain ‘Figure 4 SEER etteeenenes eo icTIAEIA22-F 3.1.16 The design of reinforced concrete for foundations and guy anchors shall conform to tee “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete” (ACT 318-89) issued by the American Conerate Institute. 43,1.16.1 For structures under 700 ft [213 mi] in height, the required reinforced concrete Strength shall equal 13 times the full structure reactions produced by each load combination defined in 2.3.16. ‘ 3.1.16.2 For structures 1200 it [366 m] or greater in height, he required reinforced concrete strength shall equal 1.7 times the full structure reactions produced by each load combination defined in 2.3.16. 3.1.16 For structures between 700 ft (213 m] and 1200 ft [366m] in height, the required qeinforced concrete strength shall be determined by linear interpolation between 1.3and 1.7 times the structure reactions. 31.164 Structure height, for purposes of determining required reinforced concrete Strength, shell he beced on the tomal structure height incinding tubulsr or laticed poles ‘mounted on the structure. ing and Aodal Stresses for Polygonal Tubular Steel Pole ‘Structures ‘Compact Sections Fp= Ory ‘Noncompact Sections Hi Ye Sided 215 < /Fy wh < 365 Fyin ksi 565 < /Fy wh<958 Fy in MPe Fao 852Fy . Fp = 852 Fy (1.0 - 0.000522 /Fy wht) MPa 280 < fFywht <365 yin ksi 630 < /Fyw/t <958 Fy in MPa Fg = 870 Fy (1.0 - 0.00129 /Fy wit) ksi Fp = 870 Fy (1.0 - 0.000491 (Fy wit) MPa 260 < fFywh <365 Fyin ksi 683 < /Fywht <958 Fy in MPa Fy = .852 Fy (1.0- 0.00114 /Py wht) ksi Fp = 852 Fy (1.0 - 0.000434 /Fy wit) MPa. Tllowable combined beading and axial stress = Yield strength ‘Wall thickness ‘Actus! flat side dimension, but not less than dimension calculated using a bend radius Seorere ee ec “Local Buckling Strength of Polys- 1 Eee SoTIBIAE 4 4l 5 Sa MANUFACTURE AND WORKMANSHIP Standard 4.1.4 Manufacturing and workmanship shell be in accordance with commonly accepted standards of the structural stee! fabricating industry. 4.12. Welding procedures shell be in accordance with the requirements of the appropriate AISC or AISI specifications FACTORY FINISH Standard 5.11 In the absence of other specific requirements, all materiels shell be galvanized (see Annex A). 5.1.1.1 Structurel Materials — Structural materials shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM Al23 (hot-dip). Exceptions may be made when galvanizing in accordance with ASTM A123 would be potentially detrimental to the structure ar its components, Examples 3nclude applications utilizing certain high-strength and/or proprietary steels and weldments. Jn these cases, an alternative method of carrosion control shall be specified. 5.11.2 Hardware — Hardware shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153 (hot-dip) or ASTM B695 Class 50 (mechanical). 5.1.13 Guy Stand — Zinc-coated guy strand shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A475 or ASTM A586, PLANS, ASSEMBLY TOLERANCES, AND MARKING Standard 6.1.1 Complete plans, assembly drawings, or other documentation shall be supplied showing the necessary marking and details for the proper assembly and installation of the material, including the design yield strength of the structural members and the grade of structural bolts required. 6.12. Tolerances for the proper layout and installation of the material; andthe foundations and anchors shall be shown on the plans, 6.12.1 Plumb — The horizontal distance between the vertical centerlines at any two elevations shall not exceed .25 percent of the vertical distance between the two elevations. 6.12.2 Twist — The twist (angular rotation in the horizontal plane) between any two elevations shall not exceed 0.5* in 10 feet (3 m] and the total twist im the structure shall not exceed 5°. 6.12.3 Length — For tubular stee! pole structures with telescoping joint, butt welded or flanged shaft connections. the overall leagth of the assembled structure shall be within plus 1 Percent or minus 1/2 percent of the specified height. (Note: Horn reflectors and other types of offset-feed antennas have polarization performance requirements, which are sensitive to angular displacement from boresight direction. Special consideration must be given to the mount, attachment hardware, installation practice, as well as the support structure, to minimize all contributing factors to Serge eine Soreness6.13. Allstructural members or welded structural assemblies, except for hardware, shall have ‘apartnumber. Thepart numbers shall comespond with the assembly drawings. Thepartaumber is to be permanently attached (stamped, welded lettering, stamped ona plate thatis welded to the member, etc.) to the member before all protective coatings (galvanizing, paint, etc.) are applied. ‘The part number shall have a minimum character height of 1/2 in. [13 mm], be legible and clearly visible to an inspector after erection. 7 FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHORS 7.1 Definitions 7.1.1 Standard Foundations and Anchors — Structures designed to support the specified loads defined in Section 2 for normal soil conditions as defined in 7.1.3. Pile construction, roof installations, foundations or anchors designed for submerged soil conditions, etc,, are not to be considered as standard. 7.1.2 NonStandard Foundations and Anchors — Structures designed to support the specified Joads defined in Section 2 in accordance with site specific conditions, 7.13 Normal Soil— A cohesive soil with an allowable net vertical bearing capacity of 4000 pounds per square foot {192 kPa] and an ellowable net horizontal pressure of 400 pounds per square foot per lineal foot of depth [63 kPa per lineal meter of depth] to 2 maximum of 4000 pounds per square foot [192 kPa]. (Note: Rock, noncohesive soils, saturated or submerged soils are not to be considered normal soil.) 7.2 Standard 7.2.4 Standard foundstions and anchors may be used for bidding purposes and for construction when actual soil parameters equal or exceed normal soil parameters, 7.2.2 When stenderd foundetions end enchors are utilized for finel designs, it shall be the responsibility of the purcheser to verify by geotechnical investigation that actual site soil parameters equal or exceed normal soil parameters. (Sce Annex A.) 723 Foundations and anchors shall be designed for the maximum structure reactions resulting from the specified loads defined in Section 2 using the following criteria: 7.23.1 When standard foundations and anchors aré' to be used for construction, “normal soil” parameters from 7.1.3 shall be used for design. 7.23.2 Whennonstandard foundations and anchors are to be used for construction, the soil parameters recommended by the geotechnical engineer should incorporate a minimum factor of safety of 2.0 against ultimate soil strength (sec Annexes A and 1). 724 Uplift 7.2.4.1, Standard fou-dations, anchors, or drilled and belled piers shall be assumed toresist uplift forces by their own weight plus the weight of earth enclosed within an inverted pyramid or cone whose sides form an angle of 30° with the vertical. The base af the cone shell be the bate of the foundation if an undercut or toe is present or the top of the foundation base in the absence of the foundation undercut. Earth shall be considered to weigh 100 pounds per cubic foot [16 kN/m3] and concrete 150 pounds per cubic foot [24 kN/m?} SSR ee iiaTIAIEIA-222-F 73 7.2.42 Straight shaft drilled piers for standard foundations shall have an ultimate skin friction of 200 pounds per square foot per lineal foot of depth [31 kPa per lineal meter of depth] to amaximum of 1000 pounds per square foot of shaft surface area [48 kPe] for uplift or download resistance, 7.243 Nonstandard foundations, anchors, and drilled piers shall be designed in accordance with the recommendations of e geotechnical report (see Annex I), 7.2.44 Foundations, anchors, and drilled piers shall be proportioned in accordance with the following: (Wr /2.0) + (We/1.25) > Up and (WR+Wc)/L5 > Up where; Wp = soil resistance from 7.24.1, 7.2.4.2 01 7.2.43 We = weight of concrete Up=maximum uplift reaction 7.2.4.5 Amat or slab foundation for a self-supporting structure shall have a minimam safety factor against overturning of 1.5. 7.25 The depth of standard drilled foundations subjected to lateral or overturning loads stall be proportioned in accardance with the following: Lp > 2.0 + S/d) +2 [S4/(18d)+ $2 + MI(3A)]!? Lp > 61 + S/(143d) + 2 (87413334?) + $/96 + M/(143¢)]!? (mj where: Lp =Depth of drilled foundation below ground level (ft) fm] ¢ = Diameter of drilled foundation (ft) [m] S__ = Shear reaction at ground level (kips) [EN] M = Overturning momeat at ground level (ft-kips) [m-EN] Reference: Broms, B., “Design of Laterally Loaded Piles”, Journal of the Soil Mechanics ‘and Foundation Division Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, May, 1965. Special Conditions 7.3.1 ‘When a supportis to be designed by other than the manufacturer, the manufacturer will be responsible for furnishing the reactions, weights, and interface details for the purchaser's ‘engineer to provide the necessary attachment. 7.3.2 The effects of the presence of water shall be accounted for in the design of nonstandard foundations, Reduction in the weight of materials due to buoyancy and the effect on soil Properties under submerged conditions shall be considered.74 Foundation Drawings 1.1 Foundation drawings shall indicate structure reactions, material strengths, dimensions, reinforcing steel, and embedded anchorage material type, size, and location. Foundations designed for normal soil conditions shall be so noted. (Note: Normal soil design parameters and methods are presented to obtain uniform standard foundation and anchor designs for bidding purposes. Design methods for other conditions and other foundation types must be consistent with accepted engineering practices.) 8 SAFETY FACTOR OF GUYS 8.1 Definition 8.1.1 Guy Connection — The guy connection is defined as the hardware or mechanism by which a length of guy strand is connected to the tower, insulator, ar BUY anchor. The connection may include, but is not limited to, the following: shackles, insulators, thimbles, tumbuckles, twin base clips, u-bolt cable clips, poured socket fittings, and grip- type dead-end connections. Twin bese and u-bolt clips used on guy strand through 7/8-in. diameter shall be considered to have a maximum efficiency factor of 90 percent. In ell other cases, clips on strand shall be considered to have a maximum efficiency factor of 80 percent. For all other types of end connections, manufacturer's recommendations should be followed when determining the connection efficiency factor. 8.1.2 Safety Factor of Guys — The safety factor of guys shall be calculated by dividing the published breaking strength of the guy or guy connection strength, whichever is lower, by the maximum calculated tension design load. 82 Standard 8.2.1 For structures under 700 ft [213 m] in height, the safety factor of guys and their connections shall not be less than 2.0. 8.2.2 For structures 1200 ft [366 m] or greater in height, the safety fectar of guys end their connections shall not be less than 2.5, 8.2.3 For structures between 700 ft [213 m] and 1200 ft [366 m] in height, the minimum safety factor of guys and their connections shall be determined by linear interpolation between 2.0 and 235. Nc A 1/3 increase in stress for wind-loading conditions does not apply to the published breaking strength of guys and their connections.) 