Early on, business computers were mostly used for relatively simple
operations such as tracking sales or payroll data, often without much
detail. Over time these applications became more complex and began to
store increasing amounts of information while also interlinking with
previously separate information systems. As more and more data was
stored and linked man began to analyze this information into further
detail, creating entire management reports from the raw, stored data. The
term "MIS" arose to describe these kinds of applications, which were
developed to provide managers with information about sales,
inventories, and other data that would help in managing the enterprise.
Today, the term is used broadly in a number of contexts and includes
(but is not limited to): decision support systems, resource and people
management applications, ERP, SCM, CRM, project management and
database retrieval application.
The terms MIS and information system are often confused. Information
systems include systems that are not intended for decision making. The
area of study called MIS is sometimes referred to, in a restrictive sense,
as information technology management. That area of study should not be
confused with computer science. IT service management is a
practitioner-focused discipline. MIS has also some differences with
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as ERP incorporates elements that
are not necessarily focused on decision support.
Any successful MIS must support a businesses Five Year Plan or its
equivalent. It must provide for reports based up performance analysis in
areas critical to that plan, with feedback loops that allow for titivation of
every aspect of the business, including recruitment and training
regimens. In effect, MIS must not only indicate how things are going,
but why they are not going as well as planned where that is the case.
These reports would include performance relative to cost centers and
projects that drive profit or loss, and do so in such a way that indentifies
individual accountability, and in virtual real-time.
Marketing research
o Web based market research
Product development
Promotion and advertising
Product pricing
Overview of Human Resource MIS
Human Resources MIS: Human Resource Management Information
System (MIS) is concerned with all of the activities related to employees
and potential employees of the organization.
Other MISs
Accounting MISs
o Provides aggregated information on accounts payable,
accounts receivable, payroll, and other applications.
Geographic information systems (GISs)
o Enables managers to pair pre-drawn maps or map outlines with
tabular data to describe aspects of a particular geographic
region.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY:
PRATEEK AGARWAL
08D1638
Data or raw data is the. Basic facts and figures of operational life. Such as output figure, hours worked
and so, when taken by itself have no meaning.
Information or MIS are the various procedures and methods used to convert the data into useful
information.
o Raw data refers to the data in its natural form, it does not make sense.
o MIS process is the translation or conversion of the raw data into understandable information.
o Useful information this stage is the finished product. Information is ready to be used.
o User processes this is where the information analyzing of the data is done and the useful
information go unto the next stage.
o Decisions it put to the test, it is used for what it was created for.
Useful Information
Useful information can be see as any information communicated that is important to or relates to a
specific topic. Information is only deemed useful if it meets the required need.
Accuracy: a sound automated and manual internal control system must exist throughout all information
system processing activities.
Consistency: because data collection and reporting processes will change overtime, to be reliable the
data should be processed and complied to verify it authenticity.
Completeness: MIS plays an important role in decision making, that decision makers need complete and
pertinent information in a summarized report. Reports should be designed to eliminate clutter and
voluminous details thereby avoiding ‘information overload’.
Relevance: information provided to managers must be relevant (must deal with the matter at hand).
MIS must be appropriate to support the management level using it
1. Investigation should be made about the information to determine if the information is viable
and if it can be used.
2. Appropriate data should be gathered.
3. Data must be summarized before the information is used.
4. Data must be analyzed to ensure the best alternative is used.
5. Accurate information transferal to gain best results.
6. Information gathered must be used in the manner suggested to accomplish organizational
objectives.
The long and short term plan must be effective, the system and reports output should support
reinforcement of organizational goals, the annual operating plan and the budgetary process. A useful
business planning initiatives need a supporting long term strategic MIS.
All information gathered must relate to the organizational structural development corroborative and
more stable informational needs, (all information must support the facts).giving rise to effective and
easily understood tasks.
Delivery of Information:
The right quality and quantity of information must be delivered to allow managers to perform their
duties effectively and in a timely manner.
Planning: in this process the operations and resources are assisted, to ascertain where the resources are
best useful.
Designing: the analyzing of the correct resources and equipment for the work, the direction as to how
the resources are going to be used.
Implementation: this is where the plan and the design are put into motion. This is where the true test
begins.
Improvement: this is where an organization grows after the implementation; an analysation is done to
see how effective the information system is. The analysis should show where the systems is lacking and
have not worked, so better and effective measures are put into place.
The MIS supplies decision makers with facts; it supports and enhances the overall decision making
process. MIS enhances the job performance by providing the necessary data and information to help
management make strategic decisions.
The management information system plays a vital role in planning. The information system in any
organization is as important to a business as food is an integral to sustainability of our lives. This is how
vital the management information system is to planning. If managers have no information as to how to
run their businesses and an understanding of the purpose of the organization. The organization is
doomed to failure. The MIS provides information for planning and sustainable management.
The importance of the MIS in an organizational structure:
Management need to about to allocate the best suited persons for the job and in the right positions that
are available in the organization. Organizational structure and MIS are the veins of the organization, the
placement party it tell who goes where. An organization with out a structure is chaotic and will lead to
the complete destruction of the organization. Worker will spend more time getting work done and in
some case you will find that more that one person would have completed the same job twice. This will
cause time laps and wasting of resources, increasing the organization expense.
Improvements to MIS
The management information system was originally created between 1954 and 1964 to deal with the
accounting aspect of the organization. All financing information was stored and continually updated as
transaction where made during this period.
Today the MIS with all its technological advancements have increased both the availability and
volume of information. Management and the directors have the information available for both
planning and decision making. Which are the contributing factors of a successful business.