8.2.4 Structure height, for purposes of determining the required safety factor of all guys and their connections, shall be based on total structure height including tubular or latticed poles ‘mounted on the structure. 9 PRESTRESSING AND PROOF LOADING OF GUYS 9.1 Definitions 9.1.1 Prestressing of Guys — The removal of inherent constructional looseness of the guy under a sustained load. 9.12 Proof Loading — The assurance of mechanical strength of factory assembled end ‘connections. Sa epmatr Ay poeta testo SorenessTIAEIA2DF 92 Standard s 9.2.1 Prestressing and proof loading are not normally required, When specified, prestressing and proof loading shall be performed in sccordance with the recammendations of the guy manufacturer. (Note: For tall, guyed structures, consideration should be given to prestressing and proof losding,) 0 INITIAL GUY TENSION 10.1 Definition 10.1.1 Initial Guy Tension — The specified guy tension in pounds [newtons] under no wind loed conditions, at the guy anchor at the specified temperature (see 10.2). 10.2 Standard 10.2.1 Initial tension ia the guys, for design purposes, is normally 10 percent of the published breaking strength of the strand with upper and lower limits of 15 end 8 percent respectively. ‘Values of initial tension beyond these limits may be used provided consideration has been given to the sensitivity of the structure to variations in initial tension and, if necessary, to dynamic behavior (sec note below). Consideration shall be given to the site ambient temperature range. In the absence of site specific data, the initial tensions shall be based upon an ambient temperature of 60°F. (Note: The stated 8-15 percent initial tension extreme values are provided as recommended guidelines only. Specific site and terrain conditions may necessitate initial tension values ‘outside this range, When using initial tension values above 15 percent, consideration should be given to the possible effects of acolian vibration. Likewise, when using initial tension values less than 8 percent, consideration should be given to the effects of galloping and slack-taut pounding.) 103 Method of Meesurement 103.1 Initial tension may be measured by vibration frequency, mechanical tensiometers, ‘measurement of guy sag, or by other suitable methods (see Annex E). 11 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 11.1 Definitions 11.1.1 Twist — The angular rotation of the entenaa beam path in « horizontal plane from the nno-wind losd position at a specified elevation. 11.4.2 Sway — The angular rotation of the entenne beam path in e vertical plane from the no-wind load position at a specified elevation. 11.13 Displacement — The horizontal translation of e point relative to the no-wind load Position of the came point at a specified elevation, 1.2 Standard (See Annex A) 11.2.1 ‘The minimum standard shall be based on a condition of no ice and a wind load based on 50 mph basic wind speed [22.4 m/s] calculated in accordance with 23. The operational ‘Tequirements shall be based on an overall allowable 10dB degradation in radio frequency signal level. See Ferner ter SiemansTIAEIA.222-F 11.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, the operational requirements for microweve antenna/ reflector systems shall be determined using Annexes C and D. 12 PROTECTIVE GROUNDING 12.1 Definitions 12.1.1 Grounding — The means of establishing an electrical connection between the structure and the earth, adequate for lightning, high voltage, or static discherges.” 12.1.2 Primary Ground — A conducting connection between the structure and earth or some conducting body, which serves in place of the earth. 12.13 Secondary Ground — A conducting connection between an appurienance and the structure. (Note: Ground wire should not be encased in the foundation.) 122 Standard (See Annex A) 12.2.1 Structures shall be directly grounded to a primary ground. 12.2.2 A minimum ground shall consist of two 5/8 in. [16 mm] diameter galvanized stec! ‘ground rods driven not less than 8 ft [2.5 m) into the ground, 180° apart, adjacent o the structure base, The ground rods shall be bonded with s lead of not smaller than No. 6 [5 mm] tinned bare copper connected to the nesrest leg or to the metal base of the structure. A similar ground rod shall be installed at each guy anchor and similarly connected to each guy at the anchor. 12.2.3 Self-supporting towers exceeding 5 ft [1.5 m] in dace width shall have one ground rod per leg installed 2s ebove. 12.2.4 All equipment on a structure shall be connected by a secondary ground. 12.2.5 Remote passive reflectors are exempt from the grounding requirements specified herein. 33 CLIMBING AND WORKING FACILITIES 13.1. Definitions 13.1.1 Climbing Facilities — Components specifically designed or provided to permit access, auch as fixed ladders, step bolts, or structural members. 13,12 Climbing Safety Devices —- Equipment devices other than cages, designed to minimize accidental falls, ar to limit the distance of such falls. The devices permit the person to ascend cr descend the structure without having to continually manipulate the device or any part of the device, The climbing safety device usually consists of # carrier, safety sleeves, and safety bels. 13.1.3 Working Facilities — Work platforms and access runways. 13.14 Hand or Guardrails — Horizontal barriers erected along the sides or ends of working facilities to preveat falls. 132 Standard 13.2.1 Climbing and working facilities, hand or guardrails, and climbing safety devices shall ke provided when specified by the purchaser. (See Annex A.) 13.22 Climbing facilities shall be designed to support a minimum 250 (1.1 KN] pound concentrated live load. Sse SE neice SiestaTIMEIA202-F 13.2.2.1 When fixed ladders are specified as the climbing facility, they shall meet the following minimum requirements: a. Side rail spacing — 12in. (300 mm] minimum clear width. b. Rung spacing — 12 in, [300 mm] minimum center-to-center, 16 in. [410 mm] maximum. c. Rung diameter — 5/8 in. [16 mm] minimum, 13.2.2.2 When step bolts ere specified, they shall meet the following requirements: a, Clear Width — 4 1/2 in, [110 mm] minimum. b. Spacing — 12:n. minimum [300mm] center to center, alternately spaced, 18in. [460 mm] meximum. c. Diameter — 5/8 in. [16mm] minimum. 13.23 Climbing safety devices shall meet the design requirements of the American National ‘Standards Institute (ANSI) Al4.3-1984, “Safety Requirements for Fixed Ledders”, Section 7. 13.2.4 Support structures for working facilities shall be designed to support e uniform live load of 25 (1.2 kPa], but in no case shall the support structure be designed for less than a to:al live load of 500 pounds [2.2 KN]. Working surfaces, such as grating, shell be designed to support two 250-pound [1.1 KN] loads. These loads are not to be applied concurrently with wind and ice toads. 13.2.5 Hand or guardrails shall be designed to support a minimnm concentrated live load of 150 pounds (0.67 EN], applied in any direction. (Note: 13.2isintended to provideminimum requirements for new structures, Itis notintended to replace or supersede applicable laws or codes.) 14 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION 14.1 Standard 14.1.1 Maintenance and inspection of steel antenna towers and antenna supporting structures should be performed by the awner on a routine basis, (Note 1: Ttis recommended that all structures be inspected after severe wind and/or ice storms or other extreme loading conditions.) G@ote 2: Recommended inspection and maintenance procedures for towers are. provided in Annex E.) (Note 3: Shorter inspection intervals should be considered for structures in coastal salt water cavironments, in corrosive atmospheres, and in areas subject to frequent vandalism.) 15 ANALYSIS OF EXISTING TOWERS AND STRUCTURES 15.1. Standard 15.1.1 Steel antenna towers and other supporting structures should be analyzed when changes ‘occur to the original design or operational loading conditions. Recommended criteria for the analysis of existing structures are provided in Annex F.16 COUNTY LISTINGS OF MINIMUM BASIC WIND SPEEDS (See Annex A) State of ALABAMA, Slate of ALABAMA mascwmp | Basic WIND couNTY NOTE: SPEED (MPR) counry NOTE: SPEED Garp AUTAUGA 70 ‘MONROE 2 5 BALDWIN 2 109 MONTGOMERY 70 BARBOUR B MORGAN 70 BEE 2» PERRY 0 ‘BLOUNT 70 PICKENS 70 BULLOCK cy PIKE 2 5 BUTLER 2 80 RANDOLPH 10 CALHOUN 70 RUSSEL 70 (CHAMBERS: nn ‘SAINT CLAR 70 CHEROKEE w ‘SHELBY 70 CHILTON 70 SUMTER, 70 (CHOCTAW 2 30 ‘TALLADEGA 70 CLARKE 2 20 TALLAPOOSA 70 CLAY a TUSCALOOSA, nn (CLEBURNE 70 WALKER 70 (COFFEE 2 85 WASHINGION 2 85 COLBERT 70 ‘WILCOX 2 BB CONECUR 2 85 WINSTON 70 ‘COOSA. ci COVINGTON 2 90 CRENSHAW 2 30 State of ALASKA CULLMAN 70 DALE 2 20 ALEUTIAN ISLANDS 10 DALLAS 70 ‘ANCHORAGE no DEKALB 7 ‘BETHEL 0 ELMORE 70 BRISTOLBAY 105 ESCAMBIA 2 0 DILLINGHAM 105 ETOWAH 70 FAIRBANKSNO. STAR 0 FAYETTE: 7 BAINES 80 FRANKLIN 0 JUNEAU, 90 (GENEVA 2 90 KENAI PENINSULA 100 GREENE 7 KETCHIKAN GATEWAY 95 HALE 0 KOBUCEK 100 ‘HENRY et 30 KODIAK ISLAND uO HOUSTON 2 cy ‘MATANUSKA-SUSITNA 80 JACKSON: 70 ‘NOME Ho JEFFERSON 70 NORTH SLOPE 100 LAMAR 7 PRINCE OF WALES 100 LAUDERDALE 7» SITKA 109 ‘LAWRENCE. 7 SKAGWAY-YAKUTAT- ‘LEE 70 ANGOON 100 ‘LIMESTONE: 70 SOUTHEAST FAIRBANKS 7 LOWNDES B ‘VALDEZ-CORDOVA 0 MACON n ‘WADE HAMPTON 0 MADISON 70 URG * ‘MARENGO B ‘YUKON-KOYUKUK wn MARION 70 MARSHALL 70 ‘Caution: Mountzinous regions of MOBILE 2 95 ‘Alaska should be considered as ‘*For notes, see end of Section 16 yp ew hare it Meter neceSa tenor oatTIAEIA222-F ‘State of ARIZONA ‘Suute of ARKANSAS BASIC WIND BASICWIND couNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPH) COUNTY. NOTE* SPEED (MPR) APACHE 1 10 HOWARD 70 (COCHISE 70 INDEPENDENCE 7 COCONINO 1 70 TZARD 0 GLA 5 JACKSON 70 GRAHAM 70 SEEFERSON 0 GREENLEE 70 JOHNSON 7 LAPAZ 70 LAFAYETTE 70 ‘MARICOPA 5 LAWRENCE cy ‘MOHAVE, 5 LEE 70 NAVAIO 1 2D LINCOLN, 0 PIMA B LITILERIVER 0 PINAL B LOGAN 0 ‘SANTA CRUZ, 70 LONOKE 0 ‘YAVAPAT 5 MADISON 70 YUMA 0 MARION 2 MILLER, 70 ‘MISSISSIPPL 70 State of ARKANSAS, MONROE 70 area ‘MONTGOMERY 0 ARKANSAS 0 NEVADA, D ASHLEY 0 NEWTON 70 BAXTER, 70 OUACHITA 70 ‘BENTON 70 FERRY 70 BOONE 70 PHILLIPS cr ‘BRADLEY 0 PIKE, 0 ‘CALHOUN 70 ‘POINSEIT 70 CARROLL 70 POLK 10 cHicor 70 POPE 70 CLARK 70 PRAIRIE 10 cay 70 ‘FOLASEI : 70 ‘CLEBURNE 10 RANDOLPL 0 (CLEVELAND 0 SAINT FRANCIS 70 ‘COLUMBIA 7 SALINE 0 ‘CONWAY 0 ‘SCOTT, 70 CRAIGHEAD 70 SEARCY 70 ‘CRAWFORD 0 SEBASTIAN 0 (CRITTENDEN 70 SEVIER 70 Ross 2 ‘SHARP 70 DALLAS ci STONE 70 DESHA 70 UNION 0 DREW 70 VAN BUREN 70 FAULKNER 70 WASHINGTON 70 FRANKLIN, rT WHITE ci FULTON 0 WOODRUFF 70 GARLAND 0 ‘YELL 70 GRANT 70 GREENE 70 HEMPSTEAD 70 HOT SPRING 70 “For notes, see end of Section 16TABIA222-F Suz offLoRma Susie of GEORGIA | BASIC WIND BASIC WIND I COUNTY NOTE SPEED (MPH) COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPH) ORANGE 2 100 CHATTAHOOCHEE 0 OSCEOLA 2 100 CRATTOOGA 5 PALMBEACH..2 ue (CHEROKEE 70 PASCO 2 105 CLARKE % PINELLAS, 2 105 cay 75 POLK 2 100 CLAYTON 70 PUTNAM 2 95 cuNCH 2 & SAINTJOBNS 2 300 ‘COBB: 0 SAINTLUCE 2 105, ‘COFFEE 2 #0 SANTAROSA 2 100 covounT 2 2 SARASOTA 2 105 COLUMBIA B ‘SEMINOLE 2 100 COOK 2 20 ‘SUMTER, 2 1300 COWETA 0 SUWANNEE, 2 90 CRAWFORD 0 ‘TAYLOR 2 100 cRBP B UNION 2 95 DADE 0 VOLUSIA 2 100 DAWSON 5 WAKULLA, 2 100 DECATUR, al ” WALTON 2 100 DEKALB 0 WASHINGTON 2 95 DODGE B DOOLY B DOUGHERTY 5 Sue af GEORGIA DOUGLAS 0 EARLY 2 0 APPLING 2 a5 ECHOLS 2 85 ‘ATKINSON 2 80 EFFINGHAM 3 ” BACON 2 85 ELBERT B BAKER 2 0 EMANUEL, a 80 BALDWIN 75 EVANS al s BANKS B FANNIN 70 BARROW B FAYETTE 0 BARTOW 5 FLovD 0 BENELL 80 FORSYTH B BERRIEN 2 20 FRANELIN 5 BIB 7” FULTON 0 BLECKLEY 5B GILMER 0 BRANTLEY 2 0 GLASCOCR, 5 BROOKS 2 85 ‘GLYNN 2 9% BRYAN 2 90 ‘GORDON 0 BULLOCH 2 5 GRADY 2 co BURKE. 80 GREENE 5 BUTTS 70 (GWINNETT a CALHOUN 6 HABERSHAM B CAMDEN 2 % ‘HALL 5 CANDLER 2 80 HANCOCK, 5 CARROLL, 70 HARALSON 0 CATOOSA 70 HARRIS 70 CHARLTON 2 90 ‘BART 8 CHATHAM 2 5 HEARD 0 ‘*For notes, see end of Section 16 eee SSR tenesTIAIEIA ‘Suis sf GEORGIA (Sie ot GEOR BASIC WIND BASIC WIND COUNTY NOTE- SPEED (MPH) couNTY. NOTE* SPEED (MPH) ‘HENRY 70 ‘SCHLEY 0 HOUSTON 5 ‘SCREVEN 2 80. IRWIN 80 SEMINOLE 2 & JACKSON 5 SPALDING 0 JASPER 5 STEPHENS: B JEFFDAVIS 2 80 ‘STEWART 70 JEFFERSON 6 SUMTER 70 JENKINS 2 80 ‘TALBOT 70 JOHNSON 1s ‘TALIAFERRO 5 JONES 6 ‘TATINALL e & ‘LAMAR 70 ‘TAYLOR 70 LANIER 2 85, TELFAR 80 LAURENS 5 ‘TERRELL B LEE 6 THOMAS 2 85 LIBERTY 2 90 TET 80 ‘LINCOLN 15 TOOMRS 2 8B LONG 2 90 TOWNS: 0 LOWNDES 2 35 ‘TREUILEN 80 LUMPKIN 5 TROUP 70 ‘MACON 70 TURNER B ‘MADISON 5 TWIGGS B ‘MARION 70 UNION 70 ‘MCDUFFIE 1s UPSON 70 MCINTOSH. 2 95 WALKER B ‘MERIWETHER 70 WALTON B ‘MILLER 2 80 WARE 2 & ‘MITCHELL 2 80 WARREN B ‘MONROE 70 ‘WASHINGTON B MONTGOMERY, 2 80 ‘WAYNE, 2 90 MORGAN 5 ‘WEBSTER 10 ‘MURRAY 70 ‘WHEELER, . 80 ‘MUSCOGEE 70 WHITE 0 NEWTON 15 ‘WHITFIELD 0 OCONEE 5 WILCOX B OGLETHORPE 6 WILKES B PAULDING 0 WILKINSON B PEACH 70 WORTH B PICKENS 6 PIERCE 2 90 PIKE 70 ‘State of HAWAIL POLK 70 eee ‘PULASKT 15 ‘HAWAIL 80 PUINAM, 15 HONOLULU 80 QUITMAN 6 KAUAT 8 ‘RABUN 70 MAUI 2 ‘RANDOLPH 5 ‘RICHMOND 6 ROCKDALE 70 ‘*For notes, see end of Section 16 or EET PaTIAEIA22-F Stal of IDAEO Sta of ILLINOIS BASICWIND BASICWIND COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPH) counry NOTE* SPEED (MPH) ADA 70 ADAMS 70 ADAMS 70 ALEXANDER, 0 BANNOCK 70 BOND 70 BEARLAKE B ‘BOONE 20 BENEWAE 70 BROWN : 70 BINGHAM 70 BUREAU, 6 BLAINE 70 CALHOUN 70 BOISE 70 CARROLL 80 BONNER 70 CASS. 70 BONNEVELE 6 (CHAMPAIGN 70 BOUNDARY 70 CRRISTIAN a BUTTE 70 CLARK 7” CAMAS 70 CLAY 70 CANYON 70 CLINTON: 70 CARIBOU B COLES) 70 ASSIA 0 ‘cooK 1 5 CLARK 1 70 CRAWFORD 70 CLEARWATER 1 70 CUMBERLAND: 70 CUSTER 1 a DEKALB B ELMORE @ DEWIT 70 FRANKLIN 10 ‘DOUGLAS 70 FREMONT 1 B DUPAGE B GEM 70 EDGAR 70 GOODING 70 ‘EDWARDS 70 IDAHO 1 70 ‘EFFINGHAM 70 JEFFERSON 70 FAYETTE, 70 JEROME, 0 FORD 10 KOOTENAI 70 FRANKLIN 70 LATA 70 FULTON 70 LEME L 70 GALLATIN 0 LEWS: 70 ‘GREENE 70 LINCOLN 70 GRUNDY B ‘MADISON B ‘HAMILTON 10 ‘MINIDOKA 70 HANCOCK B ‘NEZ PERCE » ‘HARDIN 0 ONEIDA 70 ‘HENDERSON 5 OWYBEE cy ‘HENRY B ‘PAYETTE 70 ‘TROQUOIS B POWER 0 JACKSON 0 ‘SHOSHONE 1 0 JASPER 0 ‘TETON 5 JEFFERSON 0 ‘TWINFALLS acy JERSEY 0 VALLEY 70 JODAVIESS 0 WASHINGTON 70 JOHNSON 0 KANE B KANKAKEE B KENDALL 5 KNOX 5 *For notes, see end of Section 16| TIABIA222-F q i | Sexe of WLINOIS Stas of ILLINOIS ' BASIC WIND BASIC WIND 1 COUNTY NOTE: SPEED MPH) COUNTY NOTE! SPEED (MPH) LAKE 1 30 WEITESIDE, 80 LASALLE, 5 wie % LAWRENCE. 0 WILLIAMSON 70 LE 8 ‘WINNEBAGO 20 LIVINGSTON 5 WOODFORD 78 LOGAN 0 MACON 0 ‘Stue of INDIANA MACOUPIN 0 MADISON 70 ADANS B ‘MARION 7” ALLEN B MARSHALL 5 BARTHOLOMEW 0 MASON 70 BENTON B MASSAC ” BLACKFORD 0 McbONOUGE 0 BOONE a MCHENRY 20 BROWN 0 MCLEAN 70 CARROLL 0 MENARD 0 CASS 6 MERCER 5 CLARK 0 MONROE 7 cay 0 ‘MONTGOMERY 70 ‘LINTON 0 MORGAN 70 CRAWFORD 0 MOULTRIE 70 DAVIESS 70 OGLE 30 DEARBORN 70 PEORIA 5 DECATUR, 70 PERRY 70 DEKALB 75 PIATT 0 DELAWARE 0 PIKE 70 DUBOIS 0 POPE 0 ELKBART 5 PULASKI 0 FAYETTE 0 PUTNAM, 5 FLOYD 0 RANDOLPH 0 FOUNTAIN 0 RICHLAND 0 FRANKLIN 70 ROCKISLAND 5 FULTON 6 SAINT CLAIR 70 ‘GIBSON 0 SALINE 70 GRANT. 0 SANGAMON 70 GREENE 0 SCHUYLER 70 HAMILTON 0 SOOT 0 HANCOCK 10 SHELBY ” HARRISON 0 ‘STARK 6 HENDRICKS 0 STEFEENSON 0 HENRY 7” TAZEWELL 0 EOWARD 70 UNION 70 EUNTINGTON 6 VERMILION 70 JACKSON 70 WABASH 70 JASPER 5 ‘WARREN 75 Jay 70 WASHINGTON 0 IEFFERSON 0 WAYNE 0 JENNINGS cy WHITE 0 JOHNSON 0 “Por notes, see end of Section 16 So. Fea etme en aint teaTIAEIA.222F Suate of INDIANA State of INDIANA BASIC WIND BASIC WIND couNTY NOTE SPEED (MPH) couNTY NOTES PB) KNOX 0 ‘WELLS 5 KOSCIUSKO 3 ‘WHE B LAPORTE 1 % WHITLEY 6 LAGRANGE B 2 LAKE i B LAWRENCE 7” Seate of JOWA MADISON 0 MARION nm ADAR, 80 MARSHALL, 5 ‘ADAMS 80 MARIN n ‘ALLAMAKEE 0 MIAMI 6 -APPANOOSE, 80 MONROE 70 ‘AUDUBON 8 ‘MONTGOMERY 70 BENTON 80 MORGAN 70 ‘BLACK HAWK 80 NEWTON 5 BOONE 20 NOBLE B ‘BREMER 80 OHIO 0 ‘BUCHANAN 80 ORANGE 7 BUENA VISTA 80 OWEN 7 BUILER 80 PARKE 0 ‘CALHOUN 8 FERRY ud ‘CARROLL 80 PIKE 70 ‘CASS 80 PORTER 1 5 EDAR 80 POSEY 70 ‘CERRO GORDO 80 PULASKI 6 (CHEROKEE 20 PUTNAM 0 CHICKASAW 0 RANDOLPH, 0 CLARKE 0 RIPLEY 0 LAY 0 RUSH 70 CLAYTON 0 ST, JOSEPH 5B CNTON 30 Scorr 0 CRAWFORD 30 ‘SHELBY 70 DALLAS 0 SPENCER 70 DAVIS 3 STARKE B DECATUR STEUBEN B DELAWARE 0 SULLIVAN 0 DES MOINES 15 ‘SWITZERLAND 0 DICKINSON 80 TIPPECANOE 0 DUBUQUE 80 TIPTON 70 EMMET 80 UNION 20 FAYETTE. 20 VANDERBURGH 0 FLOYD 0 VERMILLION 0 FRANKLIN 20 ‘vico 0 FREMONT 80 WABASH B GREENE 80 WARREN 0 GRUNDY 20 WARRICK 7” GUTHRIE 80 WASHINGTON 70 HAMILTON 0 WAYNE 70 HANCOCK 0TIAIEIA-222-F Stase of IOWA State of OWA BASIC WIND BASIC WIND COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (APH) couNTY NOTEt SPEED (MPH) HARDIN 80 WARREN 80 HARRISON 80 WASHINGTON 80 HENRY B WAYNE, 80 HOWARD 50 ‘WEBSTER 80 HUMBOLDT 80 WINNEBAGO 80 DA 80 ‘WINNESHIER 80 OWA 80 WOODBURY 80 JACKSON 80 WORTH. 80 JASPER 20 WRIGHT 80 JEFFERSON 80 JOHNSON 20 JONES 80 ‘State of KANSAS KEOKUK 20 KOSSUTH 80 LEE 5 ALLEN 15 LINN 80 ‘ANDERSON 15 LOUISA B ATCHISON 80 LUCAS 80 BARBER, 80 LYON 85 BARTON 80 ‘MADISON 80 BOURBON 70 MABASKA 80 BROWN 80 MARION, 80 BUTLER 80 MARSHALL 30 ‘CHASE. 80 ‘MILLS 80 CHATAUQUA 5 ‘MITCHELL 80 (CHEROKEE 70 ‘MONONA, 80 (CHEYENNE 85 ‘MONROE 80 CLARK 80 ‘MONTGOMERY 80 cay 80 ‘MUSCATINE 2 coup 80 O'BRIEN 30 ‘COFFEY, 5 OSCEOLA 80 COMANCHE 80 PAGE 80 COWLEY 80 PALO ALTO 80 (CRAWFORD: 70 PLYMOUTH 80 DECATUR, 35 POCAHONTAS 80 DICKINSON 80 POLK 80 DONIPHAN 80 POTTAWATTAMIE 80 ‘DOUGLAS 80 POWESHIEK 80 ‘EDWARDS 80 RINGGOLD 80 BE 5 SAC 80 Hus 85 scorT 80 ELLSWORTH 80 ‘SHELBY 80 FINNEY 85 ‘SIOUX 5 FORD 85 STORY 80 FRANKLIN 15 TAMA 30 GEARY 80 ‘TAYLOR 80 GOVE 85, UNION 80 GRAHAM: 85 VAN BUREN 8 GRANT 85 ‘WAPELLO Co GRAY 85 ‘*For notes, see end of Section 16State of KANSAS Stae of KANSAS BASIC WIND BASIC WIND COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPR) NOTE*® SPEED (MPH) GREELEY 85 30 GREENWOOD ey SCOIT as HAMILTON 85 SEDGWICK 80 HARPER 80, SEWARD 85 HARVEY £0 SHAWNEE 30 ‘HASKELL 85 SHERIDAN 85 HODGEMAN 85 SHERMAN 85 JACKSON 80 ‘SMITH 3 JEFFERSON: 80 STAFFORD ri JEWELL 80 STANTON 8s JOHNSON 6 STEVENS 85 KEARNY 85 SUMNER. 80 KINGMAN 20 THOMAS Fa KIOWA. 80 ‘TREGO, 8 LABETTE 70 ‘WABAUNSEE 50 ‘LANE 85 WALLACE 85 LEAVENWORTH 80 WASHINGTON 80 LINCOLN 80 WICHITA a5 1ONN 5 WILSON 75 LOGAN 35 WOODSON 6 LYON 80 WYANDOTTE 8 MARION 80 MARSHALL 80 MCPHERSON 50 ‘tute of KENTUCKY MEADE 85 MIAMI 5 ADAIR 0 ‘MITCHELL 80 ALLEN 70 MONTGOMERY Bs ANDERSON 7 ‘MORRIS: 80 ‘BALLARD 70 MORTON cy BARREN 7 NEMAHA 80 BATH 70 ‘NEOSHO 5 ‘BELL 7 NESS 85 ‘BOONE 0 ‘NORTON 85 BOURBON 70 OSAGE 80 BOYD 7 ‘OSBORNE 80 ‘BOYLE 70 ‘OTTAWA 80 BRACKEN 7 PAWNEE 20 ‘BREATHNT, 70 PHILLIPS 8s BRECKINRIDGE. 7 POTTAWATOMIE, 80 ‘BULLIT 1 ‘PRATT 80 ‘BUTLER 70 RAWLINS 85 CALDWELL 7» RENO 80 ‘CALLOWAY 70 REPUBLIC 80 (CAMPBELL 70 RICE 80 CARLISLE 70 RILEY 80 CARROLL 0 ROOKS 85 ‘CARTER 70 RUSH 5 CASEY » RUSSELL 80 (CHRISTIAN 70 *For notes, see end of Section 16 SESE eed eeTINEIA222-F State of KENTUCKY Ste of KENTUCKY BASIC WIND BASIC WIND counTy NOTE? SPEED MPH) couNT NOTEt SPEED (MP) CLARK a MAGOFFIN 0 cay 70 MARION 0 LINTON 0 | MARSHALL 70 CRITTENDEN m joo Mammy 70 CUMBERLAND 0 MASON 70 DAVIESS 70 MCCRACKEN 0 EDMONSON 70 MCCREARY 0 ELLIOTT 0 MCLEAN 7” ESTLL 0 MEADE x FAYETTE 0 ‘MENIFEE 0 FLEMING 70 MERCER 0 FLOYD 0 ‘METCALFE 0 FRANKLIN 0 ‘MONROE 0 FULTON 20 MONTGOMERY 7 GALLATIN 0 ‘MORGAN 0 GARRARD 70 MUBLENBERG 70 GRANT 70 NELSON 0 GRAVES 70 | NICHOLAS 70 GRAYSON w joao % GREEN 70 ‘OLDEAM 0 GREENUP 0 OWEN 0 HANCOCK 1 OWSLEY 0 HARDIN 70 PENDLETON 70 HARLAN 10 PERRY » BARRISON 0 PIKE 0 HART 0 POWELL 0 HENDERSON 0 PULASKI 0 HENRY 0 ROBERTSON 0 HICKMAN 7” ROCKCASTLE 7” HOPKINS 70 ROWAN 0 JACKSON 0 RUSSELL 0 JERFERSON 70 scoTT ” JESSAMINE 70 SHELBY 0 JOHNSON 70 SIMPSON 7” KENTON 0 SPENCER 0 KNOTT 0 ‘TAYLOR 0 KNOX 0 TODD 0 LARUE 70 TRIGG 0 LAUREL 70 ‘TRIMBLE, 70 LAWRENCE 7 ‘UNION 10 LEE 70 WARREN 0 LESLIE, 0 WASHINGTON 0 LETCHER 0 WAYNE, 0 LEWIS 0 WEBSTER 70 LINCOLN 0 WHITLEY 0 “LIVINGSTON 70 WOLFE 0 LOGAN 70 ‘WOODFORD 0 LYON 0 ‘MADISON 0 *For notes, see end of Section 16Stam of LOUISIANA ‘State of LOUISIANA BASICWIND BASIC WIND counry NOTE SPEED (MF) COUNTY NOTE: SPEED Q4PH) ACADIA 2 95 ‘SAINT MARTIN 2 100 ALLEN 2 0 ‘SAINT MARY 2 105 ASCENSION 2 100 SAINTTAMMANY 2 100 ASSUMPTION. 2 100 ‘TANGIPAHOA 2 95 AVOYELLES 2 8 TENSAS 20 BEAUREGARD 2 0 ‘TERREBONNE 2 105 BIENVILLE 7” ‘UNION 70 BOSSTER, 70 VERMILION 2 100 ‘CADDO. ” ‘VERNON 2 5 CALCASIEU 95 1 WASHINGTON 2 8 CALDWELL % WEBSTER 70 ‘CAMERON 2 100 WESTBATONROUGE 2 98 CATAHOULA 80 WEST CARROLL 70 CLAIBORNE, 70 WESTFELICIANA = 2 CONCORDIA 8 , MINS 0 DESOTO 70 EASTBATONROUGE 2 95 EAST CARROLL 0 EASTFELIGANA 2 0 EVANGELIE 2 0 State of MAINE: FRANKLIN 5 GRANT 9 ANDROSCOGGIN 80 IBERIA 2 100 AROOSTOOK, 5 IBERVILLE, 2 100 CUMBERLAND 80 JACKSON x | FRANKLIN 5 JEFFERSON 2 105 HANCOCK ” JEFFERSONDAVIS. 2 5 KENNEBEC 80 ‘LAFAYETTE, 2 100 KNOX 85 LAFOURCHE 2 105 LINCOLN a5 LASALLE, 80 ‘OXFORD, 1 5 TINCOLN 70 PENOBSCOT 5 LIVINGSTON 2 100 PISCATAQUIS 0 MADISON 70 SAGADAHOC 85 MOREHOUSE 0 ‘SOMERSET 30 ‘NATCHITOCHES 75 ‘WALDO. 85 ‘ORLEANS 2 105 ‘WASHINGTON 100 OUACHITA 70 ‘YORK 0 PLAQUEMINES 2 105 POINTCOUFEE 2 95 RAPIDES, as REDRIVER 0 RICHLAND 0 0 SABINE 5 ANNE ARUNDEL 2 15 SAINTBERNARD 2 105 BALTIMORE 2 B SAINT CHARLES 2 15 CALVERT 2 cng SAINTHELENA 2 95 ‘CAROLINE 2 0 SAINTIAMES 2 100 ‘CARROLL 2 70 SAINTJOHNTHE BAPTIST 2 100 cat 2 5 SAINTLANDRY = 2 5 ‘CEARLES 2 B DORCHESTER 2 so ‘FREDERICK, 2 0 “For notes, see end of Section 16State of MARYLAND ‘State of MICHIGAN BASIC WIND BASIC WIND counry NOTE* SPEED (MPE) county NOTE* SPEED (MPH) GARRETT 0 CHARLEVOIX 1 6 HARFORD 2 5 CHEROYGAN 1 5 HOWARD 2 0 (CHIPPEWA L 0 KENT > 5 | CLARE B MONTGOMERY = 2 70 cuNTON 6 PRINCEGEORGE'S 2 6B (CRAWFORD B QUEEN ANNE'S 2 75 DELTA 80 SAINTMARY'S 2 8 DICKINSON 80 SOMERSET 2 s EATON 6 TALBOT 2 80 EMMET 1 3 WASHINGTON 2 0 GENESEE 5 WICOMICO 2 85 GLADWIN 6 WORCESTER 2 %” ‘GOGEBIC 1 5 GRANDTRAVERSE =i 8 GRATIOT 8 State of MASSACHUSETTS BILLSDALE, 5 HOUGHTON 1 0 BARNSTABLE 2 100 HURON 1 6 BERKSHIRE 42 0 INGHAM B BRISTOL 2 90 IONIA B DUKES 2 95 TOSCO 1 5 ESSEX 2 90 sRON 80 FRANKLIN 12 5 SSABELLA 6 BAMPDEN 2 80 JACKSON Bs HAMPSHIRE 2 8 KALAMAZOO B ‘MIDDLESEX 2 20 EALKASKA 1 B NANTUCKET 2 105 KENT 5 NORFOLK 2 90 ‘KEWEENAW 1 0 FLYMOUTE z 5 LAKE 2 SUFFOLK, 2 0 LAPEER 6 WORCESTER 2 a5 ‘LEELANAU 1 30 ‘LENAWEE 5 ‘LIVINGSTON 5 State of MICHIGAN LUCE i 0 ‘MACKINAC 1 B ALCONA 1 B ‘MACOMB 5 ‘ALGER 1 B ‘MANISTEE 1 0 ALLEGAN i 5 ‘MARQUETTE 1 20 ‘ALPENA 1 % MASON 1 80 ‘ANTRIM 1 B ‘MECOSTA 5 ‘ARENAC 1 B MENOMINEE 5 BARAGA 1 B MIDLAND 6B BARRY 5 MISSAUKEE 5 BAY 1 B ‘MONROE B BLNZIE 1 20 ‘MONTCALM 8 BERRIEN 1 6 MONTMORENCY 5 BRANCH 5 MUSKEGON 1 80 ‘CALEGUN 6 NEWAYGO_ 80 cass 75 OAKLAND 5 “For notes, see end of Section 16 Brecegeeee esteem Ssotossiiaaas‘State of MICHIGAN, TIAL 222-F BASICWIND BASIC WIND couNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPH) couNTY NOTE* SPEED (PH) OCEANA i 80 HOUSTON 8 OGEMAW, 8 HUBBARD 80 ONTONAGON 1 5 ISANTT OSCEOLA, B ITASCA, ‘scope 5 JACKSON OTSEGO B KANABEC OTTAWA, 80 KANDIYOHI PRESQUE ISLE B XITTSON ROSCOMMON 6 KOOCHICHING SAGINAW 1 B LAC QUIPARLE, SAINT CLAIR 1 B TAKE SAINT JOSEPA B LAKE OF THE WOODS SANILAC 1 8 LESUEUR SCHOOLCRAFT I 80 LINCOLN SHIAWASSEE, 6 LYON TUSCOLA, 1 B ‘MAHNOMEN VANBUREN 1 B MARSHALL WASHTENAW B MARIN WAYNE 8 MCLEOD WEXFORD 80 MEEKER MILLELAC MORRISON State of MINNESOTA MOWER, Poe MURRAY ANIKIN % ICOLLET ‘ANOKA 80 NOBLES BECKER 5 ‘NORMAN BELTRAMI 80 ‘OLMSTED BENTON 80 OTTER TAL BIG STONE 0 PENNINGTON BLUEEARTH 80 PINE BROWN 80 PIPESTONE CARLTON 1 5 POLK CARVER 20 POPE ‘CASS 80, ‘RAMSEY CHIPPEWA, a5 RED LAKE, CHISAGO 6 REDWOOD cay 0 RENVILLE ‘CLEARWATER 80 RICE OOK 70 ROCK COTTONWOOD: 8 ROSEAU, CROW WING 20 SAINT LOUIS 1 DAKOTA 80 scorr DODGE 80 SHERBURNE DOUGLAS & SIBLEY 0 FARIBAULT 80 STEARNS 80 FILLMORE 80 STEELE 20 ‘FREEBORN 80 ‘STEVENS 90 GOODHUE 80 ‘SWEET 85 GRANT % TODD 20 ‘HENNEPIN , 80 TRAVERSE 90 *For notes, see end of Section 16 aS caer isTABIA2F State of MINNESOTA Suse af MISSISSIFFE BASIC WIND BASIC WIND COUNTY NOTE: SFEED (WP) country NOTE: SPEED (MPH 'WABASHA 30 ‘LAWRENCE 2 8 WADENA 80 LEAKE ia ‘WASECA. 30, ‘LEE a ‘WASHINGTON 80, ‘LEFLORE, WALONWAN 80 ‘LINCOLN 2 WILKIN 90 LOWNDES WINONA 30 MADISON 0 WRIGHT 80 MARION 2 90 "YELLOW MEDICINE 85 MARSHALL 1 MONROE 7% ‘Stn of MISSISSIPPI MONTGOMERY sd ‘NESHOBA 70 ADAMS: 80 NEWTON 8 ‘ALCORN 0 NOXUBEE 0 AMITE 2 ro) OKTIBBERA 7% ‘ATTALA 0 PANOLA 70 BENTON 7 PEARL RIVER 2 95 BOLIVAR 7 ‘PERRY 2 90 ‘CALHOUN, 2 PIKE 2 90 ‘CARROLL 10 PONTOTOC ao (CHICKASAW 70 PRENTISS 70 (CHOCTAW 0 QUITMAN: n CLAIBORNE 5 RANKIN 5 CLARKE 2 5 SCOTT 3 hay 0 SHARKEY 0 COAHOMA nm ‘SIMPSON 80 COPIA 80 ‘SMITH s COVINGTON 2 80 ‘STONE 2 95 DESOTO 70 SUNFLOWER, 70 FORREST 2 90 TALLAHATCHIE 0 FRANKLIN 2 35 ‘TATE 70 GEORGE 2 coy ‘TIPPAH 70 (GREENE 2 9 ‘TISHOMINGO 70 GRENADA 70 ‘TUNICA 7 HANCOCK 2 100 ‘UNION 70 ‘HARRISON 2 100 ‘WALTHALL 2 0 HINDS 75 WARREN 70 HOLMES 1 ‘WASHINGTON 10 HUMPHREYS 0 WAYNE 2 5 ISSAQUENA 0 WEDSTER » ITAWAMBA 7 WILKINSON 2 cy JACKSON 2 100 WINSTON, 0 JASPER, 8 ‘YALOBUSHA 0 JEFFERSON 0 ‘YAZOO 70 JEFFERSONDAVIS 7 85 JONES 85 KEMPER 1 ‘LAFAYETTE 0 LAMAR 2 2 ‘LAUDERD/ SB For notes, see end of Section 16 eeTIABIA22F ——ee ‘Suto of MISSOURL ‘BASIC WIND ‘BASIC WIND COUNTY NOTE: SPEED (MPH) counry NOTE SPEED (FE) ADAIR B sRON. mw ANDREW 80 JACKSON, 6B ATCHISON 280 JASPER 0 AUDRAIN 70 JEEFERSON 70 ‘BARRY. 0 JOHNSON 6 BARTON 0 KNOX 3 ‘BATES 0 ‘LACLEDE, 0 BENTON 70 LAFAYETTE B BOLLINGER 70 ‘LAWRENCE 0 BOONE 70 Lews B BUCHANAN 30 LINCOLN 0 BUTLER 0 LINN 5 CALDWELL B ‘LIVINGSTON 6 ‘CALLAWAY 70 MACON B CAMDEN 70 MADISON 0 CAPE GIRARDEAU 0 ‘MARIES 0 CARROLL 5 ‘MARION rT ‘CARTER 70 MCDONALD 0 ‘CASS B ‘MERCER 20 CEDAR 0 MILLER 0 CHARLTON 7 ‘MISSISSIPPI 0 (CBRISTIAN 70 ‘MONITEAU, 70 CLARK 6 ‘MONROE i LAY B ‘MONTGOMERY, 70 CLINTON 0 ‘MORGAN 70 COLE 70 ‘NEW MADRID 0 COOPER 70 NEWION 70 CRAWFORD 10 ‘NODAWAY 80 DADE n ‘OREGON 70 ‘DALLAS m ‘OSAGE 0 ‘DAVIESS 80 OZARK 70 DEKALB 80 PEMISCOT 70 DENT 10 PERRY 70 DOUGLAS 70 FETTIS 70 DUNELIN 0 PHELPS 70 FRANKLIN 70 PIKE, 70 GASCONADE 0 PLATTE 80 GENTRY 80 POLK 70 (GREENE 0 ‘PULASKI 10 GRUNDY 1 PUTNAM B HARRISON 80 RALLS 70 ‘HENRY 70 ‘RANDOLPH 10 BICKORY 70 RAY 5 BOLT 80 ‘REYNOLDS 70 BOWARD, 70 RIPLEY 0 BOWELL 70 For notes, see end of Section 16TIAEIA.202-F State of MISSOURI State of MONTANA BASICWIND COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPH) COUNTY NOTES ‘SAINT CHARLES 0 JEFFERSON ‘SAINT CLAIR 0 JUDITHBASIN ‘SAINT FRANCOIS 0 LAKE 1 SAINT GENEVIEVE w LEWIS AND GLARE SAINT LOUIS 70 LIBERTY 1 ‘SAINT LOUIS CITY 70 LINCOLN 1 SALINE 5 ‘MADISON 1 SCHUYLER B ‘MCCONE SOOTLAND B MEAGHER ScorT 70 ‘MINERAL 1 ‘SHANNON 0 ‘MISSOULA 1 ‘SHELBY B ‘MUSSELSHELL STODDARD 0 PARK 1 STONE 2 PETROLEUM ‘SULLIVAN % ‘PHILLIPS TANEY 0 PONDERA 1 TEXAS 0 POWDER RIVER ‘VERNON 0 POWELL WARREN 7% FRAIRIE ‘WASHINGTON 0 RAVALLI 1 WAYNE 0 RICHLAND WEBSTER 0 ROOSEVELT ‘WORTH 30 ROSEBUD WRIGHT 0 SANDERS 1 ‘SBERIDAN SILVER BOW ‘State of MONTANA, ‘STILLWATER ‘SWEET GRASS BEAVEREEAD 1 cy TSION 1 BIGHORN a5 TOOLE 1 BLAINE ca ‘TREASURE BROADWATER B VALLEY CARBON 0 ‘WHEATLAND CARTER 0 ‘WIRAUX CASCADE 5 ‘YELLOWSTONE CHOUTEAU 1 80 CUSTER 0 ‘DANIELS 20 ‘Stat of NEBRASKA DAWSON 30 Peer errr DEER LODGE 0 ADAMS FALLON 80 ‘ANTELOPE ‘FERGUS 0 ARTHUR FLATHEAD 1 0 BANNER GALLATIN 1 B BLAINE GARFIELD 0 ‘BOONE GLACIER 1 5 BOXBUITE GOLDEN VALLEY 80 BOYD GRANITE, 0 BROWN ELL 80 BUFFALO ‘*For notes, see end of Section 16 a nett BASIC WIND ‘SPEED (MPH) 0 80 70 6 ASSSRANSSSSSRSSSSSRASSSRSIIISUSS RRRRERRARRGTIARIA DF ‘State of NEBRASKA. ‘Suate of NEBRASKA BASICWIND BASICWIND COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPH) COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPH) BURT 80 MCPHERSON 35 BUTLER 80 ‘MERRICK 5 ‘CASS 80 ‘MORRILL 85 CEDAR 85 NANCE, s CHASE a5 ‘NEHAMA 80 CHERRY 80 ‘NUCKOLLS 80 (CHEYENNE co ‘OTE 80 cay 80 PAWNEE 80 COLFAX, 30 PERKINS 5 CUMING 80 ‘PHELPS 5 (CUSTER 85 ‘PIERCE 85 ‘DAKOTA 35 FLATIE 85 DAWES: 8 POLK 30 DAWSON Fy RED WILLOW 85 DEUEL 5 RICHARDSON 80 DIXON 5 ROCK 35 DODGE 80 SALINE 80 DOUGLAS 80 SARPY 80 ‘DUNDY 5 SAUNDERS: 80 FILLMORE, 20 SCOTTS BLUFF 85 FRANKLIN 5 ‘SEWARD 80 FRONTIER 85 SHERIDAN 80 FURNAS 85 ‘SHERMAN 5 GAGE o SIOUX 85 ‘GARDEN, 85 ‘STANTON 8 GARFIELD 35 THAYER 80 GOSFER 85 THOMAS 85 GRANT. 85 ‘THURSTON 5 GREELEY 35 ‘VALLEY, 85 HALL 85 ‘WASHINGTON 80 ‘HAMILTON 3B WAYNE 5 HARLAN FS WEBSTER 85 HAYES 85 WHEELER 85 HITCHOOCK 35 YORK. 80 ‘BOLT 5 HOOKER 85 HOWARD 85 ‘Suate of NEVADA. JEFFERSON 30 JOHNSON 2 CHURCHILL 1s ‘KEARNEY 35 CLARK 1 B KEITH co DOUGLAS 1 cr KEYA PARA 5 ELKO 70 ‘KIMBALL 85 ESMERALDA 3 KNOX 85 ‘EUREKA 20 LANCASTER 80 HUMBOLDT 70 LINCOLN 85 ‘LANDER 80 LOGAN 5 LINCOLN 80 LOUP. 85 LYON 1 70 MADISON 5 *For notes, see end of Section 16 SesTARA 222-F Sue of NEVADA Sia of NEW MEXICO BASIC WIND BASICWIND COUNTY —«NOTE® SPEED (P=) counry NOTE SPEED (MPR) MINERAL aes BERNALILLO 70, NYE 1 20 CATRON 70 PERSHING 70 CHAVES i 8 STOREY 3 38 CBOLA 78 ‘WASHOE 1 70 COLFAX 80 WHITEPINE 6 CoRRY 30 DEBACA 50 DONA ANA 70 ‘Sui of NEW HAMPSHIRE | EpDy 5 Soa GRANT 0 BELKNAP 2 20 GUADALUPE 1 2 CARROLL 2 80 HARDING 80 (CHESHIRE 2 8 EIDALGO 0 coos: 12 7s | LEA 0 GRAFTON 2 70 LINCOLN 1 5 HILLSBOROUGH 2 80 LOS ALAMOS is MERRIMACK 2 20 TUNA 0 ROCKINGHAM 2 8 ‘MCKINLEY 70 STRAFFORD z 85 ‘MORA, 30, SULLIVAN 12 5 OTERO 1 70 QUAY se RIO ARRIBA 45 Sta of NEW JERSEY ROOSEVELT 80 SANDOVAL 70 ATLANTIC 2 cy ‘SAN JUAN 0 BERGEN 2 80 ‘SAN MIGUEL 1 80, BURLINGTON 2 80 SANTA FE 1 1s (CAMDEN: 2 80 ‘SIERRA 70 (CAFE MAY 2 ss SOCORRO 0 CUMBERLAND = (2 Py TAOS 0 ‘ESSEX. 2 80 ‘TORRANCE 1 ei GLOUCESTER. 2 80 UNION 85 ‘HUDSON 2 80 ‘VALENCIA, 0 ‘HUNTERDON 2 Bb MERGER 2 » MIDDLESEX 2 2 Sua of NEW YORK MONMOUTH 2 8s MORRIS 2 75 ALBANY 70 OCEAN 2 a ‘ALLEGANY 70 PASSAIC 2 80 BRONX 2 80 ‘SALEM 2 30 BROOME 10 SOMERSET 2 wo (CATTARAUGUS: 0 ‘SUSSEX 2 7 ‘CAYUGA. n ‘UNION, 2 80 (CHAUTAUQUA 1 1 ‘WARREN 2 70 (CHEMUNG 70 (CHENANGO 70 CLINTON 70 COLUMBIA no CORTLAND 70 ‘*For notes, see end of Section 16TINBIAS State of NEW YORK, State of NORTH CAROLINA BASIC WIND BASIC WIND ‘COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPE) couNTY NOTE? SPEED (MPR) DELAWARE 70 ALAMANCE 0 ‘DUTCHESS| 42 B ALEXANDER 70 ERIE 1 0 ALLEGHANY 1 0 ‘ESSEX % ANSON B FRANKLIN 70 ASHE i 70 FULTON 70 AVERY 3 0 GENESEE 70 BEAUFORT 2 109 GREENE, 12 70 BERTIE 2 90 EAMILION 7 BLADEN 2 90 ‘HERKIMER, 7 BRUNSWICK 2 100 JEFFERSON 2 BUNCOMBE, 1 70 KINGS 2 8 BURKE 0 TEWS 70 CABARRUS 70 LIVINGSTON 70 CALDWELL 70 MADISON 70 CAMDEN 2 109 ‘MONROE, 70 CARTERET 7 10 ‘MONTGOMERY 70 CASWELL, 70 ‘NASSAU 2 cS CATAWBA 70 NEW YORK 2 mi ‘CRATHAM a NIAGARA 1 70 (CHEROKEE 70 ONEDA 70 CHOWAN 2 95 ‘ONONDAGA. 7 cay 10 ONTARIO 0 ORANGE, ia ‘COLUMBUS 2 35 ‘ORLEANS ‘CRAVEN 2 100 OSWEGO CUMBERLAND 2 80 ‘OTSEGO (CORRITUCK 2 100 PUTNAM 2 6 DARE 2 0 ‘QUEENS 2 a5 DAVIDSON 0 RENSSELAER, 70 DAVIE 0 RICHMOND 2 85 DUPLIN 2 95 ROCKLAND 2 80 ‘DURHAM B SAINTLAWRENCE, 70 EDGECOMBE 2 80 SARATOGA. nm FORSYTE 0 SCHENECTADY 70 FRANKLIN 2 6 ‘SCHOHARIE, 70 GASTON 70 SCHUYLER. 70 GATES 2 90 SENECA 70 GRAHAM 1 70 STEUBEN 2 GRANVILLE, 2 ‘SUFFOLK 2 85 GREENE, 2 5 ‘SULLIVAN 2 70 ‘GUILFORD 70 TIOGA, 70 HALIFAX 2 80, TOMPKINS: 70 ‘HARNETT 6 ULSTER 12 2 ‘HAYWOOD : 1D WARREN 70 HENDERSON 0 WASHINGTON 70 ‘HERTFORD 2 a5 WAYNE. 2 HOKE 2 6 WESTCHESTER = 2 80 HYDE 2 uo ‘WYOMING 70 ‘IREDELL 2 ‘YATES 70 JACKSON 1 70TIARLA-202-F ‘Staw of NOTH DAKOTA BASIC WIND couNTY NOTE SPEED (MPR) ADAMS a0 BARNES 85 BENSON 80 BLLLINGS 80 BOTTINEAU 5 BOWMAN 20 BURKE 5 BURLEGE 80 CASS 5 CAVALIER B DICKEY 85 DIVIDE 5 DUNN B NASH 2 20 EDDY 80 NEWHANOVER = 2 105 EMMONS 80 NORTHAMPTON 2 80 FOSTER 80 ONSLOW 2 100 ‘GOLDEN VALLEY 80 ‘ORANGE, 70 ‘GRAND FORKS 85 PAMLICO 2 GRANT 5 PASQUOTANK = 2 GRIGGS 80 PENDER 2 HETTINGER 8 PERQUIMANS 2 KDDER 80 PERSON LAMOURE 80 Fay LOGAN 20 POLK MCHENRY % ‘RANDOLPH, MCINTOSH 80 RICHMOND MCKENZIE 80 ROBESON 2 MCLEAN 6 ROCKINGHAM MERCER 6 ROWAN MORTON 6 RUTHERFORD 0 MOUNTRATL % SAMPSON 2 B NELSON 0 ‘SCOTLAND 2 80 ‘OLIVER 5 STANLY 70 FEMBINA 0 STOKES 70 FIERCE 6 ‘SURRY 70 RAMSEY 20 ‘SWAIN L 0 ‘RANSOM 5 ‘TRANSYLVANIA 0 RENVILLE 5 TYRRELL 2 300 RICHLAND 2 UNION 70 ‘ROLETIE B VANCE 2 B SARGENT % WAKE, B ‘SHERIDAN 5 ‘WARREN 2 5 SIOUX 0 WASHINGTON 2 100 SLOPE 0 WATAUGA 1 70 STARK 0 ‘WAYNE 2 85 ‘STEELE 80 ‘WILKES 70 ‘STUTSMAN 80 WILSON 20 TOWNER ra ‘YADEIN 70 TRALL 85 ‘YANCEY 1 0 WALSH 0 *For notes, see end of Section 16TWEE Sue of NORTE DAKOTA state of OKO BASIC WIND BASIC WIND NOTEY SPEED (MPH) NOTE* SPEED (MPH) 15 1 ct 2 70 80 1 70 Sue of OHIO i % Pee 7 ADAMS 70 7 ALLEN 5 x ASHLAND 0 1 ASHTABULA 20 ATHENS 70 AUGLAIZE vit) BELMONT 70 MONROE BROWN 70 MONTGOMERY BUTLER 70 MORGAN CARROLL 70 MORROW (CHAMPAIGN 70 -MUSKINGTI GARK 20 NOBLE CLERMONT 70 OTTAWA , CLINTON 70 PAULDING COLUMBIANA 70 PERRY COSHOCTON 70 ‘PICKAWAY CRAWFORD 70 PIKE CUYAHOGA 1 0 ‘PORTAGE DARKE 10 PREBLE ‘DEFIANCE B ‘PUTNAM DELAWARE 7” ‘RICHLAND IRE 1 70 ROSS FAIRFIELD ai) ‘SANDUSKY Poe FAYETTE nm SCIOTO FRANKLIN 70 ‘SENECA FULTON, Ss ‘SHELBY GALLIA 70 STARK GEAUGA 1 7 ‘SUMMIT 1 (GREENE 7 ‘TRUMBULL GUERNSEY 70 ‘TUSCARAWAS HAMILTON 7 ‘UNION ANCOCK 7s ‘VAN WERT HARDIN 70 VINTON, EARRISON 0 WARREN HENRY 6 ‘WASHINGTON HIGHLAND 70 ‘WAYNE. HOCKING 70 ‘WILLIAMS: HOLMES: 70 ‘wOoOD 1 HURON 1 70 ‘WYANDOT JACKSON 70 SERFERSON 7 ENOK 70 *For notes, see end of Section 16 Seen tee Eorwweme rent ag pone oe ss ScorerTAEIA-222-F Seecee merce ‘State of OKLAHOMA, ‘Suwie of OKLAHOMA BASIC WIND BASIC WIND COUNTY NOTE! SPEED(PE) =, COUNTY SPEED (MPH) ADA 70 MURRAY 0 ALFALFA 30 MUSKOGEE 0 ‘ATOKA 70 NOBLE 5 ‘BEAVER. 5 NOWATA 0 BECKHAM 80 OKFUSKEE 0 BLAINE 80 OKLAHOMA B BRYAN 70 OXMULGEE 70 ‘CADDO 80 5 CANADIAN, 30 in (CARTER 70 8 (CHEROKEE 70 B ‘CHOCTAW 70 70 ‘CIMARRON 85 0 CLEVELAND B 2 ‘COAL 70 0 COMANCHE 80 ROGER MILLS 80 ‘COTTON 80 ROGERS 0 CRAIG 70 SEMINOLE 70 cam n 0 CUSTER 80 ‘STEPHENS a DELAWARE 70 TEXAS 8 DEWEY 50 TOLLMAK £0 ELUS 80 TULSA 70 GARFIELD 0 WAGONER 70 GARVIN 70 WASHINGTON 0 GRADY 5 WASHITA 80 GRANT 30 WOODS 80 GREER 20 WOODWARD 80 ‘HARMON o HARPER, 80 HASKELL 0 ‘HUGHES 0 JACKSON 30 ‘State of OREGON TEREERSON 5 a JOHNSTON n BAKER 0 KAY B BENTON 80 ‘KINGFISHER, 30 CLACKAMAS, 20 KIOWA. 80 CLATSOP: 1 % LATIMER, 0 COLUMBIA, i 80 LERLORE 0 coos 1 #0 LINCOLN B CROOK 1 70 LOGAN B ‘CURRY 1 8 ‘LOVE 70 ‘DESCHUTES cy MAJOR 80 DOUGLAS. 80 MARSHALL, 70 GILL 1 0 MAYES: 70 GRANT 70 MCCLAIN 5 HARNEY 70 ‘MOCURTAIN 70 HOOD RIVER 1 0 MCINTOSH A JACKSON 80 TEFFERSON 1 70 *For notes, see end of Section 16 JOSEPHINE 80Suis of OREGON State of PENNSYLVANIA BASIC WIND BASIC WIND county NOTE* SPEED GAPE) coUNTY NOTE! SPEED (PE) KLAMATH 1 % 0 LAKE 70 2 70 LANE 1 0 0 LINCOLN I 0 70 LINN 0 0 MALBEUR ci 70 MARION 80 10 MORROW 1 70 70 MULTNOMAR 1 so 0 POLK 80 2 0 SHERMAN 1 0 70 THLLAMOOK 1 % 2 70 UMATILLA 70 2 70 UNION 7” 70 WALLOWA 0 70 WASCO 1 70 70 WASHINGTON 0 70 WHEELER 0 0 YAMEILL 36 | 2 7 2 % 70 ‘Ste of PENNSYLVANIA 2 2 0 ADAMS 2 0 2 0 ‘ALLEGHENY 70 2 B ‘ARMSTRONG 0 2 70 BEAVER 0 70 BEDFORD 70 2 70 ‘BERKS 2 70 70 BLAIR 70 70 BRADFORD 70 70 BUCKS 2 5 0 BUTLER 0 70 CAMBRIA 7 0 ‘CAMERON 70 0 CARBON 2 cy 0 CENTRE 70 0 CHESTER 2 5 2 70 CLARION 0 » CLEARFIELD 0 cr CLINTON 70 2 ” ‘COLUMBIA 70 CRAWFORD 1 70 CUMBERLAND 2 0 ‘DAUPHIN 2 0 DELAWARE 2 5 BRISTOL 2 90 FL 0 KENT 2 0 FRE, 1 70 NEWPORT 2 90 ‘PROVIDENCE 2 % ‘WASHINGTON 2 90tif TIABIA222-F ‘State of SOUTH CAROLINA BASICWIND EASELS NOTE® SPEED (NPE) ABBEVILLE 5 AIKEN, 30 ALLENDALE 2 80 ANDERSON, 3 ‘BAMBERG 2 80 BARNWELL 2 80 ‘BEAUFORT, 2 100 BERKELEY 2 100 CALHOUN 2 80 CHARLESTON = 2 105 (CHEROKEE 70 CHESTER, B CHESTERFIELD = 2 6 CLARENDON 2 5 COLLETON 2 95 DARLINGTON = 2 80 DILLON 2 80 DORCHESTER 2 95 EDGEFIELD 6 FAIRFIELD 5 FLORENCE 2 80 GEORGETOWN 2 100 GREENVILLE 70 GREENWOOD 8 HAMPTON 2 90 HORRY 2 100 JASPER 2 95 KERSHAW 5 ‘LANCASTER, 5 ‘LAURENS: 5 LEE 2 80 LEXINGTON 15 ‘MARION 2 cS ‘MARLBORO 2 80 ‘MCCORMICK 5 ‘NEWBERRY 6 OCONEE oh ORANGEBURG = 2 80 PICKENS 70 RICHLAND B SALUDA B ‘SPARTANBURG 70 SUMTER 2 80 UNION B ‘WILLIAMSBURG 0 ‘YORK 70 *For notes, see end of Section 16 =r ‘CODINGTON CORSON CUSTER DAVISON DAY DEUEL DEWEY DOUGLAS EDMUNDS FALLRIVER FAULK GRANT. GREGORY HAAKON HAMLIN HAND. ANSON HARDING ‘HUGHES: HUTCHINSON HYDE JACKSON JERAULD JONES KINGSBURY LAKE LAWRENCE. LINCOLN LYMAN ‘MARSHALL ‘MCCOOK ‘MCPHERSOY ‘MEADE, MELLETTE MINER MINNEHAHA ‘State of SOUTH DAKOTA BASICWIND NOTEY SPEED (MPH) as & 80 8s 90, RAESSSLSSRSRSSRSHRSSRASSRSESTIABIA222-F Stae of SOUTH DAKOTA ‘Ste of TENNESSEE BASIC WIND BASIC WIND counTy NOTE: SPEED QaPED county NOTR+ SPEED (PH) MOODY a5 GRAINGER 0 PENNINGTON 80 ‘GREENE i 7” PERKINS 80 | GRUNDY 2 POTTER cy ‘BANBLEN 3 ROBERTS 0 HAMILTON 70 SANBORN 5 HANCOCK, 70 ‘SHANNON £0 HARDEMAN 70 SPINK 85 HARDIN 7 STANLEY 50 ‘BAWKINS 7 SULLY 0 HAYWOOD 70 ToD 20 ‘HENDERSON 70 ‘TRIP 85 HENRY 7 TURNER 85 HICKMAN 7» UNION 85 HOUSTON 7” WALWORTH 80 HUMPHREYS 70 ‘YANKTON 85 JACKSON 2» ‘ZIEBACH 80 JEFFERSON 1 » | sonNson 1 70 KNOX 70 State of TENNESSEE LAKE, 70 LAUDERDALE 70 ANDERSON 70 LAWRENCE 70 BEDFORD 7” LEWIS 7 BENTON 70 LINCOLN 70 BLEDSOE 0 LouDON 70 BLOUNT 1 70 MACON 0 BRADLEY 0 MADISON 70 CAMPBELL 70 MARION 70 CANNON 70 ‘MARSHALL a ‘CARROLL 70 ‘MAURY 7” CARTER 1 70 MCMINN 0. CHEATHAM 70 ‘MCNAIRY 70 ‘CHESTER 70 MEIGS 0 CLAIBORNE 70 ‘MONROE 1 70 cay 70 MONTGOMERY 70 COCKE 1 70 MOORE 70 COFFEE 70 MORGAN 70 CROCKETT 0 BION 70 CUMBERLAND 70 OvERTON 70 DAVIDSON 70 PERRY 10 DECATUR 70 PICKETT 70 DEKALB 70 POLK 70 DICKSON 70 PUINAM 70 DYER 70 REEA 10 FAYETIL, 70 ROANE 70 FENTRESS 70 ‘ROBERTSON 70 FRANKLIN 70 RUTHERFORD 70 GIBSON 70 SCOTT 0 GILES 70 SEQUATCHIE 70 ‘*For notes, see end of Section 162 “AUSTIN 2 BROOKS 2 ‘*For notes, see end of Section 16 Satan State of TEXAS | counry NOTES ‘CALHOUN 2 ‘CALLAHAN (CAMERON. 2 BASIC WIND SPEED (MPF) BAsSSSSASRSSASSSSSSSRASASTIAEIA-222-F BSSSSSSSSSSSRSSSSRSBSSUSSSARS Ssares RHE BE State of TEXAS BASIC WIND COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPH) JONES. 0 KARNES 2 80 KAUFMAN 70 KENDALL, 70 KENEDY 2 55 KENT 0 KERR 0 KIMBLE B KING 0 HINNEY 6 KLEBERG 2 0 KNOX 0 LASALLE B LAMAR 0 LAMPASAS 70 LAVACA 2 5 LEE 0 LEON 0 LIBERTY 2 » LIMESTONE 0 LIPSCOMB 80 LIVEOAK 2 30 LLANO 70 LOVING, 6 LUBBOCK 0 ‘LYNN 9 ‘MADISON 0 ‘MARION 0 ‘MAREIN 0 MASON 70 MATAGORDA 2 5 ‘MAVERICK B MCCULLOCH 5 MCLENNAN 0 ‘MCMULLEN 2 80 MEDINA B ‘MENARD 5 MIDLAND 0 MILAM 0 MILLS 0 MITCHELL 80 MONTAGUE 70 MONTGOMERY 2 as MOORE 85 MORRIS 0 MOTLEY 80 NACOGDOCHES 70 NAVARRO 0 NEWTON 2 3sAIAELA-222-F Sta of TEXAS Sate of TEXAS BASIC WIND BASIC WIND COUNTY NOTE? SPEED (MPH) COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MPH) NOLAN ® TOM GREEN 8 NUECES 2 95 TRAVIS 70 OCHILTREE co TRINITY 2 70 OLDHAM s TvER 2 © ORANGE 2 95 ‘UPSHUR 70 PALO PINTO nD UPTON 80 PANOLA n UVALDE 5 PARKER 7 VAL VERDE 3 FARMER 80 ‘VAN ZANDT 70 PECOS eed ‘VICTORIA 2 ci) POLK 2 80 WALKER 2 1S POTTER 85 WALLER 2 & PRESIDIO Ss WARD 8 RAINS: 70 WASHINGTON 2 Bn RANDALL as WEB, % REAGAN 80 WHARTON 2 % REAL 1s ‘WHEELER 80 RED RIVER 70 ‘WICHITA, 80 ‘REEVES 1S WILEARGER 80 REFUGIO. 2 9 ‘WILLACY 2 5 ROBERTS » WILLIAMSON 2 ROBERTSON: vn ‘WILSON 2 6 ROCKWALL 70 WINKLER 80, RUNNELS is WISE 70 ‘RUSK 70 ‘WOOD: 7 ‘SABINE Ss ‘YOAKUM 80 SAN AUGUSTINE B YOUNG Bb ‘SAN JACINTO: 2 80 ‘ZAPATA 1s ‘SAN PATRICIO 2 90 ZAVALA, aPd SANSABA 70 ‘SCHLEICHER B ‘SCURRY 80 ‘State of UTAH ‘SHACKELFORD 80 ‘SHELBY nw BEAVER ri ‘SHERMAN cc BOXELDER nD ‘SMITH wn (CACHE 7 ‘SOMERVELL wn (CARBON Bete 70 ‘STARR 2 80 DAGGETT ary ‘STEPHENS S DAVIS cm STERLING 80 DUCHESNE 70 STONEWALL 80 EMERY 10 ‘SUTTON Ss GARFIELD nn ‘SWISHER 85 GRAND 70 ‘TARRANT Ww IRON 5 TAYLOR, 8 JUAB » ‘TERRELL Ss KANE. 70 TERRY 80 MILLARD 7” ‘THROCKMORTON, co ‘MORGAN 70 ‘Tus nw PIUTE 70 SS ene erence es cteaeneenTINELA202-F State of UTAH ‘State of VIRGINIA, BASICWIND BASIC WIND country NOTE* SPEED (MPR) COUNTY. NOTE* SPEED (MPH) RICH B BUCKINGHAM 10 SALT LAKE 70 ‘CAMPBELL 70 SAN JUAN 70 CAROLINE 2 6 SANPETE 0 ‘CARROLL + 0 SEVIER, 70 CHARLES cITy 2 80 SUMMIT 0 CHARLOTIE 0 TOOELE, 70 (CHESTERFIELD 2 B UINTAH B CLARKE 2 70 UTAH 7” CRAIG L ory WASATCH 70 (CULPEPER, 2 10 WASBINGTON B CUMBERLAND 2 cy ‘WAYNE 0 DICKENSON 70 WEBER 70 DINWIDDIE 2 B ESSEX 2 30 FAIRFAX 2 0 ‘Sue of VERMONT FAUQUER 2 70 FLOYD 1 10 ADDISON. 70 ‘FLUVANNA 2 70 BENNINGTON = 1 0 FRANKLIN no ‘CALEDONIA 1 0 FREDERICK, 2 0 CHITTENDEN 70 GILES 1 0 ESSEX 1 70 ‘GLOUCESTER 2 80 FRANKLIN 0 (GOOCHLAND. 2 0 GRAND ISLE 0 ‘GRAYSON 1 70 LAMOMLE. 0 ‘GREENE, 2 0 ‘ORANGE 1 0 GREENSVILE 2 80 ORLEANS 0 HALIFAX 0 ‘RUTLAND 1 7 ‘HANOVER, 2 6 ‘WASHINGTON 0 HENRICO 2 B WINDHAM 12 7” ‘HENRY 2 WINDSOR 12 2 ‘HIGHLAND 0 ISLEOF WIGHT al 5 JAMES CITY a 0 State of VIRGINIA KINGANDQUEEN 2 0 ‘KING GEORGE, I B -ACCOMACK 2 cy KING WILLIAM 2 B ALBEMARLE, 70 LANCASTER, 2 0 ‘ALLEGHANY 1 0 iE cr ‘AMELIA, 2 0 LOUDOUN 2 0 ‘AMBERST 70 LoUBA 2 20 ‘APPOMATTOX 0 ‘LUNENBURG 0 ‘ARLINGTON 2 70 MADISON 2 70 ‘AUGUSTA, 70 ‘MATHEWS 2 85 BATH 70 ‘MECKLENBURG 0 ‘BEDFORD 0 MIDDLESEX 2 8 BLAND. 1 0 MONTGOMERY 1 70 ‘BOTETOURT 70 NELSON 0 BRUNSWICK 2 6 ‘NEW KENT 2 80 BUCHANAN 70 NORTHAMPTON 2 95 ‘sFor notes, see end af Section 16TAVEIA-222-F ‘Sua of VIRGINUA Sate of WASHINGTON BASIC WIND BASIC WIND COUNTY NOTE* SPEED (MP=) county NOTE* SPEED (MPH) NORTHUMBERLAND 2 80 ISLAND 1 0 NOTTOWAY 2 70 JEFFERSON i 100 ORANGE 70 XING 1 0 PAGE 0 KITSAP 1 5 PATRICE 2» XITTITAS n PITTSYLVANIA 70 ‘KLICKITAT 0 POWHATAN 2 70 LEWIS 1 0 ‘PRINCEEDWARD 0 LINCOLN 0 PRINCE GEORGE 2 0 ‘MASON 1 & FRINGE WELIAM 2 70 OKANOGAN rc PULASKI 1 10 PACIFIC 1 100 RAFPAHANNOCK 2 0 PEND OREILLE 70 ‘RICHMOND 2 80 PIERCE 1 30 ROANOKE 0 SANJUAN 1 80 ROCKBEIDGE 7” SKAGIT 1 70 ROCKINGHAM 70 ‘SKAMANIA 1 70 ‘RUSSELL 0 ‘SNOHOMISE 1 5 SCOTT 0 ‘SPOKANE 70 ‘SHENANDOAH 0 STEVENS 0 SMYTS 0 ‘THURSTON 1 80 SOUTHAMPTON 2 80 WAHKIAKUM 1 100 SPOTSYLVANIA 2 70 WALLA WALLA 0 STAFFORD 2 2 WHATCOM 1 70 SURRY 2 20 ‘WHITMAN 70 SUSSEX 2 50 ‘YAKIMA 7” TAZEWELL 70 WARREN 2 0 WASHINGTON 2D State of WEST VIRGINIA WESTMORELAND 2 B WISE, 0 BARBOUR w ‘WYTHE 1 2D BERKELEY 2 0 ‘YORK 2 5 BOONE wv ‘BRAXTON n ‘BROOKE ” ‘State of WASHINGTON ‘CABELL ” CALHOUN 0 ADAMS 2 quay n ASOTIN 70 DODDRIDGE 2 BENTON 7” FAYETTE n ‘CHELAN 70 GILMER 0 CLALLAM, 1 100 GRANT w CLARK 1 B (GREENBRIER 0 COLUMBIA D HAMPSHIRE ” COWLITZ 1 90 HANCOCK 0 DOUGLAS 0 HARDY 0 FERRY 0 ‘HARRISON nD FRANKLIN 0 JACKSON 0 GARFIELD 70 JEFFERSON 2 70 GRANT 0 GRAYS HARBOR 1 200 STS Sic conaee ones SweetenerTINEA 22F ‘State of WEST VIRGINIA, ‘tase of WISCONSIN BASIC WIND COUNTY ‘SPEED (MPH) COUNTY NOTES KANAWHA. 70 CHIFFEWA, LEWIS 70 CLARK LINCOLN 70 ‘COLUMBIA LOGAN 70 CRAWFORD MARION: 70 DANE ‘MARSHALL 70 DODGE ‘MASON 70 DOOR 1 MCDOWELL 0 DOUGLAS 1 MERCER 10 DUNN MINERAL, 70 ‘EAU CLAIRE ‘MINGO ci FLORENCE ‘MONONGALIA 70 FOND DULAC 1 MONROE 1 70 FOREST ‘MORGAN: 70 GRANT ‘NICHOLAS 70 GREEN ‘810 70 GREEN LAKE PENDELTON 70 TOwA PLEASANTS 0 TRON 1 POCAHONTAS 70 JACKSON PRESTON 70 JEFFERSON PUTNAM 0 JUNEAU RALEIGH 70 KENOSHA, 1 RANDOLPH 70 KEWAUNEE 1 RITCHIE, 70 LACROSSE ‘ROANE 70 LAFAYETTE: SUMMERS 1 7 LANGLADE ‘TAYLOR, 70 LINCOLN TUCKER 7 MANITOWOC: 1 TYLER 7 MARATHON ‘UPSEUR n ‘MARINETTE WAYNE n ‘MARQUETTE WEBSTER 7 ‘MENOMINEE, WEITZEL 7 ‘MILWAUBEE, 1 WET 0 ‘MONROE. woop 70 ‘OcoNTO WYOMING 70 ‘ONEIDA ‘OUTAGAMIE OZAUKEE 1 State af WISCONSIN PEPIN PIERCE ADAMS 90 POLE ‘ASHLAND 1 6 PORTAGE BARRON 80 PRICE BAYFIELD 1 15 RACINE 1 BROWN: 1 0 RICHLAND ‘BUFFALO 20 ROCK ‘BURNEIT B RUSK ‘CALUMET 90 SAINT CROIX Sie rem eee es Soikiewee SSSRSSSRASSSSSASSSASARASKHSRSRARSSREASSIARRAGTIAEIA222-F ‘State of WISCONSIN ‘Suase of WYOMING BASIC WIND ‘BASIC WIND counry NOTE* SPEED (MPH) COUNTY NOTE* SPEED Q4PE) SAUK 85 ALBANY 90 SAWYER 5 BIGHORN 1 s ‘SHAWANO. 90 CAMPBELL co ‘SHEBOYGAN 1 85 CARBON Fo TAYLOR 80 CONVERSE 0 ‘TREMPEALEAU 80 CROOK 80 ‘VERNON 5 FREMONT 1 85 VILAS 80 GOSHEN 85 WALWORTH 30 HOT SPRINGS 85 WASEBURN 5 JOHNSON 1 90 WASHINGION =i 80 LARAMIE 85 WAUKESHA 1 30 LINCOLN 5 ‘WAUPACA 90 NATRONA 90 WAUSHARA 90 NIOBRARA 5 WINNEBAGO 0 PARK, 1 0 wood 90 PLATTE 90 ‘SHERIDAN 4 85 ‘SUBLETTE, 1 80 ‘SWEETWATER 80 TETON 1 6 UINTA 6 \WASHAKIE, 1 85 WESTON 80 References: L ‘ASCH, “Minimum Design Lose for Builing and Other Structures" ASCE 7-88, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, 1988. 2, MBMA, “Low Rise Building Systems Manual”, Metal Building Manufacturers Association, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, 1986. 3. UBC, “Unita Building Code" Itrmationa Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA Notes: 1, Site may be within a special wind region indicated on ASCE 7-88 wind map.Check with local authorities before specifying basic wind speed. 2. County is within 100 miles from hurricane oceenline. Tabulated values of basic wind speed bave been adjusted in accordance with ASCE 7-88 to obtein 50-year recurrence intervals. For locations not designated as a county, use basic wind speed for the closest county to the site. 4, The wind speeds listed in Section 16 are fastcst-mile wind speeds. 3-second gust speeds such at those contained in ASCE 7-95, and wind speeds averaged over other time periods, must be converted to fastest-mile wind speeds for use with this standard. (Refer to Annex A, Section 233). » SeecscTABLA 222.7 ANNEX A: PURCHASER CHECKLIST EIA/TIA-222 standards are intended to set minimum criteria for the design, fabrication and construction of antenna supporting structures. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to provide site-specific data and requirements differing from those contained in these standards. The: following checklist is intended to alert the purchaser to the most common arces where specific data may be required. Reference Sectioa Purchaser Checklist 2.1.3 A. Itis the responsibility of the purchaser to verify that the wind loads and design criteria specified meer the requirements of the local building code. If other loading criteris sre required, they shall be provided to the designer. B. This standard is based on an allowable stress design (ASD) method. Therefore, the use of terms with an ambiguity in mesning end intent such as survival, shall withstand, etc. is not appropriate, C. Dividing the calculated wind pressure by a factor is considered inconsistent with this» standard, See 2.1.3.1 for the proper definition of basic wind speed. 23.1.2 A. Itis the responsibility of the purchaser to specify appropriate ice loads for locations where ice accumulation is known to occur. B, Thestandard does not specify ice-loading requirements since ice accumulation may vary substantially within a given geographical ares. C. Itisrecommended thet # minimum 1/2 in. [12.7 mm] of solid radial ive be specified for locations where ice accumulation is known to occur. 2.33. A. Forbidding purposes itis recommended that the purchaser specify the basic wind speed ¥) to obtain designs based on identical criteria. Wind speeds specified for use with the standard shall be fastest-mile wind speeds at 33 ft [10 mJ above ground level. 'B. The basic wind speed from Section 16, the equations for the exposure coefficient (Kz), ‘and the gust response factor (Gx) are based on wind conditions in open, level country, and grasslands. C. The equations specified for Kz, and Gyr result in conservative design wind loads fer urban and wooded areas. D. Itis the responsibility of the purchaser to specify basic wind speeds and appropriate ‘equations for Kz and Gy in hurricane, mountainous, and coastal areas, in the specisl wind regions indicated in Section 16 and where local conditions reqaire special consideration. Zi E, The purchaser shall identify the elevation of the basc ebove average ground level when the structure will be placed on enother structure or on a hill or escarpment. F, The purchaser shall identify the relative elevations of the guy anchors with respect to the structure base and shell identify the maximum and minimum permissible guy radii. G. The basic wind speeds provided in Section 16 correspond to an annual probability of 0.02 (S0-yesr recurrence interval), If the purchaser requires another probability, the basic wind speed shall be provided to the designer. eS EE ee oaTIAEIA222-F 2.3.16 A. Due to the low probability ther an extreme ice load will occur simultaneously with an extreme wind load, wind load has been reduced 25 percent when considered to occur simultaneously with ice (equivalent to 87 percent of the basic wind speed). B. For basic wind speeds based on a 50-year recurrence interval (.02 annual probability), the reduced wind load epproximately corresponds to a 5-year recurrence interval. C. Itis the responsibility of the purcheser to specify other critical wind and ice loading combinations for locations where more severe conditions are knéwn to occur. 5.1.1 A. Galvanizing is the preferred method of providing corrosion control. Alternate methods of corrosion conizol, such as epoxy paint, chlorinated latex paint, plating, elecirogalvanizing, etc., may be used only when specified by the purchaser. B, The purchaser shall specify the requirements of additional corrosion control systems ‘when required. (Refer to Annex J for corrosion control options for guy anchors in direct contact with soil.) 7.22 A. When standard foundations end anchors are utilized for a finsl design, it is the purchaser's responsibility to verify by geotechnical investigation that actual site soil parameters equal arexceed normal soil parameters. If the purchaser elects to accept the normal soil foundation far construction, he accepts the responsibility and liability for the adequacy of the subsurface soil conditions. B. Itis the responsibility of the purchaser to verify that the depths of standard foundations fare adequate based on the frost penetration and/or the zone of seasonal moisture variation, 7.23.2. A. The geotechnical engineer shall be informed of the provisions of this section. 11.2 A. The purchaser shall specify the operational requirements when the minimum standard does not apply. 122 A. The purchaser shall specify other grounding requirements for conditions where the minimum standard will not be adequate. 13.2.1 A. The purchaser shall specify requirements for climbing and working facilities, hand or guardrails, and climbing safety devices. 16 A. The purchaser is advited that the besic wind speeds listed in Section 16 are minimum values, Specific sites may have local extreme wind conditions that are more severe than ‘the listed values. Topographical characteristics such as smooth terrain, bluffs, ducting, ‘mountain top exposure, end prevailing wind directions can significantly increase wind The purchaser is advised to consult local information sources such as the National Weather Service (NWS), local weather agencies, owners of existing towers et the same or nearby sites, local landowners, and consulting meteorologists. SE eet poetTIAEIA-222-F ANNEX B: DESIGN WIND LOAD ON TYPICAL MICROWAVE ° ANTENNAS/REFLECTORS ‘This Annex contains data for calculating the design wind load on typical microwave anteanss/ reflectors. (Note: Wind-loading values have been compiled from a wide variety of sources. Some data ar ‘based on wind mnne! tests, and some are based on theoretical calculations. Precise antenna geametry may vary between manufacturers, who should be consulted for data concerning their products.) Wind force date presented in this annex for parabolic antennas (including grid antennas) are described in the antenna axis system having the origin at the vertex of the reflector. The axial force. (Fa) acts along the axis of the antenna. The side force (Fs) acts perpendicular to the antenna axis in | the plane of the antenna axis and the wind vector. The twisting moment (M) acts in the plane containing Fa and Fs.. (See Figures B1, B2, and B3.) ‘For horn antennas, the origin is at the intersection of the vertical antenna axis with a plane tangent to | the bottom of the boresight cylinder. The axial force Fa acts parallel to the entenna boresight exis. « - ‘The side force (Fs) acts perpendicular to Fa in the plane of Fa and the wind vector. The twisting moment M acts in the plane containing F, and Fs. (See Figure B4.) For flat plate passive reflectors, the origin is at the centroid of the plate area. The axial force Fa acts along the normal to the plate. The side force (Fs) acts perpendicular to F in the plane of Fa and the wind vector. The twisting moment M acts in the plane containing Fa and Fs. (See Figure BS.) Tn all cases, the magnitudes of Fa, Fs, and M depend on the dynamic pressure of the wind, the projected frontal area of the antenna, and the serodynamic characteristics of the antenna body. The serodynamic characteristics vary with wind angle. The values of Fa, Fs, and M shall be calculated from the following equations: Fa= Ca AKzGaV2(b) Fs=Cs AKzGuV2(b) M=Cy AD KzGu V7(ftlb) ‘Where:Ca,, Cg, and Cy are the coefficients contained in Tables B 1 through B6 asa function of wind angle @. Gu = Gustresponse factor from 23.4 A = Outside aperture area (6q ft) of parabolic reflector, grid, or horn antenna = Plate area (oq ft) of passive reflector D = Outside diameter (f1) of paraboloid reflector, grid, or horn antenna = Width or leagth (A) of passive reflector (see Figure BS) v = Basic wind speed (mph) from 2.33 Kz = _ Exposure coefficient from 2.3.3 with 2 equal to the height of the origin ofthe axis system e = Wind angle (deg); see Figures B1 through BS for positive sign conventions (Note: The coefficients described in Tables B1 through BG are pretented in the customary system of units, When SI units are desired, the results of the above equations may be converted using the conversion factors provided in Annex G.) Seengeen SSE ee SemenTIABIA222-F ‘Table BI. Wind Force Coefficients for Typical Paraboloid Without Radome ‘WIND ANGLE, @ (DEG) 0 10 20 30 20. 310 320 330 350 fa oeWIND ANGLE © (DEG) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 ‘Table B2. Wind Force Coofficients for Typical Paraboloid With Radome La 00221 00220 00210 00195 00170 00140 00107TINEIA222-F ‘Table B3.Wind Force Coefficients for Typical Paraboloid With Cylindrical Shroud ‘WIND ANGLE, @ (EG) La os 0 00323 00000 10 00025 2 90045 30 00060 40 00072 30 00078 co 00094 70 00122 80 00149 90 90160 100 00154 10 00136 : 120 00112 330 00080 340 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 200 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 gor72 300 90242 310 00278 320 0296 330 90310 340 00320 350 00323 if i hTINEA 222 ‘Table B4. Wind Force Coefficients for Typical Grid Antenna Without loc WIND ANGLE © DEG) La cs ou 900000 000043, 000074 000098 900115 000127 000135, 000142 000126 0 00137 10 00134 20 00130 30 00118 49 00104 50 00088 00111 000120 000129 000131 000127 000114 110 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 270 00013 280 00010 290 00033 300 90060 310 90088 320 00104 330 00118 340 00130 350 00134 Note: In the abscoce of more scourste data for a grid antenna with lor, use wind force coefficients for typical paraboloid without radome from Table BI. esaTINEIA222-5 ‘Table BS, Wind Force Coefficients for Typical Conical Horn Reflector Antenna WIND ANGLE OE) La 0 00338 10 00355, 20 00354 30 00345 40 90335 ‘50 00299 60 00235 mesa cei tattoe‘Table B6.Wind Force Coefficients for Typical Passive Reflector WIND ANGLE. 8 (DEG) 0 10 20 30 40 50 6 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 310 320 330 350 oa 00351 00348, 00341 00329 00309 00300 00282 00178 00010 000210 000148 000126 000109 TIABIA22FTIWEIA222-F ‘Top View Positive Sign Convention Figure B1, Wind Forces on Peraboloids and Grids Wind Angle Fs ‘Top View Positive Sign Convention Figure B2, Wind Forces on Paraboloids With RadomesTWELA222-F ‘Top View Positive Sign Convention Figure B3. Wind Forces on Paraboloids With Cylindrical Shrouds Side Elev. Top View of a Fa wind Angle Fs ae Figure B4, Wind Forces on Conical Horn Reflector Antennas Sen CBee rasioue orongema, oMscne Tol aD faeryTIAEIA22-F Fa M Fs ° ‘Wind D ( (SIDE VIEW) = Vertical Plate Angle D=Lengih of Reflector (Gorizontel Wind Angle = 0 or 180 Deg Only) | (®) PLATE TILTED i Figure BS, Wind Forces on Flat Plate Pessive Reflectors atest fimo comer owen TE STeeratinme ton StmessanrcaANNEX C: TABLE OF ALLOWABLE TWIST AND SWAY VALUES FOR PARABOLIC ANTENNAS, PASSIVE REFLECTORS, AND PERISCOPE SYSTEM REFLECTORSNotes: 1. If values for columas “A” and "B” are not available from the manufacturer (s) of the antenna system or from the user of the antenna systesn then values shall be obtained from Figure C1, C2, or C3, 2. Limits of beam movement for twist or sway (seated separately in most anelyses) will be the sum of the appropriate figures in columas C & D, G & H, and G& I. columns G, H & I epply to vertical periscope configuration. nis not intended that the values in this table imply en accuracy of beam width determination or structural rigidity calculation beyond known practicable values and computational procedures. For most microwave structures it is not practical to require a calculated structural rigidity of less than 1/4 degree twist ar sway with 2 50 mifh 22.4 m/s) Basie Wind Speed 4. For passive reflectors the allowable twist and sway values are assumed to include the effects of ‘all members contributing to the rotation of the face under wind load. For passives not elevated fer ebove ground (epproximately 5 to 20 feet (1.5 to 6 m) clearance ebove ground) the structure and reflecting face supporting elements are considered an integral unit, Therefore, separating the structure portion of the deflection is only meaningful when passives are mounted on conventional microwave structures. ‘The allowable swey for passive ws is considered to be 1.4 times the allowable twist « eccount for the amaunt of rotation of the face about s horizontal axis through te face center enc parallel to the face compared to the amount of beam rotation along the direction of the peth us it deviates from the plane of the incident and reflected beam axis. Linear horizontal movement of antennas and reflectors in the amount experienced for properly designed microwave antenna system support structures is not considered a problem (n0 significant signal degradation attributed to this movement). 7. For systems using a frequency of 450 MHz, the half power beam widths may be nearly 2 @ degrees for some antennas. However, structures designed for microwave relay systems will usually have an inherent rigidity less than the maximum 5 degree deflection angle shown on the chart 2 ‘The 3 dB beam widths, 2 © HP in column "A" ere shown for convenient reference to manufacturers’ published antenna information. ‘The minimum deflection reference for this standard is the allowable total deflection angle © at the 10 dB points.TATIA2 ue 4 ae ae aoe 2 dow a 4s Le £ Flat foe efector ne ‘ ‘smination eet vniform amplitsde Plan or elevation of fia face sn phase Ms reflectors aL : Note: Far the rotation. fof he rector about lw eo wen its center, the deflecdon beam angle ©, may vary fram (oto 2a accordance with the antenna sysiem geomeny. RECLmgulas or square aperaire es HAW are the projected dlimeosions long tbe beam path NOMOGRAPH, DEFLECTION ANGLE, © AT 10 dB POINTS FOR RECTANGULAR APERTURE (FLAT FACE REFLECTOR) Figure CIAnteona system Frequency half power beam width tose Parabolic reflector 10¢B taper JO (. Erosion c. Site condition (standing water, drainage, trees, etc.) 2. Bese condition a. Nuts and lock nuts tight b. Grout condition 3. Concrete Condition & Cracking, spelling, or splitting b. Chipped or broken concrete c. Honeycombing, &. Low spots to collect moisture e. Anchor-bolt corrosion F, Tower Assembly Profile (See Figures El and E2) 1. Antennas and feedlines (each) a. Frequency b. Elevation ©. Type 4. Size fe. Manufacturer £. Connectors and hangers 2. Optional appurtenances (walkways, platforms, sensors, floodlights, etc.) a. Elevation b. Arrangement c. Drawings ot sketches 3. Foundation and anchors 8. Plan b. Elevations (relative or true) essa errors noncars oneTAA 222F c. Size 4. Depths ce. Soil type (if known or necessary) G. Tower Alignment (See Figures E3, E6, end E7) 1. Tower Plumb and Twist (See 6.1.2.1 and 6.1.2.2) H. Insulators (As Required) 1. Insulator Condition a, Cracking and chipping b. Cleanliness of insulators cc. Spark gaps set properly 6. Isolation transformer condition ¢. Bolts and connections secure £, Manofacturer type and part numbers for future replacements I, Guyed Towers A. Anchors 1. Settlement, movement or earth cracks 2. Backfill heaped over concrete for water shedding 3, Anchor rod condition below earth (Maintain required structural capacity of anchor “uring exploration, inspection and maintenance. Attachment to temporary anchorage may be required) : 4. Corrosion control measures (galvanizing, coatings, concrete encasement, cathodic protection systems, etc., refer to Annex J.) 5. Grounding (Paragraph I-D) 6. Anchor head clear of earth B. Tower Guys (see Figures B4 and E5) 1, Strand a. Type (Ix7 EHS, 1x19 bridge strand, etc) b. Size ¢. Breaking strength 4. Elevation . Condition (corrosion, breaks, nicks, kinks, etc.) 2. Guy HardwareTIAEIA22F ‘Tumbuckles (or equivalent) secure end safety properly applied Cable thimbles properly in place (if required) Service sleeves properly in place Gf required) ve d. Cable connectors (end fittings) i. Cable clamps applied properly and bolts tight ii, Preformed wraps - properly applied, fully wrapped, and sleeve in place ii, Wire serving properly applied iv, Strandvices secure . Poured sockets secure and showing no separation (Note: Connectors should show no signs of damaged cable or slippage.) e. Shackles, bolts, pins, and cotter pins secure and in good condition. 3. Guy Tensions a. Tension should be compared to design requirement. b. Tensions shonld be checked by acceptable methods (see Section IV and Figures ES, E9, and E10) c. Record tensions and weather conditions on attached charts (see Figures E4 and B5) Notes: 1) Variations in guy tensions are to be expected due to temperature and wind. These are minor variations. Should there be significant tension changes, the cause should be determined immediately and proper remedial action taken. Possible causes may be initial construction Joosening, extreme wind or ice, anchor movements, base settlement, or connection slippage. 2) ‘Tension variations et a single level are to be expected because of anchor elevation Caution: Do not check or adjust guy tensions during times of excessive winds. ‘IL Antennas and Feedlines A, Antenna Mounts and Antennas 1. Members (mounting and stabilizing) a. Bent, broken, or cracked b. Loose c. Missing d. Loose and/or missing bolts 2. Adjustments secure and locked4. 5. TIAEIA2F Blemeats ‘a. Bent, broken, cracked or bullet damaged b. Loose, cc. Missing 4d. Loose and/or missing fasteners Corrosion condition Radames and/or cover conditions B. Feed Lines (waveguide, coax, etc.) 1 Hangers and supports a. Condition b. Quality ¢, Corrosion condition . Flanges and seals (check: integricy ‘Line Condition e, Dens b. Abrasions c. Holes d. Leaks ¢. Jacket condition Grounds a. Top ground strap bonded both ends b. Bottom ground strap bonded both ends Feedline support (ice shields) a. Properly attached b. Loose and/or missing bolts c. Members straight and undamagedTIABIA222-F TOWER ELEVATION Show the following: — Tower Height above ground — Location of feed lines — Location of antennas — Location of platforms, ladders, etc. Figure EYPLOT PLAN Show the following: — Tower layout relative to Narth — Anchors and assign letter designation — Relative or true anchor and base elevations — Access roads and buildings — Power lines and poles 120° 5 90° Figure E2| mastacrr TOWER LEG VERTICAL ALIGNMENT 1. Check with transit. Two transit setups ere required. Line transit parallel to one face and center on leg. Second setup should be at 90° on same leg. Show on sketch below the locations used for transit setup. Indicate North. | Self- ‘Transit #2) ‘Transit #2 i Supporting Guy Level Tower Lays Tower Lays j Elevations Top to Bottom Left oO Right Left. oO Right Cantilever Structure 1000" geet eee eee tea EEE EEE eeSeeeeeee eee eee 900" 9 See ceed Sree eee eee 800° é —=—”—X — ee Stet 700" i eee cece eee eee eee eee ere 00 6 See eee eee eee 500° 5 PE eee reeset 400" 4 — — 300° 3 — — ——— — 200° 2 —_——— —— — 100" 1 et — Approximate wind speed during measurements __ mph Note: This procedure is not sufficient to determine bath twint end out of plumb. Sce Figures E6 and E7. | i Figure E33-WAY GUYED TOWER Guy | Guy | Initial |-No. Size. Tension Guy Leg a Fo aI v ot Guy Leg B Guy Leg A Guy Leg Guy Leg B Guy Leg C Figure 4TIN EIA222-F 4-WAY GUYED TOWER Guy Guy Guy Leg A Figure ESTIAL ‘TWIST AND OUT-OF-PLUMB DETERMINATION FOR SQUARE TOWERS j Se Nome Bate Wink Texan | FOUR TRANSIT SETUFS ARE REQUIRED, ONE ON EACH LEG AZIMUTH SIOBTING THE CORRESPONDING TOWER LEG AT THE RASH OF THE TOWER TO SET THE TRUE VERTICAL THE DEFLECTION AT ANY POINT ON THE TOWER SHOULD BE MEASURED FROM THIS TRUE VERTICAL, | LUSING THE SIGN CONVENTION BELOW. a= aresin (e) = (D2-D4)/2 Mast mv. | atom t oto} ota |e }apx iy lr ca ee | om | om | ome | me tm pect om. | mw | me \ Figure 6, Twist end Out-of-Plumb Determination for Square Towers‘TWIST AND OUT-OF-PLUMB DETERMINATION FOR TRIANGULAR TOWERS Sie Name: Dae Wad ___ Tepe THREE TRANSIT SETUPS ARE REQUIRED, ONE ON EAGH LEG AZIMUTH SIGHTING THE CORRESPONDING TOWER LEG AT THE BASE OF THE TOWER TO SET THE TRUE VERTICAL THE DEFLECTION AT ANY POINT ON THE TOWER SHOULD BE MEASURED FROM THIS TRUE VERTICAL, USING THE SIGN CONVENTION BELOW. (DI+D2+D3)13 e= GBA j (@xDI~D2-D3)! 3 r= lear tree cress secs oa Figure E7. Twist and Out-of-Plumb Determination for Triangular Towers‘Methods For Measuring Guy Initiel Tensions “There are two basic methods of measuring guy inital tensions in the field: the direct method and the t method. A. The Direct Method (see Figure E8) ‘A dynamometer (load cell) with # length adjustment device, such as « come-along. is attached to the guy eyscem by clamping onto the guy just above the rummbuclle and the anchor shaft below the turnbuckle, thus making the turnbuckle redundant, ‘The come-along is then tightened until the original turnbuckle begins to slacken. point the dynamometer carries all ofthe guy load to the anchor, and the guy tension may be read directly off the dynamometer dial. ‘One may use this method to set the correct tension by adjusting the come-along until the proper tension is read on the dynamometer. ‘Two control points ere marked, one above the clamping point on the guy end one on the enchor shafi, and the control length is measured. The dynamometer and come-slong are then removed, and the original fumbuckle is ediusted to maintain the control length previously measured. B, The Indirect Method (see Figures E8 and 59) “There are two common techniques for the indirect measurement of guy initial vensions. the pulse or swing method (vibration) (Figure 58) and the tangent intercept or s¢g method (geometry) (Figure E9). 1, The Pulse Method (see Figures E8 and B10) ‘One sharp jerk is applied to the guy cable near its connection to the anchor causing & pulse ar wave to travel up end down the cable. On the first return of the pulse to the lower end of the guy cable the stop watch is started. A number of returns of the pulse - to the anchor are then timed, and the guy tension is calculated from the following equations: - me Tw = Fe o Ty = @in which (see Figure E10) ‘Ta = Guy tension at enchor (1b) Guy tension at mid-gny (Jb) W =Total weight of guy, including insulators, etc. (Ib) L_ = Guy chord length (ft) L- re o V = Vertical distance from guy attachment on tower to guy attachment at anchor (ft) H = Horizontal distance from guy attachment on tower to guy attechment at anchor a NN = Number of pulses or swings counted in P seconds P = Period of time measured for N pulses or swings (s) Instead of creating a puise thet travels up and down the guy, one m: ‘same result by causing the guy cable to swing freely from side to side while timing N complete swings. The formulas given ebove will also spply for this approach 2. The Tangent Intercept Method (see Figure E9) ‘A line of sight is established which is tangential to the guy cable near the anchor end ‘and which intersects the tower leg 2 distance (tangent intercep:) telow the attachment point on the mast. This tangent intercept distance is either measured o: estimated and the tension is calculated from the following equation: we fie + (v - ay ho HI @ in which C =Distance from guy attachment on tower to the center of gravity of the weight W () I = The tangent intercept (ft) If the weight is uniformly distributed along the guy cable, C will be approximately ‘equal to H/2. If the weight is not uniformly distributed, the guy may be subdivided into n segments and the following equation may be used: sips vi) s HT Ts in which s = )we, ©TIED Wi = Weight of segment i (Ib) Cj = Distance from the guy attachment of the tower to the center of gravity of segment i Gt) If the intercept is difficult to establish, one may use the guy slope at the anchor end with the following equation: we fit me 1, = “i> Han a} a in which a= Guy angle at the anchor (see Figure E9) Note that 12 V = Hane ® and that fies (v - 1 z and that WC in equation (7) may be replaced with S, as was done in equation (5). seen "9,TIAEIA222- uomuay, renruy SuuNsH—pN 50 SpORA, “Ba OMT = we ee La a SQNOOdS d NI “ “SGNOOUS d NI SaIWLL N WOVE CNY SAWILLN AND AHL 4.01.8 WOU SONIMS AND NMO@ GNY di STSAVEL S10 GOHLAW DNIMS dOHLAW 3STNd RL WVAUA SLAIN) GaNaWOVISATINA == TTHONGNANL SNOTY-SIWOO SI aTDIOMENAAL NTH aVO1 “Vid SaTWAVD AALAWOWVNAG WALEWOWYNAG ANALHOIL SI 5NOTY-AWOD SV GOHLAW YALAIWOWVNAG | |Figure E9. Tengent Intercept Method fez |Figure £10. Relationship Between Guy Tension at Anchor and at Mid-Guy a Shaan i iTIAEIA222F ANNEX F: CRITERIA FOR THE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING STRUCTURES Periodic revisions to this standard are made by the Commitize based upon comments received from the industry. ‘The committee does not intend that existing structures be analyzed for cach revision of the standard; however, structural analysis of existing structures should be performed by qualified professional engineers using the latest edition of this standerd when: A a) Thereis a change in antennas, transmission lines, and/or appurtenances (quantity, size, location, ox type) b) There is 2 change in operational requirements (twist and sway) ©) There is a need to increase wind or ice loading To perform the anslysis, the following data is required: 8) Member sizes, dimensions, and connections b) Material properties c) Existing and proposed loading; antennas (size, elevation, and azinwuth), transmission lines, and appurtenances ‘Data may be obtained from the following sources: a) Previous stress and rigidity analysis (structure and foundation) b) Structural and detail drawings (design and as-built) ©) Specifications 4) Construction records ©) Field investigationTAEIA2 ANNEX G: SI CONVERSION FACTORS Conversions commonly required using ELA/TIA-222 for the International System of Units (S1] ‘To Convert From To ‘Multiply By inches (in) millimeters (mm) 25.40 feet 2) meters (mn) ona square feet (£2) ‘square meters (m?) 0.0929 cubic feet (f°) cubic meters (m3) 0.0283 pounds [force] (1b) newtons (WN) 4.4882 pounds per cubic feet kilonewtons per cubic meter [weight] (cf) Nin} i 0.1571 pounds per square foot bye?) pascals (Pa) * 4788 ips per square inch (ksi) megapascals (MPa) 6.8948 miles per hour (if) tors por second (rus) 9.4470TINEIAS ANNEX H: COMMENTARY ON ICE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR COMMUNICATION STRUCTURES 1 INTRODUCTION ‘The meteorological phenomenon of ice accumulation is very difficult-to predict with certainty, For tower and pole structures, ice accumulation can bs one of lus predontina applied loads. ‘The first askin developing ice design criteria is to determine if the proposed or existing site is susceptible toicing. If the site has « history of ice accumulation, the frequency, thickness, type and duration of icing rust be determined. Potential sources of this information include the National Weather Service (NWS), local weather egencies, owners of existing towers at the same site or nearby sites, local landowners, and consulting meteorologists. Judgment must be exercised to determine if reported icing evemis ere frequent or rare ‘occurrences. Likewise, in some geographical areas, seasonal high winds and icing occur simultaneously. For these situations, simultaneous application of maximum wind and ice Joadings may be required. ‘The effect of icing on a tower generally relates divecily 1o ibe type and size of tower and to the type and thickness of icing, For example, « 1/2-inch radial ice accumulation will have more impact on a short tower with small members than « tall tower with larger members ‘Very tall towers may experience large thicknesses of in-cloud icing over portions of ihe mast, Solid or clear glaze ice has a higher densiry than that of rime ice or hosrfrost. Consequently, the effects of increased dead weight from ice accumulation will vary depending on the type of ice. Large accumulations of radial ice can dramatically increese the projected wind area of tower members and antennas.2 TYPES OF ICING () 2) G) ‘There are several types of icing which can accumulate on communicstion structures. It is important to understand where and how they form. 2.1 Hoarfrost Hoarfrost is e fluffy or feathery deposit of interlocking ice crystals formed on ‘objects, usually those of smell diameter freely exposed to the air, such as wee branches, wires, etc. The deposition of hoarfrost is similar to the process by which dew is formed, except thet the temperature of the frosted object must be below freezing. Itforms when ais, with a dew point below freezing, is brought to saturation by cooling, Hoarfrost has densities less than 19 Ib/ft? [3 KN/m?} 22 Rime lee Rime ice is a white or milky granular deposit of ice formed by the rapid freezing of supercooled water drops es they impinge upon an exposed object. It is denser and harder than hoarfrost, but lighter, softer, and less transparent thar glaze, Rime is composed essentially of discrete ice granules and has densities ranging from 56 to 19 Ib/f? [9 to 3 kN/m?]. Rime is often described as soft or hard, Soft rime is que coating of fine rime deposited especially on points and edges of objects. It is usually formed in supercooled fog. On the windward side, soft rime may grow to very thick layers. long feathery cones, or needles pointing into the wind and having a structure similar to hoarfrost. Hoard rime is an opaque, granular mass of rime formed by a dense supercooled fog. Hard rime is compact and amorphous and may build out into the wind as glazed ‘cones or feathers. The icing of ships and shoreline structures by supercooled spray usually has the characteristics of hard rime, 23 Glazelce Glaze ice is a coating of ice, generelly clear and smooth, butusually containing some 1 air pockets, Itis formed on exposed objects by the freezing of a film of supercooled water, usually deposited by rain or drizzle. Glaze is denser, harder, and more transparent than either rime or hoarfrost. Its density may be as high as 56 lb/ft? {9 kNém3], () Atmospheric ing on Structures. Boyd & Williams. (2) Draft Guidelines for Transmission Line Structaral Loadings. ASCE. { @) Tabelman,P, and Gringert, LL, “Estimated Glaze le and Wind Loads atthe Earth's curtace for tno ‘Contiguous Usited Sites", Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Bedford. Massechuscus, 1973,TIVEIAZ2F 3. CONDITIONS OF ICE FORMATION ‘The type of ice formed is determined by combinations of air temperature, wind speed. drop size, and liquid water content or rainfall intensity. ‘The icing problem, therefore, can be classified either by the meteorological conditions thst produce the formation of ice or by the type of ice that is Formed, 3.1 Precipitation Icing ‘This is the most common icing mechanism end can occur in any area subject 10 freezing rain or drizzle. The ice is formed when warm, moist air is forced over & subsfreezing, denser layer of air at the ground surface. As the warm air rises and condenses, rain falls through the colder air and freezes on objects near the ground. This frozen deposit is aclear glaze type of ice. Since this kind of weather is caused by frontal activity, it usually doesn’t last more then a day or two. Because it is necessary for excess weler to be present for glaze to form on exposed surfaces, often the excess water may freeze into icicles or other distended shapes. In actual practice, glaze ice can be seen to form on cables end guys in a variety of shapes ranging from the classi¢al smooth cylindzical sheati, through crescents on the windward side and icicles hanging on the underside to Inrge irregular protuberances spaced along the cable. In most cases, glaze ice develops on structures as a fairly smooth layer on the windward surfaces with icicles forming below horizontal members. The shape of the glaze is apparently dependent on combination of factors, such as wind speed, variations in wind speed, whe angle the wind, the turbulence af the flow, variations in air temperature and duration of the storm. Since most of these factors vary from storm to storm, and even curing the storm, a cylindrical shape of equivalent weight is essumed for design purposes. 3.2 In-Cloud Icing ‘This type of icing condition is caused by the impingement of super-cooled water droplets of a cloud on the structure or cable. This is rime ice. It can occur in mountainous areas where clouds exist above the freezing level or in a super-cooled fog at lower elevations produced by a stable air mass with a strong temperature inversion. These conditions can last for days or weeks. ‘The total amount of in-cloud ice deposited is dependent on wind speed. Since wind speed increases with height above ground, lerger amounts of ice will occur towards the top of taller towers and oa the cables that support or are mounted on taller towers.ANNEX I: GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR TOWERS A soil investigetion by a geotechnicel engineering firm is recommended for each tower site (9 ‘Getermine its unique soil and physical characteristics, and to provide data to develop safe design parameters, economical foundation alternatives, and installation procedures. To ensure that the Teporr furnishes useful information to the foundation designer, the geotechnical fir should be provided with the following informatio: a. Aplot plan and sits location map with tower, equipment building and other site improvements located. b. Tower bese vertical reaction and shear and anchor vertical and horizontal reactions for guyed towers; or maximum compression and tension (uplift) reactions with shear for self-supporting towers. Any special conditions or requirements of the specifications, ‘The minimum depth of borings for guyed tower bases should be 15-20 ft; for guyed tower anchors 10-15 ft for self-supporting towers, boring depth will vary depending upon the type of foundation being considered. The magnitude of the structure reactions, ste and soil conditions may require altering the boring depth requirements. ‘The geotechnical report should provide the following information at minimum: 2. Boring logs. 1. Date, sarapling methods, and number and type of samples. 2. Description of the soil strata according to the Unified Soil Classification System. 3, Depths at which strata changes occur referenced to a site datum. 4, Standard Penetration Test blow counts. 5. Soil densities. 6. Elevation of free water encountered and its level after 24 hours, and recommended ground ‘water elevation to be considered for design. 7. Maximum and averege depth of frost penetration. b. Other soil characteristics or properties which may be required because of locel conditions. (Refer to Annex J for corrosion control options for guy anchors im direct comiact with s c. A description of alternative foundation methods with recommendations for ulimate values for passive pressure, bearing pressure and skin friction, the angle of internal friction and other applicable soil properties and appropriate safety factors.TINEIA-2224 ANNEX J: CORROSION CONTROL OPTIONS FOR GUY ANCHORS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH SOL. 1 INTRODUCTION Many guy anchors in direct contact with soil, designed in accordance with BIA/TIA Standards, have performed well without detrimental corrosion. However, depending on the required design Life of the structure and on site-specific conditions, corrosion contro! measures, in addition to hot~

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